en.unionpedia.org

Franc affair, the Glossary

The Franc affair (frankhamisítási botrány) was a plot by Hungarian nationalists to forge French bank notes.^[1]

76 relations: Adolf Hitler, Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War, Allies of World War I, Amsterdam Centraal station, Archduke Albrecht Franz, Duke of Teschen, Aristide Briand, Armistice of Belgrade, Austria-Hungary, Bank of France, Budapest, Central Powers, Charles I of Austria, Cologne, Copenhagen, Counterfeit money, Criminal investigation, Czechoslovak koruna, Diplomatic bag, Diplomatic courier, Diplomatic immunity, Dorothy Thompson, Dutch guilder, Edvard Beneš, Erich Ludendorff, Euronext, First Czechoslovak Republic, First Hungarian Republic, French franc, Georges Clemenceau, Graz, Gyula Mészáros, Hamburg, Hubert Renfro Knickerbocker, Hungarian Soviet Republic, Hyperinflation, International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency, Interpol, Irredentism, István Bethlen, Iván Rakovszky, Johannes Schober, Károly Csáky, Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946), Kingdom of Romania, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, League of Nations, Leipzig, Locarno Treaties, Mihály Károlyi, Miklós Horthy, ... Expand index (26 more) »
1920s in Hungary
1925 crimes in Hungary
1925 in the Netherlands
Aftermath of World War I in Hungary
Economic history of Hungary
France–Hungary relations
Hungarian irredentism
Money forgery
Political scandals in Hungary

Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945.

See Franc affair and Adolf Hitler

Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War

The Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War consisted of a series of multi-national military expeditions that began in 1918.

See Franc affair and Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War

The Allies, the Entente or the Triple Entente was an international military coalition of countries led by France, the United Kingdom, Russia, the United States, Italy, and Japan against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria in World War I (1914–1918).

See Franc affair and Allies of World War I

Amsterdam Centraal station

Amsterdam Centraal station (Station Amsterdam Centraal; abbreviation: Asd) is the largest railway station in Amsterdam, North Holland, the Netherlands.

See Franc affair and Amsterdam Centraal station

Archduke Albrecht Franz, Duke of Teschen

Albert Franz Josef Karl Friedrich Georg Hubert Maria, Archduke of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia, Duke of Teschen (In German: Erzherzog Albrecht Franz Josef Karl Friedrich Georg Hubert Maria von Österreich, Herzog von Teschen) – (24 July 1897 – 23 July 1955) was a member of the House of Habsburg and titular pretender to the Duchy of Teschen.

See Franc affair and Archduke Albrecht Franz, Duke of Teschen

Aristide Briand

Aristide Pierre Henri Briand (28 March 18627 March 1932) was a French statesman who served eleven terms as Prime Minister of France during the French Third Republic.

See Franc affair and Aristide Briand

Armistice of Belgrade

The armistice of Belgrade was an agreement on the termination of World War I hostilities between the Triple Entente and the Kingdom of Hungary concluded in Belgrade on 13 November 1918.

See Franc affair and Armistice of Belgrade

Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918.

See Franc affair and Austria-Hungary

Bank of France

The Bank of France (Banque de France, the name used by the bank to refer to itself in all English communications) is the French member of the Eurosystem.

See Franc affair and Bank of France

Budapest

Budapest is the capital and most populous city of Hungary.

See Franc affair and Budapest

Central Powers

The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,Mittelmächte; Központi hatalmak; İttıfâq Devletleri, Bağlaşma Devletleri; translit were one of the two main coalitions that fought in World War I (1914–1918).

See Franc affair and Central Powers

Charles I of Austria

Charles I (Karl Franz Josef Ludwig Hubert Georg Otto Maria, Károly Ferenc József Lajos Hubert György Ottó Mária; 17 August 18871 April 1922) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary and King of Croatia (as Charles IV), King of Bohemia (as Charles III), and the last of the monarchs belonging to the House of Habsburg-Lorraine to rule over Austria-Hungary.

