Ethion, the Glossary
Ethion (C9H22O4P2S4) is an organophosphate insecticide.[1]
Table of Contents
93 relations: Abiotic component, Absorption (skin), Acetylcholine, Acetylcholinesterase, Action potential, Activated carbon, Active metabolite, Atropine, Azospirillum, Bioavailability, Biotransformation, Blood plasma, Carbon-14, Carcinogen, Cardiac arrest, Cell membrane, Chemical polarity, Chemical purity, Cholinesterase, Chronic toxicity, Coefficient of variation, Common pheasant, Contact dermatitis, Contamination, Cytochrome P450, Dephosphorylation, Desquamation, Desulfurization, Detection limit, Diaphragmatic excursion, Dibromomethane, Diethyl dithiophosphoric acid, Diffusion, Enzyme, Erythema, Esterase, Ethanol, Excretion, Fasciculation, Florida, Food and Agriculture Organization, Formaldehyde, Gastric lavage, Growth medium, Half-life, Hematology, Histopathology, Hydrolysis, Hydrophile, Hydroxy group, ... Expand index (43 more) »
- Phosphorodithioates
Abiotic component
In biology and ecology, abiotic components or abiotic factors are non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems.
See Ethion and Abiotic component
Absorption (skin)
Skin absorption is a route by which substances can enter the body through the skin.
See Ethion and Absorption (skin)
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine (ACh) is an organic compound that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals (including humans) as a neurotransmitter.
Acetylcholinesterase
Acetylcholinesterase (HGNC symbol ACHE; EC 3.1.1.7; systematic name acetylcholine acetylhydrolase), also known as AChE, AChase or acetylhydrolase, is the primary cholinesterase in the body.
See Ethion and Acetylcholinesterase
Action potential
An action potential occurs when the membrane potential of a specific cell rapidly rises and falls.
See Ethion and Action potential
Activated carbon
Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, is a form of carbon commonly used to filter contaminants from water and air, among many other uses.
See Ethion and Activated carbon
An active metabolite, or pharmacologically active metabolite is a biologically active metabolite of a xenobiotic substance, such as a drug or environmental chemical.
See Ethion and Active metabolite
Atropine
Atropine is a tropane alkaloid and anticholinergic medication used to treat certain types of nerve agent and pesticide poisonings as well as some types of slow heart rate, and to decrease saliva production during surgery.
Azospirillum
Azospirillum is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic, non-fermentative and nitrogen-fixing bacterial genus from the family of Rhodospirillaceae.
Bioavailability
In pharmacology, bioavailability is a subcategory of absorption and is the fraction (%) of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation.
See Ethion and Bioavailability
Biotransformation
Biotransformation is the biochemical modification of one chemical compound or a mixture of chemical compounds.
See Ethion and Biotransformation
Blood plasma
Blood plasma is a light amber-colored liquid component of blood in which blood cells are absent, but which contains proteins and other constituents of whole blood in suspension.
Carbon-14
Carbon-14, C-14, or radiocarbon, is a radioactive isotope of carbon with an atomic nucleus containing 6 protons and 8 neutrons.
Carcinogen
A carcinogen is any agent that promotes the development of cancer.
Cardiac arrest
Cardiac arrest, also known as sudden cardiac arrest, is when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating.
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment (the extracellular space).
Chemical polarity
In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end.
See Ethion and Chemical polarity
Chemical purity
In chemistry, chemical purity is the measurement of the amount of impurities found in a sample.
See Ethion and Chemical purity
Cholinesterase
The enzyme cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8, choline esterase; systematic name acylcholine acylhydrolase) catalyses the hydrolysis of choline-based esters: Several of these serve as neurotransmitters.
Chronic toxicity
Chronic toxicity, the development of adverse effects as a result of long term exposure to a contaminant or other stressor, is an important aspect of aquatic toxicology.
