Ethics of eating meat, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 195 relations: Abolitionism (animal rights), Agroecology, Ahimsa, Aldo Leopold, Androcentrism, Animal, Animal ethics, Animal feed, Animal husbandry, Animal law, Animal product, Animal rights movement, Animal science, Animal slaughter, Animal testing, Animal welfare, Animal–industrial complex, Anthropocentrism, Antimicrobial resistance, Artificial insemination, Battery cage, Benjamin Franklin, Biodiversity loss, BioScience, Buddhism, Burakumin, Cambridge University Press, Cannibalism in poultry, Carbon Balance and Management, Carnism, Catholic Church, Chick culling, Christian vegetarianism, Christianity, Climate change, Climate change mitigation, Cognitive dissonance, Columbia University Press, Concentrated animal feeding operation, Continuum International Publishing Group, Cultured meat, Current Affairs (magazine), Dairy cattle, Daniel Dennett, David Attenborough, David Benatar, David Nibert, Deforestation, Denial, Eastern Orthodox Church, ... Expand index (145 more) »

2. Ethical consumerism
3. Issues in animal ethics

Abolitionism (animal rights)

Abolitionism or abolitionist veganism is the animal rights based opposition to all animal use by humans. Ethics of eating meat and abolitionism (animal rights) are animal rights.

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Agroecology

Agroecology (IPA) is an academic discipline that studies ecological processes applied to agricultural production systems.

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Ahimsa

(IAST) is the ancient Indian principle of nonviolence which applies to actions towards all living beings.

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Aldo Leopold

Aldo Leopold (January 11, 1887 – April 21, 1948) was an American writer, philosopher, naturalist, scientist, ecologist, forester, conservationist, and environmentalist.

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Androcentrism

Androcentrism (Ancient Greek, ἀνήρ, "man, male") is the practice, conscious or otherwise, of placing a masculine point of view at the center of one's world view, culture, and history, thereby culturally marginalizing femininity.

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Animal

Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia.

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Animal ethics

Animal ethics is a branch of ethics which examines human-animal relationships, the moral consideration of animals and how nonhuman animals ought to be treated.

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Animal feed

Animal feed is food given to domestic animals, especially livestock, in the course of animal husbandry.

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Animal husbandry

Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fibre, milk, or other products.

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Animal law

Animal law is a combination of statutory and case law in which the nature legal, social or biological of nonhuman animals is an important factor. Ethics of eating meat and animal law are animal rights.

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Animal product

An animal product is any material derived from the body of a non-human animal. Ethics of eating meat and animal product are animal rights.

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Animal rights movement

The animal rights movement, sometimes called the animal liberation, animal personhood, or animal advocacy movement, is a social movement that advocates an end to the rigid moral and legal distinction drawn between human and non-human animals, an end to the status of animals as property, and an end to their use in the research, food, clothing, and entertainment industries. Ethics of eating meat and animal rights movement are animal rights.

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Animal science

Animal science is described as "studying the biology of animals that are under the control of humankind".

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Animal slaughter

Animal slaughter is the killing of animals, usually referring to killing domestic livestock.

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Animal testing

Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research, and in vivo testing, is the use of non-human animals, such as model organisms, in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study. Ethics of eating meat and animal testing are Issues in animal ethics.

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Animal welfare

Animal welfare is the well-being of non-human animals. Ethics of eating meat and animal welfare are Issues in animal ethics.

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Animal–industrial complex

Animal–industrial complex (AIC) is a concept used by activists and scholars to describe what they contend is the systematic and institutionalized exploitation of animals.

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Anthropocentrism

Anthropocentrism is the belief that human beings are the central or most important entity on the planet.

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Antimicrobial resistance

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when microbes evolve mechanisms that protect them from the effects of antimicrobials (drugs used to treat infections).

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Artificial insemination

Artificial insemination is the deliberate introduction of sperm into a female's cervix or uterine cavity for the purpose of achieving a pregnancy through in vivo fertilization by means other than sexual intercourse.

