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Food coloring, the Glossary

Food coloring, color additive or colorant is any dye, pigment, or substance that imparts color when it is added to food or beverages.^[1]

99 relations: Acceptable daily intake, Acetone, Acid dye, Acid orange 20, Adulterant, Adverse effect, Allergy, Allura Red AC, Amaranth (dye), Annatto, Anthocyanin, Armenian bole, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Azo compound, Azorubine, Beetroot, Benjamin Feingold, Betanin, Bituminous coal, Bixa orellana, Brilliant blue FCF, Candied fruit, Caramel color, Carmine, Carotenoid, Chlorophyllin, Cinnabar, Citrus Red 2, Cochineal, Codex Alimentarius, Confectionery, Death by burning, Directive (European Union), Dye, E number, Encyclopædia Britannica, Erythrosine, European Food Safety Authority, Evidence-based medicine, Fast Green FCF, Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938, Food additive, Food and Drug Administration, Food intolerance, Food safety, Food Standards Agency, Gardenia jasminoides, Gel, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, Genipin, ... Expand index (49 more) »
Food technology

Acceptable daily intake

Acceptable daily intake or ADI is a measure of the amount of a specific substance (originally applied for a food additive, later also for a residue of a veterinary drug or pesticide) in food or drinking water that can be ingested (orally) daily over a lifetime without an appreciable health risk.

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Acetone

Acetone (2-propanone or dimethyl ketone) is an organic compound with the formula.

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Acid dye

An acid dye is a dye that is typically applied to a textile at low pH.

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Acid orange 20

Acid orange 20 (also Orange I) is an organic compound and an azo dye. Food coloring and Acid orange 20 are food colorings.

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Adulterant

An adulterant is caused by the act of adulteration, a practice of secretly mixing a substance with another. Food coloring and adulterant are food additives.

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Adverse effect

An adverse effect is an undesired harmful effect resulting from a medication or other intervention, such as surgery.

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Allergy

Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are various conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment.

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Allura Red AC

Allura Red AC, also known as FD&C Red 40 or E129, is a red azo dye commonly used in food. Food coloring and Allura Red AC are food colorings.

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Amaranth (dye)

Amaranth, FD&C Red No. Food coloring and Amaranth (dye) are food colorings.

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Annatto

Annatto is an orange-red condiment and food coloring derived from the seeds of the achiote tree (Bixa orellana), native to tropical parts of the Americas. Food coloring and Annatto are food colorings.

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Anthocyanin

Anthocyanins, also called anthocyans, are water-soluble vacuolar pigments that, depending on their pH, may appear red, purple, blue, or black.

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Armenian bole

Armenian bole, also known as bolus armenus or bole armoniac, is an earthy clay, usually red, native to Armenia but also found in other places.

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by executive dysfunction occasioning symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity and emotional dysregulation that are excessive and pervasive, impairing in multiple contexts, and otherwise age-inappropriate.

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Azo compound

Azo compounds are organic compounds bearing the functional group diazenyl (in which R and R′ can be either aryl or alkyl groups).

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Azorubine

Azorubine is an azo dye consisting of two naphthalene subunits. Food coloring and Azorubine are food colorings.

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Beetroot

The beetroot is the taproot portion of a beet plant, usually known in North America as beets while the vegetable is referred to as beetroot in British English, and also known as the table beet, garden beet, red beet, dinner beet or golden beet.

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Benjamin Feingold

Benjamin F. Feingold (June 15, 1899 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania – March 23, 1982) was a pediatric allergist from California who proposed in 1973 that salicylates, artificial colors, and artificial flavors cause hyperactivity in children.

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Betanin

Betanin, or beetroot red, is a red glycosidic food dye obtained from beets; its aglycone, obtained by hydrolyzing the glucose molecule, is betanidin. Food coloring and betanin are food colorings.

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Bituminous coal

Bituminous coal, or black coal, is a type of coal containing a tar-like substance called bitumen or asphalt.

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Bixa orellana

Bixa orellana, also known as achiote, is a shrub or small tree native to Central America.

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Brilliant blue FCF

Brilliant blue FCF (Blue 1) is a synthetic organic compound used primarily as a blue colorant for processed foods, medications, dietary supplements, and cosmetics. Food coloring and Brilliant blue FCF are food colorings.