See Franc affair and Charles I of Austria

Cologne

Cologne (Köln; Kölle) is the largest city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the fourth-most populous city of Germany with nearly 1.1 million inhabitants in the city proper and over 3.1 million people in the Cologne Bonn urban region.

See Franc affair and Cologne

Copenhagen

Copenhagen (København) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a population of 1.4 million in the urban area.

See Franc affair and Copenhagen

Counterfeit money

Counterfeit money is currency produced outside of the legal sanction of a state or government, usually in a deliberate attempt to imitate that currency and so as to deceive its recipient. Franc affair and Counterfeit money are money forgery.

See Franc affair and Counterfeit money

Criminal investigation

Criminal investigation is an applied science that involves the study of facts that are then used to inform criminal trials.

See Franc affair and Criminal investigation

Czechoslovak koruna

The Czechoslovak koruna (in Czech and Slovak: koruna československá, at times koruna česko-slovenská; koruna means crown) was the currency of Czechoslovakia from 10 April 1919 to 14 March 1939, and from 1 November 1945 to 7 February 1993.

See Franc affair and Czechoslovak koruna

Diplomatic bag

A diplomatic bag, also known as a diplomatic pouch, is a container with certain legal protections used for carrying official correspondence or other items between a diplomatic mission and its home government or other diplomatic, consular, or otherwise official entity.

See Franc affair and Diplomatic bag

Diplomatic courier

A diplomatic courier is an official who secures and transports diplomatic bags.

See Franc affair and Diplomatic courier

Diplomatic immunity

Diplomatic immunity is a principle of international law by which certain foreign government officials are recognized as having legal immunity from the jurisdiction of another country.

See Franc affair and Diplomatic immunity

Dorothy Thompson

Dorothy Celene Thompson (July 9, 1893 – January 30, 1961) was an American journalist and radio broadcaster.

See Franc affair and Dorothy Thompson

Dutch guilder

The guilder (gulden) or florin was the currency of the Netherlands from 1434 until 2002, when it was replaced by the euro.

See Franc affair and Dutch guilder

Edvard Beneš

Edvard Beneš (28 May 1884 – 3 September 1948) was a Czech politician and statesman who served as the president of Czechoslovakia from 1935 to 1938, and again from 1939 to 1948.

See Franc affair and Edvard Beneš

Erich Ludendorff

Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Ludendorff (9 April 1865 – 20 December 1937) was a German military officer and politician who contributed significantly to the Nazis' rise to power.

See Franc affair and Erich Ludendorff

Euronext

Euronext N.V. (short for European New Exchange Technology) is a pan-European bourse that provides trading and post-trade services for a range of financial instruments.

See Franc affair and Euronext

First Czechoslovak Republic

The First Czechoslovak Republic (První československá republika; Prvá československá republika), often colloquially referred to as the First Republic (První republika; Prvá republika), was the first Czechoslovak state that existed from 1918 to 1938, a union of ethnic Czechs and Slovaks.

See Franc affair and First Czechoslovak Republic

First Hungarian Republic

The First Hungarian Republic (Első Magyar Köztársaság), until 21 March 1919 the Hungarian People's Republic (Magyar Népköztársaság), was a short-lived unrecognized country, which quickly transformed into a small rump state due to the foreign and military policy of the doctrinaire pacifist Károlyi government. Franc affair and First Hungarian Republic are Aftermath of World War I in Hungary.

See Franc affair and First Hungarian Republic

French franc

The franc (franc français,; sign: F or Fr), also commonly distinguished as the (FF), was a currency of France.

See Franc affair and French franc

Georges Clemenceau

Georges Benjamin Clemenceau (also,; 28 September 1841 – 24 November 1929) was a French statesman who served as Prime Minister of France from 1906 to 1909 and again from 1917 until 1920.

See Franc affair and Georges Clemenceau

Graz

Graz is the capital of the Austrian federal state of Styria and the second-largest city in Austria, after Vienna.

