Gallo-Roman religion, the Glossary
Gallo-Roman religion is a fusion of the traditional religious practices of the Gauls, who were originally Celtic speakers, and the Roman and Hellenistic religions introduced to the region under Roman Imperial rule.[1]
Table of Contents
126 relations: Acculturation, Actaeon, Aedicula, Ambulatory, Ancamna, Ancient Celtic religion, Animal sacrifice, Anthropomorphism, Antler, Apollo, Aquae Sulis, Arles, Augustus, Auxerre, Auxilia, Bust (sculpture), Caduceus, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, Cella, Celtic art, Celtic deities, Celtic mythology, Cernunnos, Chicken, Cob (material), Cocidius, Column, Concentric objects, Cybele, Decomposition, Dis Pater, Druid, Drusus Julius Caesar, Epigraphy, Epona, Equestrianism, Fertility, Flamen, Gallia Belgica, Gallo-Roman culture, Gaulish, Gauls, Germania Inferior, Germania Superior, Glanis, Glossary of ancient Roman religion, Goat, Gobannus, Gournay-sur-Aronde, ... Expand index (76 more) »
Acculturation
Acculturation is a process of social, psychological, and cultural change that stems from the balancing of two cultures while adapting to the prevailing culture of the society.
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Actaeon
Actaeon (Ἀκταίων Aktaiōn), in Greek mythology, was the son of the priestly herdsman Aristaeus and Autonoe in Boeotia, and a famous Theban hero.
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Aedicula
In ancient Roman religion, an aedicula (aediculae) is a small shrine, and in classical architecture refers to a niche covered by a pediment or entablature supported by a pair of columns and typically framing a statue,"aedicula, n." OED Online, Oxford University Press, September 2020,.
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Ambulatory
The ambulatory (ambulatorium, ‘walking place’) is the covered passage around a cloister or the processional way around the east end of a cathedral or large church and behind the high altar.
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Ancamna
In Gallo-Roman religion, Ancamna was a goddess worshipped particularly in the valley of the river Moselle.
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Ancient Celtic religion
Ancient Celtic religion, commonly known as Celtic paganism, was the religion of the ancient Celtic peoples of Europe.
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Animal sacrifice
Animal sacrifice is the ritual killing and offering of one or more animals, usually as part of a religious ritual or to appease or maintain favour with a deity.
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Anthropomorphism
Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human traits, emotions, or intentions to non-human entities.
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Antler
Antlers are extensions of an animal's skull found in members of the Cervidae (deer) family.
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Apollo
Apollo is one of the Olympian deities in classical Greek and Roman religion and Greek and Roman mythology.
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Aquae Sulis
Aquae Sulis (Latin for Waters of Sulis) was a small town in the Roman province of Britannia.
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Arles
Arles (Arle; Classical Arelate) is a coastal city and commune in the South of France, a subprefecture in the Bouches-du-Rhône department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, in the former province of Provence.
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Augustus
Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian (Octavianus), was the founder of the Roman Empire.
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Auxerre
Auxerre is the capital (prefecture) of the Yonne department and the fourth-largest city in the Burgundy historical region southeast of Paris.
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Auxilia
The auxilia were introduced as non-citizen troops attached to the citizen legions by Augustus after his reorganisation of the Imperial Roman army from 27 BC.
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Bust (sculpture)
A bust is a sculpted or cast representation of the upper part of the human body, depicting a person's head and neck, and a variable portion of the chest and shoulders.
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Caduceus
The caduceus (☤;; cādūceus, from κηρύκειον kērū́keion "herald's wand, or staff") is the staff carried by Hermes in Greek mythology and consequently by Hermes Trismegistus in Greco-Egyptian mythology.
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Cambridge
Cambridge is a city and non-metropolitan district in the county of Cambridgeshire, England.
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Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
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Cella
In Classical architecture, a cella or is the inner chamber of an ancient Greek or Roman temple.
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Celtic art
Celtic art is associated with the peoples known as Celts; those who spoke the Celtic languages in Europe from pre-history through to the modern period, as well as the art of ancient peoples whose language is uncertain, but have cultural and stylistic similarities with speakers of Celtic languages.
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Celtic deities
The gods and goddesses of the pre-Christian Celtic peoples are known from a variety of sources, including ancient places of worship, statues, engravings, cult objects, and place or personal names.
