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Experimental physics, the Glossary

Experimental physics is the category of disciplines and sub-disciplines in the field of physics that are concerned with the observation of physical phenomena and experiments.^[1]

199 relations: Abram Alikhanov, Al-Biruni, Al-Khazini, Alain Aspect, Albert A. Michelson, Alessandro Volta, Andre Geim, Anton Zeilinger, Archimedes, Arthur Compton, Astronomical object, Astrophysics, Augustin-Jean Fresnel, Barry Barish, Bell test, Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Thompson, Blaise Pascal, Brookhaven National Laboratory, C. V. Raman, Carl David Anderson, Carl Friedrich Gauss, Carlo Rubbia, Cavendish experiment, CERN, Charles Drummond Ellis, Charles H. Townes, Chicago Pile-1, Chien-Shiung Wu, Christiaan Huygens, Classical mechanics, Clinton Davisson, Collider, Cowan–Reines neutrino experiment, Crystallography, Daniel Bernoulli, Davisson–Germer experiment, Delayed-choice quantum eraser, DESY, Dorothy Hodgkin, Double-slit experiment, Early modern Europe, Eötvös experiment, Eddington experiment, Electric charge, Electric current, Electricity, Electromagnetic radiation, Electron, Ellipsometry, ... Expand index (149 more) »

Abram Alikhanov

Abram Isaakovich Alikhanov (Абрам Исаакович Алиханов, born Alikhanian; 8 December 1970) was a Soviet Armenian experimental physicist who specialized in particle and nuclear physics.

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Al-Biruni

Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni (ابوریحان بیرونی; أبو الريحان البيروني; 973after 1050), known as al-Biruni, was a Khwarazmian Iranian scholar and polymath during the Islamic Golden Age.

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Al-Khazini

Abū al-Fath Abd al-Rahman Mansūr al-Khāzini or simply al-Khāzini (flourished 1115–1130) was an Iranian astronomer, during the Seljuk Empire.

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Alain Aspect

Alain Aspect (born 15 June 1947) is a French physicist noted for his experimental work on quantum entanglement.

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Albert Abraham Michelson FFRS FRSE (surname pronunciation anglicized as "Michael-son", December 19, 1852 – May 9, 1931) was a Prussian-born American physicist of Jewish descent, known for his work on measuring the speed of light and especially for the Michelson–Morley experiment.

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Alessandro Volta

Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta (18 February 1745 – 5 March 1827) was an Italian physicist and chemist who was a pioneer of electricity and power and is credited as the inventor of the electric battery and the discoverer of methane.

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Andre Geim

Sir Andre Konstantin Geim (Андре́й Константи́нович Гейм; born 21 October 1958; IPA1 pronunciation: ɑːndreɪ gaɪm) is a Russian-born Dutch–British physicist working in England in the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester.

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Anton Zeilinger

Anton Zeilinger (born 20 May 1945) is an Austrian quantum physicist and Nobel laureate in physics of 2022.

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Archimedes

Archimedes of Syracuse was an Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor from the ancient city of Syracuse in Sicily.

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Arthur Compton

Arthur Holly Compton (September 10, 1892 – March 15, 1962) was an American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1927 for his 1923 discovery of the Compton effect, which demonstrated the particle nature of electromagnetic radiation.

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Astronomical object

An astronomical object, celestial object, stellar object or heavenly body is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists within the observable universe.

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Astrophysics

Astrophysics is a science that employs the methods and principles of physics and chemistry in the study of astronomical objects and phenomena.

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Augustin-Jean Fresnel

Augustin-Jean Fresnel (10 May 1788 – 14 July 1827) was a French civil engineer and physicist whose research in optics led to the almost unanimous acceptance of the wave theory of light, excluding any remnant of Newton's corpuscular theory, from the late 1830s until the end of the 19th century.

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Barry Barish

Barry Clark Barish (born January 27, 1936) is an American experimental physicist and Nobel Laureate.

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Bell test

A Bell test, also known as Bell inequality test or Bell experiment, is a real-world physics experiment designed to test the theory of quantum mechanics in relation to Albert Einstein's concept of local realism.

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Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin (April 17, 1790) was an American polymath: a leading writer, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, printer, publisher and political philosopher.

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Benjamin Thompson

Colonel Sir Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford, FRS (March 26, 1753August 21, 1814) was an American-born British military officer, scientist, inventor and nobleman.

