Fengjian, the Glossary
Fēngjiàn (l) was a governance system in Ancient China and Imperial China, whose social structure formed a decentralized system of confederation-like government.[1]
Table of Contents
87 relations: Administration of territory in dynastic China, Agriculture in China, Ancient Chinese states, Burning of books and burying of scholars, Chinese characters, Chinese nobility, Commandery (China), Confederation, Confucianism, Confucius, Counties of China, Decentralization, Duke of Zhou, Eastern Zhou, Economic history of China, Eighteen Kingdoms, Ejido, Emperor of China, Equal-field system, Europe, Feoffment, Ferrous metallurgy, Feudalism, Feudalism in Pakistan, Four occupations, Governance, Guo Moruo, Han dynasty, Han system, Historical materialism, Historiography, History of China, Homage (feudal), Indian feudalism, Jin dynasty (1115–1234), Job rotation, John King Fairbank, Laborer, Lease, Legalism (Chinese philosophy), Li Feng (sinologist), Liao dynasty, List of Shang dynasty states, List of Zhou dynasty states, Marxism, Mencius, Merchant, Merle Goldman, Middle Ages, Ming dynasty, ... Expand index (37 more) »
- Agriculture in China
- Ancient Chinese institutions
- Feudalism in China
- History of agriculture in China
- Social history of China
Administration of territory in dynastic China
The administration of territory in dynastic China is the history of practices involved in governing the land from the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) to the Qing dynasty (1644–1912).
See Fengjian and Administration of territory in dynastic China
Agriculture in China
China primarily produces rice, wheat, potatoes, tomato, sorghum, peanuts, tea, millet, barley, cotton, oilseed, corn and soybeans.
See Fengjian and Agriculture in China
Ancient Chinese states
Ancient Chinese states were dynastic polities of China within and without the Zhou cultural sphere prior to Qin's wars of unification. Fengjian and Ancient Chinese states are Zhou dynasty.
See Fengjian and Ancient Chinese states
Burning of books and burying of scholars
The burning of books and burying of scholars was the purported burning of texts in 213 BCE and live burial of 460 Confucian scholars in 212 BCE ordered by Chinese emperor Qin Shi Huang.
See Fengjian and Burning of books and burying of scholars
Chinese characters
Chinese characters are logographs used to write the Chinese languages and others from regions historically influenced by Chinese culture.
See Fengjian and Chinese characters
Chinese nobility
The nobility of China represented the upper strata of aristocracy in premodern China, acting as the ruling class until 1000, and remaining a significant feature of the traditional social structure until the end of the imperial period. Fengjian and Chinese nobility are social history of China.
See Fengjian and Chinese nobility
Commandery (China)
A commandery (p) was a historical administrative division of China that was in use from the Eastern Zhou (c. 7th century BCE) until the early Tang dynasty (c. 7th century CE).
See Fengjian and Commandery (China)
Confederation
A confederation (also known as a confederacy or league) is a political union of sovereign states or communities united for purposes of common action.
See Fengjian and Confederation
Confucianism
Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China, and is variously described as a tradition, philosophy (humanistic or rationalistic), religion, theory of government, or way of life.
Confucius
Confucius (孔子; pinyin), born Kong Qiu (孔丘), was a Chinese philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period who is traditionally considered the paragon of Chinese sages, as well as the first teacher in China to advocate for mass education.
Counties of China
Counties (hp) are found in the third level of the administrative hierarchy in provinces and autonomous regions and the second level in municipalities and Hainan, a level that is known as "county level" and also contains autonomous counties, county-level cities, banners, autonomous banners and city districts.
See Fengjian and Counties of China
Decentralization
Decentralization or decentralisation is the process by which the activities of an organization, particularly those regarding planning and decision-making, are distributed or delegated away from a central, authoritative location or group and given to smaller factions within it.
See Fengjian and Decentralization
Duke of Zhou
Dan, Duke Wen of Zhou, commonly known as the Duke of Zhou, was a member of the royal family of the early Zhou dynasty who played a major role in consolidating the kingdom established by his elder brother King Wu.
