Fortriu, the Glossary
Fortriu (Verturiones; *Foirtrinn; Wærteras; *Uerteru) was a Pictish kingdom recorded between the 4th and 10th centuries.[1]
Table of Contents
117 relations: Adomnán, Alex Woolf, Amlaíb Conung, Ammianus Marcellinus, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Anglo-Saxons, Angus, Scotland, Annals of Ulster, Argyll, Attacotti, Auisle, Áed mac Boanta, Æthelstan, Ímar ua Ímair, Óengus I, Battle of Dun Nechtain, Bede, Bridei I, Bridei IV, Bridei son of Beli, British Isles, Brittonic languages, Cathróe of Metz, Causantín mac Fergusa, Cáin Adomnáin, Cenél Loairn, Cenél nÓengusa, Cenél nGabráin, Central Lowlands, Chronicle of Melrose, Chronicle of the Kings of Alba, Clackmannanshire, Columba, Comgall mac Domangairt, Common Brittonic, Conall mac Taidg, Curetán, Dative case, Dál Riata, De Situ Albanie, Deanery, Decantae, Dicalydones, Dub, King of Scotland, Dunnottar Castle, Earl of Moray, Early Middle Ages, Easter Ross, Eóganan mac Óengusa, Eben William Robertson, ... Expand index (67 more) »
- Former countries in the British Isles
- Pictish territories
- Picts
- States and territories disestablished in the 10th century
- States and territories established in the 4th century
Adomnán
Adomnán or Adamnán of Iona (Adamnanus, Adomnanus; 624 – 704), also known as Eunan (from), was an abbot of Iona Abbey (679–704), hagiographer, statesman, canon jurist, and saint.
Alex Woolf
Alex Woolf (born 12 July 1963) is a British medieval historian and academic.
Amlaíb Conung
Amlaíb Conung (Óláfr; died c. 874) was a Viking leader in Ireland and Scotland in the mid-late ninth century.
Ammianus Marcellinus
Ammianus Marcellinus, occasionally anglicised as Ammian (Greek: Αμμιανός Μαρκελλίνος; born, died 400), was a Roman soldier and historian who wrote the penultimate major historical account surviving from antiquity (preceding Procopius).
See Fortriu and Ammianus Marcellinus
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a collection of annals in Old English, chronicling the history of the Anglo-Saxons.
See Fortriu and Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
Anglo-Saxons
The Anglo-Saxons, the English or Saxons of Britain, were a cultural group who spoke Old English and inhabited much of what is now England and south-eastern Scotland in the Early Middle Ages.
Angus, Scotland
Angus (Angus; Aonghas) is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland, a registration county and a lieutenancy area.
See Fortriu and Angus, Scotland
Annals of Ulster
The Annals of Ulster (Annála Uladh) are annals of medieval Ireland.
See Fortriu and Annals of Ulster
Argyll
Argyll (archaically Argyle; Earra-Ghàidheal), sometimes called Argyllshire, is a historic county and registration county of western Scotland.
Attacotti
Attacotti, Atticoti, Attacoti, Atecotti, Atticotti, and Atecutti were Latin names for a people first recorded as raiding Roman Britain between 364 and 368, alongside the Scoti, Picts, Saxons, Roman military deserters and the indigenous Britons themselves.
Auisle
Auisle or Óisle (Ásl or Auðgísl; died c. 867) was a Viking leader in Ireland and Scotland in the mid-late ninth century.
Áed mac Boanta
Áed mac Boanta (died 839) is believed to have been a king of Dál Riata.
See Fortriu and Áed mac Boanta
Æthelstan
Æthelstan or Athelstan (– 27 October 939) was King of the Anglo-Saxons from 924 to 927 and King of the English from 927 to his death in 939.
Ímar ua Ímair
Ímar ua Ímair (Ívarr, died 904); also known as Ivar II, was a Norse-Gaelic King of Dublin.
Óengus I
Óengus son of Fergus (*Onuist map Vurguist; lit; died 761) was king of the Picts from 732 until his death in 761.
Battle of Dun Nechtain
The Battle of Dun Nechtain or Battle of Nechtansmere (Old Welsh: Gueith Linn Garan) was fought between the Picts, led by King Bridei Mac Bili, and the Northumbrians, led by King Ecgfrith, on 20 May 685.
See Fortriu and Battle of Dun Nechtain
Bede
Bede (Bēda; 672/326 May 735), also known as Saint Bede, the Venerable Bede, and Bede the Venerable (Beda Venerabilis), was an English monk, author and scholar.
