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Geology of Nigeria, the Glossary

The geology of Nigeria formed beginning in the Archean and Proterozoic eons of the Precambrian.^[1]

84 relations: Albian, Ammonoidea, Amphibolite, Anticline, Aplite, Archean, Arkose, Baryte, Basalt, Batholith, Biotite, Cambrian, Campanian, Cenomanian, Cenozoic, Chad Basin, Charnockite, Columbite, Coniacian, Cretaceous, Dacite, Diabase, Diorite, Eburnean orogeny, Economy of Nigeria, Eocene, Feldspar, Garnet, Gastropoda, Gneiss, Graben, Granitoid, Granodiorite, Granulite, Greywacke, Groundwater in Nigeria, Gypsum, Isocline, Jurassic, Kaolinite, Kwara State, Kyanite, Lignite, Maastrichtian, Mafic, Marine transgression, Marl, Mesozoic, Metamorphic facies, Migmatite, ... Expand index (34 more) »

Albian

The Albian is both an age of the geologic timescale and a stage in the stratigraphic column.

See Geology of Nigeria and Albian

Ammonoidea

Ammonoids are extinct spiral shelled cephalopods comprising the subclass Ammonoidea.

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Amphibolite

Amphibolite is a metamorphic rock that contains amphibole, especially hornblende and actinolite, as well as plagioclase feldspar, but with little or no quartz.

See Geology of Nigeria and Amphibolite

Anticline

In structural geology, an anticline is a type of fold that is an arch-like shape and has its oldest beds at its core, whereas a syncline is the inverse of an anticline.

See Geology of Nigeria and Anticline

Aplite

Aplite is an intrusive igneous rock that has a granitic composition.

See Geology of Nigeria and Aplite

The Archean Eon (also spelled Archaean or Archæan), in older sources sometimes called the Archaeozoic, is the second of the four geologic eons of Earth's history, preceded by the Hadean Eon and followed by the Proterozoic.

See Geology of Nigeria and Archean

Arkose

Arkose or arkosic sandstone is a detrital sedimentary rock, specifically a type of sandstone containing at least 25% feldspar.

See Geology of Nigeria and Arkose

Baryte

Baryte, barite or barytes is a mineral consisting of barium sulfate (BaSO4).

See Geology of Nigeria and Baryte

Basalt

Basalt is an aphanitic (fine-grained) extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava rich in magnesium and iron (mafic lava) exposed at or very near the surface of a rocky planet or moon.

See Geology of Nigeria and Basalt

Batholith

A batholith is a large mass of intrusive igneous rock (also called plutonic rock), larger than in area, that forms from cooled magma deep in the Earth's crust.

See Geology of Nigeria and Batholith

Biotite

Biotite is a common group of phyllosilicate minerals within the mica group, with the approximate chemical formula.

See Geology of Nigeria and Biotite

Cambrian

The Cambrian is the first geological period of the Paleozoic Era, and the Phanerozoic Eon.

See Geology of Nigeria and Cambrian

Campanian

The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous Epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS).

See Geology of Nigeria and Campanian

Cenomanian

The Cenomanian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy's (ICS) geological timescale, the oldest or earliest age of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or the lowest stage of the Upper Cretaceous Series.

See Geology of Nigeria and Cenomanian

Cenozoic

The Cenozoic is Earth's current geological era, representing the last 66million years of Earth's history.

See Geology of Nigeria and Cenozoic

Chad Basin

The Chad Basin is the largest endorheic basin in Africa, centered approximately on Lake Chad.

See Geology of Nigeria and Chad Basin

Charnockite

Charnockite is any orthopyroxene-bearing quartz-feldspar rock formed at high temperature and pressure, commonly found in granulite facies’ metamorphic regions, sensu stricto as an endmember of the charnockite series.

See Geology of Nigeria and Charnockite

Columbite

Columbite, also called niobite, niobite-tantalite and columbate, with a general chemical formula of, is a black mineral group that is an ore of niobium.

See Geology of Nigeria and Columbite

Coniacian

The Coniacian is an age or stage in the geologic timescale.

See Geology of Nigeria and Coniacian

Cretaceous

The Cretaceous is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya).

See Geology of Nigeria and Cretaceous

Dacite

Dacite is a volcanic rock formed by rapid solidification of lava that is high in silica and low in alkali metal oxides.

See Geology of Nigeria and Dacite

Diabase

Diabase, also called dolerite or microgabbro, is a mafic, holocrystalline, subvolcanic rock equivalent to volcanic basalt or plutonic gabbro.