Eastern Zhou
The Eastern Zhou (Chinese: 东周; pinyin: Dōngzhōu; Wade–Giles: Tung1 Chou1; c. 771 – 256 BC) is a period in Chinese history comprising the latter half of the Zhou dynasty following the Zhou capital's relocation eastward to Chengzhou, near present-day Luoyang. Fengjian and Eastern Zhou are Zhou dynasty.
Economic history of China
The economic history of China is covered in the following articles.
See Fengjian and Economic history of China
Eighteen Kingdoms
The historiographical term "Eighteen Kingdoms" (t), also translated as "Eighteen States", refers to the eighteen fengjian states in China created by military leader Xiang Yu in 206 BCE, after the collapse of the Qin dynasty.
See Fengjian and Eighteen Kingdoms
Ejido
An ejido (from Latin exitum) is an area of communal land used for agriculture in which community members have usufruct rights rather than ownership rights to land, which in Mexico is held by the Mexican state.
Emperor of China
Throughout Chinese history, "Emperor" was the superlative title held by the monarchs who ruled various imperial dynasties or Chinese empires.
See Fengjian and Emperor of China
Equal-field system
The equal-field system or land-equalization system was a system of land ownership and distribution in China used from the Northern Wei dynasty to the mid-Tang dynasty. Fengjian and equal-field system are agriculture in China, ancient Chinese institutions and economic history of China.
See Fengjian and Equal-field system
Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
Feoffment
In the Middle Ages, especially under the European feudal system, feoffment or enfeoffment was the deed by which a person was given land in exchange for a pledge of service.
Ferrous metallurgy is the metallurgy of iron and its alloys.
See Fengjian and Ferrous metallurgy
Feudalism
Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, was a combination of legal, economic, military, cultural, and political customs that flourished in medieval Europe from the 9th to 15th centuries.
Feudalism in Pakistan
Feudalism in contemporary Pakistan usually refers to the power and influence of large landowning families, particularly through very large estates and in more remote areas.
See Fengjian and Feudalism in Pakistan
Four occupations
The four occupations, or "four categories of the people",Hansson, pp. Fengjian and four occupations are ancient Chinese institutions and social history of China.
See Fengjian and Four occupations
Governance
Governance is the overall complex system or framework of processes, functions, structures, rules, laws and norms borne out of the relationships, interactions, power dynamics and communication within an organized group of individuals which not only sets the boundaries of acceptable conduct and practices of different actors of the group and controls their decision-making processes through the creation and enforcement of rules and guidelines, but also manages, allocates and mobilizes relevant resources and capacities of different members and sets the overall direction of the group in order to effectively address its specific collective needs, problems and challenges.
Guo Moruo
Guo Moruo (November 16, 1892 – June 12, 1978), courtesy name Dingtang, was a Chinese author, poet, historian, archaeologist, and government official.
Han dynasty
The Han dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC9 AD, 25–220 AD) established by Liu Bang and ruled by the House of Liu.
Han system
Han (藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912).
Historical materialism
Historical materialism is Karl Marx's theory of history.
See Fengjian and Historical materialism
Historiography
Historiography is the study of the methods used by historians in developing history as an academic discipline, and by extension, the term historiography is any body of historical work on a particular subject.
See Fengjian and Historiography
History of China
The history of China spans several millennia across a wide geographical area.
See Fengjian and History of China
Homage (feudal)
Homage (from Medieval Latin hominaticum, lit. "pertaining to a man") in the Middle Ages was the ceremony in which a feudal tenant or vassal pledged reverence and submission to his feudal lord, receiving in exchange the symbolic title to his new position (investiture).
See Fengjian and Homage (feudal)
Indian feudalism
Indian feudalism refers to the feudal society that made up India's social structure until the formation of the Republic of India in the 20th century.
See Fengjian and Indian feudalism
Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
The Jin dynasty, officially known as the Great Jin, was an imperial dynasty of China that existed between 1115 and 1234 founded by Emperor Taizu (first).