See Ethion and Chronic toxicity
Coefficient of variation
In probability theory and statistics, the coefficient of variation (CV), also known as normalized root-mean-square deviation (NRMSD), percent RMS, and relative standard deviation (RSD), is a standardized measure of dispersion of a probability distribution or frequency distribution.
See Ethion and Coefficient of variation
Common pheasant
The common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) is a bird in the pheasant family (Phasianidae).
See Ethion and Common pheasant
Contact dermatitis is a type of acute or chronic inflammation of the skin caused by exposure to chemical or physical agents.
See Ethion and Contact dermatitis
Contamination
Contamination is the presence of a constituent, impurity, or some other undesirable element that renders something unsuitable, unfit or harmful for physical body, natural environment, workplace, etc.
Cytochrome P450
Cytochromes P450 (P450s or CYPs) are a superfamily of enzymes containing heme as a cofactor that mostly, but not exclusively, function as monooxygenases.
See Ethion and Cytochrome P450
Dephosphorylation
In biochemistry, dephosphorylation is the removal of a phosphate () group from an organic compound by hydrolysis.
See Ethion and Dephosphorylation
Desquamation
Desquamation, or peeling skin, is the shedding of dead cells from the outermost layer of skin.
Desulfurization
Desulfurization or desulphurisation is a chemical process for the removal of sulfur from a material.
See Ethion and Desulfurization
Detection limit
The limit of detection (LOD or LoD) is the lowest signal, or the lowest corresponding quantity to be determined (or extracted) from the signal, that can be observed with a sufficient degree of confidence or statistical significance.
See Ethion and Detection limit
Diaphragmatic excursion
Diaphragmatic excursion is the movement of the thoracic diaphragm during breathing.
See Ethion and Diaphragmatic excursion
Dibromomethane
Dibromomethane or methylene bromide, or methylene dibromide is a halomethane with the formula CH2Br2.
Diethyl dithiophosphoric acid
Diethyl dithiophosphoric acid, sometimes mistakenly called diethyl dithiophosphate, is the organophosphorus compound with the formula (C2H5O)2PS2H. Ethion and diethyl dithiophosphoric acid are ethyl esters.
See Ethion and Diethyl dithiophosphoric acid
Diffusion
Diffusion is the net movement of anything (for example, atoms, ions, molecules, energy) generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.
Erythema
Erythema is redness of the skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries.
Esterase
In biochemistry, an esterase is a class of enzyme that splits esters into an acid and an alcohol in a chemical reaction with water called hydrolysis (and as such, it is a type of hydrolase).
Ethanol
Ethanol (also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound with the chemical formula.
Excretion
Excretion is elimination of metabolic waste, which is an essential process in all organisms.
Fasciculation
A fasciculation, or muscle twitch, is a spontaneous, involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation, involving fine muscle fibers.
Florida
Florida is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States.
Food and Agriculture Organization
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsOrganisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture; Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'alimentazione e l'agricoltura.
See Ethion and Food and Agriculture Organization
Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde (systematic name methanal) is an organic compound with the chemical formula and structure, more precisely.
Gastric lavage
Gastric lavage, also commonly called stomach pumping or gastric irrigation, is the process of cleaning out the contents of the stomach using a tube.
Growth medium
A growth medium or culture medium is a solid, liquid, or semi-solid designed to support the growth of a population of microorganisms or cells via the process of cell proliferation or small plants like the moss Physcomitrella patens.
Half-life
Half-life (symbol) is the time required for a quantity (of substance) to reduce to half of its initial value.
Hematology
Hematology (always spelled haematology in British English) is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to blood.
Histopathology
Histopathology (compound of three Greek words: ἱστός histos 'tissue', πάθος pathos 'suffering', and -λογία -logia 'study of') is the microscopic examination of tissue in order to study the manifestations of disease.
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds.
Hydrophile
A hydrophile is a molecule or other molecular entity that is attracted to water molecules and tends to be dissolved by water.