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Battery cage

Battery cages are a housing system used for various animal production methods, but primarily for egg-laying hens. Ethics of eating meat and Battery cage are Cruelty to animals.

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Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin (April 17, 1790) was an American polymath: a leading writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher and political philosopher.

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Biodiversity loss

Biodiversity loss happens when plant or animal species disappear completely from Earth (extinction) or when there is a decrease or disappearance of species in a specific area.

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BioScience

BioScience is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that is published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Institute of Biological Sciences.

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Buddhism

Buddhism, also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE.

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Burakumin

The are the Japanese people commonly believed to be descended from members of the pre-Meiji feudal class which were associated with, such as executioners, undertakers, slaughterhouse workers, butchers, and tanners.

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.

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Cannibalism in poultry

Cannibalism in poultry is the act of one individual of a poultry species consuming all or part of another individual of the same species as food. Ethics of eating meat and Cannibalism in poultry are animal rights.

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Carbon Balance and Management

Carbon Balance and Management is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal published by BioMed Central.

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Carnism

Carnism is a concept used in discussions of humanity's relation to other animals, defined as a prevailing ideology in which people support the use and consumption of animal products, especially meat. Ethics of eating meat and Carnism are animal rights.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

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Chick culling

Chick culling or unwanted chick killing is the process of separating and killing unwanted (male and unhealthy female) chicks for which the intensive animal farming industry has no use. Ethics of eating meat and chick culling are Cruelty to animals.

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Christian vegetarianism

Christian vegetarianism is the practice of keeping to a vegetarian lifestyle for reasons connected to or derived from the Christian faith.

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Christianity

Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

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Climate change

In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system.

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Climate change mitigation

Climate change mitigation (or decarbonisation) is action to limit the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that cause climate change.

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Cognitive dissonance

In the field of psychology, cognitive dissonance is described as the mental disturbance people feel when their cognitions and actions are inconsistent or contradictory.

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Columbia University Press

Columbia University Press is a university press based in New York City, and affiliated with Columbia University.

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Concentrated animal feeding operation

In animal husbandry, a concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO), as defined by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), is an intensive animal feeding operation (AFO) in which over 1,000 animal units are confined for over 45 days a year.

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Continuum International Publishing Group

Continuum International Publishing Group was an academic publisher of books with editorial offices in London and New York City.

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Cultured meat

Cultured meat, also known as cultivated meat among other names, is a form of cellular agriculture where meat is produced by culturing animal cells in vitro. Ethics of eating meat and Cultured meat are animal rights.

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Current Affairs (magazine)

Current Affairs is an American bimonthly magazine that discusses political and cultural topics from a left-wing perspective.

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Dairy cattle

Dairy cattle (also called dairy cows) are cattle bred with the ability to produce large quantities of milk, from which dairy products are made.

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Daniel Dennett

Daniel Clement Dennett III (March 28, 1942 – April 19, 2024) was an American philosopher and cognitive scientist.

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David Attenborough

Sir David Frederick Attenborough (born 8 May 1926) is a British broadcaster, biologist, natural historian, and writer.

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David Benatar

David Benatar (born 8 December 1966) is a South African philosopher, academic, and author.

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David Nibert

David Alan Nibert (born 1953) is an American sociologist, author, activist and professor of sociology at Wittenberg University.

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Deforestation

Deforestation or forest clearance is the removal and destruction of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use.

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Denial

Denial, in ordinary English usage, has at least three meanings: asserting that any particular statement or allegation is not true (which might be accurate or inaccurate); the refusal of a request; and asserting that a true statement is not true.

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Eastern Orthodox Church

The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, and also called the Greek Orthodox Church or simply the Orthodox Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 230 million baptised members.

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Economic vegetarianism

An economic vegetarian is a person who practices vegetarianism from either the philosophical viewpoint that the consumption of meat is expensive, part of a conscious simple living strategy or just because of necessity.

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Egg

An egg is an organic vessel grown by an animal to carry a possibly fertilized egg cell (a zygote) and to incubate from it an embryo within the egg until the embryo has become an animal fetus that can survive on its own, at which point the animal hatches.