See Fengjian and Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
Job rotation
Job rotation is a technique used by some employers to rotate their employees' assigned jobs throughout their employment.
John King Fairbank
John King Fairbank (May 24, 1907September 14, 1991) was an American historian of China and United States–China relations.
See Fengjian and John King Fairbank
Laborer
A laborer (or labourer) is a skilled trade, a person who works in manual labor types, especially in the construction and factory industries.
Lease
A lease is a contractual arrangement calling for the user (referred to as the lessee) to pay the owner (referred to as the ''lessor'') for the use of an asset.
Legalism (Chinese philosophy)
Fajia, or the School of fa (laws,methods), often translated as Legalism, is a school of mainly Warring States period classical Chinese philosophy, whose ideas contributed greatly to the formation of the bureaucratic Chinese empire, and Daoism as prominent in the early Han.
See Fengjian and Legalism (Chinese philosophy)
Li Feng (sinologist)
Li Feng (born 1962), or Feng Li, is a professor of Early Chinese History and Archaeology at Columbia University, where he is director of graduate studies for the Department of East Asian Languages and Culture.
See Fengjian and Li Feng (sinologist)
Liao dynasty
The Liao dynasty (Khitan: Mos Jælud), also known as the Khitan Empire (Khitan: Mos diau-d kitai huldʒi gur), officially the Great Liao, was an imperial dynasty of China that existed between 916 and 1125, ruled by the Yelü clan of the Khitan people.
List of Shang dynasty states
The list of states refers to the various vassal tribes and states during the Shang dynasty in ancient China.
See Fengjian and List of Shang dynasty states
List of Zhou dynasty states
The following ancient Chinese states were parts of the geopolitical milieu during the Zhou dynasty of early China, during one or more of its main chronological subdivisions: the Western Zhou period, Spring and Autumn period, and Warring States period. Fengjian and List of Zhou dynasty states are Zhou dynasty.
See Fengjian and List of Zhou dynasty states
Marxism
Marxism is a political philosophy and method of socioeconomic analysis.
Mencius
Mencius was a Chinese Confucian philosopher, often described as the Second Sage (亞聖) to reflect his traditional esteem relative to Confucius himself.
Merchant
A merchant is a person who trades in commodities produced by other people, especially one who trades with foreign countries.
Merle Goldman
Merle Dorothy Rosenblatt Goldman (March 12, 1931 – November 16, 2023) was an American historian and sinologist of modern China.
See Fengjian and Merle Goldman
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
Ming dynasty
The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.
Number sign
The symbol is known variously in English-speaking regions as the number sign, hash, or pound sign.
Patriarchal clan system
In ancient China, the patriarchal clan system of the Zhou cultural sphere was a primary means of group relations and power stratification prior to the Western Zhou and through the first half of the Eastern Zhou dynasty. Fengjian and patriarchal clan system are ancient Chinese institutions.
See Fengjian and Patriarchal clan system
Peasant
A peasant is a pre-industrial agricultural laborer or a farmer with limited land-ownership, especially one living in the Middle Ages under feudalism and paying rent, tax, fees, or services to a landlord. In Europe, three classes of peasants existed: non-free slaves, semi-free serfs, and free tenants.
Prefecture
A prefecture (from the Latin praefectura) is an administrative jurisdiction traditionally governed by an appointed prefect.
Qin (state)
Qin (or Ch'in) was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty.
Qin dynasty
The Qin dynasty was the first dynasty of Imperial China.
Qin Shi Huang
Qin Shi Huang (February 25912 July 210 BC) was the founder of the Qin dynasty and the first emperor of China.
See Fengjian and Qin Shi Huang
Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty, officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last imperial dynasty in Chinese history.
Rebellion of the Seven States
The Rebellion of the Seven States or Revolt of the Seven Kingdoms took place in 154 BC against the rule of Emperor Jing of Han dynasty by its regional semi-autonomous kings, to resist the emperor's attempt to centralize the government further.
