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Exploration of the Pacific, the Glossary

Early Polynesian explorers reached nearly all Pacific islands by 1200 CE, followed by Asian navigation in Southeast Asia and the West Pacific.^[1]

248 relations: Abel Tasman, Adam Johann von Krusenstern, Adams–Onís Treaty, Admiralty chart, Admiralty Islands, Afonso de Albuquerque, Age of Discovery, Aleksei Chirikov, Aleutian Islands, Alexander Mackenzie (explorer), Alexander von Humboldt, Alonso de Salazar, Alta California, Amur, Amur Annexation, Andrés de Urdaneta, Andreas Daum, Anson Archipelago, Antarctica, António de Abreu, Asia–Pacific, Attu Island, Australia, Austronesian languages, Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira, Baja California, Basques, Bering Strait, Bernardo de la Torre, Bismarck Archipelago, Bonin Islands, Brouwer Route, Butaritari, Cape Horn, Capture of Malacca (1511), Caroline Islands, Chatham Islands, Chichimeca, Clipper, Colonisation of Oceania, Cook Islands, Denis Diderot, Diogo da Rocha, Diogo Ribeiro, Dionisio Alcalá Galiano, Dirk Hartog, Drakes Bay, Dutch Republic, Early knowledge of the Pacific Northwest, East Africa, ... Expand index (198 more) »
Exploration
Exploration of Oceania
History of the Pacific Ocean

Abel Tasman

Abel Janszoon Tasman (160310 October 1659) was a Dutch seafarer and explorer, best known for his voyages of 1642 and 1644 in the service of the Dutch East India Company (VOC).

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Adam Johann von Krusenstern (Ivan Fyodorovich Kruzenshtern; 10 October 177012 August 1846) was a Russian admiral and explorer of Baltic German descent, who led the first Russian circumnavigation of the Earth in 1803–1806.

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Adams–Onís Treaty

The Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819, also known as the Transcontinental Treaty, the Spanish Cession, the Florida Purchase Treaty, or the Florida Treaty,Weeks, p. 168.

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Admiralty chart

Admiralty charts are nautical charts issued by the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (UKHO) and subject to Crown Copyright.

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Admiralty Islands

The Admiralty Islands are an archipelago group of 40 islands in the Bismarck Archipelago, to the north of New Guinea in the South Pacific Ocean.

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Afonso de Albuquerque

Afonso de Albuquerque, 1st Duke of Goa (– 16 December 1515), was a Portuguese general, admiral, and statesman.

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Age of Discovery

The Age of Discovery, also known as the Age of Exploration, was part of the early modern period and largely overlapping with the Age of Sail. Exploration of the Pacific and Age of Discovery are exploration.

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Aleksei Chirikov

Aleksei Ilyich Chirikov (Алексе́й Ильи́ч Чи́риков; 1703 – November 14, 1748) was a Russian navigator and captain who, along with Vitus Bering, was the first Russian to reach the northwest coast of North America.

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Aleutian Islands

The Aleutian Islands (Unangam Tanangin, "land of the Aleuts"; possibly from the Chukchi aliat, or "island")—also called the Aleut Islands, Aleutic Islands, or, before 1867, the Catherine Archipelago—are a chain of 14 main, larger volcanic islands and 55 smaller ones.

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Alexander Mackenzie (explorer)

Sir Alexander Mackenzie (– 12 March 1820) was a Scottish explorer and fur trader known for accomplishing the first crossing of North America by a European in 1793.

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Alexander von Humboldt

Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 1769 – 6 May 1859) was a German polymath, geographer, naturalist, explorer, and proponent of Romantic philosophy and science.

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Alonso de Salazar

Toribio Alonso de Salazar (died 5 September 1526) was a Spanish navigator of Basque origin, who was the first Westerner to arrive on the Marshall Islands on 21 August 1526.

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Alta California

Alta California ('Upper California'), also known as Nueva California ('New California') among other names, was a province of New Spain formally established in 1804.

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Amur

The Amur River (река Амур) or Heilong River is a perennial river in Northeast Asia, forming the natural border between the Russian Far East and Northeast China (historically the Outer and Inner Manchuria). The Amur proper is long, and has a drainage basin of., Great Soviet Encyclopedia If including its main stem tributary, the Argun, the Amur is long, making it the world's tenth longest river.

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Amur Annexation

Between 1858 and 1860, the Russian Empire annexed territories adjoining the Amur River belonging to the Chinese Qing dynasty through the imposition of unequal treaties.

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Andrés de Urdaneta

Andrés de Urdaneta (1508 – June 3, 1568) was a maritime explorer for the Spanish Empire of Basque heritage, who became an Augustinian friar.

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Andreas Daum

Andreas W. Daum is a German-American historian who specializes in modern German and transatlantic history, as well as the history of knowledge and global exploration.

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Anson Archipelago

The Anson Archipelago was a designation for a widely scattered group of purported islands in the Western North Pacific Ocean between Japan and Hawaii.

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Antarctica

Antarctica is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent.

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António de Abreu

António de Abreu was a 16th-century Portuguese navigator and naval officer.

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Asia–Pacific

The Asia–Pacific (APAC) is the region of the world adjoining the western Pacific Ocean.

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Attu Island

Attu (Atan, Атту) is an island in the Near Islands (part of the Aleutian Islands chain).

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Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.

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Austronesian languages

The Austronesian languages are a language family widely spoken throughout Maritime Southeast Asia, parts of Mainland Southeast Asia, Madagascar, the islands of the Pacific Ocean and Taiwan (by Taiwanese indigenous peoples).

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Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira

Álvaro de Mendaña y Neira (or Neyra) (1 October 1542 – 18 October 1595) was a Spanish navigator, explorer, and cartographer, best known for two of the earliest recorded expeditions across the Pacific Ocean in 1567 and 1595.

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Baja California

Baja California ('Lower California'), officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Baja California (Free and Sovereign State of Baja California), is a state in Mexico.

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Basques

The Basques (or; euskaldunak; vascos; basques) are a Southwestern European ethnic group, characterised by the Basque language, a common culture and shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians.

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Bering Strait

The Bering Strait (Beringov proliv) is a strait between the Pacific and Arctic oceans, separating the Chukchi Peninsula of the Russian Far East from the Seward Peninsula of Alaska.