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Environmental impacts of animal agriculture

The environmental impacts of animal agriculture vary because of the wide variety of agricultural practices employed around the world.

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Environmental vegetarianism

Environmental vegetarianism is the practice of vegetarianism that is motivated by the desire to create a sustainable diet, which avoids the negative environmental impact of meat production.

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Ethical eating

Ethical eating or food ethics refers to the moral consequences of food choices, both those made by humans and animals. Ethics of eating meat and Ethical eating are ethical consumerism.

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Ethical omnivorism

Ethical omnivorism,Ronald L. Sandler (2014).

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Ethics

Ethics is the philosophical study of moral phenomena.

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Ethics of uncertain sentience

The ethics of uncertain sentience refers to questions surrounding the treatment of and moral obligations towards individuals whose sentience—the capacity to subjectively sense and feel—and resulting ability to experience pain is uncertain; the topic has been particularly discussed within the field of animal ethics, with the precautionary principle frequently invoked in response. Ethics of eating meat and ethics of uncertain sentience are Issues in animal ethics.

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Ethnocentrism

Ethnocentrism in social science and anthropology—as well as in colloquial English discourse—means to apply one's own culture or ethnicity as a frame of reference to judge other cultures, practices, behaviors, beliefs, and people, instead of using the standards of the particular culture involved.

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Ethology

Ethology is a branch of zoology that studies the behaviour of non-human animals.

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Eugene Linden (born 1947) is an American author of non-fiction books on animal intelligence, popular science, technology, the environment, and humanity's relationship with nature.

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Eutrophication

Eutrophication is a general term describing a process in which nutrients accumulate in a body of water, resulting in an increased growth of microorganisms that may deplete the oxygen of water.

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Extensive farming

Extensive farming or extensive agriculture (as opposed to intensive farming) is an agricultural production system that uses small inputs of labour, fertilizers, and capital, relative to the land area being farmed.

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Farm Sanctuary

Farm Sanctuary is an American animal protection organization, founded in 1986 as an advocate for farmed animals.

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Fasting

Fasting is abstention from eating and sometimes drinking.

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Feed conversion ratio

In animal husbandry, feed conversion ratio (FCR) or feed conversion rate is a ratio or rate measuring of the efficiency with which the bodies of livestock convert animal feed into the desired output.

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Foie gras

fat liver) is a specialty food product made of the liver of a duck or goose. According to French law, foie gras is defined as the liver of a duck or goose fattened by gavage (force feeding). Foie gras is a popular and well-known delicacy in French cuisine. Its flavour is rich, buttery, and delicate, unlike an ordinary duck or goose liver. Ethics of eating meat and foie gras are Cruelty to animals.

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Food and Agriculture Organization

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsOrganisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture; Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'alimentazione e l'agricoltura.

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Food loss and waste

Food loss and waste is food that is not eaten.

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Forbes

Forbes is an American business magazine founded by B. C. Forbes in 1917 and owned by Hong Kong-based investment group Integrated Whale Media Investments since 2014.

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Free range

Free range denotes a method of farming husbandry where the animals, for at least part of the day, can roam freely outdoors, rather than being confined in an enclosure for 24 hours each day. Ethics of eating meat and free range are ethical consumerism.

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Free-range eggs

Free-range eggs also known as cage-free eggs are eggs produced from birds that may be permitted outdoors.

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Fur farming

Fur farming is the practice of breeding or raising certain types of animals for their fur. Ethics of eating meat and fur farming are Cruelty to animals.

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Gary L. Francione

Gary Lawrence Francione (born May 1954) is an American academic in the fields of law and philosophy. Ethics of eating meat and Gary L. Francione are animal rights.

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Globalization

Globalization, or globalisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences), is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide.

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Greek Catholic Church

Greek Catholic Church may refer to.

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Greenhouse gas emissions

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from human activities intensify the greenhouse effect.

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Halakha

Halakha (translit), also transliterated as halacha, halakhah, and halocho, is the collective body of Jewish religious laws that are derived from the Written and Oral Torah.

