Geography, the Glossary
Geography (from Ancient Greek γεωγραφία; combining 'Earth' and 'write') is the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth.[1]
Table of Contents
304 relations: Absolute space and time, Abu Zayd al-Balkhi, Address, Aerial photography, Age of Discovery, Al-Biruni, Alexander von Humboldt, American Association of Geographers, American Geographical Society, Anaxagoras, Anaximander, Ancient Greece, Ancient Greek, Ancient Greek literature, Ancient Greek philosophy, Ancient Rome, Animated mapping, Annals of the American Association of Geographers, Anne Kelly Knowles, Anthropocene, Anthropology, Antipode (journal), Anton Melik Geographical Institute, Applied Geography, Arbia's law of geography, Area studies, Areography, Assyria, Astronomical object, Astronomy, Atlas, Atmosphere, Atmosphere of Earth, Azimuthal equidistant projection, Babylon, Babylonia, Babylonian Map of the World, Babylonian mathematics, Baghdad, Balkh, Behavioral geography, Behaviorism, Berlin, Bernhardus Varenius, Biogeochemistry, Biogeography, Biosphere, Botany, Bridgewater State University, Built environment, ... Expand index (254 more) »
- Main topic articles
Absolute space and time
Absolute space and time is a concept in physics and philosophy about the properties of the universe.
See Geography and Absolute space and time
Abu Zayd al-Balkhi
Abu Zayd Ahmed ibn Sahl Balkhi (ابو زید احمد بن سهل بلخی) was a Persian Muslim polymath: a geographer, mathematician, physician, psychologist and scientist.
See Geography and Abu Zayd al-Balkhi
Address
An address is a collection of information, presented in a mostly fixed format, used to give the location of a building, apartment, or other structure or a plot of land, generally using political boundaries and street names as references, along with other identifiers such as house or apartment numbers and organization name.
Aerial photography
Aerial photography (or airborne imagery) is the taking of photographs from an aircraft or other airborne platforms.
See Geography and Aerial photography
Age of Discovery
The Age of Discovery, also known as the Age of Exploration, was part of the early modern period and largely overlapping with the Age of Sail.
See Geography and Age of Discovery
Al-Biruni
Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni (ابوریحان بیرونی; أبو الريحان البيروني; 973after 1050), known as al-Biruni, was a Khwarazmian Iranian scholar and polymath during the Islamic Golden Age.
Alexander von Humboldt
Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 1769 – 6 May 1859) was a German polymath, geographer, naturalist, explorer, and proponent of Romantic philosophy and science.
See Geography and Alexander von Humboldt
American Association of Geographers
The American Association of Geographers (AAG) is a non-profit scientific and educational society aimed at advancing the understanding, study, and importance of geography and related fields.
See Geography and American Association of Geographers
American Geographical Society
The American Geographical Society (AGS) is an organization of professional geographers, founded in 1851 in New York City.
See Geography and American Geographical Society
Anaxagoras
Anaxagoras (Ἀναξαγόρας, Anaxagóras, "lord of the assembly"; 500 – 428 BC) was a Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher.
Anaximander
Anaximander (Ἀναξίμανδρος Anaximandros) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who lived in Miletus,"Anaximander" in Chambers's Encyclopædia.
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece (Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity, that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories.
See Geography and Ancient Greece
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνῐκή) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC.
See Geography and Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek literature
Ancient Greek literature is literature written in the Ancient Greek language from the earliest texts until the time of the Byzantine Empire.
See Geography and Ancient Greek literature
Ancient Greek philosophy
Ancient Greek philosophy arose in the 6th century BC.
See Geography and Ancient Greek philosophy
Ancient Rome
In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.
See Geography and Ancient Rome
Animated mapping
Animated mapping is the application of animation, either a computer or video, to add a temporal component to a map displaying change in some dimension.
See Geography and Animated mapping
Annals of the American Association of Geographers
The Annals of the American Association of Geographers is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal covering geography.
See Geography and Annals of the American Association of Geographers
Anne Kelly Knowles
Anne Kelly Knowles (born 1957) is an American geographer and a specialist in Historical GIS.
See Geography and Anne Kelly Knowles
Anthropocene
The Anthropocene is the name for a proposed geological epoch, dating from the commencement of significant human impact on Earth up to the present day.
See Geography and Anthropocene
Anthropology
Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including archaic humans. Geography and Anthropology are social sciences.
See Geography and Anthropology
Antipode (journal)
Antipode: A Radical Journal of Geography is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published five times per year by Wiley-Blackwell and produced by The Antipode Foundation.
See Geography and Antipode (journal)
Anton Melik Geographical Institute
The Anton Melik Geographical Institute (Geografski inštitut Antona Melika) was founded in 1946 by the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
See Geography and Anton Melik Geographical Institute
Applied Geography
Applied Geography is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published quarterly by Elsevier.
See Geography and Applied Geography
Arbia's law of geography
Arbia's law of geography states, "Everything is related to everything else, but things observed at a coarse spatial resolution are more related than things observed at a finer resolution." Originally proposed as the 2nd law of geography, this is one of several laws competing for that title.
See Geography and Arbia's law of geography
Area studies
Area studies, also known as regional studies, is an interdisciplinary field of research and scholarship pertaining to particular geographical, national/federal, or cultural regions.
See Geography and Area studies
Areography
Areography, also known as the geography of Mars, is a subfield of planetary science that entails the delineation and characterization of regions on Mars.
Assyria
Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: x16px, māt Aššur) was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization which existed as a city-state from the 21st century BC to the 14th century BC, which eventually expanded into an empire from the 14th century BC to the 7th century BC.
Astronomical object
An astronomical object, celestial object, stellar object or heavenly body is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists within the observable universe.
See Geography and Astronomical object
Astronomy
Astronomy is a natural science that studies celestial objects and the phenomena that occur in the cosmos.
Atlas
An atlas is a collection of maps; it is typically a bundle of maps of Earth or of a continent or region of Earth.
Atmosphere
An atmosphere is a layer of gasses that envelop an astronomical object, held in place by the gravity of the object.
Atmosphere of Earth
The atmosphere of Earth is composed of a layer of gas mixture that surrounds the Earth's planetary surface (both lands and oceans), known collectively as air, with variable quantities of suspended aerosols and particulates (which create weather features such as clouds and hazes), all retained by Earth's gravity.
See Geography and Atmosphere of Earth
Azimuthal equidistant projection
The azimuthal equidistant projection is an azimuthal map projection.
See Geography and Azimuthal equidistant projection
Babylon
Babylon was an ancient city located on the lower Euphrates river in southern Mesopotamia, within modern-day Hillah, Iraq, about 85 kilometers (55 miles) south of modern day Baghdad.
Babylonia
Babylonia (𒆳𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠) was an ancient Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based in the city of Babylon in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq and parts of Syria and Iran).