See Fengjian and Rebellion of the Seven States
Ritsuryō
is the historical legal system based on the philosophies of Confucianism and Chinese Legalism in Feudal Japan.
Ruling class
In sociology, the ruling class of a society is the social class who set and decide the political and economic agenda of society.
Scholar-official
The scholar-officials, also known as literati, scholar-gentlemen or scholar-bureaucrats, were government officials and prestigious scholars in Chinese society, forming a distinct social class. Fengjian and scholar-official are social history of China.
See Fengjian and Scholar-official
Shang dynasty
The Shang dynasty, also known as the Yin dynasty, was a Chinese royal dynasty that ruled in the Yellow River valley during the second millennium BC, traditionally succeeding the Xia dynasty and followed by the Western Zhou dynasty.
See Fengjian and Shang dynasty
Shang Yang
Shang Yang (c. 390 – 338 BC), also known as Wei Yang and originally surnamed Gongsun, was a statesman, chancellor and reformer of the State of Qin.
Sharecropping is a legal arrangement in which a landowner allows a tenant (sharecropper) to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on that land.
See Fengjian and Sharecropping
Shu Du of Cai
Cai Shu Du or Shu Du of Cai (度|l.
See Fengjian and Shu Du of Cai
Shu Xian of Guan
Guan Shu Xian was the first and only ruler of the Chinese state of Guan and was a younger of brother of King Wu of Zhou.
See Fengjian and Shu Xian of Guan
Slavery
Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labour.
In the social sciences, social structure is the aggregate of patterned social arrangements in society that are both emergent from and determinant of the actions of individuals.
See Fengjian and Social structure
Son of Heaven
Son of Heaven, or Tianzi, was the sacred monarchial and imperial title of the Chinese sovereign.
See Fengjian and Son of Heaven
Song dynasty
The Song dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 960 to 1279.
Spring and Autumn period
The Spring and Autumn period in Chinese history lasted approximately from 770 to 481 BCE which corresponds roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou period. Fengjian and Spring and Autumn period are Zhou dynasty.
See Fengjian and Spring and Autumn period
Su Xun
Su Xun (22 May 1009 – 21 May 1066) was a scholar, essayist and philosopher during the Song dynasty, listed as one of the Eight Masters of the Tang and Song, along with his sons Su Shi and Su Zhe.
Tang dynasty
The Tang dynasty (唐朝), or the Tang Empire, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907, with an interregnum between 690 and 705.
Taylor & Francis
Taylor & Francis Group is an international company originating in England that publishes books and academic journals.
See Fengjian and Taylor & Francis
Terence J. Byres
Terence J. Byres is a peasant studies scholar and a professor emeritus of Political Economy at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.
See Fengjian and Terence J. Byres
Tribute
A tribute (from Latin tributum, "contribution") is wealth, often in kind, that a party gives to another as a sign of submission, allegiance or respect.
Vassal
A vassal or liege subject is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe.
Vassal state
A vassal state is any state that has a mutual obligation to a superior state or empire, in a status similar to that of a vassal in the feudal system in medieval Europe.
Wang Mang
Wang Mang (45 BCE6 October 23 CE), courtesy name Jujun, officially known as the Shijianguo Emperor, was the founder and the only emperor of the short-lived Chinese Xin dynasty.
Warring States period
The Warring States period was an era in ancient Chinese history characterized by warfare, bureaucratic and military reform, and political consolidation. Fengjian and Warring States period are Zhou dynasty.
See Fengjian and Warring States period
Western Zhou
The Western Zhou (771 BC) was a period of Chinese history corresponding roughly to the first half of the Zhou dynasty. Fengjian and Western Zhou are Zhou dynasty.
Xin dynasty
The Xin dynasty, also known as Xin Mang in Chinese historiography, was a short-lived Chinese imperial dynasty which lasted from 9 to 23 AD, established by the Han dynasty consort kin Wang Mang, who usurped the throne of the Emperor Ping of Han and the infant "crown prince" Liu Ying.