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Halal

Halal (حلال) is an Arabic word that translates to in English.

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Haram

Haram (حَرَام) is an Arabic term meaning 'forbidden'.

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Hard problem of consciousness

In the philosophy of mind, the hard problem of consciousness is to explain why and how humans and other organisms have qualia, phenomenal consciousness, or subjective experience.

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Health

Health has a variety of definitions, which have been used for different purposes over time.

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Hinduism

Hinduism is an Indian religion or dharma, a religious and universal order by which its followers abide.

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Honorary title (academic)

Honorary titles (professor, reader, lecturer) in academia may be conferred on persons in recognition of contributions by a non-employee or by an employee beyond regular duties.

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Howard Williams (humanitarian)

Howard Williams (6 January 1837 – 21 September 1931) was an English humanitarianism and vegetarianism activist, historian, and writer.

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Immanuel Kant

Immanuel Kant (born Emanuel Kant; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers.

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Intensive animal farming

Intensive animal farming, industrial livestock production, and macro-farms, also known (particularly by opponents) as factory farming, is a type of intensive agriculture, specifically an approach to animal husbandry designed to maximize production while minimizing costs. Ethics of eating meat and intensive animal farming are Cruelty to animals.

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Isaac ben Moses Arama

Isaac ben Moses Arama (1420 – 1494) was a Spanish rabbi and author.

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Islamic dietary laws

Islamic dietary laws are laws that Muslims follow in their diet.

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Jain vegetarianism

Jain vegetarianism is practised by the followers of Jain culture and philosophy.

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Jan Narveson

Jan Narveson (born 1936) is professor of philosophy emeritus at the University of Waterloo, in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.

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Jane Goodall

Dame Jane Morris Goodall (born Valerie Jane Morris-Goodall; 3 April 1934), formerly Baroness Jane van Lawick-Goodall, is an English zoologist, primatologist and anthropologist.

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Jason Gaverick Matheny

Jason Gaverick Matheny is a United States national security expert serving as president and CEO of the RAND Corporation since July 2022.

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Jōdo Shinshū

, also known as Shin Buddhism or True Pure Land Buddhism, is a school of Pure Land Buddhism founded by the former Tendai Japanese monk Shinran.

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Jeff McMahan (philosopher)

Jefferson Allen McMahan (born August 30, 1954) is an American moral philosopher.

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Jeremy Bentham

Jeremy Bentham (4 February 1747/8 O.S. – 6 June 1832) was an English philosopher, jurist, and social reformer regarded as the founder of modern utilitarianism.

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Jewish vegetarianism

Jewish vegetarianism is a commitment to vegetarianism that is connected to Judaism, Jewish ethics or Jewish identity.

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Joseph Albo

Joseph Albo (יוסף אלבו; c. 1380–1444) was a Jewish philosopher and rabbi who lived in Spain during the fifteenth century, known chiefly as the author of Sefer ha-Ikkarim ("Book of Principles"), the classic work on the fundamentals of Judaism.

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Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

The Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics is the monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics published by Elsevier.

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Judaism

Judaism (יַהֲדוּת|translit.

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Kashrut

(also or, כַּשְׁרוּת) is a set of dietary laws dealing with the foods that Jewish people are permitted to eat and how those foods must be prepared according to Jewish law.

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Kegare

is the Japanese term for a state of pollution and defilement, important particularly in Shinto as a religious term.

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Lactation

Lactation describes the secretion of milk from the mammary glands and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young.

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Lacto-ovo vegetarianism

Lacto-ovo vegetarianism or ovo-lacto vegetarianism is a type of vegetarianism which forbids animal flesh but allows the consumption of animal products such as dairy and eggs.

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Land degradation

Land degradation is a process in which the value of the or biophysical or biochemical environment is affected by a combination of natural or human-induced processes acting upon the land.

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Leather

Leather is a strong, flexible and durable material obtained from the tanning, or chemical treatment, of animal skins and hides to prevent decay.

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Legume

Legumes are plants in the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae), or the fruit or seeds of such plants.