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Bernardo de la Torre

Bernardo de la Torre or della Torres (died 1545) was a Spanish explorer during the Age of Discovery.

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Bismarck Archipelago

The Bismarck Archipelago is a group of islands off the northeastern coast of New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean and is part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea.

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Bonin Islands

The Bonin Islands, also known as the Ogasawara Islands (小笠原諸島), is a Japanese archipelago of over 30 subtropical and tropical islands located around SSE of Tokyo and northwest of Guam.

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Brouwer Route

The Brouwer Route was a 17th-century route used by ships sailing from the Cape of Good Hope to the Dutch East Indies, as the eastern leg of the Cape Route.

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Butaritari

Butaritari is an atoll in the Pacific Ocean island nation of Kiribati.

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Cape Horn

Cape Horn (Cabo de Hornos) is the southernmost headland of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago of southern Chile, and is located on the small Hornos Island.

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Capture of Malacca (1511)

The Capture of Malacca in 1511 occurred when the governor of Portuguese India Afonso de Albuquerque conquered the city of Malacca in 1511.

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Caroline Islands

The Caroline Islands (or the Carolines) are a widely scattered archipelago of tiny islands in the western Pacific Ocean, to the north of New Guinea.

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Chatham Islands

The Chatham Islands (Moriori: Rēkohu, 'Misty Sun'; Wharekauri) are an archipelago in the Pacific Ocean about east of New Zealand's South Island, administered as part of New Zealand, and consisting of about 10 islands within an approximate radius, the largest of which are Chatham Island and Pitt Island (''Rangiauria'').

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Chichimeca

Chichimeca is the name that the Nahua peoples of Mexico generically applied to nomadic and semi-nomadic peoples who were established in present-day Bajío region of Mexico.

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Clipper

A clipper was a type of mid-19th-century merchant sailing vessel, designed for speed.

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Colonisation of Oceania

The colonisation of Oceania includes.

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Cook Islands

The Cook Islands (Rarotongan: Kūki ‘Airani; Kūki Airani) is an island country in Polynesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean.

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Denis Diderot

Denis Diderot (5 October 171331 July 1784) was a French philosopher, art critic, and writer, best known for serving as co-founder, chief editor, and contributor to the Encyclopédie along with Jean le Rond d'Alembert.

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Diogo da Rocha

Diogo da Rocha was a captain who sailed for the Portuguese in 1525.

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Diogo Ribeiro

Diogo Ribeiro (d. 16 August 1533) was a Portuguese cartographer and explorer who worked most of his life in Spain, where he was known as Diego Ribero.

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Dionisio Alcalá Galiano

Dionisio Alcalá Galiano (8 October 1760 – 21 October 1805) was a Spanish naval officer, cartographer, and explorer.

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Dirk Hartog

Dirk Hartog (baptised 30 October 1580 – buried 11 October 1621) was a 17th-century Dutch sailor and explorer.

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Drakes Bay

Drakes Bay (Coast Miwok: Tamál-Húye) is a wide bay named so by U.S. surveyor George Davidson in 1875 along the Point Reyes National Seashore on the coast of northern California in the United States, approximately northwest of San Francisco at approximately 38 degrees north latitude.

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Dutch Republic

The United Provinces of the Netherlands, officially the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden) and commonly referred to in historiography as the Dutch Republic, was a confederation that existed from 1579 until the Batavian Revolution in 1795.

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Early knowledge of the Pacific Northwest

The Pacific Northwest coast of North America was one of the last coastlines reached by European explorers.

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East Africa

East Africa, also known as Eastern Africa or the East of Africa, is a region at the eastern edge of the African continent, distinguished by its geographical, historical, and cultural landscape.

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Easter Island

Easter Island (Isla de Pascua; Rapa Nui) is an island and special territory of Chile in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania.

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Encyclopédie

Encyclopedia, or a Systematic Dictionary of the Sciences, Arts and Crafts, better known as Encyclopédie, was a general encyclopedia published in France between 1751 and 1772, with later supplements, revised editions, and translations.

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Esteban José Martínez Fernández y Martínez de la Sierra

Esteban José Martínez Fernández y Martínez de la Sierra, or simply José Esteban Martínez (1742–1798) was a Spanish naval officer, navigator and explorer, native of Seville.

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European and American voyages of scientific exploration

The era of European and American voyages of scientific exploration followed the Age of Discovery and were inspired by a new confidence in science and reason that arose in the Age of Enlightenment. Exploration of the Pacific and European and American voyages of scientific exploration are exploration.

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Europeans in Oceania

European exploration and settlement of Oceania began in the 16th century, starting with the Spanish (Castilian) landings and shipwrecks in the Mariana Islands, east of the Philippines.

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Ezo

(also spelled Yezo or Yeso) is the Japanese term historically used to refer to the people and the lands to the northeast of the Japanese island of Honshu.

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Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen

Faddey Faddeyevich Bellingshausen or Fabian Gottlieb Benjamin von Bellingshausen (–) was a Russian cartographer, explorer, and naval officer of Baltic German descent, who attained the rank of admiral.

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Felipe Fernández-Armesto

Felipe Fernández-Armesto (born 1950) is a British professor of history and author of several popular works, notably on cultural and environmental history.

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Ferdinand Magellan

Ferdinand Magellan (1480 – 27 April 1521) was a Portuguese explorer best known for having planned and led the 1519–22 Spanish expedition to the East Indies, which achieved the first circumnavigation of Earth in history.

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Fernão Mendes Pinto

Fernão Mendes Pinto (1509 – 8 July 1583) was a Portuguese explorer and writer.

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Fiji

Fiji (Viti,; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी, Fijī), officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean.

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First Opium War

The First Opium War, also known as the Anglo-Chinese War, was a series of military engagements fought between the British Empire and the Qing dynasty of China between 1839 and 1842.

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Fort Ross, California

Fort Ross (Fort-Ross, krepost' Ross) is a former Russian establishment on the west coast of North America in what is now Sonoma County, California.

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Fort San Miguel

Fort San Miguel was a Spanish fortification at Yuquot (formerly Friendly Cove) on Nootka Island, just west of north-central Vancouver Island.

