Freezing-point depression, the Glossary
Freezing-point depression is a drop in the maximum temperature at which a substance freezes, caused when a smaller amount of another, non-volatile substance is added.[1]
Table of Contents
63 relations: Acetic acid, Ancient Greek, Antifreeze, Arctic, Benzene, Boiling-point elevation, Calcium chloride, Camphor, Carbon disulfide, Carbon tetrachloride, Charles Blagden, Chemical potential, Chloroform, Colligative properties, Cryoscopic constant, Cyclohexane, Deicing, Diethyl ether, Differential scanning calorimetry, Dissociation (chemistry), Ebullioscopic constant, Ethanol, Eutectic system, Evolution, Fish, Freezing, Frigorific mixture, Glucose, Glycerol, Glycogen, Ice cream maker, Ideal solution, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Kelvin, Lauric acid, Magnesium chloride, Melting-point apparatus, Melting-point depression, Molality, Molar mass, Mole (unit), Mole fraction, Naphthalene, Organic chemistry, Phase transition, Phenol, Pitzer equations, Potassium acetate, Potassium formate, Rainbow smelt, ... Expand index (13 more) »
Acetic acid
Acetic acid, systematically named ethanoic acid, is an acidic, colourless liquid and organic compound with the chemical formula (also written as,, or). Vinegar is at least 4% acetic acid by volume, making acetic acid the main component of vinegar apart from water.
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Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνῐκή) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC.
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Antifreeze
An antifreeze is an additive which lowers the freezing point of a water-based liquid.
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Arctic
The Arctic is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth.
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Benzene
Benzene is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H6. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar hexagonal ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. Because it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is classed as a hydrocarbon. Benzene is a natural constituent of petroleum and is one of the elementary petrochemicals.
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Boiling-point elevation
Boiling-point elevation is the phenomenon whereby the boiling point of a liquid (a solvent) will be higher when another compound is added, meaning that a solution has a higher boiling point than a pure solvent. Freezing-point depression and boiling-point elevation are chemical properties.
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Calcium chloride
Calcium chloride is an inorganic compound, a salt with the chemical formula.
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Camphor
Camphor is a waxy, colorless solid with a strong aroma.
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Carbon disulfide
Carbon disulfide (also spelled as carbon disulphide) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula and structure.
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Carbon tetrachloride
Carbon tetrachloride, also known by many other names (such as carbon tet for short and tetrachloromethane, also recognised by the IUPAC) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CCl4.
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Charles Blagden
Sir Charles Brian Blagden FRS (17 April 1748 – 26 March 1820) was an English physician and chemist.
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Chemical potential
In thermodynamics, the chemical potential of a species is the energy that can be absorbed or released due to a change of the particle number of the given species, e.g. in a chemical reaction or phase transition.
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Chloroform
Chloroform, or trichloromethane (often abbreviated as TCM), is an organochloride with the formula and a common solvent.
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Colligative properties
In chemistry, colligative properties are those properties of solutions that depend on the ratio of the number of solute particles to the number of solvent particles in a solution, and not on the nature of the chemical species present.
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Cryoscopic constant
In thermodynamics, the cryoscopic constant,, relates molality to freezing point depression (which is a colligative property). Freezing-point depression and cryoscopic constant are phase transitions.
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Cyclohexane
Cyclohexane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula.
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Deicing
Deicing is the process of removing snow, ice or frost from a surface.
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Diethyl ether
Diethyl ether, or simply ether, is an organic compound with the chemical formula, sometimes abbreviated as.
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Differential scanning calorimetry
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermoanalytical technique in which the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference is measured as a function of temperature.
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Dissociation (chemistry)
Dissociation in chemistry is a general process in which molecules (or ionic compounds such as salts, or complexes) separate or split into other things such as atoms, ions, or radicals, usually in a reversible manner.
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Ebullioscopic constant
In thermodynamics, the ebullioscopic constant relates molality to boiling point elevation. Freezing-point depression and ebullioscopic constant are phase transitions.
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Ethanol
Ethanol (also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound with the chemical formula.
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Eutectic system
A eutectic system or eutectic mixture is a homogeneous mixture that has a melting point lower than those of the constituents. Freezing-point depression and eutectic system are phase transitions.
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Evolution
Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.
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Fish
A fish (fish or fishes) is an aquatic, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fins and a hard skull, but lacking limbs with digits.
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Freezing
Freezing is a phase transition in which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its freezing point. Freezing-point depression and freezing are phase transitions.
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Frigorific mixture
A frigorific mixture is a mixture of two or more phases in a chemical system that, so long as none of the phases are completely consumed during equilibration, reaches an equilibrium temperature that is independent of the starting temperature of the phases before they are mixed.