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Celtic mythology
Celtic mythology is the body of myths belonging to the Celtic peoples.
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Cernunnos
In ancient Celtic and Gallo-Roman religion, Cernunnos or Carnonos is a god depicted with antlers, seated cross-legged, and is associated with stags, horned serpents, dogs and bulls.
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Chicken
The chicken (Gallus domesticus) is a large and round short-winged bird, domesticated from the red junglefowl of Southeast Asia around 8,000 years ago. Most chickens are raised for food, providing meat and eggs; others are kept as pets or for cockfighting. Chickens are common and widespread domestic animals, with a total population of 23.7 billion, and an annual production of more than 50 billion birds.
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Cob (material)
Cob, cobb, or clom (in Wales) is a natural building material made from subsoil, water, fibrous organic material (typically straw), and sometimes lime.
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Cocidius
In Romano-British religion, Cocidius was a deity worshipped in northern Britain.
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Column
A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below.
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Concentric objects
In geometry, two or more objects are said to be concentric when they share the same center.
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Cybele
Cybele (Phrygian: Matar Kubileya/Kubeleya "Kubileya/Kubeleya Mother", perhaps "Mountain Mother"; Lydian Kuvava; Κυβέλη Kybele, Κυβήβη Kybebe, Κύβελις Kybelis) is an Anatolian mother goddess; she may have a possible forerunner in the earliest neolithic at Çatalhöyük.
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Decomposition
Decomposition or rot is the process by which dead organic substances are broken down into simpler organic or inorganic matter such as carbon dioxide, water, simple sugars and mineral salts.
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Dis Pater
Dis Pater (genitive Ditis Patris), otherwise known as Rex Infernus or Pluto, is a Roman god of the underworld.
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Druid
A druid was a member of the high-ranking priestly class in ancient Celtic cultures.
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Drusus Julius Caesar
Drusus Julius Caesar (7 October – 14 September AD 23), also called Drusus the Younger, was the son of Emperor Tiberius, and heir to the Roman Empire following the death of his adoptive brother Germanicus in AD 19.
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Epigraphy
Epigraphy is the study of inscriptions, or epigraphs, as writing; it is the science of identifying graphemes, clarifying their meanings, classifying their uses according to dates and cultural contexts, and drawing conclusions about the writing and the writers.
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Epona
In Gallo-Roman religion, Epona was a protector of horses, ponies, donkeys, and mules.
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Equestrianism
Equestrianism (from Latin equester, equestr-, equus, 'horseman', 'horse'), commonly known as horse riding (Commonwealth English) or horseback riding (American English), includes the disciplines of riding, driving, and vaulting.
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Fertility
Fertility in colloquial terms refers the ability to have offspring.
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Flamen
A flamen (plural flamines) was a priest of the ancient Roman religion who was assigned to one of fifteen deities with official cults during the Roman Republic.
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Gallia Belgica
Gallia Belgica ("Belgic Gaul") was a province of the Roman Empire located in the north-eastern part of Roman Gaul, in what is today primarily northern France, Belgium, and Luxembourg, along with parts of the Netherlands and Germany.
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Gallo-Roman culture
Gallo-Roman culture was a consequence of the Romanization of Gauls under the rule of the Roman Empire.
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Gaulish
Gaulish is an extinct Celtic language spoken in parts of Continental Europe before and during the period of the Roman Empire.
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Gauls
The Gauls (Galli; Γαλάται, Galátai) were a group of Celtic peoples of mainland Europe in the Iron Age and the Roman period (roughly 5th century BC to 5th century AD).
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Germania Inferior
Germania Inferior ("Lower Germania") was a Roman province from AD 85 until the province was renamed Germania Secunda in the 4th century AD, on the west bank of the Rhine bordering the North Sea.
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Germania Superior
Germania Superior ("Upper Germania") was an imperial province of the Roman Empire.
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Glanis
Glanis was a Gaulish god associated with a healing spring at the town of Glanum in the Alpilles mountains of Provence in southern France.
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Glossary of ancient Roman religion
The vocabulary of ancient Roman religion was highly specialized.
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Goat
The goat or domestic goat (Capra hircus) is a species of domesticated goat-antelope that is mostly kept as livestock.