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Blaise Pascal

Blaise Pascal (19 June 1623 – 19 August 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, and Catholic writer.

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Brookhaven National Laboratory

Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) is a United States Department of Energy national laboratory located in Upton, Long Island, a hamlet of the Town of Brookhaven.

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C. V. Raman

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (7 November 188821 November 1970) was an Indian physicist known for his work in the field of light scattering.

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Carl David Anderson

Carl David Anderson (September 3, 1905 – January 11, 1991) was an American physicist.

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Carl Friedrich Gauss

Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (Gauß; Carolus Fridericus Gauss; 30 April 177723 February 1855) was a German mathematician, astronomer, geodesist, and physicist who contributed to many fields in mathematics and science.

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Carlo Rubbia

Carlo Rubbia (born 31 March 1934) is an Italian particle physicist and inventor who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1984 with Simon van der Meer for work leading to the discovery of the W and Z particles at CERN.

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Cavendish experiment

The Cavendish experiment, performed in 1797–1798 by English scientist Henry Cavendish, was the first experiment to measure the force of gravity between masses in the laboratory and the first to yield accurate values for the gravitational constant.

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CERN

The European Organization for Nuclear Research, known as CERN (Conseil européen pour la Recherche nucléaire), is an intergovernmental organization that operates the largest particle physics laboratory in the world.

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Charles Drummond Ellis

Sir Charles Drummond Ellis (b. Hampstead, 11 August 1895; died Cookham 10 January 1980) was an English physicist and scientific administrator.

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Charles H. Townes

Charles Hard Townes (July 28, 1915 – January 27, 2015) was an American physicist.

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Chicago Pile-1

Chicago Pile-1 (CP-1) was the world's first artificial nuclear reactor.

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Chien-Shiung Wu

Chien-Shiung Wu (w; May 31, 1912 – February 16, 1997) was a Chinese-American particle and experimental physicist who made significant contributions in the fields of nuclear and particle physics.

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Christiaan Huygens

Christiaan Huygens, Lord of Zeelhem, (also spelled Huyghens; Hugenius; 14 April 1629 – 8 July 1695) was a Dutch mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor who is regarded as a key figure in the Scientific Revolution.

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Classical mechanics

Classical mechanics is a physical theory describing the motion of objects such as projectiles, parts of machinery, spacecraft, planets, stars, and galaxies.

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Clinton Davisson

Clinton Joseph Davisson (October 22, 1881 – February 1, 1958) was an American physicist who won the 1937 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of electron diffraction in the famous Davisson–Germer experiment.

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Collider

A collider is a type of particle accelerator that brings two opposing particle beams together such that the particles collide.

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Cowan–Reines neutrino experiment

The Cowan–Reines neutrino experiment was conducted by physicists Clyde Cowan and Frederick Reines in 1956.

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Crystallography

Crystallography is the branch of science devoted to the study of molecular and crystalline structure and properties.

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Daniel Bernoulli

Daniel Bernoulli (– 27 March 1782) was a Swiss mathematician and physicist and was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family from Basel.

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Davisson–Germer experiment

The Davisson–Germer experiment was a 1923–1927 experiment by Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer at Western Electric (later Bell Labs), in which electrons, scattered by the surface of a crystal of nickel metal, displayed a diffraction pattern.

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Delayed-choice quantum eraser

A delayed-choice quantum eraser experiment, first performed by Yoon-Ho Kim, R. Yu, S. P. Kulik, Y. H. Shih and Marlan O. Scully, and reported in early 1998, is an elaboration on the quantum eraser experiment that incorporates concepts considered in John Archibald Wheeler's delayed-choice experiment.

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DESY

DESY, short for Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (English: German Electron Synchrotron), is a national research centre for fundamental science located in Hamburg and Zeuthen near Berlin in Germany.

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Dorothy Hodgkin

Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin (née Crowfoot; 12 May 1910 – 29 July 1994) was a Nobel Prize-winning English chemist who advanced the technique of X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of biomolecules, which became essential for structural biology.

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Double-slit experiment

In modern physics, the double-slit experiment demonstrates that light and matter can satisfy the seemingly incongruous classical definitions for both waves and particles.

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Early modern Europe

Early modern Europe, also referred to as the post-medieval period, is the period of European history between the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, roughly the mid 15th century to the late 18th century.

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Eötvös experiment

The Eötvös experiment was a famous physics experiment that measured the correlation between inertial mass and gravitational mass, demonstrating that the two were one and the same, something that had long been suspected but never demonstrated with the same accuracy.