Babylonian Map of the World
The Babylonian Map of the World (or Imago Mundi) is a Babylonian clay tablet with a schematic world map and two inscriptions written in the Akkadian language.
See Geography and Babylonian Map of the World
Babylonian mathematics
Babylonian mathematics (also known as Assyro-Babylonian mathematics) is the mathematics developed or practiced by the people of Mesopotamia, as attested by sources mainly surviving from the Old Babylonian period (1830–1531 BC) to the Seleucid from the last three or four centuries BC.
See Geography and Babylonian mathematics
Baghdad
Baghdad (or; translit) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab and in West Asia after Tehran.
Balkh
Balkh is a town in the Balkh Province of Afghanistan, about northwest of the provincial capital, Mazar-e Sharif, and some south of the Amu Darya river and the Uzbekistan border.
Behavioral geography
Behavioral geography is an approach to human geography that examines human behavior by separating it into different parts.
See Geography and Behavioral geography
Behaviorism
Behaviorism (also spelled behaviourism) is a systematic approach to understand the behavior of humans and other animals.
Berlin
Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and by population.
Bernhardus Varenius
Bernhardus Varenius (Bernhard Varen) (1622, Hitzacker, Lower Saxony1650) was a German geographer.
See Geography and Bernhardus Varenius
Biogeochemistry
Biogeochemistry is the scientific discipline that involves the study of the chemical, physical, geological, and biological processes and reactions that govern the composition of the natural environment (including the biosphere, the cryosphere, the hydrosphere, the pedosphere, the atmosphere, and the lithosphere).
See Geography and Biogeochemistry
Biogeography
Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Geography and Biogeography are earth sciences.
See Geography and Biogeography
Biosphere
The biosphere, also called the ecosphere, is the worldwide sum of all ecosystems.
Botany
Botany, also called plant science (or plant sciences), plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology.
Bridgewater State University
Bridgewater State University is a public university with its main campus in Bridgewater, Massachusetts.
See Geography and Bridgewater State University
Built environment
The term built environment refers to human-made conditions and is often used in architecture, landscape architecture, urban planning, public health, sociology, and anthropology, among others.
See Geography and Built environment
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
See Geography and Cambridge University Press
Carl O. Sauer
Carl Ortwin Sauer (December 24, 1889 – July 18, 1975) was an American geographer.
See Geography and Carl O. Sauer
Carl Ritter
Carl Ritter (August 7, 1779September 28, 1859) was a German geographer.
Cartography
Cartography (from χάρτης chartēs, 'papyrus, sheet of paper, map'; and γράφειν graphein, 'write') is the study and practice of making and using maps.
Celestial sphere
In astronomy and navigation, the celestial sphere is an abstract sphere that has an arbitrarily large radius and is concentric to Earth.
See Geography and Celestial sphere
Central place theory
Central place theory is an urban geographical theory that seeks to explain the number, size and range of market services in a commercial system or human settlements in a residential system.
See Geography and Central place theory
Chorochromatic map
A Chorochromatic map, also known as an area-class, qualitative area, or mosaic map, is a type of thematic map that portray regions of categorical or nominal data using variations in color symbols.
See Geography and Chorochromatic map
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus (between 25 August and 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italian explorer and navigator from the Republic of Genoa who completed four Spanish-based voyages across the Atlantic Ocean sponsored by the Catholic Monarchs, opening the way for the widespread European exploration and colonization of the Americas.
See Geography and Christopher Columbus
Climate
Climate is the long-term weather pattern in a region, typically averaged over 30 years.
Climatology
Climatology (from Greek κλίμα, klima, "slope"; and -λογία, -logia) or climate science is the scientific study of Earth's climate, typically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of at least 30 years.
Cluster analysis
Cluster analysis or clustering is the task of grouping a set of objects in such a way that objects in the same group (called a cluster) are more similar (in some specific sense defined by the analyst) to each other than to those in other groups (clusters).
See Geography and Cluster analysis
Coastal geography
Coastal geography is the study of the constantly changing region between the ocean and the land, incorporating both the physical geography (i.e. coastal geomorphology, climatology and oceanography) and the human geography (sociology and history) of the coast.
See Geography and Coastal geography
Cognitive geography
Cognitive geography is an interdisciplinary study of cognitive science and geography.
See Geography and Cognitive geography
Cognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning.
See Geography and Cognitive psychology
ColorBrewer
ColorBrewer is an online tool for selecting map color schemes based on palettes created by Cynthia Brewer.
Computer science
Computer science is the study of computation, information, and automation.
See Geography and Computer science
Concentric zone model
The concentric zone model, also known as the Burgess model or the CCD model, is one of the earliest theoretical models to explain urban social structures.
See Geography and Concentric zone model
Concept
A concept is defined as an abstract idea. Geography and concept are main topic articles.
Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography
Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography (CATMOG), is a series of 59 short publications, each focused on an individual method or theory in geography.
See Geography and Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography
Cosmology
Cosmology is a branch of physics and metaphysics dealing with the nature of the universe, the cosmos.
Cosmos (Humboldt book)
Cosmos: A Sketch of a Physical Description of the Universe (in German Kosmos – Entwurf einer physischen Weltbeschreibung) is an influential treatise on science and nature written by German scientist and explorer Alexander von Humboldt.
See Geography and Cosmos (Humboldt book)
Critical geography
Critical geography is theoretically informed geographical scholarship that promotes social justice, liberation, and leftist politics.
See Geography and Critical geography
Cultural geography
Cultural geography is a subfield within human geography.
See Geography and Cultural geography
Culture
Culture is a concept that encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups. Geography and Culture are main topic articles.
Culture theory
Culture theory is the branch of comparative anthropology and semiotics that seeks to define the heuristic concept of culture in operational and/or scientific terms.
See Geography and Culture theory
Cycle of erosion
The geographic cycle, or cycle of erosion, is an idealized model that explains the development of relief in landscapes.
See Geography and Cycle of erosion
Cynthia Brewer
Cynthia Ann Brewer (born 1960) is an American cartographer, author, and professor of geography at Pennsylvania State University.
See Geography and Cynthia Brewer
Dana Tomlin
Charles Dana Tomlin is an author, professor, and originator of Map Algebra, a vocabulary and conceptual framework for classifying ways to combine map data to produce new maps.
Database
In computing, a database is an organized collection of data or a type of data store based on the use of a database management system (DBMS), the software that interacts with end users, applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze the data.
Deep map
A deep map is a map with greater information than a two-dimensional image of places, names, and topography.
Demography
Demography is the statistical study of human populations: their size, composition (e.g., ethnic group, age), and how they change through the interplay of fertility (births), mortality (deaths), and migration.
Development geography
Development geography is a branch of geography which refers to the standard of living and its quality of life of its human inhabitants.