See Fortriu and Bede
Bridei I
Bridei son of Maelchon (died 586) was King of the Picts from 554 to 584.
Bridei IV
Bridei son of Der-Ilei (Bruide mac Derilei; died 706) was king of the Picts from 697 until 706.
Bridei son of Beli
Bridei son of Beli, died 692 was king of Fortriu and of the Picts from 671 until 692.
See Fortriu and Bridei son of Beli
British Isles
The British Isles are a group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-western coast of continental Europe, consisting of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Inner and Outer Hebrides, the Northern Isles (Orkney and Shetland), and over six thousand smaller islands.
Brittonic languages
The Brittonic languages (also Brythonic or British Celtic; ieithoedd Brythonaidd/Prydeinig; yethow brythonek/predennek; and yezhoù predenek) form one of the two branches of the Insular Celtic language family; the other is Goidelic.
See Fortriu and Brittonic languages
Cathróe of Metz
Saint Cathróe (circa 900–971) was a monk and abbot.
See Fortriu and Cathróe of Metz
Causantín mac Fergusa
Causantín or Constantín mac Fergusa ("Constantine son of Fergus") (789–820) was king of the Picts, in modern Scotland, from 789 until 820.
See Fortriu and Causantín mac Fergusa
Cáin Adomnáin
The Cáin Adomnáin ("Law of Adomnán"), also known as the Lex Innocentium (Law of Innocents), was promulgated amongst a gathering of Gaelic and Pictish notables at the Synod of Birr in 697.
Cenél Loairn
The Cenél Loairn, the descendants of Loarn mac Eirc, controlled parts of northern Argyll around the Firth of Lorne, most probably centred in Lorne but perhaps including the islands of Mull and Colonsay, Morvern and Ardnamurchan.
Cenél nÓengusa
The Cenél nÓengusa were a kin group who ruled the island of Islay, and perhaps nearby Colonsay, off the western coast of Scotland in the early Middle Ages.
See Fortriu and Cenél nÓengusa
Cenél nGabráin
The Cenél nGabráin was a kingroup, presumed to descend from Gabrán mac Domangairt, which dominated the kingship of Dál Riata until the late 7th century and continued to provide kings thereafter.
See Fortriu and Cenél nGabráin
Central Lowlands
The Central Lowlands, sometimes called the Midland Valley or Central Valley, is a geologically defined area of relatively low-lying land in southern Scotland.
See Fortriu and Central Lowlands
Chronicle of Melrose
The Chronicle of Melrose is a medieval chronicle from the Cottonian Manuscript, Faustina B. ix within the British Museum.
See Fortriu and Chronicle of Melrose
Chronicle of the Kings of Alba
The Chronicle of the Kings of Alba, or Scottish Chronicle, is a short written chronicle covering the period from the time of Kenneth MacAlpin (Cináed mac Ailpín) (d. 858) until the reign of Kenneth II (Cináed mac Maíl Coluim) (r. 971–995).
See Fortriu and Chronicle of the Kings of Alba
Clackmannanshire
Clackmannanshire (Clackmannanshire; Siorrachd Chlach Mhanann), or the County of Clackmannan, is a historic county, council area, registration county and lieutenancy area in Scotland, bordering the council areas of Stirling, Fife, and Perth and Kinross.
See Fortriu and Clackmannanshire
Columba
Columba or Colmcille (7 December 521 – 9 June 597 AD) was an Irish abbot and missionary evangelist credited with spreading Christianity in what is today Scotland at the start of the Hiberno-Scottish mission.
Comgall mac Domangairt
Comgall mac Domangairt was king of Dál Riata in the early 6th century.
See Fortriu and Comgall mac Domangairt
Common Brittonic
Common Brittonic (Brythoneg; Brythonek; Predeneg), also known as British, Common Brythonic, or Proto-Brittonic, is an extinct Celtic language spoken in Britain and Brittany.
See Fortriu and Common Brittonic
Conall mac Taidg
Conall mac Taidg (died c. 807) (Conall son of Tadc) was a king of the Picts from 785 until 789.
See Fortriu and Conall mac Taidg
Curetán
Saint Curetán (Latin: Curitanus, Kiritinus, or Boniface) was a Scoto-Pictish bishop and saint, (fl. between 690 and 710).
Dative case
In grammar, the dative case (abbreviated, or sometimes when it is a core argument) is a grammatical case used in some languages to indicate the recipient or beneficiary of an action, as in "", Latin for "Maria gave Jacob a drink".