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Eddington experiment

The Eddington experiment was an observational test of general relativity, organised by the British astronomers Frank Watson Dyson and Arthur Stanley Eddington in 1919.

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Electric charge

Electric charge (symbol q, sometimes Q) is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.

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Electric current

An electric current is a flow of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, moving through an electrical conductor or space.

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Electricity

Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter possessing an electric charge.

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Electromagnetic radiation

In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EMR) consists of waves of the electromagnetic (EM) field, which propagate through space and carry momentum and electromagnetic radiant energy.

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Electron

The electron (or in nuclear reactions) is a subatomic particle with a negative one elementary electric charge.

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Ellipsometry

Ellipsometry is an optical technique for investigating the dielectric properties (complex refractive index or dielectric function) of thin films.

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Energy

Energy is the quantitative property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of work and in the form of heat and light.

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Engineering

Engineering is the practice of using natural science, mathematics, and the engineering design process to solve technical problems, increase efficiency and productivity, and improve systems.

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Enrico Fermi

Enrico Fermi (29 September 1901 – 28 November 1954) was an Italian and naturalized American physicist, renowned for being the creator of the world's first nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1, and a member of the Manhattan Project.

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Ernest Lawrence

Ernest Orlando Lawrence (August 8, 1901 – August 27, 1958) was an American nuclear physicist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1939 for his invention of the cyclotron.

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Ernest Rutherford

Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937) was a New Zealand physicist who was a pioneering researcher in both atomic and nuclear physics.

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Ernst Mach

Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach (18 February 1838 – 19 February 1916) was an Austrian physicist and philosopher, who contributed to the physics of shock waves.

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Ernst Ruska

Ernst August Friedrich Ruska (25 December 1906 – 27 May 1988) was a German physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986 for his work in electron optics, including the design of the first electron microscope.

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Evangelista Torricelli

Evangelista Torricelli (15 October 160825 October 1647) was an Italian physicist and mathematician, and a student of Galileo.

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Experiment

An experiment is a procedure carried out to support or refute a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of something previously untried.

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Faraday cage

A Faraday cage or Faraday shield is an enclosure used to block some electromagnetic fields.

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Felix Bloch

Felix Bloch (23 October 1905 – 10 September 1983) was a Swiss-American physicist and Nobel physics laureate who worked mainly in the U.S. He and Edward Mills Purcell were awarded the 1952 Nobel Prize for Physics for "their development of new ways and methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements."Sohlman, M (Ed.) Nobel Foundation directory 2003.

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Fizeau experiment

The Fizeau experiment was carried out by Hippolyte Fizeau in 1851 to measure the relative speeds of light in moving water.

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Fluid dynamics

In physics, physical chemistry and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluids—liquids and gases.

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Foucault pendulum

The Foucault pendulum or Foucault's pendulum is a simple device named after French physicist Léon Foucault, conceived as an experiment to demonstrate the Earth's rotation.

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Franck–Hertz experiment

The Franck–Hertz experiment was the first electrical measurement to clearly show the quantum nature of atoms, and thus "transformed our understanding of the world".

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Fundamental interaction

In physics, the fundamental interactions or fundamental forces are the interactions that do not appear to be reducible to more basic interactions.

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Galileo Galilei

Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei (15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642), commonly referred to as Galileo Galilei or simply Galileo, was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath.

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Geneva

Geneva (Genève)Genf; Ginevra; Genevra.

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Gerd Binnig

Gerd Binnig (born 20 July 1947) is a German physicist.

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Gold

Gold is a chemical element; it has symbol Au (from the Latin word aurum) and atomic number 79.

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Gravity

In physics, gravity is a fundamental interaction which causes mutual attraction between all things that have mass.

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Gravity Probe A

Gravity Probe A (GP-A) was a space-based experiment to test the equivalence principle, a feature of Einstein's theory of relativity.

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Gravity Probe B

Gravity Probe B (GP-B) was a satellite-based experiment to test two unverified predictions of general relativity: the geodetic effect and frame-dragging.

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Hadron

In particle physics, a hadron is a composite subatomic particle made of two or more quarks held together by the strong interaction.

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Hafele–Keating experiment

The Hafele–Keating experiment was a test of the theory of relativity.

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Hamburg

Hamburg (Hamborg), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg,.