See Geography and Development geography
Dialogues in Human Geography
Dialogues in Human Geography is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering human geography.
See Geography and Dialogues in Human Geography
Digital elevation model
A digital elevation model (DEM) or digital surface model (DSM) is a 3D computer graphics representation of elevation data to represent terrain or overlaying objects, commonly of a planet, moon, or asteroid.
See Geography and Digital elevation model
Doreen Massey (geographer)
Doreen Barbara Massey (3 January 1944 – 11 March 2016) was a British social scientist and geographer.
See Geography and Doreen Massey (geographer)
Earth
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.
Earth radius
Earth radius (denoted as R🜨 or RE) is the distance from the center of Earth to a point on or near its surface.
See Geography and Earth radius
Earth science
Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. Geography and Earth science are earth sciences.
See Geography and Earth science
Earth system science
Earth system science (ESS) is the application of systems science to the Earth.
See Geography and Earth system science
Earth's circumference
Earth's circumference is the distance around Earth.
See Geography and Earth's circumference
Eckhard Unger
Eckhard Unger (Landsberg an der Warthe, 11 April 1884 – 24 July 1966) was a German assyriologist.
See Geography and Eckhard Unger
Eclipse
An eclipse is an astronomical event which occurs when an astronomical object or spacecraft is temporarily obscured, by passing into the shadow of another body or by having another body pass between it and the viewer.
Economic geography
Economic geography is the subfield of human geography that studies economic activity and factors affecting it.
See Geography and Economic geography
Economic Geography (journal)
Economic Geography is a peer-reviewed academic journal published quarterly by Taylor & Francis on behalf of Clark University.
See Geography and Economic Geography (journal)
Edward Cave
Edward Cave (27 February 1691 – 10 January 1754) was an English printer, editor and publisher.
Electromagnetic spectrum
The electromagnetic spectrum is the full range of electromagnetic radiation, organized by frequency or wavelength.
See Geography and Electromagnetic spectrum
Ellen Churchill Semple
Ellen Churchill Semple (January 8, 1863 – May 8, 1932) was an American geographer and the first female president of the Association of American Geographers.
See Geography and Ellen Churchill Semple
Emporia State University
Emporia State University (Emporia State or ESU) is a public university in Emporia, Kansas, United States.
See Geography and Emporia State University
Encyclopædia Britannica
The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
See Geography and Encyclopædia Britannica
Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems
The Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) is an integrated compendium of twenty one encyclopedias.
See Geography and Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems
Environmental determinism
Environmental determinism (also known as climatic determinism or geographical determinism) is the study of how the physical environment predisposes societies and states towards particular economic or social developmental (or even more generally, cultural) trajectories.
See Geography and Environmental determinism
Environmental resource management
Environmental resource management or environmental management is the management of the interaction and impact of human societies on the environment.
See Geography and Environmental resource management
Epidemiology
Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution (who, when, and where), patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in a defined population.
See Geography and Epidemiology
Equirectangular projection
The equirectangular projection (also called the equidistant cylindrical projection or la carte parallélogrammatique projection), and which includes the special case of the plate carrée projection (also called the geographic projection, lat/lon projection, or plane chart), is a simple map projection attributed to Marinus of Tyre, who Ptolemy claims invented the projection about AD 100.
See Geography and Equirectangular projection
Eratosthenes
Eratosthenes of Cyrene (Ἐρατοσθένης; –) was a Greek polymath: a mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist.
See Geography and Eratosthenes
Ergonomics
Ergonomics, also known as human factors or human factors engineering (HFE), is the application of psychological and physiological principles to the engineering and design of products, processes, and systems.
Ernest Burgess
Ernest Watson Burgess (May 16, 1886 – December 27, 1966) was a Canadian-American urban sociologist who was professor at the University of Chicago.
See Geography and Ernest Burgess
Euphrates
The Euphrates (see below) is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia.
Fall of the Western Roman Empire
The fall of the Western Roman Empire, also called the fall of the Roman Empire or the fall of Rome, was the loss of central political control in the Western Roman Empire, a process in which the Empire failed to enforce its rule, and its vast territory was divided between several successor polities.
See Geography and Fall of the Western Roman Empire
Fan Chengda
Fan Chengda (1126–1193), courtesy name Zhineng (致能), was a Chinese geographer, poet, and politician.
Fauna
Fauna (faunae or faunas) is all of the animal life present in a particular region or time.
Feminist geography
Feminist geography is a sub-discipline of human geography that applies the theories, methods, and critiques of feminism to the study of the human environment, society, and geographical space.
See Geography and Feminist geography
Figure of the Earth
In geodesy, the figure of the Earth is the size and shape used to model planet Earth.
See Geography and Figure of the Earth
Five themes of geography
The five themes of geography are an educational tool for teaching geography.
See Geography and Five themes of geography
Flora
Flora (floras or florae) is all the plant life present in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring (indigenous) native plants. The corresponding term for animals is fauna, and for fungi, it is funga.
Gamma Theta Upsilon
Gamma Theta Upsilon (ΓΘΥ or GTU) is an international honor society in geography.
See Geography and Gamma Theta Upsilon
Geodesign
Geodesign is a set of concepts and methods used to involve all stakeholders and various professions in collaboratively designing and realizing the optimal solution for spatial challenges in the built and natural environments, utilizing all available techniques and data in an integrated process.
Geodesy
Geodesy or geodetics is the science of measuring and representing the geometry, gravity, and spatial orientation of the Earth in temporally varying 3D. Geography and Geodesy are earth sciences.
Geographer
A geographer is a physical scientist, social scientist or humanist whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's natural environment and human society, including how society and nature interacts.
Geographia Generalis
Geographia Generalis is a seminal work in the field of geography authored by Bernhardus Varenius, first published in 1650.
See Geography and Geographia Generalis
Geographia Technica
Geographia Technica is a biannual open-access peer-reviewed academic journal.
See Geography and Geographia Technica
Geographic coordinate system
A geographic coordinate system (GCS) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude.
See Geography and Geographic coordinate system
Geographic information science
Geographic information science (GIScience, GISc) or geoinformation science is a scientific discipline at the crossroads of computational science, social science, and natural science that studies geographic information, including how it represents phenomena in the real world, how it represents the way humans understand the world, and how it can be captured, organized, and analyzed.
See Geography and Geographic information science
Geographic information system
A geographic information system (GIS) consists of integrated computer hardware and software that store, manage, analyze, edit, output, and visualize geographic data.
See Geography and Geographic information system
Geographic information system software
A GIS software program is a computer program to support the use of a geographic information system, providing the ability to create, store, manage, query, analyze, and visualize geographic data, that is, data representing phenomena for which location is important.