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Livestock

Livestock are the domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting in order to provide labour and produce diversified products for consumption such as meat, eggs, milk, fur, leather, and wool.

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Livestock's Long Shadow

Livestock's Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options is a United Nations report, released by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations on 29 November 2006, that "aims to assess the full impact of the livestock sector on environmental problems, along with potential technical and policy approaches to mitigation".

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Mahatma Gandhi

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (ISO: Mōhanadāsa Karamacaṁda Gāṁdhī; 2 October 186930 January 1948) was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule.

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Malware

Malware (a portmanteau of malicious software)Tahir, R. (2018).

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Mark Rowlands

Mark Rowlands (born 1962) is a Welsh writer and philosopher.

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Mathematician

A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems.

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Meat

Meat is animal tissue, often muscle, that is eaten as food.

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Meat industry

The meat industry are the people and companies engaged in modern industrialized livestock agriculture for the production, packing, preservation and marketing of meat (in contrast to dairy products, wool, etc.). In economics, the meat industry is a fusion of primary (agriculture) and secondary (industry) activity and hard to characterize strictly in terms of either one alone.

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Medical News Today

Medical News Today is a web-based outlet for medical information and news, targeted at both the general public and physicians.

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Melanie Joy

Melanie Joy (born September 2, 1966) is an American social psychologist and author, primarily notable for coining and promulgating the term carnism.

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Memorabilia (Xenophon)

Memorabilia (original title in Apomnemoneumata) is a collection of Socratic dialogues by Xenophon, a student of Socrates.

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Mental disorder

A mental disorder, also referred to as a mental illness, a mental health condition, or a psychiatric disability, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.

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Methane emissions

Increasing methane emissions are a major contributor to the rising concentration of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere, and are responsible for up to one-third of near-term global heating.

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Michel de Montaigne

Michel Eyquem, Seigneur de Montaigne (28 February 1533 – 13 September 1592), commonly known as Michel de Montaigne, was one of the most significant philosophers of the French Renaissance.

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Milk

Milk is a white liquid food produced by the mammary glands of mammals.

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Moral agency

Moral agency is an individual's ability to make moral choices based on some notion of right and wrong and to be held accountable for these actions.

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Nathan J. Robinson

Nathan James Robinson is an English-American journalist, political commentator, and editor-in-chief of the left-wing progressive ''Current Affairs'' magazine, which he founded in 2015.

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National Geographic

National Geographic (formerly The National Geographic Magazine, sometimes branded as NAT GEO) is an American monthly magazine published by National Geographic Partners.

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Neuroscientist

A neuroscientist (or neurobiologist) is a scientist who has specialised knowledge in neuroscience, a branch of biology that deals with the physiology, biochemistry, psychology, anatomy and molecular biology of neurons, neural circuits, and glial cells and especially their behavioral, biological, and psychological aspect in health and disease.

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New Harvest

New Harvest is a donor-funded research institute dedicated to the field of cellular agriculture, focusing on advances in scientific research efforts surrounding cultured animal products.

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Nick Zangwill

Nick Zangwill (born 1957) is a British philosopher and honorary research professor at University College London and Lincoln University.

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Nirvana (Buddhism)

Nirvana (Sanskrit: निर्वाण; IAST:; Pali) is the extinguishing of the passions, the "blowing out" or "quenching" of the activity of the grasping mind and its related unease.

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Non-aggression principle

The non-aggression principle (NAP), also called the non-aggression axiom, is the legal or moral rule that states that for every person, all ways of action with their property except aggression are permitted (also called good), where aggression is defined as the initiation of forceful action, and where forceful action is defined as 'the application or threat of' 'physical interference (property breach) or fraud (contract breach)', any of which without consent.

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Nonviolence

Nonviolence is the personal practice of not causing harm to others under any condition.

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Oregon State University

Oregon State University (OSU) is a public land-grant research university based in Corvallis, Oregon.

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Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass, micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue leading to more porous bone, and consequent increase in fracture risk.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

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Oyster

Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats.