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Hans Christian Ørsted

Hans Christian Ørsted (often rendered Oersted in English; 14 August 17779 March 1851) was a Danish physicist and chemist who discovered that electric currents create magnetic fields, which was the first connection found between electricity and magnetism.

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Hans Geiger

Johannes Wilhelm "Hans" Geiger (30 September 1882 – 24 September 1945) was a German physicist.

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Heike Kamerlingh Onnes

Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (21 September 185321 February 1926) was a Dutch physicist and Nobel laureate.

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Heinrich Hertz

Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (22 February 1857 – 1 January 1894) was a German physicist who first conclusively proved the existence of the electromagnetic waves predicted by James Clerk Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism.

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Henri Becquerel

Antoine Henri Becquerel (15 December 1852 – 25 August 1908) was a French engineer, physicist, Nobel laureate, and the first person to discover radioactivity.

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Henry Cavendish

Henry Cavendish (10 October 1731 – 24 February 1810) was an English natural philosopher and scientist who was an important experimental and theoretical chemist and physicist.

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HERA (particle accelerator)

HERA (Hadron-Elektron-Ringanlage, Hadron–Electron Ring Accelerator) was a particle accelerator at DESY in Hamburg.

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History of atomic theory

Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms.

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Homestake experiment

The Homestake experiment (sometimes referred to as the Davis experiment or Solar Neutrino Experiment and in original literature called Brookhaven Solar Neutrino Experiment or Brookhaven 37Cl (Chlorine) Experiment) was an experiment headed by astrophysicists Raymond Davis, Jr. and John N. Bahcall in the late 1960s.

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Hubble Space Telescope

The Hubble Space Telescope (often referred to as HST or Hubble) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation.

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Humphry Davy

Sir Humphry Davy, 1st Baronet, (17 December 177829 May 1829) was a British chemist and inventor who invented the Davy lamp and a very early form of arc lamp.

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Ibn al-Haytham

Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham (Latinized as Alhazen;; full name أبو علي، الحسن بن الحسن بن الهيثم) was a medieval mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age from present-day Iraq.

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Inertia

Inertia is the tendency of objects in motion to stay in motion and objects at rest to stay at rest, unless a force causes its speed or direction to change.

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Instrumentation

Instrumentation is a collective term for measuring instruments, used for indicating, measuring, and recording physical quantities.

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Interferometry

Interferometry is a technique which uses the interference of superimposed waves to extract information.

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Isaac Newton

Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author who was described in his time as a natural philosopher.

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J. J. Thomson

Sir Joseph John Thomson (18 December 1856 – 30 August 1940) was a British physicist and Nobel Laureate in Physics, credited with the discovery of the electron, the first subatomic particle to be found.

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Jagadish Chandra Bose

Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose (30 November 1858 – 23 November 1937) was a polymath with interests in biology, physics, botany and writing science fiction.

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James Chadwick

Sir James Chadwick, (20 October 1891 – 24 July 1974) was an English physicist who was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the neutron in 1932.

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James Clerk Maxwell

James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish physicist with broad interests who was responsible for the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, which was the first theory to describe electricity, magnetism and light as different manifestations of the same phenomenon.

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James E. Webb

James Edwin Webb (October 7, 1906 – March 27, 1992) was an American government official who served as Undersecretary of State from 1949 to 1952.

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James Prescott Joule

James Prescott Joule (24 December 1818 11 October 1889) was an English physicist, mathematician and brewer, born in Salford, Lancashire.

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James Webb Space Telescope

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space telescope designed to conduct infrared astronomy.

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Johannes Kepler

Johannes Kepler (27 December 1571 – 15 November 1630) was a German astronomer, mathematician, astrologer, natural philosopher and writer on music.

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John Bardeen

John Bardeen; May 23, 1908 – January 30, 1991) was an American physicist and electrical engineer. He is the only person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics twice: first in 1956 with William Shockley and Walter Brattain for the invention of the transistor; and again in 1972 with Leon N. Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer for a fundamental theory of conventional superconductivity known as the BCS theory.

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John Cockcroft

Sir John Douglas Cockcroft (27 May 1897 – 18 September 1967) was an English physicist who shared with Ernest Walton the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1951 for splitting the atomic nucleus, and was instrumental in the development of nuclear power.

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John Dalton

John Dalton (5 or 6 September 1766 – 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, physicist and meteorologist.

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John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh

John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, (12 November 1842 – 30 June 1919) was a British mathematician and physicist who made extensive contributions to science.