See Franc affair and Graz

Gyula Mészáros

Gyula Mészáros (Mészáros Gyula; 1883 – 1957) was a Hungarian ethnographer, Orientalist and Turkologist.

See Franc affair and Gyula Mészáros

Hamburg

Hamburg (Hamborg), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg,.

See Franc affair and Hamburg

Hubert Renfro Knickerbocker

Hubert Renfro Knickerbocker (January 31, 1898 – July 12, 1949) was an American journalist and author; winner of the 1931 Pulitzer Prize for Correspondence for his series of articles on the practical operation of the Five Year Plan in the Soviet Union.

See Franc affair and Hubert Renfro Knickerbocker

Hungarian Soviet Republic

The Socialist Federative Republic of Councils in Hungary (widely known in English language sources as the Hungarian Soviet Republic due to an early mistranslation in the press) was a short-lived communist state that existed from 21 March 1919 to 1 August 1919 (133 days), succeeding the First Hungarian Republic. Franc affair and Hungarian Soviet Republic are Aftermath of World War I in Hungary.

See Franc affair and Hungarian Soviet Republic

Hyperinflation

In economics, hyperinflation is a very high and typically accelerating inflation.

See Franc affair and Hyperinflation

International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency

The International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency (Convention internationale pour la répression du faux monnayage) is a 1929 League of Nations treaty whereby states agree to criminalize acts of currency counterfeiting. Franc affair and international Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency are money forgery.

See Franc affair and International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency

Interpol

The International Criminal Police Organization – INTERPOL (abbreviated as ICPO–INTERPOL), commonly known as Interpol (stylized in allcaps), is an international organization that facilitates worldwide police cooperation and crime control.

See Franc affair and Interpol

Irredentism

Irredentism is one state's desire to annex the territory of another state.

See Franc affair and Irredentism

István Bethlen

Count István Bethlen de Bethlen (8 October 1874 – 5 October 1946) was a Hungarian aristocrat and statesman and served as prime minister from 1921 to 1931.

See Franc affair and István Bethlen

Iván Rakovszky

Iván Rakovszky de Nagyrákó et Kelemenfalva (5 February 1885 – 9 September 1960) was a Hungarian politician, who served as Interior Minister between 1922 and 1926.

See Franc affair and Iván Rakovszky

Johannes Schober

Johannes "Johann" Schober (14 November 1874 in Perg – 19 August 1932 in Baden bei Wien) was an Austrian jurist, law enforcement official, and politician.

See Franc affair and Johannes Schober

Károly Csáky

Count Károly Csáky de Körösszeg et Adorján (10 April 1873 – 30 April 1945) was a Hungarian military officer and politician, who served as Minister of Defence between 1923 and 1929.

See Franc affair and Károly Csáky

Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)

The Kingdom of Hungary (Magyar Királyság), referred to retrospectively as the Regency and the Horthy era, existed as a country from 1920 to 1946 under the rule of Miklós Horthy, Regent of Hungary, who officially represented the Hungarian monarchy. Franc affair and Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946) are 1920s in Hungary.

See Franc affair and Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)

Kingdom of Romania

The Kingdom of Romania (Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy that existed from 13 March (O.S.) / 25 March 1881 with the crowning of prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as King Carol I (thus beginning the Romanian royal family), until 1947 with the abdication of King Michael I and the Romanian parliament's proclamation of the Romanian People's Republic.

See Franc affair and Kingdom of Romania

Kingdom of Yugoslavia

The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a country in Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 until 1941.

See Franc affair and Kingdom of Yugoslavia

League of Nations

The League of Nations (LN or LoN; Société des Nations, SdN) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace.

See Franc affair and League of Nations

Leipzig

Leipzig (Upper Saxon: Leibz'sch) is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony.