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Candied fruit

Candied fruit, also known as glacé fruit, is whole fruit, smaller pieces of fruit, or pieces of peel, placed in heated sugar syrup, which absorbs the moisture from within the fruit and eventually preserves it.

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Caramel color

Caramel color or caramel coloring is a water-soluble food coloring. Food coloring and caramel color are food colorings.

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Carmine

Carminealso called cochineal (when it is extracted from the cochineal insect), cochineal extract, crimson lake, or carmine lake is a pigment of a bright-red color obtained from the aluminium complex derived from carminic acid. Food coloring and carmine are food colorings.

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Carotenoid

Carotenoids are yellow, orange, and red organic pigments that are produced by plants and algae, as well as several bacteria, archaea, and fungi.

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Chlorophyllin

Chlorophyllin refers to any one of a group of closely related water-soluble salts that are semi-synthetic derivatives of chlorophyll, differing in the identity of the cations associated with the anion. Food coloring and Chlorophyllin are food additives.

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Cinnabar

Cinnabar, or cinnabarite, also known as mercurblende is the bright scarlet to brick-red form of mercury(II) sulfide (HgS).

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Citrus Red 2

Citrus Red 2, Citrus Red No. Food coloring and Citrus Red 2 are food colorings.

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Cochineal

The cochineal (Dactylopius coccus) is a scale insect in the suborder Sternorrhyncha, from which the natural dye carmine is derived. Food coloring and cochineal are food colorings.

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Codex Alimentarius

The i is a collection of internationally recognized standards, codes of practice, guidelines, and other recommendations published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations relating to food, food production, food labeling, and food safety.

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Confectionery

Confectionery is the art of making confections, or sweet foods.

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Death by burning

Death by burning is an execution, murder, or suicide method involving combustion or exposure to extreme heat.

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Directive (European Union)

A directive is a legal act of the European Union that requires member states to achieve particular goals without dictating how the member states achieve those goals.

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Dye

A dye is a colored substance that chemically bonds to the substrate to which it is being applied.

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E number

E numbers, short for Europe numbers, are codes for substances used as food additives, including those found naturally in many foods, such as vitamin C, for use within the European Union (EU) and European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Food coloring and e number are food additives.

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Encyclopædia Britannica

The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

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Erythrosine

Erythrosine, also known as Red No. Food coloring and Erythrosine are food colorings.

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The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is the agency of the European Union (EU) that provides independent scientific advice and communicates on existing and emerging risks associated with the food chain.

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Evidence-based medicine

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is "the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients.

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Fast Green FCF

Fast Green FCF, also called Food green 3, FD&C Green No. Food coloring and Fast Green FCF are food colorings.

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Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938

The United States Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (abbreviated as FFDCA, FDCA, or FD&C) is a set of laws passed by the United States Congress in 1938 giving authority to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to oversee the safety of food, drugs, medical devices, and cosmetics.

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Food additive

Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance taste, appearance, or other sensory qualities. Food coloring and food additive are food additives.

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Food and Drug Administration

The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or US FDA) is a federal agency of the Department of Health and Human Services.

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Food intolerance

Food intolerance is a detrimental reaction, often delayed, to a food, beverage, food additive, or compound found in foods that produces symptoms in one or more body organs and systems, but generally refers to reactions other than food allergy.

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Food safety

Food safety (or food hygiene) is used as a scientific method/discipline describing handling, preparation, and storage of food in ways that prevent foodborne illness.

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Food Standards Agency

The Food Standards Agency is a non-ministerial government department of the Government of the United Kingdom.

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Gardenia jasminoides

Gardenia jasminoides, commonly known as gardenia and cape jasmine, is an evergreen flowering plant in the coffee family Rubiaceae.

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Gel

A gel is a semi-solid that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough.

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General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is a legal agreement between many countries, whose overall purpose was to promote international trade by reducing or eliminating trade barriers such as tariffs or quotas.

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Genipin

Genipin is a chemical compound found in Genipa americana fruit extract.

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Green S

Green S is a green synthetic coal tar triarylmethane dye with the molecular formula C27H25N2O7S2Na. Food coloring and green S are food colorings.

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Heinz

The H. J. Heinz Company was an American food processing company headquartered at One PPG Place in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

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Hexane

Hexane or n-hexane is an organic compound, a straight-chain alkane with six carbon atoms and the molecular formula C6H14.