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Joseph Priestley

Joseph Priestley (24 March 1733 – 6 February 1804) was an English chemist, Unitarian, natural philosopher, separatist theologian, grammarian, multi-subject educator, liberal political theorist.

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Karl Ferdinand Braun

Karl Ferdinand Braun (6 June 1850 – 20 April 1918) was a German electrical engineer, inventor, physicist and Nobel laureate in physics.

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Kite experiment

The kite experiment is a scientific experiment in which a kite with a pointed conductive wire attached to its apex is flown near thunder clouds to collect static electricity from the air and conduct it down the wet kite string to the ground.

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Laboratory

A laboratory (colloquially lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed.

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Large Hadron Collider

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and highest-energy particle collider.

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Laser cooling

Laser cooling includes several techniques where atoms, molecules, and small mechanical systems are cooled with laser light.

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Laura Bassi

Laura Maria Caterina Bassi Veratti (29 October 1711 – 20 February 1778) was an Italian physicist and academic.

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Lawrence Bragg

Sir William Lawrence Bragg, (31 March 1890 – 1 July 1971) was an Australian-born British physicist and X-ray crystallographer, discoverer (1912) of Bragg's law of X-ray diffraction, which is basic for the determination of crystal structure.

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Lene Hau

Lene Vestergaard Hau (born November 13, 1959) is a Danish physicist and educator.

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Light

Light, visible light, or visible radiation is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye.

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LIGO

The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) is a large-scale physics experiment and observatory designed to detect cosmic gravitational waves and to develop gravitational-wave observations as an astronomical tool.

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Lise Meitner

Lise Meitner (born Elise Meitner, 7 November 1878 – 27 October 1968) was an Austrian physicist who was instrumental in the discovery of protactinium and nuclear fission.

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Livingston, Louisiana

Livingston is the parish seat of Livingston Parish, Louisiana, United States.

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Lord Kelvin

William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, (26 June 182417 December 1907) was a British mathematician, mathematical physicist and engineer born in Belfast.

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Ludwig Boltzmann

Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (20 February 1844 – 5 September 1906) was an Austrian physicist and philosopher.

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Luis Walter Alvarez

Luis Walter Alvarez (June 13, 1911 – September 1, 1988) was an American experimental physicist, inventor, and professor who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1968 for his discovery of resonance states in particle physics using the hydrogen bubble chamber.

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Marie Curie

Maria Salomea Skłodowska-Curie (7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934), known simply as Marie Curie, was a Polish and naturalised-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity.

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Max von Laue

Max Theodor Felix von Laue (9 October 1879 – 24 April 1960) was a German physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1914 for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals.

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Maxwell's equations

Maxwell's equations, or Maxwell–Heaviside equations, are a set of coupled partial differential equations that, together with the Lorentz force law, form the foundation of classical electromagnetism, classical optics, electric and magnetic circuits.

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Michael Faraday

Michael Faraday (22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867) was an English scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry.

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Michelson–Morley experiment

The Michelson–Morley experiment was an attempt to measure the motion of the Earth relative to the luminiferous aether, a supposed medium permeating space that was thought to be the carrier of light waves.

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Mildred Dresselhaus

Mildred Dresselhaus as a member of National Academy of Engineering in Electronics, Communication & Information Systems Engineering and Materials Engineering for contributions to the experimental studies of metals and semimetals, and to education.

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Mississippi State Axion Search

Mississippi State Axion Search is the first of its kind light shining through the wall experiment designed to operate using a continuous radio wave emitter as the source of photons.

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Momentum

In Newtonian mechanics, momentum (momenta or momentums; more specifically linear momentum or translational momentum) is the product of the mass and velocity of an object.

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Natural experiment

A natural experiment is a study in which individuals (or clusters of individuals) are exposed to the experimental and control conditions that are determined by nature or by other factors outside the control of the investigators.

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Neutron scattering

Neutron scattering, the irregular dispersal of free neutrons by matter, can refer to either the naturally occurring physical process itself or to the man-made experimental techniques that use the natural process for investigating materials.

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Newton's law of universal gravitation

Newton's law of universal gravitation says that every particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a force that is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.

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Newton's laws of motion

Newton's laws of motion are three physical laws that describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it.

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Nicolaas Bloembergen

Nicolaas Bloembergen (March 11, 1920 – September 5, 2017) was a Dutch-American physicist and Nobel laureate, recognized for his work in developing driving principles behind nonlinear optics for laser spectroscopy.