Dál Riata
Dál Riata or Dál Riada (also Dalriada) was a Gaelic kingdom that encompassed the western seaboard of Scotland and north-eastern Ireland, on each side of the North Channel. Fortriu and Dál Riata are former countries in the British Isles.
De Situ Albanie
De Situ Albanie (or dSA for short) is the name given to the first of seven Scottish documents found in the so-called Poppleton Manuscript, now in the Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris.
See Fortriu and De Situ Albanie
Deanery
A deanery (or decanate) is an ecclesiastical entity in the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Anglican Communion, the Evangelical Church in Germany, and the Church of Norway.
Decantae
The Decantae were a people of ancient Britain, known only from a single mention of them by the geographer Ptolemy c. 150. Fortriu and Decantae are Picts.
Dicalydones
The Dicalydones were mentioned by the 4th century writer Ammianus Marcellinus as one of the two branches of the Picti, the Picts, the inhabitants of modern-day Scotland (the other being the Verturiones). Fortriu and Dicalydones are Picts.
Dub, King of Scotland
Dub mac Maíl Coluim (Modern Gaelic: Dubh mac Mhaoil Chaluim), Dub mac Maíl Coluim is the Mediaeval Gaelic form.
See Fortriu and Dub, King of Scotland
Dunnottar Castle
Dunnottar Castle (Dùn Fhoithear, "fort on the shelving slope") is a ruined medieval fortress located upon a rocky headland on the north-eastern coast of Scotland, about south of Stonehaven.
See Fortriu and Dunnottar Castle
Earl of Moray
The title Earl of Moray, or Mormaer of Moray, was originally held by the rulers of the Province of Moray, which existed from the 10th century with varying degrees of independence from the Kingdom of Alba to the south.
Early Middle Ages
The Early Middle Ages (or early medieval period), sometimes controversially referred to as the Dark Ages, is typically regarded by historians as lasting from the late 5th to the 10th century.
See Fortriu and Early Middle Ages
Easter Ross
Easter Ross (Ros an Ear) is a loosely defined area in the east of Ross, Highland, Scotland.
Eóganan mac Óengusa
Uuen son of Onuist (Eogán mac Óengusa; died 839), commonly referred to by the hypocoristic Eóganán, was king of the Picts between A.D. 837–839.
See Fortriu and Eóganan mac Óengusa
Eben William Robertson
Eben William Robertson (17 September 1815 – 3 June 1874) was a British historian.
See Fortriu and Eben William Robertson
Ecgfrith of Northumbria
Ecgfrith (Ecgfrið; 64520 May 685) was the King of Deira from 664 until 670, and then King of Northumbria from 670 until his death in 20 May 685 possibly at age of 31.
See Fortriu and Ecgfrith of Northumbria
Elgin, Moray
Elgin (Ailgin; Eilginn) is a historic town (former cathedral city) and formerly a royal burgh in Moray, Scotland.
Ethnicity
An ethnicity or ethnic group is a group of people who identify with each other on the basis of perceived shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups.
Fife
Fife (Fìobha,; Fife) is a council area, historic county, registration county and lieutenancy area of Scotland. Fortriu and Fife are Pictish territories.
See Fortriu and Fife
Forres
Forres (Farrais) is a town and former royal burgh in the north of Scotland on the Moray coast, approximately northeast of Inverness and west of Elgin.
Fothriff
Fothriff or Fothrif was a province of Scotland in the Middle Ages.
Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
The Fragmentary Annals of Ireland or Three Fragments are a Middle Irish combination of chronicles from various Irish annals and narrative history.
See Fortriu and Fragmentary Annals of Ireland
Franks
Aristocratic Frankish burial items from the Merovingian dynasty The Franks (Franci or gens Francorum;; Francs.) were a western European people during the Roman Empire and Middle Ages.
Fullofaudes
Fullofaudes was a Dux Britanniarum, a military leader in Roman Britain in the later fourth century.
Gaels
The Gaels (Na Gaeil; Na Gàidheil; Ny Gaeil) are an ethnolinguistic group native to Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man.
Genitive case
In grammar, the genitive case (abbreviated) is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun—thus indicating an attributive relationship of one noun to the other noun.
Geography (Ptolemy)
The Geography (Γεωγραφικὴ Ὑφήγησις,, "Geographical Guidance"), also known by its Latin names as the Geographia and the Cosmographia, is a gazetteer, an atlas, and a treatise on cartography, compiling the geographical knowledge of the 2nd-century Roman Empire.