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Hot dog

A hot dog is a dish consisting of a grilled, steamed, or boiled sausage served in the slit of a partially sliced bun.

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Indigo

Indigo is a term used for a number of hues in the region of blue.

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Indigo carmine

Indigo carmine, or 5,5′-indigodisulfonic acid sodium salt, is an organic salt derived from indigo by aromatic sulfonation, which renders the compound soluble in water. Food coloring and indigo carmine are food colorings.

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International Food Information Council

Founded in 1985, the International Food Information Council (IFIC) is a nonprofit organization supported by the food, beverage, and agricultural industries.

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Β-Carotene

β-Carotene (beta-carotene) is an organic, strongly colored red-orange pigment abundant in fungi, plants, and fruits.

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Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives

The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) is an international scientific expert committee that is administered jointly by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO).

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Ketchup

Ketchup or catsup is a table condiment with a sweet and sour flavor.

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Lake pigment

A lake pigment is a pigment made by precipitating a dye with an inert binder, or mordant, usually a metallic salt.

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Lead(II,IV) oxide

Lead(II,IV) oxide, also called red lead or minium, is the inorganic compound with the formula.

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Light green SF

Light green SF, also called C.I. 42095, light green SF yellowish, is a green triarylmethane dye.

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Lutein

Lutein (Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. from Latin luteus meaning "yellow") is a xanthophyll and one of 600 known naturally occurring carotenoids. Food coloring and Lutein are food colorings.

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Lycopene

Lycopene is an organic compound classified as a tetraterpene and a carotene. Food coloring and Lycopene are food colorings.

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Mauveine

Mauveine, also known as aniline purple and Perkin's mauve, was one of the first synthetic dyes.

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Medication

A medication (also called medicament, medicine, pharmaceutical drug, medicinal drug or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.

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Member state of the European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member states that are party to the EU's founding treaties, and thereby subject to the privileges and obligations of membership.

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Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.

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Modern era

The modern era or the modern period is considered the current historical period of human history.

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Naphthol yellow S

Naphthol yellow S is an organic compound that is a dye.

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Orange B

Orange B is a food dye from the azo dye group. Food coloring and Orange B are food colorings.

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Paprika oleoresin

Paprika oleoresin (also known as paprika extract and oleoresin paprika) is an oil-soluble extract from the fruits of Capsicum annuum or Capsicum frutescens, and is primarily used as a colouring and/or flavouring in food products.

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Paste (food)

A food paste is a semi-liquid colloidal suspension, emulsion, or aggregation used in food preparation or eaten directly as a spread.

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Patent Blue V

Patent Blue V, also called Food Blue 5, Sulphan Blue, Acid Blue 3, L-Blau 3, C-Blau 20, Patentblau V, Sky Blue, or C.I. 42051, is a sky blue synthetic triphenylmethane dye used as a food coloring. Food coloring and Patent Blue V are food colorings.

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Pigment

A pigment is a powder used to add color or change visual appearance.

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Ponceau 3R

Ponceau 3R (C.I. 16155) is an azo dye that once was used as a red food colorant. Food coloring and Ponceau 3R are food colorings.

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Ponceau 4R

Ponceau 4R (known by more than 100 synonyms,Abbey J, et at. Colorants. pp 459-465 in Encyclopedia of Food Safety, Vol 2: Hazards and Diseases. Eds, Motarjemi Y et al. Academic Press, 2013. including as C.I. 16255,FDA. 9 November 2008. p37 cochineal red A, C.I. acid red 18, brilliant scarlet 3R, brilliant scarlet 4R, new coccine) is a synthetic colourant that may be used as a food colouring. Food coloring and Ponceau 4R are food colorings.

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Precautionary principle

The precautionary principle (or precautionary approach) is a broad epistemological, philosophical and legal approach to innovations with potential for causing harm when extensive scientific knowledge on the matter is lacking.

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Prussian blue

Prussian blue (also known as Berlin blue, Brandenburg blue, Parisian and Paris blue) is a dark blue pigment produced by oxidation of ferrous ferrocyanide salts.