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Nuclear magnetic resonance

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a physical phenomenon in which nuclei in a strong constant magnetic field are perturbed by a weak oscillating magnetic field (in the near field) and respond by producing an electromagnetic signal with a frequency characteristic of the magnetic field at the nucleus.

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Observation

Observation in the natural sciences is an act or instance of noticing or perceiving and the acquisition of information from a primary source.

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Oil drop experiment

The oil drop experiment was performed by Robert A. Millikan and Harvey Fletcher in 1909 to measure the elementary electric charge (the charge of the electron).

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Ole Rømer

Ole Christensen Rømer (25 September 1644 – 19 September 1710) was a Danish astronomer who, in 1676, first demonstrated that light travels at a finite speed.

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Owen Chamberlain

Owen Chamberlain (July 10, 1920 – February 28, 2006) was an American physicist who shared with Emilio Segrè the Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of the antiproton, a sub-atomic antiparticle.

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Patrick Blackett

Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett, Baron Blackett, (18 November 1897 – 13 July 1974), was a British experimental physicist known for his work on cloud chambers, cosmic rays, and paleomagnetism, awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1948.

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Pavel Cherenkov

Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov (Па́вел Алексе́евич Черенко́в; July 28, 1904 – January 6, 1990) was a Soviet physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in physics in 1958 with Ilya Frank and Igor Tamm for the discovery of Cherenkov radiation, made in 1934.

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Phenomenon

A phenomenon (phenomena), sometimes spelled phaenomenon, is an observable event.

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Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica

Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (English: The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy) often referred to as simply the Principia, is a book by Isaac Newton that expounds Newton's laws of motion and his law of universal gravitation.

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Physics

Physics is the natural science of matter, involving the study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force.

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Pierre Curie

Pierre Curie (15 May 1859 – 19 April 1906) was a French physicist, a pioneer in crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectricity, and radioactivity.

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Pierre-Simon Laplace

Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace (23 March 1749 – 5 March 1827) was a French scholar whose work was important to the development of engineering, mathematics, statistics, physics, astronomy, and philosophy.

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Positron

The positron or antielectron is the particle with an electric charge of +1e, a spin of 1/2 (the same as the electron), and the same mass as an electron.

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Proton

A proton is a stable subatomic particle, symbol, H+, or 1H+ with a positive electric charge of +1 e (elementary charge).

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Pulse programming

Pulse programming in the field of experimental physics refers to engineering sinusoidal electromagnetic waveforms to have programmable frequencies, phases, and amplitudes.

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Pyotr Kapitsa

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa or Peter Kapitza (Пётр Леонидович Капица, Petre Capița; – 8 April 1984) was a leading Soviet physicist and Nobel laureate, whose research focused on low-temperature physics.

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Rainer Weiss

Rainer "Rai" Weiss (born September 29, 1932) is a German-born American physicist, known for his contributions in gravitational physics and astrophysics.

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Raman spectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy (named after physicist C. V. Raman) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed.

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Rømer's determination of the speed of light

Rømer's determination of the speed of light was the demonstration in 1676 that light has an apprehensible, measurable speed and so does not travel instantaneously.

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Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) is the first and one of only two operating heavy-ion colliders, and the only spin-polarized proton collider ever built.

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Richland, Washington

Richland is a city in Benton County, Washington, United States.

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Robert Andrews Millikan

Robert Andrews Millikan (March 22, 1868 – December 19, 1953) was an American experimental physicist who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1923 for the measurement of the elementary electric charge and for his work on the photoelectric effect.

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Robert Boyle

Robert Boyle (25 January 1627 – 31 December 1691) was an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, alchemist and inventor.

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Robert Hooke

Robert Hooke (18 July 16353 March 1703) was an English polymath who was active as a physicist ("natural philosopher"), astronomer, geologist, meteorologist and architect.

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Rosalind Franklin

Rosalind Elsie Franklin (25 July 192016 April 1958) was a British chemist and X-ray crystallographer whose work was central to the understanding of the molecular structures of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA (ribonucleic acid), viruses, coal, and graphite.

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Royal Society

The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences.

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Rutherford scattering experiments

The Rutherford scattering experiments were a landmark series of experiments by which scientists learned that every atom has a nucleus where all of its positive charge and most of its mass is concentrated.