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Fortún Ximénez

Fortún Ximénez Bertandoña (died 1533) was a Spanish sailor of Basque origin who led a mutiny during an early expedition along the Pacific Coast of Mexico and is the first European known to have landed in the Baja California peninsula.

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Francis Drake

Sir Francis Drake (1540 – 28 January 1596) was an English explorer and privateer best known for his circumnavigation of the world in a single expedition between 1577 and 1580.

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Francis Drake's circumnavigation

Francis Drake's circumnavigation, also known as Drake's Raiding Expedition, was an important historical maritime event that took place between 15 December 1577 and 26 September 1580.

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Francisco de Hoces

Francisco de Hoces (died 1526) was a Spanish sailor who in 1525 joined the Loaísa Expedition to the Spice Islands as commander of the vessel San Lesmes.

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Francisco de Ulloa

Francisco de Ulloa (died 1540) was a Spanish explorer who explored the west coast of present-day Mexico and the Baja California Peninsula under the commission of Hernán Cortés.

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Francisco Pizarro

Francisco Pizarro, Marquess of the Atabillos (– 26 June 1541) was a Spanish conquistador, best known for his expeditions that led to the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire.

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Francisco Serrão

Francisco Serrão (died 1521) was a Portuguese explorer and a possible cousin of Ferdinand Magellan.

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Francisco Vázquez de Coronado

Francisco Vázquez de Coronado (1510 – 22 September 1554) was a Spanish conquistador and explorer who led a large expedition from what is now Mexico to present-day Kansas through parts of the southwestern United States between 1540 and 1542.

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Frederick de Houtman

Frederick de Houtman (– 21 October 1627) was a Dutch explorer, navigator, and colonial governor who sailed on the first Dutch expedition to the East Indies from 1595 until 1597, during which time he made observations of the southern celestial hemisphere and contributed to the creation of 12 new southern constellations.

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García de Nodal expedition

The García de Nodal expedition was chartered in 1619 by King Philip III of Spain to reconnoiter the passage between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, rounding Cape Horn, south of Tierra del Fuego, just discovered by the Dutch merchants Jacob Le Maire and Willem Schouten.

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Gaspar de Portolá

Captain Gaspar de Portolá y Rovira (January 1, 1716 – October 10, 1786) was a Spanish Army officer and colonial administrator who served as the first governor of the Californias from 1767 to 1770.

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Georg Forster

Johann George Adam Forster, also known as Georg Forster (27 November 1754 – 10 January 1794), was a German geographer, naturalist, ethnologist, travel writer, journalist and revolutionary.

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George Vancouver

Captain George Vancouver (22 June 1757 – 10 May 1798) was a British Royal Navy officer best known for his 1791–1795 expedition, which explored and charted North America's northwestern Pacific Coast regions, including the coasts of what are now the Canadian province of British Columbia and the U.S.

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Gilbert Islands

The Gilbert Islands (Tungaru;Reilly Ridgell. Pacific Nations and Territories: The Islands of Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia. 3rd. Ed. Honolulu: Bess Press, 1995. p. 95. formerly Kingsmill or King's-Mill IslandsVery often, this name applied only to the southern islands of the archipelago, the northern half being designated as the Scarborough Islands.

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Gomes de Sequeira

Gomes de Sequeira was a Portuguese explorer in the early 16th century.

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Guam

Guam (Guåhan) is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States in the Micronesia subregion of the western Pacific Ocean.

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Guangzhou

Guangzhou, previously romanized as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of Guangdong province in southern China.

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Hawaii

Hawaii (Hawaii) is an island state of the United States, in the Pacific Ocean about southwest of the U.S. mainland.

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Hawaiian Islands

The Hawaiian Islands (Hawaiian: Mokupuni Hawai‘i) are an archipelago of eight major volcanic islands, several atolls, and numerous smaller islets in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some from the island of Hawaiʻi in the south to northernmost Kure Atoll.

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Hendrick Hamel

Hendrick Hamel (1630 – after 1692) was a Dutch sailor.

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Hirado, Nagasaki

is a city located in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan.

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History of the west coast of North America

The human history of the west coast of North America is believed to stretch back to the arrival of the earliest people over the Bering Strait, or alternately along the ice free coastal islands of British Columbia (See https://triquet.hakai.org/, through the development of significant pre-Columbian cultures and population densities, to the arrival of the European explorers and colonizers. Exploration of the Pacific and history of the west coast of North America are history of the Pacific Ocean.

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Hokkaido

is the second-largest island of Japan and comprises the largest and northernmost prefecture, making up its own region.

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Hong Kong

Hong Kong is a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China.

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Hudson Bay

Hudson Bay, sometimes called Hudson's Bay (usually historically), is a large body of saltwater in northeastern Canada with a surface area of.

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Indonesia

Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans.

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Island of California

The Island of California (Isla de California) refers to a long-held global misconception, dating from the 16th century, that the California region was not part of mainland North America but rather a large island separated from the continent by a strait now known as the Gulf of California.

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Isthmus of Panama

The Isthmus of Panama (Istmo de Panamá), also historically known as the Isthmus of Darien (Istmo de Darién), is the narrow strip of land that lies between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, linking North and South America.

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Ivan Fyodorov (navigator)

Ivan Fyodorov (Ива́н Фёдоров; died) was a Russian navigator and commanding officer of the expedition to northern Alaska in 1732.

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Ivan Moskvitin

Ivan Yuryevich Moskvitin (Иван Юрьевич Москвитин) (? – after 1647) was a Russian explorer, presumably a native of Moscow, who led a Russian reconnaissance party to the Sea of Okhotsk, becoming the first Russian to reach the Pacific Ocean.

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J. H. Parry

John Horace Parry CMG, MBE (Handsworth, Birmingham, England, 26 April 1914 – Cambridge, Massachusetts, 25 August 1982) was a distinguished maritime historian, who served as Gardiner Professor of Oceanic History and Affairs at Harvard University.

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Jacob Roggeveen

Jacob Roggeveen (1 February 1659 – 31 January 1729) was a Dutch explorer who was sent to find Terra Australis and Davis Land, but instead found Easter Island (called so because he landed there on Easter Sunday).