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Pure Food and Drug Act

The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906, also known as the Wiley Act and Dr. Wiley's Law, was the first of a series of significant consumer protection laws enacted by the United States Congress, and led to the creation of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

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Quinoline Yellow WS

Quinoline Yellow WS is a mixture of organic compounds derived from the dye Quinoline Yellow SS (spirit soluble). Food coloring and Quinoline Yellow WS are food colorings.

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Regulatory agency

A regulatory agency (regulatory body, regulator) or independent agency (independent regulatory agency) is a government authority that is responsible for exercising autonomous dominion over some area of human activity in a licensing and regulating capacity.

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Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal which covers legal aspects of toxicological and pharmacological regulations.

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Saffron

Saffron is a spice derived from the flower of Crocus sativus, commonly known as the "saffron crocus". Food coloring and Saffron are food colorings.

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Salicylic acid

Salicylic acid is an organic compound with the formula HOC6H4COOH.

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Sambucus

Sambucus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Adoxaceae.

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Sausage

A sausage is a type of meat product usually made from ground meat—often pork, beef, or poultry—along with salt, spices and other flavourings.

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Scarlet GN

Scarlet GN, or C.I. Food Red 2, FD&C Red No. Food coloring and Scarlet GN are food colorings.

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Scheele's Green

Scheele's Green, also called Schloss Green, is chemically a cupric hydrogen arsenite (also called copper arsenite or acidic copper arsenite),.

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Solvent

A solvent (from the Latin solvō, "loosen, untie, solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution.

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Sudan II

Sudan II (Solvent Orange 7, C.I. 12140, C18H16N2O) is a lysochrome (fat-soluble dye) azo dye used for staining of triglycerides in frozen sections, and some protein bound lipids and lipoproteins on paraffin sections.

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Sunset yellow FCF

Sunset yellow FCF (also known as orange yellow S, or C.I. 15985) is a petroleum-derived orange azo dye with a pH-dependent maximum absorption at about 480 nm at pH 1 and 443 nm at pH 13, with a shoulder at 500 nm. Food coloring and Sunset yellow FCF are food colorings.

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Synthetic colorant

A colorant is any substance that changes the spectral transmittance or reflectance of a material.

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Tartrazine

Tartrazine is a synthetic lemon yellow azo dye primarily used as a food coloring. Food coloring and Tartrazine are food colorings.

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Taste

The gustatory system or sense of taste is the sensory system that is partially responsible for the perception of taste (flavor).

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Throat lozenge

A throat lozenge (also known as a cough drop, sore throat sweet, troche, cachou, pastille or cough sweet) is a small, typically medicated tablet intended to be dissolved slowly in the mouth to temporarily stop coughs, lubricate, and soothe irritated tissues of the throat (usually due to a sore throat or strep throat), possibly from the common cold or influenza.

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Turmeric

Turmeric, (botanical name Curcuma longa) is a flowering plant in the ginger family Zingiberaceae. Food coloring and Turmeric are food additives and food colorings.

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William Henry Perkin

Sir William Henry Perkin (12 March 1838 – 14 July 1907) was a British chemist and entrepreneur best known for his serendipitous discovery of the first commercial synthetic organic dye, mauveine, made from aniline.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_coloring

Also known as Artificial Color, Artificial coloring, Artificial colors, Artificial colouring, Artificial colours, Color additive, Coloring matter, Colorings, Colour additives, Colourings, FD&C number, FD&C numbers, Food Dye, Food color, Food colorant, Food colorants, Food coloring agents, Food colorings, Food colors, Food colour, Food colourant, Food colouring, Food dyes.

, Green S, Heinz, Hexane, Hot dog, Indigo, Indigo carmine, International Food Information Council, Β-Carotene, Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, Ketchup, Lake pigment, Lead(II,IV) oxide, Light green SF, Lutein, Lycopene, Mauveine, Medication, Member state of the European Union, Middle Ages, Modern era, Naphthol yellow S, Orange B, Paprika oleoresin, Paste (food), Patent Blue V, Pigment, Ponceau 3R, Ponceau 4R, Precautionary principle, Prussian blue, Pure Food and Drug Act, Quinoline Yellow WS, Regulatory agency, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Saffron, Salicylic acid, Sambucus, Sausage, Scarlet GN, Scheele's Green, Solvent, Sudan II, Sunset yellow FCF, Synthetic colorant, Tartrazine, Taste, Throat lozenge, Turmeric, William Henry Perkin.

Food coloring, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Food technology

References