See Geography and Geographic information system software
Geographica
The Geographica (Γεωγραφικά, Geōgraphiká; Geographica or Strabonis Rerum Geographicarum Libri XVII, "Strabo's 17 Books on Geographical Topics") or Geography, is an encyclopedia of geographical knowledge, consisting of 17 'books', written in Greek in the late 1st century BC, or early 1st century AD, and attributed to Strabo, an educated citizen of the Roman Empire of Greek descent.
Geographical Association
The Geographical Association (GA) is an association in the United Kingdom.
See Geography and Geographical Association
Geographical Bulletin
The Geographical Bulletin is a biannual open-access peer-reviewed academic journal published by the international geographic honor society Gamma Theta Upsilon (ΓΘΥ or GTU).
See Geography and Geographical Bulletin
Geographical Review
The Geographical Review is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Routledge on behalf of the American Geographical Society.
See Geography and Geographical Review
Geography (Ptolemy)
The Geography (Γεωγραφικὴ Ὑφήγησις,, "Geographical Guidance"), also known by its Latin names as the Geographia and the Cosmographia, is a gazetteer, an atlas, and a treatise on cartography, compiling the geographical knowledge of the 2nd-century Roman Empire.
See Geography and Geography (Ptolemy)
Geography and cartography in the medieval Islamic world
Medieval Islamic geography and cartography refer to the study of geography and cartography in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age (variously dated between the 8th century and 16th century).
See Geography and Geography and cartography in the medieval Islamic world
Geoinformatics
Geoinformatics is a scientific field primarily within the domains of Computer Science and technical geography. Geography and Geoinformatics are earth sciences.
See Geography and Geoinformatics
Geologic map
A geologic map or geological map is a special-purpose map made to show various geological features.
See Geography and Geologic map
Geomatics
Geomatics is defined in the ISO/TC 211 series of standards as the "discipline concerned with the collection, distribution, storage, analysis, processing, presentation of geographic data or geographic information".
Geomorphology
Geomorphology (from Ancient Greek:,, 'earth';,, 'form'; and,, 'study') is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topographic and bathymetric features generated by physical, chemical or biological processes operating at or near Earth's surface. Geography and Geomorphology are earth sciences.
See Geography and Geomorphology
Geopolitics
Geopolitics is the study of the effects of Earth's geography (human and physical) on politics and international relations.
George F. Jenks
George Frederick Jenks (1916–1996) was an American geographer known for his significant contributions to cartography and geographic information systems (GIS).
See Geography and George F. Jenks
Geosophy
Geosophy is a concept introduced to geography by J.K. Wright in 1947.
Geosphere
There are several conflicting usages of geosphere, variously defined.
Geostatistics
Geostatistics is a branch of statistics focusing on spatial or spatiotemporal datasets.
See Geography and Geostatistics
Geovisualization
Geovisualization or geovisualisation (short for geographic visualization), also known as cartographic visualization, refers to a set of tools and techniques supporting the analysis of geospatial data through the use of interactive visualization.
See Geography and Geovisualization
Gerardus Mercator
Gerardus Mercator (5 March 1512 – 2 December 1594) was a Flemish geographer, cosmographer and cartographer.
See Geography and Gerardus Mercator
Glaciology
Glaciology is the scientific study of glaciers, or, more generally, ice and natural phenomena that involve ice.
Globalization
Globalization, or globalisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences), is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide.
See Geography and Globalization
Gnomon
A gnomon is the part of a sundial that casts a shadow.
Halford Mackinder
Sir Halford John Mackinder (15 February 1861 – 6 March 1947) was a British geographer, academic and politician, who is regarded as one of the founding fathers of both geopolitics and geostrategy.
See Geography and Halford Mackinder
Health geography
Health geography is the application of geographical information, perspectives, and methods to the study of health, disease, and health care.
See Geography and Health geography
Hipparchus
Hipparchus (Ἵππαρχος, Hipparkhos; BC) was a Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician.
Historical atlas
A historical atlas is a collection of maps and possibly illustrations that depict the historical geography of a particular region at a defined time period.
See Geography and Historical atlas
Historical geography
Historical geography is the branch of geography that studies the ways in which geographic phenomena have changed over time.
See Geography and Historical geography
History
History (derived) is the systematic study and documentation of the human past. Geography and History are main topic articles and social sciences.
History of cartography
The history of cartography refers to the development and consequences of cartography, or mapmaking technology, throughout human history.
See Geography and History of cartography
History of China
The history of China spans several millennia across a wide geographical area.
See Geography and History of China
History of geography
The history of geography includes many histories of geography which have differed over time and between different cultural and political groups.
See Geography and History of geography
History of mathematics
The history of mathematics deals with the origin of discoveries in mathematics and the mathematical methods and notation of the past.
See Geography and History of mathematics
Horizon
The horizon is the apparent curve that separates the surface of a celestial body from its sky when viewed from the perspective of an observer on or near the surface of the relevant body.
House of Wisdom
The House of Wisdom (بَيْت الْحِكْمَة), also known as the Grand Library of Baghdad, was believed to be a major Abbasid-era public academy and intellectual center in Baghdad.
See Geography and House of Wisdom
Human geography
Human geography or anthropogeography is the branch of geography which studies spatial relationships between human communities, cultures, economies, and their interactions with the environment, examples of which include urban sprawl and urban redevelopment. Geography and human geography are social sciences.
See Geography and Human geography
Hydrography
Hydrography is the branch of applied sciences which deals with the measurement and description of the physical features of oceans, seas, coastal areas, lakes and rivers, as well as with the prediction of their change over time, for the primary purpose of safety of navigation and in support of all other marine activities, including economic development, security and defense, scientific research, and environmental protection.
Hydrology
Hydrology is the scientific study of the movement, distribution, and management of water on Earth and other planets, including the water cycle, water resources, and drainage basin sustainability.
Hydrosphere
The hydrosphere is the combined mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of a planet, minor planet, or natural satellite.
Ibn Battuta
Abū Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abd Allāh Al-Lawātī (24 February 13041368/1369), commonly known as Ibn Battuta, was a Maghrebi traveller, explorer and scholar.
Ibn Khaldun
Ibn Khaldun (أبو زيد عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن خلدون الحضرمي.,, Arabic:; 27 May 1332 – 17 March 1406, 732–808 AH) was an Arab sociologist, philosopher, and historian widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest social scientists of the Middle Ages, and considered by many to be the father of historiography, sociology, economics, and demography studies.
Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant (born Emanuel Kant; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers.
See Geography and Immanuel Kant
Indian subcontinent
The Indian subcontinent is a physiographical region in Southern Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas.
See Geography and Indian subcontinent
Institute of Geographical Information Systems
The Institute of Geographical Information Systems (IGIS) was established by the National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan (NUST) to focus on the educational needs of students in Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS).
See Geography and Institute of Geographical Information Systems
Integrated geography
Integrated geography (also referred to as integrative geography, environmental geography or human–environment geography) is where the branches of human geography and physical geography overlap to describe and explain the spatial aspects of interactions between human individuals or societies and their natural environment, these interactions being called coupled human–environment system.