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James Cook

Captain James Cook (– 14 February 1779) was a British explorer, cartographer and naval officer famous for his three voyages between 1768 and 1779 in the Pacific Ocean and to New Zealand and Australia in particular.

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James Hanna (trader)

James Hanna (died 1787) was the first European to sail to the Pacific northwest to trade in furs.

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Jan Carstenszoon

Jan Carstenszoon or more commonly Jan Carstensz was a 17th-century Dutch explorer.

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Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse

Jean François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse (variant spelling: La Pérouse; 23 August 17411788?), often called simply Lapérouse, was a French naval officer and explorer.

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Jean-François de Surville

Jean-François Marie de Surville (18 January 1717 – 8 April 1770) was a merchant captain with the French East India Company.

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João da Gama

João da Gama (c. 1540 – after 1591) was a Portuguese explorer and colonial administrator in the Far East in the last quarter of the 16th century.

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Johann Reinhold Forster

Johann Reinhold Forster (22 October 1729 – 9 December 1798) was a German Reformed (Calvinist) pastor and naturalist who made contributions to the early ornithology of Europe and North America.

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John Byron

Vice-Admiral John Byron (8 November 1723 – 1 April 1786) was a British Royal Navy officer and explorer.

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John Marshall (Royal Navy officer, born 1748)

Captain John Marshall (Jo̧o̧n M̧ajeļ) (26 February 1748 NS (15 February 1747 OS) – 1819) was a British Royal Navy officer and explorer of the Pacific.

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Jorge Álvares

Jorge Álvares (died 8 July 1521) was a Portuguese explorer.

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Jorge de Menezes

Jorge de Menezes (c. 1498 – 1537) was a Portuguese explorer.

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Juan de Fuca

Juan de Fuca (10 June 1536, Cefalonia 23 July 1602, Cefalonia)Greek Consulate of Vancouver, "".

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Juan Fernández (explorer)

Juan Fernández (c. 1536 – c. 1604) was a Spanish explorer and navigator in the Pacific regions of the Viceroyalty of Peru and Captaincy General of Chile west of colonial South America.

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Juan Fernández Islands

The Juan Fernández Islands (Archipiélago Juan Fernández) are a sparsely inhabited series of islands in the South Pacific Ocean reliant on tourism and fishing.

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Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra

Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra (22 May 1743 – 26 March 1794) was a Spanish Criollo naval officer operating in the Americas.

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Juan José Pérez Hernández

Juan José Pérez Hernández (born Joan Perés 1725 – November 3, 1775), often simply Juan Pérez, was an 18th-century Spanish explorer.

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Juan Ladrillero

Juan Ladrillero (b. c. 1490 in Moguer – 1559) was a 16th-century Spanish navigator and explorer who from 1557 to 1559 explored the coast of Chile from Valdivia (39° 48’ S) to the Barbara Channel (54° S, between Clarence Island and Santa Ines Island).

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Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo

Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo; c. 1497 – January 3, 1543) was a Portuguese maritime explorer best known for investigations of the West Coast of North America, undertaken on behalf of the Spanish Empire. He was the first European to explore present-day California, navigating along the coast of California in 1542–1543 on his voyage from New Spain (modern Mexico).

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Juan Sebastián Elcano

Juan Sebastián Elcano (Elkano in modern Basque; sometimes given as del Cano; 1486/1487 – 4 August 1526) was a Spanish navigator, ship-owner and explorer of Basque origin from Getaria, part of the Crown of Castile when he was born, best known for having completed the first circumnavigation of the Earth in the Spanish ship Victoria on the Magellan expedition to the Spice Islands.

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Kamchatka Peninsula

The Kamchatka Peninsula (poluostrov Kamchatka) is a peninsula in the Russian Far East, with an area of about.

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Kenai Peninsula

The Kenai Peninsula (Dena'ina: Yaghenen) is a large peninsula jutting from the coast of Southcentral Alaska.

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Kiritimati

Kiritimati (also known as Christmas Island) is a Pacific Ocean atoll in the northern Line Islands.

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Kodiak Island

Kodiak Island (Qikertaq, Кадьяк) is a large island on the south coast of the U.S. state of Alaska, separated from the Alaska mainland by the Shelikof Strait.

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Kon-Tiki expedition

The Kon-Tiki expedition was a 1947 journey by raft across the Pacific Ocean from South America to the Polynesian islands, led by Norwegian explorer and writer Thor Heyerdahl.

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Kota Tua Jakarta

Kota Tua Jakarta (Indonesian for "Jakarta Old Town"), officially known as Kota Tua, is a neighborhood comprising the original downtown area of Jakarta, Indonesia.

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Kuril Islands

The Kuril Islands or Kurile Islands (p; Japanese: or) are a volcanic archipelago administered as part of Sakhalin Oblast in the Russian Far East.

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Lesser Sunda Islands

The Lesser Sunda Islands (Indonesian: Kepulauan Sunda Kecil, Tetun: Illá Sunda ki'ik sirá; Balinese: Kapuloan Sunda cénik), now known as Nusa Tenggara Islands (Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara, or "Southeast Islands"), are an archipelago in Indonesian archipelago.

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Lewis and Clark Expedition

The Lewis and Clark Expedition, also known as the Corps of Discovery Expedition, was the United States expedition to cross the newly acquired western portion of the country after the Louisiana Purchase.

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Loaísa expedition

The Loaísa expedition was an early 16th-century Spanish voyage of discovery to the Pacific Ocean, commanded by (1490 – 20 July 1526) and ordered by King Charles I of Spain to colonize the Spice Islands in the East Indies.

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Louis Antoine de Bougainville

Louis-Antoine, Comte de Bougainville (12 November 1729 – 31 August 1811) was a French admiral and explorer.

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Luís Vaz de Torres

Luís Vaz de Torres (Galician and Portuguese), or Luis Váez de Torres in the Spanish spelling (born c. 1565; fl. 1607), was a 16th- and 17th-century maritime explorer of a Spanish expedition noted for the first recorded European navigation of the strait that separates the Australian mainland from the island of New Guinea, and which now bears his name (Torres Strait).

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Maarten Gerritszoon Vries

Maarten Gerritszoon Vries or Fries, also referred to as de Vries, (18 February 1589 in Harlingen, Netherlands – late 1647 at sea near Manila) was a 17th-century Dutch cartographer and explorer, the first Western European to leave an account of his visit to Ezo, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands and the Sea of Okhotsk.