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Samar Mubarakmand

Samar Mubarakmand (Urdu:; b. 17 September 1942) is a Pakistani nuclear physicist known for his research in gamma spectroscopy and experimental development of the linear accelerator.

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Scanning tunneling microscope

A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is a type of scanning probe microscope used for imaging surfaces at the atomic level.

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Scientific control

A scientific control is an experiment or observation designed to minimize the effects of variables other than the independent variable (i.e. confounding variables).

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Scientific law

Scientific laws or laws of science are statements, based on repeated experiments or observations, that describe or predict a range of natural phenomena.

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Scientific Revolution

The Scientific Revolution was a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy) and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature.

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Serge Haroche

Serge Haroche (born 11 September 1944) is a French physicist who was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Physics jointly with David J. Wineland for "ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems", a study of the particle of light, the photon.

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Signal processing

Signal processing is an electrical engineering subfield that focuses on analyzing, modifying and synthesizing signals, such as sound, images, potential fields, seismic signals, altimetry processing, and scientific measurements.

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Spectroscopy

Spectroscopy is the field of study that measures and interprets electromagnetic spectra.

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Statistical mechanics

In physics, statistical mechanics is a mathematical framework that applies statistical methods and probability theory to large assemblies of microscopic entities.

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Stephen Gray (scientist)

Stephen Gray (December 1666 – 7 February 1736) was an English dyer and astronomer who was the first to systematically experiment with electrical conduction.

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Stern–Gerlach experiment

In quantum physics, the Stern–Gerlach experiment demonstrated that the spatial orientation of angular momentum is quantized.

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Steven Chu

Steven Chu in atomic physics and laser spectroscopy, including the first observation of parity non-conservation in atoms, excitation and precision spectroscopy of positronium, and the optical confinement and cooling of atoms.

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Theoretical physics

Theoretical physics is a branch of physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems to rationalize, explain, and predict natural phenomena.

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Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with heat, work, and temperature, and their relation to energy, entropy, and the physical properties of matter and radiation.

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Thomas Young (scientist)

Thomas Young FRS (13 June 177310 May 1829) was a British polymath who made notable contributions to the fields of vision, light, solid mechanics, energy, physiology, language, musical harmony, and Egyptology.

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Thought experiment

A thought experiment is a hypothetical situation in which a hypothesis, theory, or principle is laid out for the purpose of thinking through its consequences.

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Timeline of atomic and subatomic physics

A timeline of atomic and subatomic physics, including particle physics.

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Timeline of classical mechanics

The following is a timeline of classical mechanics.

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Timeline of electromagnetism and classical optics

Timeline of electromagnetism and classical optics lists, within the history of electromagnetism, the associated theories, technology, and events.

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Timeline of gravitational physics and relativity

The following is a timeline of gravitational physics and general relativity.

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Timeline of nuclear fusion

This timeline of nuclear fusion is an incomplete chronological summary of significant events in the study and use of nuclear fusion.

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Timeline of particle discoveries

This is a timeline of subatomic particle discoveries, including all particles thus far discovered which appear to be elementary (that is, indivisible) given the best available evidence.

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Timeline of particle physics technology

Timeline of particle physics technology.

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Timeline of states of matter and phase transitions

This is a timeline of states of matter and phase transitions, specifically discoveries related to either of these topics.

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Timeline of thermodynamics

A timeline of events in the history of thermodynamics.

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Torricelli's experiment

Torricelli's experiment was invented in Pisa in 1643 by the Italian scientist Evangelista Torricelli (1608-1647).

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Two New Sciences

The Discourses and Mathematical Demonstrations Relating to Two New Sciences (Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche intorno a due nuove scienze) published in 1638 was Galileo Galilei's final book and a scientific testament covering much of his work in physics over the preceding thirty years.

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Ukichiro Nakaya

was a Japanese physicist and science essayist known for his work in glaciology and low-temperature sciences.

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Vera Rubin

Vera Florence Cooper Rubin (July 23, 1928 – December 25, 2016) was an American astronomer who pioneered work on galaxy rotation rates.

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Walter Houser Brattain

Walter Houser Brattain (February 10, 1902 – October 13, 1987) was an American physicist at Bell Labs who, along with fellow scientists John Bardeen and William Shockley, invented the point-contact transistor in December 1947.

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Washington (state)

Washington, officially the State of Washington, is the westernmost state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.