Yuan dynasty
The Yuan dynasty, officially the Great Yuan (Mongolian:, Yeke Yuwan Ulus, literally "Great Yuan State"), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its ''de facto'' division.
Zhang Zai
Zhang Zai (1020–1077) was a Chinese philosopher and politician.
Zhou dynasty
The Zhou dynasty was a royal dynasty of China that existed for 789 years from until 256 BC, the longest of such reign in Chinese history.
Zhou dynasty nobility
The nobility of the Zhou dynasty refers to the power dynamics of the aristocracy in Zhou dynasty China.
See Fengjian and Zhou dynasty nobility
See also
Agriculture in China
- Agriculture in China
- Agriculture in Chinese mythology
- Agriculture in Hong Kong
- Agriculture in Macau
- Animal welfare and rights in China
- Aquaculture in China
- Black Diamond Apple
- Bo Yi (legendary leader)
- China's Rural Reform
- Chinese farmers
- Chunche
- Cockroach farming
- Coffea arabica
- Collective farming
- Dazhai
- Di Jun
- Equal-field system
- Fengjian
- Five Grains
- Food policy in China
- Grain for Green
- High-level equilibrium trap
- History of agriculture in China
- Irrigation in China
- Liang Jun (tractor driver)
- Liaohe Plain
- Linpan in Chengdu Plain
- Nanfengmiju
- Pearl farming industry in China
- Poor and lower-middle peasants
- Qimin Yaoshu
- Rural society in China
- Sericulture
- Shujun
- Well-field system
- Wine in China
- Xiangliangyou 900
Ancient Chinese institutions
- Abdication system
- Chinese cash (currency unit)
- Equal-field system
- Fengjian
- Feudalism in China
- Four occupations
- Gaozu
- Guozijian
- Hyangyak
- Patriarchal clan system
- Posthumous name
- Regnal year
- Retired Emperor
- Ritual and music system
- Taizu
- Temple name
- Well-field system
Feudalism in China
- Fengjian
- Retainers in early China
- Xiaonong Yishi
History of agriculture in China
- 37.5% Arable Rent Reduction Act
- Fengjian
- Fengshanche
- History of agriculture in China
- Household responsibility system
- Land System of the Heavenly Dynasty
- Learn from Dazhai in agriculture
- Lilingyan
- Louche
- Social structure of China
- Tuntian
- Well-field system
- Biographies of Exemplary Women
- Chinese emigration
- Chinese nobility
- Chinese noble titles in the imperial period
- Cuanman
- Dishu system
- Ethnic groups in Chinese history
- Fengjian
- Feudalism in China
- Four Books for Women
- Four occupations
- Globalization and women in China
- Globalization in China
- Guanlong Group
- History of education in China
- LGBT history in China
- Landed gentry in China
- Laotong
- Mui tsai
- Opium in China
- Protests in China
- Retainers in early China
- Scholar-official
- Society and culture of the Han dynasty
- Society of the Song dynasty
- The Chinese Economy: Transitions and Growth
- Tiger hunting
- Widow chastity
- Women in Taoism
- Women in ancient and imperial China
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fengjian
Also known as Chinese feudal system, Chinese feudalism, Chinese fief, Feng-chien, Feng-chien system, Fengjian system, Feudalism in China, Fief (China), Fief (Chinese), Fēngjiàn.
, Number sign, Patriarchal clan system, Peasant, Prefecture, Qin (state), Qin dynasty, Qin Shi Huang, Qing dynasty, Rebellion of the Seven States, Ritsuryō, Ruling class, Scholar-official, Shang dynasty, Shang Yang, Sharecropping, Shu Du of Cai, Shu Xian of Guan, Slavery, Social structure, Son of Heaven, Song dynasty, Spring and Autumn period, Su Xun, Tang dynasty, Taylor & Francis, Terence J. Byres, Tribute, Vassal, Vassal state, Wang Mang, Warring States period, Western Zhou, Xin dynasty, Yuan dynasty, Zhang Zai, Zhou dynasty, Zhou dynasty nobility.