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Makin (atoll)

Makin is the name of an atoll, chain of islands, located in the Pacific Ocean island nation of Kiribati.

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Malacca

Malacca (Melaka), officially the Historic State of Malacca (Melaka Negeri Bersejarah), is a state in Malaysia located in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula, facing the Strait of Malacca.

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Malaspina Expedition

The Malaspina Expedition (1789–1794) was a five-year maritime scientific exploration commanded by Alejandro Malaspina and José de Bustamante y Guerra.

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Malay Archipelago

The Malay Archipelago is the archipelago between Mainland Southeast Asia and Australia, and is also called Insulindia or the Indo-Australian Archipelago.

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Malesia

Malesia is a biogeographical region straddling the Equator and the boundaries of the Indomalayan and Australasian realms, and also a phytogeographical floristic region in the Paleotropical Kingdom.

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Maluku Islands

The Maluku Islands (Indonesian: Kepulauan Maluku) or the Moluccas are an archipelago in the eastern part of Indonesia.

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Mamiya Rinzō

was a Japanese explorer of the late Edo period.

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Manila galleon

The Manila galleon (Galeón de Manila; Galyon ng Maynila), originally known as La Nao de China, and Galeón de Acapulco,.

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Mariana Islands

The Mariana Islands (Manislan Mariånas), also simply the Marianas, are a crescent-shaped archipelago comprising the summits of fifteen longitudinally oriented, mostly dormant volcanic mountains in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, between the 12th and 21st parallels north and along the 145th meridian east.

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Maritime fur trade

The maritime fur trade, a ship-based fur trade system, focused largely on acquiring furs of sea otters and other animals from the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast and natives of Alaska.

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Marquesas Islands

The Marquesas Islands (Îles Marquises or Archipel des Marquises or Marquises; Marquesan: Te HenuaEnana (North Marquesan) and Te FenuaEnata (South Marquesan), both meaning "the land of men") are a group of volcanic islands in French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of France in the southern Pacific Ocean.

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Marshall Islands

The Marshall Islands (Ṃajeḷ), officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands (Aolepān Aorōkin Ṃajeḷ), is an island country west of the International Date Line and north of the equator in the Micronesia region in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean.

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Martin Waldseemüller

Martin Waldseemüller (– 16 March 1520) was a German cartographer and humanist scholar.

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Matthijs Quast

Matthijs Hendrikszoon Quast (died 6 October 1641), anglicized as Matthys and Matthew Quast, was a Dutch merchant and explorer in the service of the Dutch East India Company (VOC).

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Mauritius

Mauritius, officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean, about off the southeastern coast of East Africa, east of Madagascar.

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Melanesia

Melanesia is a subregion of Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

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Micronesia

Micronesia is a subregion of Oceania, consisting of approximately 2,000 small islands in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean.

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Middle East

The Middle East (term originally coined in English Translations of this term in some of the region's major languages include: translit; translit; translit; script; translit; اوْرتاشرق; Orta Doğu.) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq.

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Mikhail Gvozdev

Mikhail Spiridonovich Gvozdev (Михаи́л Спиридо́нович Гво́здев; – after 1759) was a Russian military geodesist and a commander of the expedition to northern Alaska in 1732, when the Alaskan shore was sighted by Russians for the first time.

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Mikhail Stadukhin

Mikhail Vasilyevich Stadukhin (Михаил Васильевич Стадухин) (died 1666) was a Russian explorer of far northeast Siberia, one of the first to reach the Kolyma, Anadyr, Penzhina and Gizhiga Rivers and the northern Sea of Okhotsk.

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Monterey, California

Monterey (Monterrey) is a city in Monterey County on the southern edge of Monterey Bay on the U.S. state of California's Central Coast.

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Morro Bay, California

Morro Bay (Morro, Spanish for "Hill") is a seaside city in San Luis Obispo County, California.

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Nanban trade

or the was a period in the history of Japan from the arrival of Europeans in 1543 to the first Sakoku Seclusion Edicts of isolationism in 1614.

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New Albion

New Albion, also known as Nova Albion (in reference to an archaic name for Britain), was the name of the continental area north of Mexico claimed by Sir Francis Drake for England when he landed on the North American west coast in 1579.

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New Caledonia

New Caledonia (Nouvelle-Calédonie) is a ''sui generis'' collectivity of overseas France in the southwest Pacific Ocean, south of Vanuatu, about east of Australia, and from Metropolitan France.

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New Guinea

New Guinea (Hiri Motu: Niu Gini; Papua, fossilized Nugini, or historically Irian) is the world's second-largest island, with an area of.

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New Hebrides

New Hebrides, officially the New Hebrides Condominium (Condominium des Nouvelles-Hébrides) and named after the Hebrides in Scotland, was the colonial name for the island group in the South Pacific Ocean that is now Vanuatu.

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New Zealand

New Zealand (Aotearoa) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

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Nikunau

Nikunau is a low coral atoll in the Gilbert Islands that forms a council district of the Republic of Kiribati.

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Niua Islands

Niua is a division of the Kingdom of Tonga, namely the northernmost group of islands.

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Nootka Crisis

The Nootka Crisis, also known as the Spanish Armament, was an international incident and political dispute between the Nuu-chah-nulth Nation, Spain, the Kingdom of Great Britain, and the fledgling United States of America triggered by a series of events revolving around sovereignty claims and rights of navigation and trade.

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Nootka Sound

Nootka Sound (Baie de Nootka) is a sound of the Pacific Ocean on the rugged west coast of Vancouver Island, in the Pacific Northwest, historically known as King George's Sound.

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Norfolk Island

Norfolk Island (Norfuk: Norf'k Ailen) is an external territory of Australia located in the Pacific Ocean between New Zealand and New Caledonia, directly east of Australia's Evans Head and about from Lord Howe Island.

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Northwest Passage

The Northwest Passage (NWP) is the sea lane between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans through the Arctic Ocean, along the northern coast of North America via waterways through the Arctic Archipelago of Canada.

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Oceania

Oceania is a geographical region including Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.

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Olivier van Noort

Olivier van Noort (1558 – 22 February 1627) was a Dutch merchant captain and the first Dutchman to circumnavigate the world.