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Palgrave Macmillan

Palgrave Macmillan is a British academic and trade publishing company headquartered in the London Borough of Camden.

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People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals

People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) is an American animal rights nonprofit organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and led by Ingrid Newkirk, its international president.

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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin is a scientific journal published monthly published by SAGE Publications for the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP).

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Personism

Personism is an ethical philosophy of personhood as typified by the thought of the utilitarian philosopher Peter Singer.

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Peter Singer

Peter Albert David Singer (born 6 July 1946) is an Australian moral philosopher who is Emeritus Ira W.

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Philosophy

Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind, and language.

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Plant rights

Plant rights are rights to which certain plants may be entitled.

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Plant-based diet

A plant-based diet is a diet consisting mostly or entirely of plant-based foods.

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Plato

Plato (Greek: Πλάτων), born Aristocles (Ἀριστοκλῆς; – 348 BC), was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms.

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Population growth

Population growth is the increase in the number of people in a population or dispersed group.

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Prasada

Sri Maya Chandrodaya Mandir in Mayapur, India Prasāda (Sanskrit: प्रसाद), prasadam or prasad is a religious offering in Hinduism.

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Prima facie

Prima facie is a Latin expression meaning "at first sight", or "based on first impression".

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Princeton University

Princeton University is a private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey.

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Problem of other minds

The problem of other minds is a philosophical problem traditionally stated as the following epistemological question: Given that I can only observe the behavior of others, how can I know that others have minds? The problem is that knowledge of other minds is always indirect.

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Psychology of eating meat

The psychology of eating meat is an area of study seeking to illuminate the confluence of morality, emotions, cognition, and personality characteristics in the phenomenon of the consumption of meat.

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Pythagoras

Pythagoras of Samos (Πυθαγόρας; BC) was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher, polymath and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism.

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Racism

Racism is discrimination and prejudice against people based on their race or ethnicity.

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Rationalization (psychology)

Rationalization is a defense mechanism (ego defense) in which apparent logical reasons are given to justify behavior that is motivated by unconscious instinctual impulses.

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René Descartes

René Descartes (or;; 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) was a French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, widely considered a seminal figure in the emergence of modern philosophy and science.

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Replaceability argument

The replaceability argument, or the logic of the larder, is a philosophical argument that has been used to reject vegetarianism.

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Samuel Clarke

Samuel Clarke (11 October 1675 – 17 May 1729) was an English philosopher and Anglican cleric.

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Sattva

Sattva (Sanskrit: सत्त्व, meaning goodness) is one of the three guṇas or "modes of existence" (tendencies, qualities, attributes), a philosophical and psychological concept understood by the Samkhya school of Hindu philosophy.

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Science (journal)

Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.

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Science of the Total Environment

Science of the Total Environment is a weekly international peer-reviewed scientific journal covering environmental science.

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Self-deception

Self-deception is a process of denying or rationalizing away the relevance, significance, or importance of opposing evidence and logical argument.

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Sentience

Sentience is the ability to experience feelings and sensations. Ethics of eating meat and Sentience are animal rights.

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Sexism

Sexism is prejudice or discrimination based on one's sex or gender.

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Sharia

Sharia (sharīʿah) is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition based on scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran and hadith.

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Shinran

Popular Buddhism in Japan: Shin Buddhist Religion & Culture by Esben Andreasen, pp.

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Shinto

Shinto is a religion originating in Japan.

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Slate (magazine)

Slate is an online magazine that covers current affairs, politics, and culture in the United States.

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Social Research: An International Quarterly is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal of the social sciences, published by The New School for Social Research, the graduate social science division of The New School.

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Speciesism

Speciesism is a term used in philosophy regarding the treatment of individuals of different species. Ethics of eating meat and Speciesism are animal rights.

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Steven Best

Steven Best (born December 1955) is an American philosopher, writer, speaker and activist.

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Sustainable diet

Sustainable diets are "dietary patterns that promote all dimensions of individuals’ health and wellbeing; have low environmental pressure and impact; are accessible, affordable, safe and equitable; and are culturally acceptable".