Hydroxy group
In chemistry, a hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom.
Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories
Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories (IBT Labs) was an American industrial product safety testing laboratory.
See Ethion and Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories
Inflammation
Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants.
Insecticide
Insecticides are pesticides used to kill insects.
International Agency for Research on Cancer
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC; Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC) is an intergovernmental agency forming part of the World Health Organization of the United Nations.
See Ethion and International Agency for Research on Cancer
Intravenous therapy
Intravenous therapy (abbreviated as IV therapy) is a medical technique that administers fluids, medications and nutrients directly into a person's vein.
See Ethion and Intravenous therapy
Intrinsic activity
Intrinsic activity (IA) and efficacy refer to the relative ability of a drug-receptor complex to produce a maximum functional response.
See Ethion and Intrinsic activity
Invertebrate
Invertebrates is an umbrella term describing animals that neither develop nor retain a vertebral column (commonly known as a spine or backbone), which evolved from the notochord.
Lipophilicity
Lipophilicity (from Greek λίπος "fat" and φίλος "friendly") is the ability of a chemical compound to dissolve in fats, oils, lipids, and non-polar solvents such as hexane or toluene.
In toxicology, the median lethal dose, LD50 (abbreviation for "lethal dose, 50%"), LC50 (lethal concentration, 50%) or LCt50 is a toxic unit that measures the lethal dose of a given substance.
See Ethion and Median lethal dose
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.
Microorganism
A microorganism, or microbe, is an organism of microscopic size, which may exist in its single-celled form or as a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from sixth century BC India. The scientific study of microorganisms began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Anton van Leeuwenhoek.
No-observed-adverse-effect level
The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) denotes the level of exposure of an organism, found by experiment or observation, at which there is no biologically or statistically significant increase in the frequency or severity of any adverse effects of the tested protocol.
See Ethion and No-observed-adverse-effect level
Northern bobwhite
The northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus), also known as the Virginia quail or (in its home range) bobwhite quail, is a ground-dwelling bird native to Canada, the United States, Mexico, and Cuba, with introduced populations elsewhere in the Caribbean, Europe, and Asia.
See Ethion and Northern bobwhite
Organophosphate
In organic chemistry, organophosphates (also known as phosphate esters, or OPEs) are a class of organophosphorus compounds with the general structure, a central phosphate molecule with alkyl or aromatic substituents.
See Ethion and Organophosphate
Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element; it has symbol O and atomic number 8.
Parts-per notation
In science and engineering, the parts-per notation is a set of pseudo-units to describe small values of miscellaneous dimensionless quantities, e.g. mole fraction or mass fraction.
See Ethion and Parts-per notation
Phosphorylation
In biochemistry, phosphorylation is the attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or an ion.
See Ethion and Phosphorylation
Pralidoxime
Pralidoxime (2-pyridine aldoxime methyl chloride) or 2-PAM, usually as the chloride or iodide salts, belongs to a family of compounds called oximes that bind to organophosphate-inactivated acetylcholinesterase.
Protease
A protease (also called a peptidase, proteinase, or proteolytic enzyme) is an enzyme that catalyzes proteolysis, breaking down proteins into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids, and spurring the formation of new protein products.
Pseudomonas
Pseudomonas is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae in the class Gammaproteobacteria.
Quenching the Light
Quenching The Light (2008) is a PSA-like documentary short film that highlights the persecution of Baháʼís in Iran.
See Ethion and Quenching the Light
Radioactive tracer
A radioactive tracer, radiotracer, or radioactive label is a synthetic derivative of a natural compound in which one or more atoms have been replaced by a radionuclide (a radioactive atom).
See Ethion and Radioactive tracer
Reaction inhibitor
A reaction inhibitor is a substance that decreases the rate of, or prevents, a chemical reaction.