See Fortriu and Geography (Ptolemy)
Gnaeus Julius Agricola
Gnaeus Julius Agricola (13 June 40 – 23 August 93) was a Roman general and politician responsible for much of the Roman conquest of Britain.
See Fortriu and Gnaeus Julius Agricola
Goidelic languages
The Goidelic or Gaelic languages (teangacha Gaelacha; cànanan Goidhealach; çhengaghyn Gaelgagh) form one of the two groups of Insular Celtic languages, the other being the Brittonic languages.
See Fortriu and Goidelic languages
Gowrie
Gowrie (Gobharaidh) is a region in central Scotland and one of the original provinces of the Kingdom of Alba.
Grampian Mountains
The Grampian Mountains (Am Monadh) is one of the three major mountain ranges in Scotland, that together occupy about half of Scotland.
See Fortriu and Grampian Mountains
Great Conspiracy
The Great Conspiracy was a year-long state of war and disorder that occurred near the end of Roman Britain.
See Fortriu and Great Conspiracy
Great Glen
The Great Glen (An Gleann Mòr), also known as Glen Albyn (from the Gaelic Gleann Albainn "Glen of Scotland") or Glen More (from the Gaelic Gleann Mòr), is a glen in Scotland running for from Inverness on the edge of the Moray Firth, in an approximately straight line to Fort William at the head of Loch Linnhe.
Hagiography
A hagiography is a biography of a saint or an ecclesiastical leader, as well as, by extension, an adulatory and idealized biography of a preacher, priest, founder, saint, monk, nun or icon in any of the world's religions.
High Middle Ages
The High Middle Ages, or High Medieval Period, was the period of European history that lasted from AD 1000 to 1300.
See Fortriu and High Middle Ages
Historia Regum
The Historia Regum ("History of the Kings") is a historical compilation attributed to Symeon of Durham, which presents material going from the death of Bede until 1129.
See Fortriu and Historia Regum
House of Óengus
The House of Óengus is a proposed dynasty that may have ruled as Kings of the Picts and possibly of all of northern Great Britain, for approximately a century from the 730s to the 830s AD.
See Fortriu and House of Óengus
Ireland
Ireland (Éire; Ulster-Scots: Airlann) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in north-western Europe.
Irish annals
A number of Irish annals, of which the earliest was the Chronicle of Ireland, were compiled up to and shortly after the end of the 17th century.
John Rhŷs
Sir John Rhŷs, (also spelled Rhys; 21 June 1840 – 17 December 1915) was a Welsh scholar, fellow of the British Academy, Celticist and the first professor of Celtic at Oxford University.
Kingdom of Alba
The Kingdom of Alba (Scotia; Alba) was the Kingdom of Scotland between the deaths of Donald II in 900 and of Alexander III in 1286. Fortriu and Kingdom of Alba are former countries in the British Isles.
See Fortriu and Kingdom of Alba
Kingdom of Strathclyde
Strathclyde (lit. "broad valley of the Clyde",, Cumbria) was a Brittonic kingdom in northern Britain during the Middle Ages.
See Fortriu and Kingdom of Strathclyde
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
Life of Columba
The Life of Columba (Vita Columbae) is a hagiography recounting the life of Columba, the founder of Iona Abbey, written a century after Columba's death by Adomnán, one of his successors as Abbot of Iona.
See Fortriu and Life of Columba
List of Scottish monarchs
The monarch of Scotland was the head of state of the Kingdom of Scotland.
See Fortriu and List of Scottish monarchs
Macbeth, King of Scotland
Macbethad mac Findláech (anglicised as Macbeth MacFinlay; died 15 August 1057), nicknamed the Red King (Rí Deircc), was King of Scotland from 1040 until his death in 1057.
See Fortriu and Macbeth, King of Scotland
Malcolm I of Scotland
Máel Coluim mac Domnaill (anglicised Malcolm I; died 954) was king of Alba (before 943–954), becoming king when his cousin Constantine II abdicated to become a monk.
See Fortriu and Malcolm I of Scotland
Menteith
Menteith or Monteith (Mòine Tèadhaich), a district of south Perthshire, Scotland, roughly comprises the territory between the Teith and the Forth.
Metz
Metz (Divodurum Mediomatricorum, then Mettis) is a city in northeast France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers.
See Fortriu and Metz
Moray
Moray (Moireibh or Moireabh) is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland.