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Gobannus
Gobannus (or Gobannos, the Gaulish form, sometimes Cobannus) was a Gallo-Roman smithing god.
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Gournay-sur-Aronde
Gournay-sur-Aronde is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.
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Great St Bernard Pass
The Great St Bernard Pass (Col du Grand St-Bernard, Colle del Gran San Bernardo, Grosser Sankt Bernhard; Pass del Grond Son Bernard) is the third highest road pass in Switzerland, at an elevation of.
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Greco-Roman mysteries
Mystery religions, mystery cults, sacred mysteries or simply mysteries, were religious schools of the Greco-Roman world for which participation was reserved to initiates (mystai).
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Greco-Roman world
The Greco-Roman civilization (also Greco-Roman culture or Greco-Latin culture; spelled Graeco-Roman in the Commonwealth), as understood by modern scholars and writers, includes the geographical regions and countries that culturally—and so historically—were directly and intimately influenced by the language, culture, government and religion of the Greeks and Romans.
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Haute-Marne
Haute-Marne (English: Upper Marne) is a department in the Grand Est region of Northeastern France.
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Headhunting
Headhunting is the practice of hunting a human and collecting the severed head after killing the victim, although sometimes more portable body parts (such as ear, nose, or scalp) are taken instead as trophies.
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Hot spring
A hot spring, hydrothermal spring, or geothermal spring is a spring produced by the emergence of geothermally heated groundwater onto the surface of the Earth.
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Human sacrifice
Human sacrifice is the act of killing one or more humans as part of a ritual, which is usually intended to please or appease gods, a human ruler, public or jurisdictional demands for justice by capital punishment, an authoritative/priestly figure or spirits of dead ancestors or as a retainer sacrifice, wherein a monarch's servants are killed in order for them to continue to serve their master in the next life.
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Hygieia
Hygieia is a goddess from Greek mythology (also referred to as: Hygiea or Hygeia;; Ὑγιεία or Ὑγεία, Hygēa or Hygīa).
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Incense
Incense is an aromatic biotic material that releases fragrant smoke when burnt.
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Interpretatio graeca
Greek translation, or "interpretation by means of Greek ", refers to the tendency of the ancient Greeks to identify foreign deities with their own gods.
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Isis
Isis was a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world.
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Jupiter (god)
Jupiter (Iūpiter or Iuppiter, from Proto-Italic *djous "day, sky" + *patēr "father", thus "sky father" Greek: Δίας or Ζεύς), also known as Jove (gen. Iovis), is the god of the sky and thunder, and king of the gods in ancient Roman religion and mythology.
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Jupiter Column
A Jupiter Column (Jupitergigantensäule or Jupitersäule) is a monument belonging to a type widespread in Roman Germania.
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Kollmoor
Kollmoor is a municipality in the district of Steinburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
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Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
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Lenus
Lenus (Ληνός) was a Celtic healing god worshipped mainly in eastern Gaul, where he was almost always identified with the Roman god Mars.
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Lezoux
Lezoux (Lesós) is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne in central France.
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Limestone
Limestone (calcium carbonate) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime.
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List of Roman deities
The Roman deities most widely known today are those the Romans identified with Greek counterparts (see interpretatio graeca), integrating Greek myths, iconography, and sometimes religious practices, into Roman culture, including Latin literature, Roman art, and religious life as it was experienced throughout the Empire.
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List of war deities
A war god in mythology associated with war, combat, or bloodshed.
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Loucetios
In Gallo-Roman religion, Loucetios (Latinized as Leucetius) was a Gallic god known from the Rhine-Moselle region, where he was identified with the Roman Mars.
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Lugdunum
Lugdunum (also spelled Lugudunum,; modern Lyon, France) was an important Roman city in Gaul, established on the current site of Lyon.
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Luxembourg
Luxembourg (Lëtzebuerg; Luxemburg; Luxembourg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a small landlocked country in Western Europe.
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Magistrates of the Roman Empire
The executive magistrates of the Roman Empire were elected individuals of the ancient Roman Empire.
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Mars (mythology)
In ancient Roman religion and mythology, Mars (Mārs) is the god of war and also an agricultural guardian, a combination characteristic of early Rome.