See Ethion and Reaction inhibitor
Red blood cell
Red blood cells (RBCs), referred to as erythrocytes (with -cyte translated as 'cell' in modern usage) in academia and medical publishing, also known as red cells, erythroid cells, and rarely haematids, are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen to the body tissues—via blood flow through the circulatory system.
Red-winged blackbird
The red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) is a passerine bird of the family Icteridae found in most of North America and much of Central America.
See Ethion and Red-winged blackbird
Redox
Redox (reduction–oxidation or oxidation–reduction) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of the reactants change.
See Ethion and Redox
Respiratory failure
Respiratory failure results from inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system, meaning that the arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide, or both cannot be kept at normal levels.
See Ethion and Respiratory failure
Respiratory tract
The respiratory tract is the subdivision of the respiratory system involved with the process of conducting air to the alveoli for the purposes of gas exchange in mammals.
See Ethion and Respiratory tract
Risk assessment
Risk assessment determines possible mishaps, their likelihood and consequences, and the tolerances for such events.
See Ethion and Risk assessment
Route of administration
In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the way by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body.
See Ethion and Route of administration
Serine
Serine (symbol Ser or S) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
Silver nanoparticle
Silver nanoparticles are nanoparticles of silver of between 1 nm and 100 nm in size.
See Ethion and Silver nanoparticle
Starling
Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds in the family Sturnidae, common name of Sturnid.
Tachycardia
Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate.
Toxin
A toxin is a naturally occurring poison produced by metabolic activities of living cells or organisms.
See Ethion and Toxin
Tracheal tube
A tracheal tube is a catheter that is inserted into the trachea for the primary purpose of establishing and maintaining a patent airway and to ensure the adequate exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
United States Department of Health and Human Services
The United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is a cabinet-level executive branch department of the U.S. federal government created to protect the health of the U.S. people and providing essential human services.
See Ethion and United States Department of Health and Human Services
United States Environmental Protection Agency
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an independent agency of the United States government tasked with environmental protection matters.
See Ethion and United States Environmental Protection Agency
Volatility (chemistry)
In chemistry, volatility is a material quality which describes how readily a substance vaporizes.
See Ethion and Volatility (chemistry)
Wave interference
In physics, interference is a phenomenon in which two coherent waves are combined by adding their intensities or displacements with due consideration for their phase difference.
See Ethion and Wave interference
White blood cell
White blood cells (scientific name leukocytes), also called immune cells or immunocytes, are cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders.
See Ethion and White blood cell
World Health Organization
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health.
See Ethion and World Health Organization
Xylene
In organic chemistry, xylene or xylol (IUPAC name: dimethylbenzene) are any of three organic compounds with the formula.
See also
Phosphorodithioates
- Azinphos-ethyl
- Azinphos-methyl
- Cadusafos
- Dimethoate
- Dioxathion
- Disulfoton
- Ethion
- Ethoprophos
- Isomalathion
- Malathion
- Methidathion
- Phosalone
- Phosmet
- Terbufos
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethion
Also known as C9H22O4P2S4, Diethion, Ethion monoxon, O,O,O',O'-Tetraethyl S,S'-methylene di(phosphorodithioate), O,O,O',O'-tetraethyl s,s'-methylene bis(phosphorodithioate).
, Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inflammation, Insecticide, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Intravenous therapy, Intrinsic activity, Invertebrate, Lipophilicity, Median lethal dose, Metabolism, Microorganism, No-observed-adverse-effect level, Northern bobwhite, Organophosphate, Oxygen, Parts-per notation, Phosphorylation, Pralidoxime, Protease, Pseudomonas, Quenching the Light, Radioactive tracer, Reaction inhibitor, Red blood cell, Red-winged blackbird, Redox, Respiratory failure, Respiratory tract, Risk assessment, Route of administration, Serine, Silver nanoparticle, Starling, Tachycardia, Toxin, Tracheal tube, United States Department of Health and Human Services, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Volatility (chemistry), Wave interference, White blood cell, World Health Organization, Xylene.