Moray Firth
The Moray Firth (An Cuan Moireach, Linne Mhoireibh or Caolas Mhoireibh) is a roughly triangular inlet (or firth) of the North Sea, north and east of Inverness, which is in the Highland council area of the north of Scotland.
Mounth
The Mounth is the broad upland in northeast Scotland between the Highland Boundary and the River Dee, at the eastern end of the Grampians.
Nechtan mac Der-Ilei
Naiton son of Der-Ilei (Nechtan mac Derilei; died 732), also called Naiton son of Dargart (Nechtan mac Dargarto), was king of the Picts between 706–724 and between 728–729.
See Fortriu and Nechtan mac Der-Ilei
Nominative case
In grammar, the nominative case (abbreviated), subjective case, straight case, or upright case is one of the grammatical cases of a noun or other part of speech, which generally marks the subject of a verb, or (in Latin and formal variants of English) a predicative nominal or adjective, as opposed to its object, or other verb arguments.
See Fortriu and Nominative case
North Sea
The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Denmark, Norway, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and France.
Northumbria
Northumbria (Norþanhymbra rīċe; Regnum Northanhymbrorum) was an early medieval Anglo-Saxon kingdom in what is now Northern England and south-east Scotland.
Old English
Old English (Englisċ or Ænglisc), or Anglo-Saxon, was the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages.
Old Irish
Old Irish, also called Old Gaelic (Goídelc, Ogham script: ᚌᚑᚔᚇᚓᚂᚉ; Sean-Ghaeilge; Seann-Ghàidhlig; Shenn Yernish or Shenn Ghaelg), is the oldest form of the Goidelic/Gaelic language for which there are extensive written texts.
Orkney
Orkney (Orkney; Orkneyjar; Orknøjar), also known as the Orkney Islands (archaically "The Orkneys"), is an archipelago off the north coast of Scotland.
Perthshire
Perthshire (locally:; Siorrachd Pheairt), officially the County of Perth, is a historic county and registration county in central Scotland.
Pictish language
Pictish is an extinct Brittonic Celtic language spoken by the Picts, the people of eastern and northern Scotland from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages.
See Fortriu and Pictish language
Picts
The Picts were a group of peoples in what is now Scotland north of the Firth of Forth, in the Early Middle Ages.
Province of Moray
Moray (Muréb; Moravia; Mýræfi) was a province within the area of modern-day Scotland, that may at times up to the 12th century have operated as an independent kingdom or as a power base for competing claimants to the Kingdom of Alba.
See Fortriu and Province of Moray
Provinces of Scotland
The provinces of Scotland were the primary subdivisions of the early Kingdom of Alba, first recorded in the 10th century and probably developing from earlier Pictish territories.
See Fortriu and Provinces of Scotland
Ptolemy
Claudius Ptolemy (Πτολεμαῖος,; Claudius Ptolemaeus; AD) was an Alexandrian mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were important to later Byzantine, Islamic, and Western European science.
River Findhorn
The River Findhorn (Uisge Éire) is one of the longest rivers in Scotland.
See Fortriu and River Findhorn
River Forth
The River Forth is a major river in central Scotland, long, which drains into the North Sea on the east coast of the country.
River Ness
The River Ness (Abhainn Nis) is a river in Highland, Scotland, UK.
Romanitas
Romanitas is the collection of political and cultural concepts and practices by which the Romans defined themselves.
Rosemarkie
Rosemarkie (Rossmartnie, from Ros Mhaircnidh meaning "promontory of the horse stream") is a village on the south coast of the Black Isle peninsula in Ross-shire (Ross and Cromarty), northern Scotland.
Ross, Scotland
Ross (Ros) is a region of Scotland.
See Fortriu and Ross, Scotland
Saxons
The Saxons, sometimes called the Old Saxons, were the Germanic people of "Old" Saxony (Antiqua Saxonia) which became a Carolingian "stem duchy" in 804, in what is now northern Germany.
Scoti
Scoti or Scotti is a Latin name for the Gaels,Duffy, Seán.
Scotland
Scotland (Scots: Scotland; Scottish Gaelic: Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.
Siege of Dumbarton
The siege of Dumbarton was a successful four-month siege of the Brittonic fortress at Dumbarton Rock in 870, initiated by the Viking leaders Amlaíb, King of Dublin, and Ímar.
See Fortriu and Siege of Dumbarton
Strathearn
Strathearn or Strath Earn, also the Earn Valley, is the strath of the River Earn, which flows from Loch Earn to meet the River Tay in the east of Scotland.
The Prophecy of Berchán
The Prophecy of Berchán is a relatively long historical poem written in the Middle Irish language.