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Mercury (mythology)
Mercury (Mercurius) is a major god in Roman religion and mythology, being one of the 12 Dii Consentes within the ancient Roman pantheon.
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Military of ancient Rome
The military of ancient Rome was one of largest pre-modern professional standing armies that ever existed.
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Minerva
Minerva (Menrva) is the Roman goddess of wisdom, justice, law, victory, and the sponsor of arts, trade, and strategy.
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Mithraism
Mithraism, also known as the Mithraic mysteries or the Cult of Mithras, was a Roman mystery religion centered on the god Mithras.
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Mother goddess
A mother goddess is a major goddess characterized as a mother or progenitor, either as an embodiment of motherhood and fertility or fulfilling the cosmological role of a creator- and/or destroyer-figure, typically associated the Earth, sky, and/or the life-giving bounties thereof in a maternal relation with humanity or other gods.
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Néris-les-Bains
Néris-les-Bains (Nerís) is a commune in the Allier department in the Auvergne region in central France.
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Nemetona
Nemetona, or 'she of the sacred grove', is a Celtic goddess with roots in northeastern Gaul.
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Numen
Numen (plural numina) is a Latin term for "divinity", "divine presence", or "divine will".
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Orpheus
In Greek mythology, Orpheus (Ancient Greek: Ὀρφεύς, classical pronunciation) was a Thracian bard, legendary musician and prophet.
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Oxford
Oxford is a city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town.
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Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city of France.
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Pedestal
A pedestal or plinth is a support at the bottom of a statue, vase, column, or certain altars.
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Petasos
A petasos (πέτασος) or petasus (Latin) is a broad brimmed hat of Thessalian origin worn by ancient Greeks, Thracians and Etruscans, often in combination with the chlamys cape.
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Plaster
Plaster is a building material used for the protective or decorative coating of walls and ceilings and for moulding and casting decorative elements.
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Pomponius Mela
Pomponius Mela, who wrote around AD 43, was the earliest known Roman geographer.
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Priest
A priest is a religious leader authorized to perform the sacred rituals of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and one or more deities.
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Propaganda
Propaganda is communication that is primarily used to influence or persuade an audience to further an agenda, which may not be objective and may be selectively presenting facts to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using loaded language to produce an emotional rather than a rational response to the information that is being presented.
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Religion in ancient Rome
Religion in ancient Rome consisted of varying imperial and provincial religious practices, which were followed both by the people of Rome as well as those who were brought under its rule.
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Rhineland
The Rhineland (Rheinland; Rhénanie; Rijnland; Rhingland; Latinised name: Rhenania) is a loosely defined area of Western Germany along the Rhine, chiefly its middle section.
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Ritona
Ritona (also known as Pritona) is a Celtic goddess chiefly venerated in the land of the Treveri in what is now Germany.
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Rock (geology)
In geology, rock (or stone) is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter.
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Roman art
The art of Ancient Rome, and the territories of its Republic and later Empire, includes architecture, painting, sculpture and mosaic work.
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Roman Britain
Roman Britain was the territory that became the Roman province of Britannia after the Roman conquest of Britain, consisting of a large part of the island of Great Britain.
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Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.
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Roman Gaul
Roman Gaul refers to GaulThe territory of Gaul roughly corresponds to modern-day France, Belgium and Luxembourg, and adjacient parts of the Netherlands, Switzerland and Germany.
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Roman imperial cult
The Roman imperial cult (cultus imperatorius) identified emperors and some members of their families with the divinely sanctioned authority (auctoritas) of the Roman State.
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Roman theatre (structure)
Roman theatres derive from and are part of the overall evolution of earlier Greek theatres.
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Romanitas
Romanitas is the collection of political and cultural concepts and practices by which the Romans defined themselves.
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Romano-Celtic temple
A Romano-Celtic temple or fanum is a sub-class of Roman temple found in the north-western Celtic provinces of the Roman Empire.
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Rosmerta
In Gallo-Roman religion, Rosmerta was a goddess of fertility and abundance, her attributes being those of plenty such as the cornucopia.
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Sacrifice
Sacrifice is the offering of material possessions or the lives of animals or humans to a deity as an act of propitiation or worship.
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Sanctuary of the Three Gauls
The Sanctuary of the Three Gauls (Tres Galliae) was the focal structure within an administrative and religious complex established by Rome in the very late 1st century BC at Lugdunum (the site of modern Lyon in France).