See Franc affair and Leipzig

Locarno Treaties

The Locarno Treaties were seven agreements negotiated in Locarno, Switzerland, from 5 to 16 October 1925 and formally signed in London on 1 December, in which the First World War Western European Allied powers and the new states of Central and Eastern Europe sought to secure the post-war territorial settlement, in return for normalizing relations with the defeated German Reich (the Weimar Republic).

See Franc affair and Locarno Treaties

Mihály Károlyi

Count Mihály Ádám György Miklós Károlyi de Nagykároly (gróf nagykárolyi Károlyi Mihály Ádám György Miklós; Michael Adam George Nicholas Károlyi; or in short simple form: Michael Károlyi; 4 March 1875 – 19 March 1955) was a Hungarian politician who served as a leader of the short-lived and unrecognized First Hungarian Republic from 1918 to 1919.

See Franc affair and Mihály Károlyi

Miklós Horthy

Miklós Horthy de Nagybánya (Vitéz"Vitéz" refers to a Hungarian knightly order founded by Miklós Horthy ("Vitézi Rend"); literally, "vitéz" means "knight" or "valiant".;; English: Nicholas Horthy; Nikolaus Horthy von Nagybánya; 18 June 1868 – 9 February 1957) was a Hungarian admiral and statesman who was the regent of the Kingdom of Hungary during the interwar period and most of World War II, from 1 March 1920 to 15 October 1944. Franc affair and Miklós Horthy are Hungarian irredentism.

See Franc affair and Miklós Horthy

Military chaplain

A military chaplain ministers to military personnel and, in most cases, their families and civilians working for the military.

See Franc affair and Military chaplain

Military Inter-Allied Commission of Control

The term Military Inter-Allied Commission of Control was used in a series of peace treaties concluded after the First World War (1914–1918) between different countries.

See Franc affair and Military Inter-Allied Commission of Control

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken; BZ) is the Netherlands' ministry responsible for foreign relations, foreign policy, international development, international trade, diaspora and matters dealing with the European Union, NATO and the Benelux Union.

See Franc affair and Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands)

Mitigating factor

In criminal law, a mitigating factor, also known as an extenuating circumstance, is any information or evidence presented to the court regarding the defendant or the circumstances of the crime that might result in reduced charges or a lesser sentence.

See Franc affair and Mitigating factor

Occupation of the Ruhr

The Occupation of the Ruhr (Ruhrbesetzung) was the period from 11 January 1923 to 25 August 1925 when French and Belgian troops occupied the Ruhr region of Weimar Republic Germany.

See Franc affair and Occupation of the Ruhr

Overprint

An overprint is an additional layer of text or graphics added to the face of a postage or revenue stamp, postal stationery, banknote or ticket after it has been printed.

See Franc affair and Overprint

Pál Teleki

Count Pál János Ede Teleki de Szék (1 November 1879 – 3 April 1941) was a Hungarian politician who served as Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1920 to 1921 and from 1939 to 1941.

See Franc affair and Pál Teleki

Prague

Prague (Praha) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia.

See Franc affair and Prague

Prussian Army

The Royal Prussian Army (1701–1919, Königlich Preußische Armee) served as the army of the Kingdom of Prussia.

See Franc affair and Prussian Army

Red Terror (Hungary)

The Red Terror in Hungary (vörösterror) was a period of repressive violence and suppression carried out by the Hungarian Communist Party in 1919 during the four-month period of the Hungarian Soviet Republic, primarily towards anti-communist forces, and others deemed "enemies of the state". Franc affair and red Terror (Hungary) are Aftermath of World War I in Hungary.

See Franc affair and Red Terror (Hungary)

Regent of Hungary

The regent of Hungary was a position established in 1446 and renewed in 1920.

See Franc affair and Regent of Hungary

Revanchism

Revanchism (revanchisme, from revanche, "revenge") is the political manifestation of the will to reverse the territorial losses which are incurred by a country, frequently after a war or after a social movement.

See Franc affair and Revanchism

Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920)

There was a period of revolutions and interventions in Hungary between 1918 and 1920.