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Oregon Country

Oregon Country was a large region of the Pacific Northwest of North America that was subject to a long dispute between the United Kingdom and the United States in the early 19th century.

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Oregon Treaty

The Oregon Treaty is a treaty between the United Kingdom and the United States that was signed on June 15, 1846, in Washington, D.C. The treaty brought an end to the Oregon boundary dispute by settling competing American and British claims to the Oregon Country; the area had been jointly occupied by both Britain and the U.S.

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Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions.

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Pascual de Andagoya

Pascual de Andagoya (1495–1548) was a Spanish Basque conquistador.

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Patrick Vinton Kirch

Patrick Vinton Kirch is an American archaeologist and Professor Emeritus University of California, Berkeley.

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Pedro Álvares Cabral

Pedro Álvares Cabral (born Pedro Álvares de Gouveia) was a Portuguese nobleman, military commander, navigator and explorer regarded as the European discoverer of Brazil.

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Pedro Fernandes de Queirós

Pedro Fernandes de Queirós (Pedro Fernández de Quirós) (1563–1614) was a Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain.

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Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa

Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa (1532–1592) was a Spanish adventurer, author, historian, mathematician, and astronomer.

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Peopling of the Americas

The peopling of the Americas began when Paleolithic hunter-gatherers (Paleo-Indians) entered North America from the North Asian Mammoth steppe via the Beringia land bridge, which had formed between northeastern Siberia and western Alaska due to the lowering of sea level during the Last Glacial Maximum (26,000 to 19,000 years ago).

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Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky

Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (Петропавловск-Камчатский) is a city and the administrative center of Kamchatka Krai, Russia.

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Phantom island

A phantom island is a purported island which was included on maps for a period of time, but was later found not to exist.

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Philip Carteret

Rear-Admiral Philip Carteret, Seigneur of Trinity (22 January 1733, Trinity Manor, Jersey – 21 July 1796, Southampton) was a British naval officer and explorer who participated in two of the Royal Navy's circumnavigation expeditions in 1764–66 and 1766–69.

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Pitcairn Islands

The Pitcairn Islands (Pitkern: Pitkern Ailen), officially Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands, are a group of four volcanic islands in the southern Pacific Ocean that form the sole British Overseas Territory in the Pacific Ocean.

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Polynesian Triangle

The Polynesian Triangle is a region of the Pacific Ocean with three island groups at its corners: The US state of Hawaii, Easter Island (Rapa Nui) and New Zealand (Aotearoa).

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Polynesians

Polynesians are an ethnolinguistic group comprising closely related ethnic groups native to Polynesia, which encompasses the islands within the Polynesian Triangle in the Pacific Ocean.

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Portolá expedition

Point of San Francisco Bay Discovery The Portolá expedition was a Spanish voyage of exploration in 1769–1770 that was the first recorded European exploration of the interior of the present-day California.

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Prince William Sound

Prince William Sound (Sugpiaq: Suungaaciq) is a sound off the Gulf of Alaska on the south coast of the U.S. state of Alaska.

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Pueblo

Pueblo refers to the settlements and to the Native American tribes of the Pueblo peoples in the Southwestern United States, currently in New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas.

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Puget Sound

Puget Sound is a sound on the northwestern coast of the U.S. state of Washington.

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Pyotr Krenitsyn

Pyotr Kuzmich Krenitsyn (Пётр Кузьмич Креницын) (1728 – July 4, 1770), spelt "Krenitzin" in the United States, was a Russian explorer and Captain/Lieutenant of the Imperial Russian Navy.

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Roaring Forties

The Roaring Forties are strong westerly winds that occur in the Southern Hemisphere, generally between the latitudes of 40° and 50° south.

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Robert Gray (sea captain)

Robert Gray (May 10, 1755 –) was an American merchant sea captain who is known for his achievements in connection with two trading voyages to the northern Pacific coast of North America, between 1790 and 1793, which pioneered the American maritime fur trade in that region.

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Russian colonization of North America

From 1732 to 1867, the Russian Empire laid claim to northern Pacific Coast territories in the Americas.

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Ruy López de Villalobos

Ruy López de Villalobos (– 23 April 1546) was a Spanish explorer who led a failed attempt to colonize the Philippines in 1544, attempting to assert Spanish control there under the terms of the treaties of Tordesillas and Zaragoza.

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Sakhalin

Sakhalin (p) is an island in Northeast Asia.

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Samoa

Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa and until 1997 known as Western Samoa, is a Polynesian island country consisting of two main islands (Savai'i and Upolu); two smaller, inhabited islands (Manono and Apolima); and several smaller, uninhabited islands, including the Aleipata Islands (Nu'utele, Nu'ulua, Fanuatapu and Namua).

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Samoan Islands

The Samoan Islands (Motu o Sāmoa) are an archipelago covering in the central South Pacific, forming part of Polynesia and of the wider region of Oceania.

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Samuel Wallis

Samuel Wallis (23 April 1728 – 21 January 1795 in London) was a British naval officer and explorer of the Pacific Ocean who made the first recorded visit by a European navigator to Tahiti.

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San Diego

San Diego is a city on the Pacific Ocean coast in Southern California located immediately adjacent to the Mexico–United States border.

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San Francisco Bay

San Francisco Bay is a large tidal estuary in the U.S. state of California, and gives its name to the San Francisco Bay Area.

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Santa Cruz Islands

The Santa Cruz Islands form an archipelago in Temotu Province, Solomon Islands.

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Sea of Okhotsk

The Sea of Okhotsk is a marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean. It is located between Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula on the east, the Kuril Islands on the southeast, Japan's island of Hokkaido on the south, the island of Sakhalin along the west, and a stretch of eastern Siberian coast along the west and north.

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Sea otter

The sea otter (Enhydra lutris) is a marine mammal native to the coasts of the northern and eastern North Pacific Ocean.

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Sebastián Vizcaíno

Sebastián Vizcaíno (1548–1624) was a Spanish soldier, entrepreneur, explorer, and diplomat whose varied roles took him to New Spain, the Baja California peninsula, the California coast and Asia.