See Geography and Integrated geography
International Geographical Union
The International Geographical Union (IGU; Union géographique internationale, UGI) is an international geographical society.
See Geography and International Geographical Union
International Journal of Geographical Information Science
International Journal of Geographical Information Science is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Taylor & Francis.
See Geography and International Journal of Geographical Information Science
International Meridian Conference
The International Meridian Conference was a conference held in October 1884 in Washington, D.C., in the United States, to determine a prime meridian for international use.
See Geography and International Meridian Conference
Internet geography
Internet geography, also called cybergeography, is a subdiscipline of geography that studies the spatial organization of the Internet from social, economic, cultural, and technological perspectives.
See Geography and Internet geography
Interpolation
In the mathematical field of numerical analysis, interpolation is a type of estimation, a method of constructing (finding) new data points based on the range of a discrete set of known data points.
See Geography and Interpolation
Interview
An interview is a structured conversation where one participant asks questions, and the other provides answers.
Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author who was described in his time as a natural philosopher.
See Geography and Isaac Newton
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
The ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information is a monthly peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal covering geo-information and related topics such as Cartography, geovisualization, and spatial analysis.
See Geography and ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
James Cook
Captain James Cook (– 14 February 1779) was a British explorer, cartographer and naval officer famous for his three voyages between 1768 and 1779 in the Pacific Ocean and to New Zealand and Australia in particular.
Jia Dan
Jia Dan (730 – 805), courtesy name Dunshi (敦詩) and formally Duke Yuanjing of Wei (魏元靖公), was a Chinese cartographer, military general, and politician from Cangzhou, Hebei during the Tang dynasty.
John Harrison
John Harrison (– 24 March 1776) was an English carpenter and clockmaker who invented the marine chronometer, a long-sought-after device for solving the problem of calculating longitude while at sea.
See Geography and John Harrison
Journal of Geography
The Journal of Geography is an American academic journal published by the National Council for Geographic Education.
See Geography and Journal of Geography
Journal of Maps
The Journal of Maps is a biannual open-access peer-reviewed academic journal published by Taylor and Francis.
See Geography and Journal of Maps
Journal of Rural Studies
Journal of Rural Studies is a peer reviewed social science journal published by Elsevier B.V. (originally Pergamon Press).
See Geography and Journal of Rural Studies
Journal of Transport Geography
The Journal of Transport Geography is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Elsevier in association with the Transport Geography Research Group of the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers).
See Geography and Journal of Transport Geography
Khwarazm
Khwarazm (Hwârazmiya; خوارزم, Xwârazm or Xârazm) or Chorasmia is a large oasis region on the Amu Darya river delta in western Central Asia, bordered on the north by the (former) Aral Sea, on the east by the Kyzylkum Desert, on the south by the Karakum Desert, and on the west by the Ustyurt Plateau.
Landform
A landform is a natural or anthropogenic land feature on the solid surface of the Earth or other planetary body.
Landscape ecology
Landscape ecology is the science of studying and improving relationships between ecological processes in the environment and particular ecosystems.
See Geography and Landscape ecology
Language interpretation
Interpreting is a translational activity in which one produces a first and final target-language output on the basis of a one-time exposure to an expression in a source language.
See Geography and Language interpretation
Latitude
In geography, latitude is a coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the surface of the Earth or another celestial body.
Level of measurement
Level of measurement or scale of measure is a classification that describes the nature of information within the values assigned to variables.
See Geography and Level of measurement
Lidar
Lidar (also LIDAR, LiDAR or LADAR, an acronym of "light detection and ranging" or "laser imaging, detection, and ranging") is a method for determining ranges by targeting an object or a surface with a laser and measuring the time for the reflected light to return to the receiver.
Linear discriminant analysis
Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), normal discriminant analysis (NDA), or discriminant function analysis is a generalization of Fisher's linear discriminant, a method used in statistics and other fields, to find a linear combination of features that characterizes or separates two or more classes of objects or events.
See Geography and Linear discriminant analysis
Lithosphere
A lithosphere is the rigid, outermost rocky shell of a terrestrial planet or natural satellite.
Liu An
Liú Ān (c. 179–122 BC) was a Chinese cartographer, monarch, and philosopher.
London School of Economics
The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) is a public research university in London, England, and amember institution of the University of London.
See Geography and London School of Economics
Longitude
Longitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east–west position of a point on the surface of the Earth, or another celestial body.
Mahmud al-Kashgari
Mahmud ibn Husayn ibn Muhammad al-Kashgari was an 11th-century Kara-Khanid scholar and lexicographer of the Turkic languages from Kashgar.
See Geography and Mahmud al-Kashgari
Map
A map is a symbolic depiction emphasizing relationships between elements of some space, such as objects, regions, or themes.
Marco Polo
Marco Polo (8 January 1324) was a Venetian merchant, explorer and writer who travelled through Asia along the Silk Road between 1271 and 1295.
Mark Monmonier
Mark Stephen Monmonier (born February 2, 1943) is a Distinguished Professor of Geography and the Environment at the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs of Syracuse University.
See Geography and Mark Monmonier
Mei-Po Kwan
Mei-Po Kwan is a geographer known for her research contributions in Geographic Information Science, and human geography, particularly as they apply to time geography and human mobility.
Mercator projection
The Mercator projection is a conformal cylindrical map projection presented by Flemish geographer and cartographer Gerardus Mercator in 1569.
See Geography and Mercator projection
Meteorology
Meteorology is a branch of the atmospheric sciences (which include atmospheric chemistry and physics) with a major focus on weather forecasting.
Michael Frank Goodchild
Michael Frank Goodchild (born February 24, 1944) is a British-American geographer.
See Geography and Michael Frank Goodchild
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
Minute and second of arc
A minute of arc, arcminute (arcmin), arc minute, or minute arc, denoted by the symbol, is a unit of angular measurement equal to of one degree.
See Geography and Minute and second of arc
Muhammad al-Idrisi
Abu Abdullah Muhammad al-Idrisi al-Qurtubi al-Hasani as-Sabti, or simply al-Idrisi (أبو عبد الله محمد الإدريسي القرطبي الحسني السبتي; Dreses; 1100–1165), was a Muslim geographer and cartographer who served in the court of King Roger II at Palermo, Sicily.
See Geography and Muhammad al-Idrisi
Multimethodology
Multimethodology or multimethod research includes the use of more than one method of data collection or research in a research study or set of related studies.
See Geography and Multimethodology
Muslim world
The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah.
See Geography and Muslim world
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM), also known as the National Academies, is a congressionally chartered organization that serves as the collective scientific national academy of the United States.
See Geography and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
National Council for Geographic Education
The National Council for Geographic Education (NCGE), chartered in 1915, is a non-profit scientific and educational society in the United States that supports geography education.