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Sustainable hunting

Sustainable hunting is a conservation-based hunting approach that does not reduce the density of the game animal being hunted via the adherence to hunting limits.

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The Daily Telegraph

The Daily Telegraph, known online and elsewhere as The Telegraph, is a British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed in the United Kingdom and internationally.

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The Lancet

The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal and one of the oldest of its kind.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

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The New York Times Magazine

The New York Times Magazine is an American Sunday magazine included with the Sunday edition of The New York Times.

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Thomas Nagel

Thomas Nagel (born July 4, 1937) is an American philosopher.

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Tony Wardle

Tony Wardle is a British journalist and writer.

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Transmarginal inhibition

In psychology, transmarginal inhibition, or TMI, is an organism's response to overwhelming stimuli.

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Tza'ar ba'alei chayim

Tza'ar ba'alei chayim (צער בעלי חיים), literally "suffering of living creatures", is a Jewish commandment which bans causing animals unnecessary suffering.

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United States Department of Agriculture

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is an executive department of the United States federal government that aims to meet the needs of commercial farming and livestock food production, promotes agricultural trade and production, works to assure food safety, protects natural resources, fosters rural communities and works to end hunger in the United States and internationally.

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University College London

University College London (branded as UCL) is a public research university in London, England.

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University of Bristol

The University of Bristol is a red brick Russell Group research university in Bristol, England.

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University of Lincoln

The University of Lincoln is a public research university in Lincoln, England, with origins dating back to 1861.

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University of Melbourne

The University of Melbourne (also colloquially known as Melbourne University) is a public research university located in Melbourne, Australia.

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University of Oxford

The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England.

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Utilitarianism

In ethical philosophy, utilitarianism is a family of normative ethical theories that prescribe actions that maximize happiness and well-being for the affected individuals.

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Val Plumwood

Val Plumwood (11 August 1939 – 29 February 2008) was an Australian philosopher and ecofeminist known for her work on anthropocentrism.

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Veal

Veal is the meat of calves, in contrast to the beef from older cattle.

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Veganism

Veganism is the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products—particularly in diet—and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.

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Vegetarianism

Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, insects, and the flesh of any other animal).

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Vegetarianism and religion

The practice of vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religious traditions worldwide.

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World Scientists' Warning to Humanity

The "World Scientists' Warning to Humanity" was a document written in 1992 by Henry W. Kendall and signed by about 1,700 leading scientists.

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World Wide Fund for Nature

The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is a Swiss-based international non-governmental organization founded in 1961 that works in the field of wilderness preservation and the reduction of human impact on the environment.

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Xenophon

Xenophon of Athens (Ξενοφῶν||; probably 355 or 354 BC) was a Greek military leader, philosopher, and historian, born in Athens.

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Zoonosis

A zoonosis (plural zoonoses) or zoonotic disease is an infectious disease of humans caused by a pathogen (an infectious agent, such as a bacterium, virus, parasite, or prion) that can jump from a non-human (usually a vertebrate) to a human and vice versa.

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See also

Ethical consumerism

• Anti-consumerism
• Anti-slavery fairs
• Boycott
• Climatarian diet
• Critical consumerism
• Ecolabelling
• Ethical Consumer
• Ethical Threads
• Ethical consumerism
• Ethical eating
• Ethics of eating meat
• Fair trade
• Free range
• Green consumption
• Green gifting
• Gruppi di Acquisto Solidale
• Justice tourism
• Local purchasing
• New Dream
• No Sweat (organisation)
• Sustainable consumer behaviour
• Sustainable consumption
• Sustainable food system
• The Honest Company

Issues in animal ethics

• Animal rights
• Animal testing
• Animal welfare
• Ethics of eating meat
• Ethics of uncertain sentience
• Intrinsic value in animal ethics
• Wild animal suffering

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics_of_eating_meat

Also known as Ethical arguments against eating meat, Ethical vegan, Ethical vegetarian, Ethical vegetarianism, Ethics of meat-eating, Ethics of vegetarianism, Morality of eating animals.

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