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Sebastião Rodrigues Soromenho

Sebastião Rodrigues Soromenho (Sebastián Rodríguez Cermeño in Spanish; c. 1560–1602), was a Portuguese explorer, born in Sesimbra (Portugal), appointed by the king Philip I (Felipe II de España; Filipe I de Portugal) to sail along the shores of California, in the years 1595 and 1596, in order to map the American west coast line and define the maritime routes of the Pacific Ocean in the 16th century.

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Semyon Dezhnev

Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnyov (p; sometimes spelled Dezhnev; March 7, 1605 – 1673) was a Russian explorer of Siberia and the first European to sail through the Bering Strait, 80 years before Vitus Bering did.

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Siberian River Routes

Siberian River Routes were the main ways of communication in Russian Siberia before the 1730s, when roads began to be built.

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Sitka, Alaska

Sitka (Sheetʼká; Ситка) is a unified city-borough in the southeast portion of the U.S. state of Alaska.

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Solomon Islands

Solomon Islands, also known simply as the Solomons,John Prados, Islands of Destiny, Dutton Caliber, 2012, p,20 and passim is a country consisting of 21 major islands Guadalcanal, Malaita, Makira, Santa Isabel, Choiseul, New Georgia, Kolombangara, Rennell, Vella Lavella, Vangunu, Nendo, Maramasike, Rendova, Shortland, San Jorge, Banie, Ranongga, Pavuvu, Nggela Pile and Nggela Sule, Tetepare, (which are bigger in area than 100 square kilometres) and over 900 smaller islands in Melanesia, part of Oceania, to the northeast of Australia.

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Solomon Islands (archipelago)

The Solomon Islands (archipelago) is an island group in the western South Pacific Ocean, north-east of Australia.

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Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia is the geographical southeastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and northwest of the Australian mainland, which is part of Oceania.

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Spanish expeditions to the Pacific Northwest

During the Age of Discovery, the Spanish Empire undertook several expeditions to the Pacific Northwest of North America.

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Spanish missions in California

The Spanish missions in California (Misiones españolas en California) formed a series of 21 religious outposts or missions established between 1769 and 1833 in what is now the U.S. state of California.

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Strait of Anián

The Strait of Anián was a semi-mythical strait, documented from around 1560, that was believed by early modern cartographers to mark the boundary between North America and Asia and to permit access to a Northwest Passage from the Arctic Ocean to the Pacific.

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Strait of Magellan

The Strait of Magellan, also called the Straits of Magellan, is a navigable sea route in southern Chile separating mainland South America to the north and Tierra del Fuego to the south.

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Sweet potato

The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the bindweed or morning glory family, Convolvulaceae.

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Tahiti

Tahiti (Tahitian) is the largest island of the Windward group of the Society Islands in French Polynesia.

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Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia.

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Tasmania

Tasmania (palawa kani: lutruwita) is an island state of Australia.

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Terra Australis

Terra Australis (Latin) was a hypothetical continent first posited in antiquity and which appeared on maps between the 15th and 18th centuries.

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Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia

The theory of Portuguese discovery of Australia claims that early Portuguese navigators were the first Europeans to sight Australia between 1521 and 1524, well before the arrival of Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606 on board the who is generally considered to be the first European discoverer.

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Thomas Cavendish

Sir Thomas Cavendish (1560 – May 1592) was an English explorer and a privateer known as "The Navigator" because he was the first who deliberately tried to emulate Sir Francis Drake and raid the Spanish towns and ships in the Pacific and return by circumnavigating the globe.

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Thomas Gilbert (sea captain)

Thomas Gilbert was an 18th-century British mariner.

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Thor Heyerdahl

Thor Heyerdahl KStJ (6 October 1914 – 18 April 2002) was a Norwegian adventurer and ethnographer with a background in biology with specialization in zoology, botany and geography.

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Tokelau

Tokelau (known previously as the Union Islands, and, until 1976, known officially as the Tokelau Islands) is a dependent territory of New Zealand in the southern Pacific Ocean.

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Tonga

Tonga, officially the Kingdom of Tonga (Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga), is an island country in Polynesia, part of Oceania.

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Torres Strait

The Torres Strait, also known as Zenadh Kes (ˈzen̪ad̪ kes), is a strait between Australia and the Melanesian island of New Guinea.

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Trade winds

The trade winds or easterlies are permanent east-to-west prevailing winds that flow in the Earth's equatorial region.

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Transpacific crossing

Transpacific crossings are voyages of passengers and cargo across the Pacific Ocean between Asia, Oceania, and the Americas.

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Trinidad (ship)

Trinidad (Spanish for "Trinity") was the flagship (capitana) of Ferdinand Magellan's 1519–22 voyage of circumnavigation.

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Trinidad, California

Trinidad (Spanish for "Trinity"; Yurok: Chuerey) is a seaside city in Humboldt County, located on the Pacific Ocean north of the Arcata-Eureka Airport and north of the college town of Arcata.

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Tuamotus

The Tuamotu Archipelago or the Tuamotu Islands (Îles Tuamotu, officially Archipel des Tuamotu) are a French Polynesian chain of just under 80 islands and atolls in the southern Pacific Ocean.

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Tuvalu

Tuvalu, formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is an island country in the Polynesian subregion of Oceania in the Pacific Ocean, about midway between Hawaii and Australia.

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Unalaska Island

Unalaska (Nawan-Alaxsxa, Уналашка) is a volcanic island in the Fox Islands group of the Aleutian Islands in the US state of Alaska located at.

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Van Diemen's Land

Van Diemen's Land was the colonial name of the island of Tasmania used by the British during the European exploration and colonisation of Australia in the 19th century.

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Vancouver Island

Vancouver Island is an island in the northeastern Pacific Ocean and part of the Canadian province of British Columbia.

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Vanuatu

Vanuatu, officially the Republic of Vanuatu (République de Vanuatu; Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is an island country in Melanesia, located in the South Pacific Ocean.

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Vasco da Gama

D. Vasco da Gama, 1st Count of Vidigueira (– 24 December 1524), was a Portuguese explorer and nobleman who was the first European to reach India by sea.

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Vasco Núñez de Balboa

Vasco Núñez de Balboa (c. 1475around January 12–21, 1519) was a Spanish explorer, governor, and conquistador.

