GTPase, the Glossary
GTPases are a large family of hydrolase enzymes that bind to the nucleotide guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and hydrolyze it to guanosine diphosphate (GDP).[1]
Table of Contents
72 relations: AAA proteins, Adenylyl cyclase, ADP ribosylation factor, Cell (biology), Cell division, Cell growth, Cell membrane, Cell migration, Cellular differentiation, Conserved sequence, Dynamin, EEF-1, EEF2, EF-4, EF-G, EF-Tu, Enzyme, G alpha subunit, G beta-gamma complex, G protein-coupled receptor, Growth factor receptor, GTPase-activating protein, Guanine, Guanine nucleotide exchange factor, Guanosine diphosphate, Guanosine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor, Guanosine triphosphate, HBS1 like translational GTPase, Heterotrimeric G protein, Hydrolase, Hydrolysis, Ion, Ion channel, Kinesin, Lipid-anchored protein, Magnesium, Martin Rodbell, Myosin, NACHT domain, Nucleophilic substitution, Nucleotide, Phosphate, Phospholipase C, Protein, Protein biosynthesis, Protein domain, Protein subunit, Protein targeting, Rab (G-protein), Ran (protein), ... Expand index (22 more) »
- EC 3.6.5
AAA proteins
AAA (ATPases Associated with diverse cellular Activities) proteins (speak: tripple-A ATPases) are a large group of protein family sharing a common conserved module of approximately 230 amino acid residues.
Adenylyl cyclase
Adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1, also commonly known as adenyl cyclase and adenylyl cyclase, abbreviated AC) is an enzyme with systematic name ATP diphosphate-lyase (cyclizing; 3′,5′-cyclic-AMP-forming). GTPase and adenylyl cyclase are signal transduction.
See GTPase and Adenylyl cyclase
ADP ribosylation factor
ADP ribosylation factors (ARFs) are members of the ARF family of GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily.
See GTPase and ADP ribosylation factor
Cell (biology)
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life.
Cell division
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells.
Cell growth
Cell growth refers to an increase in the total mass of a cell, including both cytoplasmic, nuclear and organelle volume.
Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment (the extracellular space).
Cell migration
Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms.
Cellular differentiation
Cellular differentiation is the process in which a stem cell changes from one type to a differentiated one.
See GTPase and Cellular differentiation
Conserved sequence
In evolutionary biology, conserved sequences are identical or similar sequences in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) or proteins across species (orthologous sequences), or within a genome (paralogous sequences), or between donor and receptor taxa (xenologous sequences).
See GTPase and Conserved sequence
Dynamin
Dynamin is a GTPase responsible for endocytosis in the eukaryotic cell. GTPase and Dynamin are eC 3.6.5.
EEF-1
eEF-1 are two eukaryotic elongation factors.
See GTPase and EEF-1
EEF2
Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EEF2 gene.
See GTPase and EEF2
EF-4
Elongation factor 4 (EF-4) is an elongation factor that is thought to back-translocate on the ribosome during the translation of RNA to proteins.
See GTPase and EF-4
EF-G
EF-G (elongation factor G, historically known as translocase) is a prokaryotic elongation factor involved in mRNA translation.
See GTPase and EF-G
EF-Tu
EF-Tu (elongation factor thermo unstable) is a prokaryotic elongation factor responsible for catalyzing the binding of an aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) to the ribosome.
See GTPase and EF-Tu
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.
G alpha subunit
G alpha subunits are one of the three types of subunit of guanine nucleotide binding proteins, which are membrane-associated, heterotrimeric G proteins.
See GTPase and G alpha subunit
G beta-gamma complex
The G beta-gamma complex (Gβγ) is a tightly bound dimeric protein complex, composed of one Gβ and one Gγ subunit, and is a component of heterotrimeric G proteins.
See GTPase and G beta-gamma complex
G protein-coupled receptor
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptors, and G protein-linked receptors (GPLR), form a large group of evolutionarily related proteins that are cell surface receptors that detect molecules outside the cell and activate cellular responses. GTPase and g protein-coupled receptor are signal transduction.
See GTPase and G protein-coupled receptor
Growth factor receptor
A growth factor receptor is a receptor that binds to a growth factor.