See Geography and National Council for Geographic Education
National Geographic
National Geographic (formerly The National Geographic Magazine, sometimes branded as NAT GEO) is an American monthly magazine published by National Geographic Partners.
See Geography and National Geographic
National Geographic Society
The National Geographic Society (NGS), headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, is one of the largest nonprofit scientific and educational organizations in the world.
See Geography and National Geographic Society
Natural environment
The natural environment or natural world encompasses all biotic and abiotic things occurring naturally, meaning in this case not artificial.
See Geography and Natural environment
Natural science
Natural science is one of the branches of science concerned with the description, understanding and prediction of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation.
See Geography and Natural science
Nigel Thrift
Sir Nigel John Thrift (born 12 October 1949 in Bath) is a British academic and geographer.
See Geography and Nigel Thrift
Nomothetic
Nomothetic literally means "proposition of the law" (Greek derivation) and is used in philosophy, psychology, and law with differing meanings.
Non-representational theory
Non-representational theory is the study of a specific theory focused on human geography.
See Geography and Non-representational theory
Nonparametric statistics
Nonparametric statistics is a type of statistical analysis that makes minimal assumptions about the underlying distribution of the data being studied.
See Geography and Nonparametric statistics
Oceanography
Oceanography, also known as oceanology, sea science, ocean science, and marine science, is the scientific study of the ocean. Geography and Oceanography are earth sciences.
See Geography and Oceanography
Oceanus
In Greek mythology, Oceanus (Ὠκεανός, also Ὠγενός, Ὤγενος, or Ὠγήν) was a Titan son of Uranus and Gaia, the husband of his sister the Titan Tethys, and the father of the river gods and the Oceanids, as well as being the great river which encircled the entire world.
Organism
An organism is defined in a medical dictionary as any living thing that functions as an individual.
Outline of academic disciplines
An academic discipline or field of study is a branch of knowledge, taught and researched as part of higher education.
See Geography and Outline of academic disciplines
Palaeogeography
Palaeogeography (or paleogeography) is the study of historical geography, generally physical landscapes.
See Geography and Palaeogeography
Parmenides
Parmenides of Elea (Παρμενίδης ὁ Ἐλεάτης; fl. late sixth or early fifth century BC) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Elea in Magna Graecia.
Participant observation
Participant observation is one type of data collection method by practitioner-scholars typically used in qualitative research and ethnography.
See Geography and Participant observation
Paul Vidal de La Blache
Paul Vidal de La Blache (Pézenas, Hérault, 22 January 1845 – Tamaris-sur-Mer, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, 5 April 1918) was a French geographer.
See Geography and Paul Vidal de La Blache
Pedology
Pedology (from Greek: πέδον, pedon, "soil"; and λόγος, logos, "study") is a discipline within soil science which focuses on understanding and characterizing soil formation, evolution, and the theoretical frameworks for modeling soil bodies, often in the context of the natural environment.
Pedosphere
The pedosphere is the outermost layer of the Earth that is composed of soil and subject to soil formation processes.
Pei Xiu
Pei Xiu (224–271), courtesy name Jiyan, was a Chinese cartographer, geographer, politician, and writer of the state of Cao Wei during the late Three Kingdoms period and Jin dynasty of China.
Photography
Photography is the art, application, and practice of creating images by recording light, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film.
Physical geography
Physical geography (also known as physiography) is one of the three main branches of geography. Geography and Physical geography are earth sciences.
See Geography and Physical geography
Piri Reis
Ahmed Muhiddin Piri (1465 – 1553), better known as Piri Reis (Reis or Hacı Ahmet Muhittin Pîrî Bey), was an Ottoman navigator, geographer and cartographer.
Piri Reis map
The Piri Reis map is a world map compiled in 1513 by the Ottoman admiral and cartographer Piri Reis.
See Geography and Piri Reis map
Plain
In geography, a plain, commonly known as flatland, is a flat expanse of land that generally does not change much in elevation, and is primarily treeless.
Planet
A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is generally required to be in orbit around a star, stellar remnant, or brown dwarf, and is not one itself.
Planetary habitability
Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and maintain environments hospitable to life.
See Geography and Planetary habitability
Planetary science
Planetary science (or more rarely, planetology) is the scientific study of planets (including Earth), celestial bodies (such as moons, asteroids, comets) and planetary systems (in particular those of the Solar System) and the processes of their formation.
See Geography and Planetary science
Poetry
Poetry (from the Greek word poiesis, "making") is a form of literary art that uses aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, literal or surface-level meanings.
Political geography
Political geography is concerned with the study of both the spatially uneven outcomes of political processes and the ways in which political processes are themselves affected by spatial structures.
See Geography and Political geography
Population geography
Population geography relates to variations in the distribution, composition, migration, and growth of populations.
See Geography and Population geography
Prime meridian (Greenwich)
The Greenwich meridian is a prime meridian, a geographical reference line that passes through the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, in London, England.
See Geography and Prime meridian (Greenwich)
Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.
See Geography and Princeton University Press
Progress in Human Geography
Progress in Human Geography is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the field of human geography, primarily publishing critical reviews of current research.
See Geography and Progress in Human Geography
Ptolemy
Claudius Ptolemy (Πτολεμαῖος,; Claudius Ptolemaeus; AD) was an Alexandrian mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were important to later Byzantine, Islamic, and Western European science.
Pythagoras
Pythagoras of Samos (Πυθαγόρας; BC) was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher, polymath and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism.
Qualitative geography
Qualitative geography is a subfield and methodological approach to geography focusing on nominal data, descriptive information, and the subjective and interpretive aspects of how humans experience and perceive the world.
See Geography and Qualitative geography
Qualitative research
Qualitative research is a type of research that aims to gather and analyse non-numerical (descriptive) data in order to gain an understanding of individuals' social reality, including understanding their attitudes, beliefs, and motivation.
See Geography and Qualitative research
Quantitative geography
Quantitative geography is a subfield and methodological approach to geography that develops, tests, and uses scientific, mathematical, and statistical methods to analyze and model geographic phenomena and patterns.
See Geography and Quantitative geography
Quantitative revolution
The quantitative revolution (QR) was a paradigm shift that sought to develop a more rigorous and systematic methodology for the discipline of geography.
See Geography and Quantitative revolution
Quaternary science
Quaternary science is the subfield of geology which studies the Quaternary Period commonly known as the ice age.
See Geography and Quaternary science
Regional geography
Regional geography is one of the major traditions of geography.
See Geography and Regional geography
Religion and geography
Religion and geography is the study of the impact of geography, i.e. place and space, on religious belief.
See Geography and Religion and geography
Remote sensing
Remote sensing is the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object, in contrast to in situ or on-site observation.
See Geography and Remote sensing
Rock (geology)
In geology, rock (or stone) is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter.