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Vassili Poyarkov

Vassili Danilovich Poyarkov (Василий Данилович Поярков in Russian, – after 1668) was the first Russian explorer of the Amur region.

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Vitus Bering

Vitus Jonassen Bering (baptised 5 August 1681 – 19 December 1741),All dates are here given in the Julian calendar, which was in use throughout Russia at the time.

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Vladimir Atlasov

Vladimir Vasilyevich Atlasov or Otlasov (or Отла́сов; between 1661 and 1664 – 1711) was a Siberian Cossack who was the first Russian to organize systematic exploration of the Kamchatka Peninsula.

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Wake Island

Wake Island (kio flower), also known as Wake Atoll, is a coral atoll in the Micronesia subregion of the Pacific Ocean.

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Westerlies

The westerlies, anti-trades, or prevailing westerlies, are prevailing winds from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude.

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Whaling

Whaling is the hunting of whales for their usable products such as meat and blubber, which can be turned into a type of oil that was important in the Industrial Revolution.

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Willem de Vlamingh

Willem Hesselsz de Vlamingh (baptized 28 November 1640 – after 7 August 1702) was a Dutch sea captain who explored the central west coast of New Holland (Australia) in the late 17th century, where he landed in what is now Perth on the Swan River.

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Willem Janszoon

Willem Janszoon, sometimes abbreviated to Willem Jansz., was a Dutch navigator and colonial governor.

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Willem Schouten

Willem Cornelisz Schouten (– 1625) was a Dutch navigator for the Dutch East India Company.

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William Adams (samurai)

, better known in Japan as, was an English navigator who, in 1600, became the first Englishman to reach Japan.

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William Dampier

William Dampier (baptised 5 September 1651; died March 1715) was an English explorer, pirate, privateer, navigator, and naturalist who became the first Englishman to explore parts of what is today Australia, and the first person to circumnavigate the world three times.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploration_of_the_Pacific

Also known as Spanish exploration of the Pacific.

, Easter Island, Encyclopédie, Esteban José Martínez Fernández y Martínez de la Sierra, European and American voyages of scientific exploration, Europeans in Oceania, Ezo, Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, Felipe Fernández-Armesto, Ferdinand Magellan, Fernão Mendes Pinto, Fiji, First Opium War, Fort Ross, California, Fort San Miguel, Fortún Ximénez, Francis Drake, Francis Drake's circumnavigation, Francisco de Hoces, Francisco de Ulloa, Francisco Pizarro, Francisco Serrão, Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, Frederick de Houtman, García de Nodal expedition, Gaspar de Portolá, Georg Forster, George Vancouver, Gilbert Islands, Gomes de Sequeira, Guam, Guangzhou, Hawaii, Hawaiian Islands, Hendrick Hamel, Hirado, Nagasaki, History of the west coast of North America, Hokkaido, Hong Kong, Hudson Bay, Indonesia, Island of California, Isthmus of Panama, Ivan Fyodorov (navigator), Ivan Moskvitin, J. H. Parry, Jacob Roggeveen, James Cook, James Hanna (trader), Jan Carstenszoon, Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse, Jean-François de Surville, João da Gama, Johann Reinhold Forster, John Byron, John Marshall (Royal Navy officer, born 1748), Jorge Álvares, Jorge de Menezes, Juan de Fuca, Juan Fernández (explorer), Juan Fernández Islands, Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra, Juan José Pérez Hernández, Juan Ladrillero, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, Juan Sebastián Elcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Kenai Peninsula, Kiritimati, Kodiak Island, Kon-Tiki expedition, Kota Tua Jakarta, Kuril Islands, Lesser Sunda Islands, Lewis and Clark Expedition, Loaísa expedition, Louis Antoine de Bougainville, Luís Vaz de Torres, Maarten Gerritszoon Vries, Makin (atoll), Malacca, Malaspina Expedition, Malay Archipelago, Malesia, Maluku Islands, Mamiya Rinzō, Manila galleon, Mariana Islands, Maritime fur trade, Marquesas Islands, Marshall Islands, Martin Waldseemüller, Matthijs Quast, Mauritius, Melanesia, Micronesia, Middle East, Mikhail Gvozdev, Mikhail Stadukhin, Monterey, California, Morro Bay, California, Nanban trade, New Albion, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New Hebrides, New Zealand, Nikunau, Niua Islands, Nootka Crisis, Nootka Sound, Norfolk Island, Northwest Passage, Oceania, Olivier van Noort, Oregon Country, Oregon Treaty, Pacific Ocean, Pascual de Andagoya, Patrick Vinton Kirch, Pedro Álvares Cabral, Pedro Fernandes de Queirós, Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, Peopling of the Americas, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Phantom island, Philip Carteret, Pitcairn Islands, Polynesian Triangle, Polynesians, Portolá expedition, Prince William Sound, Pueblo, Puget Sound, Pyotr Krenitsyn, Roaring Forties, Robert Gray (sea captain), Russian colonization of North America, Ruy López de Villalobos, Sakhalin, Samoa, Samoan Islands, Samuel Wallis, San Diego, San Francisco Bay, Santa Cruz Islands, Sea of Okhotsk, Sea otter, Sebastián Vizcaíno, Sebastião Rodrigues Soromenho, Semyon Dezhnev, Siberian River Routes, Sitka, Alaska, Solomon Islands, Solomon Islands (archipelago), Southeast Asia, Spanish expeditions to the Pacific Northwest, Spanish missions in California, Strait of Anián, Strait of Magellan, Sweet potato, Tahiti, Taiwan, Tasmania, Terra Australis, Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia, Thomas Cavendish, Thomas Gilbert (sea captain), Thor Heyerdahl, Tokelau, Tonga, Torres Strait, Trade winds, Transpacific crossing, Trinidad (ship), Trinidad, California, Tuamotus, Tuvalu, Unalaska Island, Van Diemen's Land, Vancouver Island, Vanuatu, Vasco da Gama, Vasco Núñez de Balboa, Vassili Poyarkov, Vitus Bering, Vladimir Atlasov, Wake Island, Westerlies, Whaling, Willem de Vlamingh, Willem Janszoon, Willem Schouten, William Adams (samurai), William Dampier, William Robert Broughton, Xu Fu, Yakutat Bay, Zheng He.

Exploration of the Pacific, the Glossary

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