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Sandstone
Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate grains, cemented together by another mineral.
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Seal (emblem)
A seal is a device for making an impression in wax, clay, paper, or some other medium, including an embossment on paper, and is also the impression thus made.
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Sheep
Sheep (sheep) or domestic sheep (Ovis aries) are a domesticated, ruminant mammal typically kept as livestock.
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Silvanus (mythology)
Silvanus (meaning "of the woods" in Latin) was a Roman tutelary deity of woods and uncultivated lands.
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Sirona (goddess)
In Celtic polytheism, Sirona was a goddess worshipped predominantly in East Central Gaul and along the Danubian limes.
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Snake
Snakes are elongated, limbless reptiles of the suborder Serpentes.
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Spa
A spa is a location where mineral-rich spring water (and sometimes seawater) is used to give medicinal baths.
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Strabo
StraboStrabo (meaning "squinty", as in strabismus) was a term employed by the Romans for anyone whose eyes were distorted or deformed.
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Suebi
The Suebi (also spelled Suevi) or Suebians were a large group of Germanic peoples originally from the Elbe river region in what is now Germany and the Czech Republic.
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Sulis
In the localised Celtic polytheism practised in Great Britain, Sulis was a deity worshiped at the thermal spring of Bath.
See Gallo-Roman religion and Sulis
Taranis
In Celtic mythology, Taranis (Proto-Celtic: *Toranos, earlier *Tonaros; Latin: Taranus, earlier Tanarus) is the god of thunder, who was worshipped primarily in Gaul, Hispania, Britain, and Ireland, but also in the Rhineland and Danube regions, amongst others.
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Thermae
In ancient Rome, (from Greek, "hot") and (from Greek) were facilities for bathing.
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Tiberius
Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus (16 November 42 BC – 16 March AD 37) was Roman emperor from AD 14 until 37.
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Tile
Tiles are usually thin, square or rectangular coverings manufactured from hard-wearing material such as ceramic, stone, metal, baked clay, or even glass.
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Trajan's Column
Trajan's Column (Colonna Traiana, Columna Traiani) is a Roman triumphal column in Rome, Italy, that commemorates Roman emperor Trajan's victory in the Dacian Wars.
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Trier
Trier (Tréier), formerly and traditionally known in English as Trèves and Triers (see also names in other languages), is a city on the banks of the Moselle in Germany.
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Vates
In modern English, the nouns vates and ovate ( ), are used as technical terms for ancient Celtic bards, prophets and philosophers.
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Vernostonos
Verostonos (or Vernostonus) was a god in ancient Celtic polytheism, worshipped in Roman Britain.
See Gallo-Roman religion and Vernostonos
Votum
In ancient Roman religion, a votum, plural vota, is a vow or promise made to a deity.
See Gallo-Roman religion and Votum
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallo-Roman_religion
Also known as Gallo-Roman paganism.
, Great St Bernard Pass, Greco-Roman mysteries, Greco-Roman world, Haute-Marne, Headhunting, Hot spring, Human sacrifice, Hygieia, Incense, Interpretatio graeca, Isis, Jupiter (god), Jupiter Column, Kollmoor, Latin, Lenus, Lezoux, Limestone, List of Roman deities, List of war deities, Loucetios, Lugdunum, Luxembourg, Magistrates of the Roman Empire, Mars (mythology), Mercury (mythology), Military of ancient Rome, Minerva, Mithraism, Mother goddess, Néris-les-Bains, Nemetona, Numen, Orpheus, Oxford, Paris, Pedestal, Petasos, Plaster, Pomponius Mela, Priest, Propaganda, Religion in ancient Rome, Rhineland, Ritona, Rock (geology), Roman art, Roman Britain, Roman Empire, Roman Gaul, Roman imperial cult, Roman theatre (structure), Romanitas, Romano-Celtic temple, Rosmerta, Sacrifice, Sanctuary of the Three Gauls, Sandstone, Seal (emblem), Sheep, Silvanus (mythology), Sirona (goddess), Snake, Spa, Strabo, Suebi, Sulis, Taranis, Thermae, Tiberius, Tile, Trajan's Column, Trier, Vates, Vernostonos, Votum.