See Geography and Rock (geology)
Roger Tomlinson
Roger Frank Tomlinson (17 November 1933 – 7 February 2014) was an English-Canadian geographer and the primary originator of modern geographic information systems (GIS), and has been acknowledged as the "father of GIS.".
See Geography and Roger Tomlinson
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.
See Geography and Roman Empire
Royal Canadian Geographical Society
The Royal Canadian Geographical Society (RCGS; French: Société géographique royale du Canada) is a Canadian nonprofit educational organization.
See Geography and Royal Canadian Geographical Society
Royal Danish Geographical Society
The Royal Danish Geographical Society (RDGS, Det Kongelige Danske Geografiske Selskab) is a scientific society aimed at furthering the knowledge of the Earth and its inhabitants and to disseminate interest in the science of geography.
See Geography and Royal Danish Geographical Society
Royal Geographical Society
The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers), often shortened to RGS, is a learned society and professional body for geography based in the United Kingdom.
See Geography and Royal Geographical Society
Russian Geographical Society
The Russian Geographical Society (Ру́сское географи́ческое о́бщество (РГО)), or RGO, is a learned society based in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
See Geography and Russian Geographical Society
Rutgers University
Rutgers University, officially Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, is a public land-grant research university consisting of four campuses in New Jersey.
See Geography and Rutgers University
Satellite imagery
Satellite images (also Earth observation imagery, spaceborne photography, or simply satellite photo) are images of Earth collected by imaging satellites operated by governments and businesses around the world.
See Geography and Satellite imagery
Sexagesimal
Sexagesimal, also known as base 60, is a numeral system with sixty as its base.
Shen Kuo
Shen Kuo (1031–1095) or Shen Gua, courtesy name Cunzhong (存中) and pseudonym Mengqi (now usually given as Mengxi) Weng (夢溪翁),Yao (2003), 544.
Social geography is the branch of human geography that is interested in the relationships between society and space, and is most closely related to social theory in general and sociology in particular, dealing with the relation of social phenomena and its spatial components.
See Geography and Social geography
Social science is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among individuals within those societies. Geography and Social science are social sciences.
See Geography and Social science
Société de Géographie
The Société de Géographie, is the world's oldest geographical society.
See Geography and Société de Géographie
Soil
Soil, also commonly referred to as earth or dirt, is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support the life of plants and soil organisms.
Solar System
The Solar SystemCapitalization of the name varies.
See Geography and Solar System
Spacetime
In physics, spacetime, also called the space-time continuum, is a mathematical model that fuses the three dimensions of space and the one dimension of time into a single four-dimensional continuum.
Spatial analysis
Spatial analysis is any of the formal techniques which studies entities using their topological, geometric, or geographic properties.
See Geography and Spatial analysis
Spherical Earth
Spherical Earth or Earth's curvature refers to the approximation of the figure of the Earth as a sphere.
See Geography and Spherical Earth
Statistical geography
Statistical geography is the study and practice of collecting, analysing and presenting data that has a geographic or areal dimension, such as census or demographics data.
See Geography and Statistical geography
Strabo
StraboStrabo (meaning "squinty", as in strabismus) was a term employed by the Romans for anyone whose eyes were distorted or deformed.
Surveying
Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, art, and science of determining the terrestrial two-dimensional or three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them.
Tabula Rogeriana
The Nuzhat al-mushtāq fī ikhtirāq al-āfāq (نزهة المشتاق في اختراق الآفاق, lit. "The Excursion of One Eager to Penetrate the Distant Horizons"), commonly known in the West as the (lit. "The Book of Roger" in Latin), is an atlas commissioned by the Norman King Roger II in 1138 and completed by the Arab geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi in 1154.
See Geography and Tabula Rogeriana
Technical geography
Technical geography is the branch of geography that involves using, studying, and creating tools to obtain, analyze, interpret, understand, and communicate spatial information.
See Geography and Technical geography
Terrain
Terrain or relief (also topographical relief) involves the vertical and horizontal dimensions of land surface.
Thales of Miletus
Thales of Miletus (Θαλῆς) was an Ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher from Miletus in Ionia, Asia Minor.
See Geography and Thales of Miletus
The Geographical Journal
The Geographical Journal is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal of the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers).
See Geography and The Geographical Journal
The Professional Geographer
The Professional Geographer is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal publishing short articles on all aspects of geography.
See Geography and The Professional Geographer
Time geography
Time geography or time-space geography is an evolving transdisciplinary perspective on spatial and temporal processes and events such as social interaction, ecological interaction, social and environmental change, and biographies of individuals.
See Geography and Time geography
Tobler's first law of geography
The First Law of Geography, according to Waldo Tobler, is "everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things." This first law is the foundation of the fundamental concepts of spatial dependence and spatial autocorrelation and is utilized specifically for the inverse distance weighting method for spatial interpolation and to support the regionalized variable theory for kriging.
See Geography and Tobler's first law of geography
Tobler's second law of geography
The second law of geography, according to Waldo Tobler, is "the phenomenon external to a geographic area of interest affects what goes on inside." This is an extension of his first.
See Geography and Tobler's second law of geography
Toponymy
Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of toponyms (proper names of places, also known as place names and geographic names), including their origins, meanings, usage and types.
Tourism geography
Tourism geography is the study of travel and tourism, as an industry and as a social and cultural activity.
See Geography and Tourism geography
Transport geography
Transport geography or transportation geography is a branch of geography that investigates the movement and connections between people, goods and information on the Earth's surface.
See Geography and Transport geography
Trigonometry
Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics concerned with relationships between angles and side lengths of triangles.
See Geography and Trigonometry
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; pronounced) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture.
Urartu
Urartu (Ուրարտու; Assyrian:,Eberhard Schrader, The Cuneiform inscriptions and the Old Testament (1885), p. 65. Babylonian: Urashtu, אֲרָרָט Ararat) was an Iron Age kingdom centered around Lake Van in the Armenian Highlands.
Urban geography
Urban geography is the subdiscipline of geography that derives from a study of cities and urban processes.
See Geography and Urban geography
Urban planning
Urban planning, also known as town planning, city planning, regional planning, or rural planning in specific contexts, is a technical and political process that is focused on the development and design of land use and the built environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas, such as transportation, communications, and distribution networks, and their accessibility. Geography and urban planning are social sciences.
See Geography and Urban planning
Valley
A valley is an elongated low area often running between hills or mountains, which typically contains a river or stream running from one end to the other.
Vautrin Lud Prize
The Prix International de Géographie Vautrin Lud, known in English as the Vautrin Lud Prize, is the highest award in the field of geography.
See Geography and Vautrin Lud Prize
Waldo R. Tobler
Waldo Rudolph Tobler (November 16, 1930 – February 20, 2018) was an American-Swiss geographer and cartographer.