See GTPase and Growth factor receptor
GTPase-activating protein
GTPase-activating proteins or GTPase-accelerating proteins (GAPs) are a family of regulatory proteins whose members can bind to activated G proteins and stimulate their GTPase activity, with the result of terminating the signaling event.
See GTPase and GTPase-activating protein
Guanine
Guanine (symbol G or Gua) is one of the four main nucleobases found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA, the others being adenine, cytosine, and thymine (uracil in RNA).
Guanine nucleotide exchange factor
Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) are proteins or protein domains that activate monomeric GTPases by stimulating the release of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) to allow binding of guanosine triphosphate (GTP).
See GTPase and Guanine nucleotide exchange factor
Guanosine diphosphate
Guanosine diphosphate, abbreviated GDP, is a nucleoside diphosphate.
See GTPase and Guanosine diphosphate
Guanosine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor
In molecular biology, the Guanosine dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) constitute a family of small GTPases that serve a regulatory role in vesicular membrane traffic.
See GTPase and Guanosine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor
Guanosine triphosphate
Guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) is a purine nucleoside triphosphate.
See GTPase and Guanosine triphosphate
HBS1 like translational GTPase
HBS1 like translational GTPase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HBS1L gene.
See GTPase and HBS1 like translational GTPase
Heterotrimeric G protein
Heterotrimeric G protein, also sometimes referred to as the "large" G proteins (as opposed to the subclass of smaller, monomeric small GTPases) are membrane-associated G proteins that form a heterotrimeric complex. GTPase and heterotrimeric G protein are eC 3.6.5.
See GTPase and Heterotrimeric G protein
Hydrolase
In biochemistry, hydrolases constitute a class of enzymes that commonly function as biochemical catalysts that use water to break a chemical bond: This typically results in dividing a larger molecule into smaller molecules.
Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds.
Ion
An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge.
See GTPase and Ion
Ion channel
Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore.
Kinesin
A kinesin is a protein belonging to a class of motor proteins found in eukaryotic cells.
Lipid-anchored protein
Lipid-anchored proteins (also known as lipid-linked proteins) are proteins located on the surface of the cell membrane that are covalently attached to lipids embedded within the cell membrane.
See GTPase and Lipid-anchored protein
Magnesium
Magnesium is a chemical element; it has symbol Mg and atomic number 12.
Martin Rodbell
Martin Rodbell (December 1, 1925 – December 7, 1998) was an American biochemist and molecular endocrinologist who is best known for his discovery of G-proteins.
Myosin
Myosins are a superfamily of motor proteins best known for their roles in muscle contraction and in a wide range of other motility processes in eukaryotes.
NACHT domain
The NACHT domain is an evolutionarily conserved protein domain.
Nucleophilic substitution
In chemistry, a nucleophilic substitution (SN) is a class of chemical reactions in which an electron-rich chemical species (known as a nucleophile) replaces a functional group within another electron-deficient molecule (known as the electrophile).
See GTPase and Nucleophilic substitution
Nucleotide
Nucleotides are organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate.
Phosphate
In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid.
Phospholipase C
Phospholipase C (PLC) is a class of membrane-associated enzymes that cleave phospholipids just before the phosphate group (see figure).
See GTPase and Phospholipase C
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
Protein biosynthesis
Protein biosynthesis (or protein synthesis) is a core biological process, occurring inside cells, balancing the loss of cellular proteins (via degradation or export) through the production of new proteins.
See GTPase and Protein biosynthesis
Protein domain
In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest.
Protein subunit
In structural biology, a protein subunit is a polypeptide chain or single protein molecule that assembles (or "coassembles") with others to form a protein complex.
See GTPase and Protein subunit
Protein targeting
Protein targeting or protein sorting is the biological mechanism by which proteins are transported to their appropriate destinations within or outside the cell.
See GTPase and Protein targeting
Rab (G-protein)
The Rab family of proteins is a member of the Ras superfamily of small G proteins.
See GTPase and Rab (G-protein)
Ran (protein)
Ran (RAs-related Nuclear protein) also known as GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAN gene.
Ras GTPase
Ras, from "Rat sarcoma virus", is a family of related proteins that are expressed in all animal cell lineages and organs.
Ras superfamily
The Ras superfamily, derived from "Rat sarcoma virus", is a protein superfamily of small GTPases.
