Frequency (statistics), the Glossary
In statistics, the frequency or absolute frequency of an event i is the number n_i of times the observation has occurred/recorded in an experiment or study.[1]
Table of Contents
56 relations: Additive smoothing, Average, Bar chart, Bayesian probability, Categorical variable, Central tendency, Chart, Cipher, Classification, Contingency table, Count data, Cumulative distribution function, Cumulative frequency analysis, Empirical distribution function, Empirical probability, Event (probability theory), Experiment, Frequency, Frequency (statistics), Frequency analysis, Frequentist probability, Histogram, Interval (mathematics), Kurtosis, Law of large numbers, Length, Letter frequency, Line chart, Marginal distribution, Maurice Kendall, Mean, Median, Multiset, Normal distribution, Normalization (statistics), Normalizing constant, Pie chart, Probability, Probability density function, Probability interpretations, Ranking, Rectangle, Sampling (statistics), Skewness, Square, Standard deviation, Statistical dispersion, Statistical hypothesis test, Statistical regularity, Statistics, ... Expand index (6 more) »
- Frequency distribution
Additive smoothing
In statistics, additive smoothing, also called Laplace smoothing or Lidstone smoothing, is a technique used to smooth count data, eliminating issues caused by certain values having 0 occurrences.
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Average
In ordinary language, an average is a single number or value that best represents a set of data.
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Bar chart
A bar chart or bar graph is a chart or graph that presents categorical data with rectangular bars with heights or lengths proportional to the values that they represent.
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Bayesian probability
Bayesian probability is an interpretation of the concept of probability, in which, instead of frequency or propensity of some phenomenon, probability is interpreted as reasonable expectation representing a state of knowledge or as quantification of a personal belief.
See Frequency (statistics) and Bayesian probability
Categorical variable
In statistics, a categorical variable (also called qualitative variable) is a variable that can take on one of a limited, and usually fixed, number of possible values, assigning each individual or other unit of observation to a particular group or nominal category on the basis of some qualitative property.
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Central tendency
In statistics, a central tendency (or measure of central tendency) is a central or typical value for a probability distribution.
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Chart
A chart (sometimes known as a graph) is a graphical representation for data visualization, in which "the data is represented by symbols, such as bars in a bar chart, lines in a line chart, or slices in a pie chart".
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Cipher
In cryptography, a cipher (or cypher) is an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption—a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a procedure.
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Classification
Classification is usually understood to mean the allocation of objects to certain pre-existing classes or categories.
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Contingency table
In statistics, a contingency table (also known as a cross tabulation or crosstab) is a type of table in a matrix format that displays the multivariate frequency distribution of the variables. Frequency (statistics) and contingency table are frequency distribution.
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Count data
In statistics, count data is a statistical data type describing countable quantities, data which can take only the counting numbers, non-negative integer values, and where these integers arise from counting rather than ranking.
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Cumulative distribution function
In probability theory and statistics, the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a real-valued random variable X, or just distribution function of X, evaluated at x, is the probability that X will take a value less than or equal to x. Every probability distribution supported on the real numbers, discrete or "mixed" as well as continuous, is uniquely identified by a right-continuous monotone increasing function (a càdlàg function) F \colon \mathbb R \rightarrow satisfying \lim_F(x).
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Cumulative frequency analysis
Cumulative frequency analysis is the analysis of the frequency of occurrence of values of a phenomenon less than a reference value. Frequency (statistics) and Cumulative frequency analysis are frequency distribution.
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Empirical distribution function
In statistics, an empirical distribution function (commonly also called an empirical cumulative distribution function, eCDF) is the distribution function associated with the empirical measure of a sample.
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Empirical probability
In probability theory and statistics, the empirical probability, relative frequency, or experimental probability of an event is the ratio of the number of outcomes in which a specified event occurs to the total number of trials, i.e. by means not of a theoretical sample space but of an actual experiment.
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Event (probability theory)
In probability theory, an event is a set of outcomes of an experiment (a subset of the sample space) to which a probability is assigned.
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Experiment
An experiment is a procedure carried out to support or refute a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of something previously untried.
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Frequency
Frequency (symbol f), most often measured in hertz (symbol: Hz), is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time.
See Frequency (statistics) and Frequency
Frequency (statistics)
In statistics, the frequency or absolute frequency of an event i is the number n_i of times the observation has occurred/recorded in an experiment or study. Frequency (statistics) and frequency (statistics) are frequency distribution.
See Frequency (statistics) and Frequency (statistics)
Frequency analysis
In cryptanalysis, frequency analysis (also known as counting letters) is the study of the frequency of letters or groups of letters in a ciphertext. Frequency (statistics) and frequency analysis are frequency distribution.
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Frequentist probability
Frequentist probability or frequentism is an interpretation of probability; it defines an event's probability as the limit of its relative frequency in many trials (the long-run probability).
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Histogram
A histogram is a visual representation of the distribution of quantitative data. Frequency (statistics) and histogram are frequency distribution.
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Interval (mathematics)
In mathematics, a (real) interval is the set of all real numbers lying between two fixed endpoints with no "gaps".
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Kurtosis
In probability theory and statistics, kurtosis (from κυρτός, kyrtos or kurtos, meaning "curved, arching") is a measure of the "tailedness" of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable.