See Geography and Waldo R. Tobler
Walter Christaller
Walter Christaller (21 April 1893 – 9 March 1969) was a German geographer whose principal contribution to the discipline is central place theory, first published in 1933.
See Geography and Walter Christaller
Wiley (publisher)
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., commonly known as Wiley, is an American multinational publishing company that focuses on academic publishing and instructional materials.
See Geography and Wiley (publisher)
William Hughes (geographer)
William Hughes FRGS (1818 – 21 May 1876) was an English geographer, cartographer, author and academic.
See Geography and William Hughes (geographer)
William Morris Davis
William Morris Davis (February 12, 1850 – February 5, 1934) was an American geographer, geologist, geomorphologist, and meteorologist, often called the "father of American geography".
See Geography and William Morris Davis
World
The world is the totality of entities, the whole of reality, or everything that exists.
World map
A world map is a map of most or all of the surface of Earth.
Xu Xiake
Xu Xiake (January 5, 1587 – March 8, 1641), born Xu Hongzu (徐弘祖), courtesy name Zhenzhi (振之), was a Chinese explorer, geographer, and travel writer of the Ming dynasty, known best for his famous geographical treatise, and noted for his bravery and humility.
Yaqut al-Hamawi
Yāqūt Shihāb al-Dīn ibn-ʿAbdullāh al-Rūmī al-Ḥamawī (1179–1229) (ياقوت الحموي الرومي) was a Muslim scholar of Byzantine ancestry active during the late Abbasid period (12th–13th centuries).
See Geography and Yaqut al-Hamawi
Yi-Fu Tuan
Yi-Fu Tuan (December 5, 1930 – August 10, 2022) was a Chinese-born American geographer and writer.
Zhou Daguan
Zhou Daguan (Tcheou Ta-Kouan; c. 1270–?) was a Chinese diplomat of the Yuan dynasty of China, serving under Temür Khan (Emperor Chengzong of Yuan).
See also
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography
Also known as Applied geography, Geog, Geog., Geographic, Geographical, Geographically, Geographics, Geographies, Geography of Earth, Geography of the earth, Geograpy, Hazard geography, Jography, Laws of geography, Planetary geography.
, Cambridge University Press, Carl O. Sauer, Carl Ritter, Cartography, Celestial sphere, Central place theory, Chorochromatic map, Christopher Columbus, Climate, Climatology, Cluster analysis, Coastal geography, Cognitive geography, Cognitive psychology, ColorBrewer, Computer science, Concentric zone model, Concept, Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography, Cosmology, Cosmos (Humboldt book), Critical geography, Cultural geography, Culture, Culture theory, Cycle of erosion, Cynthia Brewer, Dana Tomlin, Database, Deep map, Demography, Development geography, Dialogues in Human Geography, Digital elevation model, Doreen Massey (geographer), Earth, Earth radius, Earth science, Earth system science, Earth's circumference, Eckhard Unger, Eclipse, Economic geography, Economic Geography (journal), Edward Cave, Electromagnetic spectrum, Ellen Churchill Semple, Emporia State University, Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems, Environmental determinism, Environmental resource management, Epidemiology, Equirectangular projection, Eratosthenes, Ergonomics, Ernest Burgess, Euphrates, Fall of the Western Roman Empire, Fan Chengda, Fauna, Feminist geography, Figure of the Earth, Five themes of geography, Flora, Gamma Theta Upsilon, Geodesign, Geodesy, Geographer, Geographia Generalis, Geographia Technica, Geographic coordinate system, Geographic information science, Geographic information system, Geographic information system software, Geographica, Geographical Association, Geographical Bulletin, Geographical Review, Geography (Ptolemy), Geography and cartography in the medieval Islamic world, Geoinformatics, Geologic map, Geomatics, Geomorphology, Geopolitics, George F. Jenks, Geosophy, Geosphere, Geostatistics, Geovisualization, Gerardus Mercator, Glaciology, Globalization, Gnomon, Halford Mackinder, Health geography, Hipparchus, Historical atlas, Historical geography, History, History of cartography, History of China, History of geography, History of mathematics, Horizon, House of Wisdom, Human geography, Hydrography, Hydrology, Hydrosphere, Ibn Battuta, Ibn Khaldun, Immanuel Kant, Indian subcontinent, Institute of Geographical Information Systems, Integrated geography, International Geographical Union, International Journal of Geographical Information Science, International Meridian Conference, Internet geography, Interpolation, Interview, Isaac Newton, ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, James Cook, Jia Dan, John Harrison, Journal of Geography, Journal of Maps, Journal of Rural Studies, Journal of Transport Geography, Khwarazm, Landform, Landscape ecology, Language interpretation, Latitude, Level of measurement, Lidar, Linear discriminant analysis, Lithosphere, Liu An, London School of Economics, Longitude, Mahmud al-Kashgari, Map, Marco Polo, Mark Monmonier, Mei-Po Kwan, Mercator projection, Meteorology, Michael Frank Goodchild, Middle Ages, Minute and second of arc, Muhammad al-Idrisi, Multimethodology, Muslim world, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, National Council for Geographic Education, National Geographic, National Geographic Society, Natural environment, Natural science, Nigel Thrift, Nomothetic, Non-representational theory, Nonparametric statistics, Oceanography, Oceanus, Organism, Outline of academic disciplines, Palaeogeography, Parmenides, Participant observation, Paul Vidal de La Blache, Pedology, Pedosphere, Pei Xiu, Photography, Physical geography, Piri Reis, Piri Reis map, Plain, Planet, Planetary habitability, Planetary science, Poetry, Political geography, Population geography, Prime meridian (Greenwich), Princeton University Press, Progress in Human Geography, Ptolemy, Pythagoras, Qualitative geography, Qualitative research, Quantitative geography, Quantitative revolution, Quaternary science, Regional geography, Religion and geography, Remote sensing, Rock (geology), Roger Tomlinson, Roman Empire, Royal Canadian Geographical Society, Royal Danish Geographical Society, Royal Geographical Society, Russian Geographical Society, Rutgers University, Satellite imagery, Sexagesimal, Shen Kuo, Social geography, Social science, Société de Géographie, Soil, Solar System, Spacetime, Spatial analysis, Spherical Earth, Statistical geography, Strabo, Surveying, Tabula Rogeriana, Technical geography, Terrain, Thales of Miletus, The Geographical Journal, The Professional Geographer, Time geography, Tobler's first law of geography, Tobler's second law of geography, Toponymy, Tourism geography, Transport geography, Trigonometry, UNESCO, Urartu, Urban geography, Urban planning, Valley, Vautrin Lud Prize, Waldo R. Tobler, Walter Christaller, Wiley (publisher), William Hughes (geographer), William Morris Davis, World, World map, Xu Xiake, Yaqut al-Hamawi, Yi-Fu Tuan, Zhou Daguan.