See Fortriu and The Prophecy of Berchán
Vacomagi
The Vacomagi were a people of ancient Britain, known only from a single mention of them by the geographer Claudius Ptolemy (AD c.100–c.170). Fortriu and Vacomagi are Picts.
Valentinian I
Valentinian I (Valentinianus; 32117 November 375), sometimes called Valentinian the Great, was Roman emperor from 364 to 375.
Vikings
Vikings were seafaring people originally from Scandinavia (present-day Denmark, Norway, and Sweden), who from the late 8th to the late 11th centuries raided, pirated, traded, and settled throughout parts of Europe.
Welsh language
Welsh (Cymraeg or y Gymraeg) is a Celtic language of the Brittonic subgroup that is native to the Welsh people.
See Fortriu and Welsh language
William Forbes Skene
William Forbes Skene WS FRSE FSA(Scot) DCL LLD (7 June 1809 – 29 August 1892), was a Scottish lawyer, historian and antiquary.
See Fortriu and William Forbes Skene
See also
Former countries in the British Isles
- Angevin Empire
- Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
- Cé (Pictish territory)
- Commonwealth of England
- Dál Riata
- Deira
- Dumnonia
- Eidyn
- Fortriu
- Galloway
- Gododdin
- Kingdom of Alba
- Kingdom of Cat
- Kingdom of England
- Kingdom of Great Britain
- Kingdom of Scotland
- Kingdom of Sussex
- Kingdom of the Rhinns
- Kingdoms of Wales
- Rheged
- Roman Britain
- Scandinavian York
Pictish territories
Picts
- Battle of 839
- Brough of Birsay
- Caereni
- Caledonians
- Carnonacae
- Charmstone
- Clatchard Craig
- Cornovii (Caithness)
- Creones
- Decantae
- Dicalydones
- Dundurn, Scotland
- Fortriu
- Gaelicisation
- Gwyddyl Ffichti
- James E. Fraser (historian)
- Jarlshof
- Kingdom of Cat
- Lugi
- MacAlpin's treason
- Maeatae
- Norrie's Law hoard
- Old Scatness
- Origins of the Kingdom of Alba
- Pictish people
- Picts
- Seven Children of Cruithne
- Smertae
- Taexali
- Triple pipes
- Vacomagi
- Venicones
- Vettweiss-Froitzheim Dice Tower
States and territories disestablished in the 10th century
- Bactria
- Dachanghe
- Fortriu
- Principality of Serbia (early medieval)
- Saindhava
- Slavs in Lower Pannonia
- Third Era of Northern Domination
- Veleti
States and territories established in the 4th century
- Arcadia Aegypti
- Britannia Prima
- Britannia Secunda
- Domnonée
- Dumnonia
- Euphratensis
- Flavia Caesariensis
- Fortriu
- Isauria
- Kingdom of Burgundy
- Kings of Umhaill
- Maxima Caesariensis
- Nobatia
- Rouran
- Rouran Khaganate
- Salihids
- Tokharistan
- Uí Fidgenti
- Uí Liatháin
- Uí Mháine
- Umhaill
- Vianden
- Viennensis
- Western Ganga dynasty
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortriu
Also known as Fortrenn, Kingdom of Fortriu, Verturian, Verturiones, Waerteras.
, Ecgfrith of Northumbria, Elgin, Moray, Ethnicity, Fife, Forres, Fothriff, Fragmentary Annals of Ireland, Franks, Fullofaudes, Gaels, Genitive case, Geography (Ptolemy), Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Goidelic languages, Gowrie, Grampian Mountains, Great Conspiracy, Great Glen, Hagiography, High Middle Ages, Historia Regum, House of Óengus, Ireland, Irish annals, John Rhŷs, Kingdom of Alba, Kingdom of Strathclyde, Latin, Life of Columba, List of Scottish monarchs, Macbeth, King of Scotland, Malcolm I of Scotland, Menteith, Metz, Moray, Moray Firth, Mounth, Nechtan mac Der-Ilei, Nominative case, North Sea, Northumbria, Old English, Old Irish, Orkney, Perthshire, Pictish language, Picts, Province of Moray, Provinces of Scotland, Ptolemy, River Findhorn, River Forth, River Ness, Romanitas, Rosemarkie, Ross, Scotland, Saxons, Scoti, Scotland, Siege of Dumbarton, Strathearn, The Prophecy of Berchán, Vacomagi, Valentinian I, Vikings, Welsh language, William Forbes Skene.