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Law of large numbers
In probability theory, the law of large numbers (LLN) is a mathematical theorem that states that the average of the results obtained from a large number of independent random samples converges to the true value, if it exists.
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Length
Length is a measure of distance.
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Letter frequency
Letter frequency is the number of times letters of the alphabet appear on average in written language. Frequency (statistics) and letter frequency are frequency distribution.
See Frequency (statistics) and Letter frequency
Line chart
A line chart or line graph, also known as curve chart, is a type of chart that displays information as a series of data points called 'markers' connected by straight line segments.
See Frequency (statistics) and Line chart
Marginal distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the marginal distribution of a subset of a collection of random variables is the probability distribution of the variables contained in the subset.
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Maurice Kendall
Sir Maurice George Kendall, FBA (6 September 1907 – 29 March 1983) was a prominent British statistician.
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Mean
A mean is a numeric quantity representing the center of a collection of numbers and is intermediate to the extreme values of a set of numbers.
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The median of a set of numbers is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution.
See Frequency (statistics) and Median
Multiset
In mathematics, a multiset (or bag, or mset) is a modification of the concept of a set that, unlike a set, allows for multiple instances for each of its elements.
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Normal distribution
In probability theory and statistics, a normal distribution or Gaussian distribution is a type of continuous probability distribution for a real-valued random variable.
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Normalization (statistics)
In statistics and applications of statistics, normalization can have a range of meanings.
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Normalizing constant
In probability theory, a normalizing constant or normalizing factor is used to reduce any probability function to a probability density function with total probability of one.
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Pie chart
A pie chart (or a circle chart) is a circular statistical graphic which is divided into slices to illustrate numerical proportion.
See Frequency (statistics) and Pie chart
Probability
Probability is the branch of mathematics concerning events and numerical descriptions of how likely they are to occur.
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Probability density function
In probability theory, a probability density function (PDF), density function, or density of an absolutely continuous random variable, is a function whose value at any given sample (or point) in the sample space (the set of possible values taken by the random variable) can be interpreted as providing a relative likelihood that the value of the random variable would be equal to that sample.
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Probability interpretations
The word probability has been used in a variety of ways since it was first applied to the mathematical study of games of chance.
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Ranking
A ranking is a relationship between a set of items, often recorded in a list, such that, for any two items, the first is either "ranked higher than", "ranked lower than", or "ranked equal to" the second.
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Rectangle
In Euclidean plane geometry, a rectangle is a quadrilateral with four right angles.
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Sampling (statistics)
In statistics, quality assurance, and survey methodology, sampling is the selection of a subset or a statistical sample (termed sample for short) of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population.
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Skewness
In probability theory and statistics, skewness is a measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution of a real-valued random variable about its mean.
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Square
In Euclidean geometry, a square is a regular quadrilateral, which means that it has four sides of equal length and four equal angles (90-degree angles, π/2 radian angles, or right angles).
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Standard deviation
In statistics, the standard deviation is a measure of the amount of variation of a random variable expected about its mean.
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Statistical dispersion
In statistics, dispersion (also called variability, scatter, or spread) is the extent to which a distribution is stretched or squeezed.
See Frequency (statistics) and Statistical dispersion
Statistical hypothesis test
A statistical hypothesis test is a method of statistical inference used to decide whether the data sufficiently support a particular hypothesis.
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Statistical regularity
Statistical regularity is a notion in statistics and probability theory that random events exhibit regularity when repeated enough times or that enough sufficiently similar random events exhibit regularity.
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Statistics
Statistics (from German: Statistik, "description of a state, a country") is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data.
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Symmetric probability distribution
In statistics, a symmetric probability distribution is a probability distribution—an assignment of probabilities to possible occurrences—which is unchanged when its probability density function (for continuous probability distribution) or probability mass function (for discrete random variables) is reflected around a vertical line at some value of the random variable represented by the distribution.
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Three-dimensional space
In geometry, a three-dimensional space (3D space, 3-space or, rarely, tri-dimensional space) is a mathematical space in which three values (coordinates) are required to determine the position of a point.
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Variable (mathematics)
In mathematics, a variable (from Latin variabilis, "changeable") is a symbol that represents a mathematical object.
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Variance
In probability theory and statistics, variance is the expected value of the squared deviation from the mean of a random variable.
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Wiley (publisher)
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., commonly known as Wiley, is an American multinational publishing company that focuses on academic publishing and instructional materials.
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Word list
A word list (or lexicon) is a list of a language's lexicon (generally sorted by frequency of occurrence either by levels or as a ranked list) within some given text corpus, serving the purpose of vocabulary acquisition.
See Frequency (statistics) and Word list
See also
Frequency distribution
- Contingency table
- Cumulative frequency analysis
- Frequency (statistics)
- Frequency analysis
- Histogram
- Large number of rare events
- Letter frequency
- Price-Jones curve
- Probability distribution fitting
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_(statistics)
Also known as Cumulative distribution, Cumulative frequency, Cumulative frequency distribution, Frequency distribution, Frequency distribution table, Frequency distributions, Frequency prediction, Frequency table, Frequency tables, Joint frequency distribution, Marginal frequency, Relative Frequency Distribution, Relative frequency density, Statistical frequency, Trace levels, Two-way table.
, Symmetric probability distribution, Three-dimensional space, Variable (mathematics), Variance, Wiley (publisher), Word list.