See GTPase and Ras superfamily
Regulator of G protein signaling
Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) are protein structural domains or the proteins that contain these domains, that function to activate the GTPase activity of heterotrimeric G-protein α-subunits.
See GTPase and Regulator of G protein signaling
Release factor
A release factor is a protein that allows for the termination of translation by recognizing the termination codon or stop codon in an mRNA sequence.
Rho family of GTPases
The Rho family of GTPases is a family of small (~21 kDa) signaling G proteins, and is a subfamily of the Ras superfamily. GTPase and Rho family of GTPases are eC 3.6.5.
See GTPase and Rho family of GTPases
Ribosomal pause
Ribosomal pause refers to the queueing or stacking of ribosomes during translation of the nucleotide sequence of mRNA transcripts.
See GTPase and Ribosomal pause
Ribosome
Ribosomes are macromolecular machines, found within all cells, that perform biological protein synthesis (messenger RNA translation).
Second messenger system
Second messengers are intracellular signaling molecules released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signaling molecules—the first messengers. GTPase and Second messenger system are signal transduction.
See GTPase and Second messenger system
Sense of smell
The sense of smell, or olfaction, is the special sense through which smells (or odors) are perceived.
Septin
Septins are a group of GTP-binding proteins expressed in all eukaryotic cells except plants.
Sequence homology
Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life.
See GTPase and Sequence homology
Signal recognition particle
The signal recognition particle (SRP) is an abundant, cytosolic, universally conserved ribonucleoprotein (protein-RNA complex) that recognizes and targets specific proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes and the plasma membrane in prokaryotes.
See GTPase and Signal recognition particle
Signal transduction
Signal transduction is the process by which a chemical or physical signal is transmitted through a cell as a series of molecular events.
See GTPase and Signal transduction
Small GTPase
Small GTPases, also known as small G-proteins, are a family of hydrolase enzymes that can bind and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate (GTP).
Taste
The gustatory system or sense of taste is the sensory system that is partially responsible for the perception of taste (flavor).
See GTPase and Taste
Tetracycline
Tetracycline, sold under various brand names, is an oral antibiotic in the tetracyclines family of medications, used to treat a number of infections, including acne, cholera, brucellosis, plague, malaria, and syphilis.
Translation (biology)
In biology, translation is the process in living cells in which proteins are produced using RNA molecules as templates.
See GTPase and Translation (biology)
Tubulin
Tubulin in molecular biology can refer either to the tubulin protein superfamily of globular proteins, or one of the member proteins of that superfamily.
Tubulin domain
Tubulin/FtsZ family, GTPase domain is an evolutionary conserved protein domain.
Vesicle (biology and chemistry)
In cell biology, a vesicle is a structure within or outside a cell, consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid bilayer.
See GTPase and Vesicle (biology and chemistry)
Visual perception
Visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment through photopic vision (daytime vision), color vision, scotopic vision (night vision), and mesopic vision (twilight vision), using light in the visible spectrum reflected by objects in the environment.
See GTPase and Visual perception
Walker motifs
The Walker A and Walker B motifs are protein sequence motifs, known to have highly conserved three-dimensional structures.
See also
EC 3.6.5
- Chp (GTPase)
- Dynamin
- Dynamin superfamily
- G proteins
- GTPase
- Heterotrimeric G protein
- IRGM
- Interferon-inducible GTPase 5
- Protein-synthesizing GTPase
- RAB27
- RHEB
- ROP GTPase
- Rac (GTPase)
- Rap GTP-binding protein
- Rap1
- Rho family of GTPases
- Rif (GTPase)
- Rnd (GTPase)
- Signal-recognition-particle GTPase
- Transforming protein RhoA
- Tubulin GTPase
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTPase
Also known as GTP-ase, GTPase superfamily, GTPases, Gtp phosphohydrolases, Guanosine triphosphatase, Large GTPase.
, Ras GTPase, Ras superfamily, Regulator of G protein signaling, Release factor, Rho family of GTPases, Ribosomal pause, Ribosome, Second messenger system, Sense of smell, Septin, Sequence homology, Signal recognition particle, Signal transduction, Small GTPase, Taste, Tetracycline, Translation (biology), Tubulin, Tubulin domain, Vesicle (biology and chemistry), Visual perception, Walker motifs.