See Franc affair and Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920)

Robert Seton-Watson

Robert William Seton-Watson (20 August 1879, in London – 25 July 1951, in Skye), commonly referred to as R. W.

See Franc affair and Robert Seton-Watson

Sûreté

Sûreté is, in some French-speaking countries or regions, the organizational title of a civil police force.

See Franc affair and Sûreté

Stockholm

Stockholm is the capital and most populous city of the Kingdom of Sweden as well as the largest urban area in the Nordic countries.

See Franc affair and Stockholm

The Hague

The Hague is the capital city of the South Holland province of the Netherlands.

See Franc affair and The Hague

Tokaj wine region

Tokaj wine region (Tokaji borvidék Vinohradnícka oblasť Tokaj) or Tokaj-Hegyalja wine region (short Tokaj-Hegyalja or Hegyalja) is a historical wine region located in northeastern Hungary and southeastern Slovakia.

See Franc affair and Tokaj wine region

Transylvania

Transylvania (Transilvania or Ardeal; Erdély; Siebenbürgen or Transsilvanien, historically Überwald, also Siweberjen in the Transylvanian Saxon dialect) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania.

See Franc affair and Transylvania

Treaty of Trianon

The Treaty of Trianon (Traité de Trianon; Trianoni békeszerződés; Trattato del Trianon; Tratatul de la Trianon) often referred to as the Peace Dictate of Trianon or Dictate of Trianon in Hungary, was prepared at the Paris Peace Conference and was signed on the one side by Hungary and, on the other, by the Entente and Associated Powers in the Grand Trianon château in Versailles on 4 June 1920.

See Franc affair and Treaty of Trianon

Turkology

Turkology (or Turcology or Turkic studies) is a complex of humanities sciences studying languages, history, literature, folklore, culture, and ethnology of people speaking Turkic languages and Turkic peoples in chronological and comparative context.

See Franc affair and Turkology

United States dollar

The United States dollar (symbol: $; currency code: USD; also abbreviated US$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies; referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, American dollar, or colloquially buck) is the official currency of the United States and several other countries.

See Franc affair and United States dollar

Vienna

Vienna (Wien; Austro-Bavarian) is the capital, most populous city, and one of nine federal states of Austria.

See Franc affair and Vienna

Vix Note

The Vix Note or Vyx Note (Vix-jegyzék or Vyx-jegyzék) was a communication note sent by (or Vyx), a French lieutenant colonel and delegate of the Entente, to the government of Mihály Károlyi of the First Hungarian Republic of the alliance's intention to make Hungary evacuate and withdraw from more territory than agreed in the Armistice of Belgrade. Franc affair and Vix Note are Aftermath of World War I in Hungary.

See Franc affair and Vix Note

White Terror (Hungary)

The White Terror in Hungary (Fehér Terror) was a two-year period (1919–1921) of repressive violence by counter-revolutionary soldiers, carried out to destroy any supporters of Hungary's short-lived Soviet republic and its Red Terror. Franc affair and White Terror (Hungary) are Aftermath of World War I in Hungary.

See Franc affair and White Terror (Hungary)

World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

See Franc affair and World War I

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc_affair

, Military chaplain, Military Inter-Allied Commission of Control, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Netherlands), Mitigating factor, Occupation of the Ruhr, Overprint, Pál Teleki, Prague, Prussian Army, Red Terror (Hungary), Regent of Hungary, Revanchism, Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920), Robert Seton-Watson, Sûreté, Stockholm, The Hague, Tokaj wine region, Transylvania, Treaty of Trianon, Turkology, United States dollar, Vienna, Vix Note, White Terror (Hungary), World War I.

Franc affair, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

1920s in Hungary

1925 crimes in Hungary

1925 in the Netherlands

Aftermath of World War I in Hungary

Economic history of Hungary

France–Hungary relations

Hungarian irredentism

Money forgery

Political scandals in Hungary

References