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Wilhelm Röntgen

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (27 March 184510 February 1923) was a German mechanical engineer and physicist, who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays or Röntgen rays, an achievement that earned him the inaugural Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.

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William Henry Bragg

Sir William Henry Bragg (2 July 1862 – 12 March 1942) was an English physicist, chemist, mathematician, and active sportsman who uniquelyThis is still a unique accomplishment, because no other parent-child combination has yet shared a Nobel Prize (in any field).

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William Herschel

Frederick William Herschel (Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel; 15 November 1738 – 25 August 1822) was a German-British astronomer and composer.

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William Shockley

William Bradford Shockley Jr. (February 13, 1910 – August 12, 1989) was an American inventor, physicist, and eugenicist.

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Willis Lamb

Willis Eugene Lamb Jr. (July 12, 1913 – May 15, 2008) was an American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1955 "for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum." The Nobel Committee that year awarded half the prize to Lamb and the other half to Polykarp Kusch, who won "for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron." Lamb was able to precisely determine a surprising shift in electron energies in a hydrogen atom (see Lamb shift).

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_physics

Also known as Experimental Physicist, History of experimental physics.

, Energy, Engineering, Enrico Fermi, Ernest Lawrence, Ernest Rutherford, Ernst Mach, Ernst Ruska, Evangelista Torricelli, Experiment, Faraday cage, Felix Bloch, Fizeau experiment, Fluid dynamics, Foucault pendulum, Franck–Hertz experiment, Fundamental interaction, Galileo Galilei, Geneva, Gerd Binnig, Gold, Gravity, Gravity Probe A, Gravity Probe B, Hadron, Hafele–Keating experiment, Hamburg, Hans Christian Ørsted, Hans Geiger, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Heinrich Hertz, Henri Becquerel, Henry Cavendish, HERA (particle accelerator), History of atomic theory, Homestake experiment, Hubble Space Telescope, Humphry Davy, Ibn al-Haytham, Inertia, Instrumentation, Interferometry, Isaac Newton, J. J. Thomson, Jagadish Chandra Bose, James Chadwick, James Clerk Maxwell, James E. Webb, James Prescott Joule, James Webb Space Telescope, Johannes Kepler, John Bardeen, John Cockcroft, John Dalton, John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, Joseph Priestley, Karl Ferdinand Braun, Kite experiment, Laboratory, Large Hadron Collider, Laser cooling, Laura Bassi, Lawrence Bragg, Lene Hau, Light, LIGO, Lise Meitner, Livingston, Louisiana, Lord Kelvin, Ludwig Boltzmann, Luis Walter Alvarez, Marie Curie, Max von Laue, Maxwell's equations, Michael Faraday, Michelson–Morley experiment, Mildred Dresselhaus, Mississippi State Axion Search, Momentum, Natural experiment, Neutron scattering, Newton's law of universal gravitation, Newton's laws of motion, Nicolaas Bloembergen, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Observation, Oil drop experiment, Ole Rømer, Owen Chamberlain, Patrick Blackett, Pavel Cherenkov, Phenomenon, Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, Physics, Pierre Curie, Pierre-Simon Laplace, Positron, Proton, Pulse programming, Pyotr Kapitsa, Rainer Weiss, Raman spectroscopy, Rømer's determination of the speed of light, Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, Richland, Washington, Robert Andrews Millikan, Robert Boyle, Robert Hooke, Rosalind Franklin, Royal Society, Rutherford scattering experiments, Samar Mubarakmand, Scanning tunneling microscope, Scientific control, Scientific law, Scientific Revolution, Serge Haroche, Signal processing, Spectroscopy, Statistical mechanics, Stephen Gray (scientist), Stern–Gerlach experiment, Steven Chu, Theoretical physics, Thermodynamics, Thomas Young (scientist), Thought experiment, Timeline of atomic and subatomic physics, Timeline of classical mechanics, Timeline of electromagnetism and classical optics, Timeline of gravitational physics and relativity, Timeline of nuclear fusion, Timeline of particle discoveries, Timeline of particle physics technology, Timeline of states of matter and phase transitions, Timeline of thermodynamics, Torricelli's experiment, Two New Sciences, Ukichiro Nakaya, Vera Rubin, Walter Houser Brattain, Washington (state), Wilhelm Röntgen, William Henry Bragg, William Herschel, William Shockley, Willis Lamb, Wolfgang Ketterle, Wu experiment, X-ray spectroscopy.

Experimental physics, the Glossary

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