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Glucose
Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula.
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Glycerol
Glycerol, also called glycerine or glycerin, is a simple triol compound.
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Glycogen
Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals, fungi, and bacteria.
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Ice cream maker
A domestic ice cream maker is a machine used to make small quantities of ice cream for personal consumption.
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Ideal solution
An ideal solution or ideal mixture is a solution that exhibits thermodynamic properties analogous to those of a mixture of ideal gases.
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Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Chemical Society covering all aspects of chemical engineering.
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Kelvin
The kelvin, symbol K, is the base unit of measurement for temperature in the International System of Units (SI).
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Lauric acid
Lauric acid, systematically dodecanoic acid, is a saturated fatty acid with a 12-carbon atom chain, thus having many properties of medium-chain fatty acids.
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Magnesium chloride
Magnesium chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula.
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Melting-point apparatus
A melting-point apparatus is a scientific instrument used to determine the melting point of a substance.
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Melting-point depression
Melting-point depression is the phenomenon of reduction of the melting point of a material with a reduction of its size. Freezing-point depression and melting-point depression are phase transitions.
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Molality
In chemistry, molality is a measure of the amount of solute in a solution relative to a given mass of solvent. Freezing-point depression and molality are chemical properties.
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Molar mass
In chemistry, the molar mass (or molecular weight) of a chemical compound is defined as the ratio between the mass and the amount of substance (measured in moles) of any sample of the compound.
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Mole (unit)
The mole (symbol mol) is a unit of measurement, the base unit in the International System of Units (SI) for amount of substance, a quantity proportional to the number of elementary entities of a substance.
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Mole fraction
In chemistry, the mole fraction or molar fraction, also called mole proportion or molar proportion, is a quantity defined as the ratio between the amount of a constituent substance, ni (expressed in unit of moles, symbol mol), and the total amount of all constituents in a mixture, ntot (also expressed in moles): It is denoted xi (lowercase Roman letter x), sometimes (lowercase Greek letter chi).
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Naphthalene
Naphthalene is an organic compound with formula.
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Organic chemistry
Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms.
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Phase transition
In physics, chemistry, and other related fields like biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Freezing-point depression and phase transition are phase transitions.
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Phenol
Phenol (also known as carbolic acid, phenolic acid, or benzenol) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula.
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Pitzer equations
Pitzer equations are important for the understanding of the behaviour of ions dissolved in natural waters such as rivers, lakes and sea-water.
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Potassium acetate
Potassium acetate (also called potassium ethanoate), (CH3COOK) is the potassium salt of acetic acid.
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Potassium formate
Potassium formate, HCO2K, HCOOK, or KHCO2, is the potassium salt of formic acid.
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Rainbow smelt
The rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) is a North American species of fish of the family Osmeridae.
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Seawater
Seawater, or sea water, is water from a sea or ocean.
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Snow removal
Snow removal or snow clearing is the job of removing snow after a snowfall to make travel easier and safer.
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Sodium acetate
Sodium acetate, CH3COONa, also abbreviated NaOAc, is the sodium salt of acetic acid.
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Sodium chloride
Sodium chloride, commonly known as edible salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chlorine ions.
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Sodium formate
Sodium formate, HCOONa, is the sodium salt of formic acid, HCOOH.
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Solution (chemistry)
In chemistry, a solution is a special type of homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances.
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Solvent
A solvent (from the Latin solvō, "loosen, untie, solve") is a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution.
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Sorbitol
Sorbitol, less commonly known as glucitol, is a sugar alcohol with a sweet taste which the human body metabolizes slowly.
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Spring peeper
The spring peeper (Pseudacris crucifer) is a small chorus frog widespread throughout the eastern United States and Canada.
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Van 't Hoff factor
The van 't Hoff factor (named after Dutch chemist Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff) is a measure of the effect of a solute on colligative properties such as osmotic pressure, relative lowering in vapor pressure, boiling-point elevation and freezing-point depression.
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Vapor pressure
Vapor pressure or equilibrium vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases (solid or liquid) at a given temperature in a closed system.
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Volatility (chemistry)
In chemistry, volatility is a material quality which describes how readily a substance vaporizes. Freezing-point depression and volatility (chemistry) are chemical properties.
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Water
Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freezing-point_depression
Also known as Beckman freezing apparatus, Beckman freezing point apparatus, Beckman freezing-point apparatus, Blagden's Law, Cryoscopic method, Cryoscopy, Freezing Point Depression, Freezing-point depressant.
, Seawater, Snow removal, Sodium acetate, Sodium chloride, Sodium formate, Solution (chemistry), Solvent, Sorbitol, Spring peeper, Van 't Hoff factor, Vapor pressure, Volatility (chemistry), Water.