See Geology of Nigeria and Diabase

Diorite

Diorite is an intrusive igneous rock formed by the slow cooling underground of magma (molten rock) that has a moderate content of silica and a relatively low content of alkali metals.

See Geology of Nigeria and Diorite

Eburnean orogeny

The Eburnean orogeny, or Eburnean cycle, was a series of tectonic, metamorphic and plutonic events in what is now West Africa during the Paleoproterozoic era about 2200–2000 million years ago.

See Geology of Nigeria and Eburnean orogeny

Economy of Nigeria

The economy of Nigeria is a middle-income, mixed economy and emerging market with expanding manufacturing, financial, service, communications, technology, and entertainment sectors.

See Geology of Nigeria and Economy of Nigeria

Eocene

The Eocene is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (Ma).

See Geology of Nigeria and Eocene

Feldspar

Feldspar (sometimes spelled felspar) is a group of rock-forming aluminium tectosilicate minerals, also containing other cations such as sodium, calcium, potassium, or barium.

See Geology of Nigeria and Feldspar

Garnet

Garnets are a group of silicate minerals that have been used since the Bronze Age as gemstones and abrasives.

See Geology of Nigeria and Garnet

Gastropoda

Gastropods, commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda.

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Gneiss

Gneiss is a common and widely distributed type of metamorphic rock.

See Geology of Nigeria and Gneiss

Graben

In geology, a graben is a depressed block of the crust of a planet or moon, bordered by parallel normal faults.

See Geology of Nigeria and Graben

Granitoid

A granitoid is a generic term for a diverse category of coarse-grained igneous rocks that consist predominantly of quartz, plagioclase, and alkali feldspar.

See Geology of Nigeria and Granitoid

Granodiorite

Granodiorite is a coarse-grained (phaneritic) intrusive igneous rock similar to granite, but containing more plagioclase feldspar than orthoclase feldspar.

See Geology of Nigeria and Granodiorite

Granulite

Granulites are a class of high-grade metamorphic rocks of the granulite facies that have experienced high-temperature and moderate-pressure metamorphism.

See Geology of Nigeria and Granulite

Greywacke

Greywacke or graywacke (German grauwacke, signifying a grey, earthy rock) is a variety of sandstone generally characterized by its hardness, dark color, and poorly sorted angular grains of quartz, feldspar, and small rock fragments or sand-size lithic fragments set in a compact, clay-fine matrix.

See Geology of Nigeria and Greywacke

Groundwater in Nigeria

Groundwater in Nigeria is widely used for domestic, agricultural, and industrial supplies.

See Geology of Nigeria and Groundwater in Nigeria

Gypsum

Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula.

See Geology of Nigeria and Gypsum

Isocline

Fig. 1: Isoclines (blue), slope field (black), and some solution curves (red) of ''y'''.

See Geology of Nigeria and Isocline

Jurassic

The Jurassic is a geologic period and stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately Mya.

See Geology of Nigeria and Jurassic

Kaolinite

Kaolinite (also called kaolin) is a clay mineral, with the chemical composition: Al2Si2O5(OH)4.

See Geology of Nigeria and Kaolinite

Kwara State

Kwara State (Ìpínlẹ̀ Kwárà) is a state in Western Nigeria, bordered to the east by Kogi State, to the north by Niger State, and to the south by Ekiti, Osun, and Oyo states, while its western border makes up part of the international border with Benin Republic.

See Geology of Nigeria and Kwara State

Kyanite

Kyanite is a typically blue aluminosilicate mineral, found in aluminium-rich metamorphic pegmatites and sedimentary rock.

See Geology of Nigeria and Kyanite

Lignite

Lignite (derived from Latin lignum meaning 'wood'), often referred to as brown coal, is a soft, brown, combustible sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat.

See Geology of Nigeria and Lignite

Maastrichtian

The Maastrichtian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) geologic timescale, the latest age (uppermost stage) of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series, the Cretaceous Period or System, and of the Mesozoic Era or Erathem.

See Geology of Nigeria and Maastrichtian

Mafic

A mafic mineral or rock is a silicate mineral or igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron.

See Geology of Nigeria and Mafic

Marine transgression

A marine transgression is a geologic event during which sea level rises relative to the land and the shoreline moves toward higher ground, which results in flooding.

See Geology of Nigeria and Marine transgression

Marl

Marl is an earthy material rich in carbonate minerals, clays, and silt.

See Geology of Nigeria and Marl

Mesozoic

The Mesozoic Era is the penultimate era of Earth's geological history, lasting from about, comprising the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods.

See Geology of Nigeria and Mesozoic

A metamorphic facies is a set of mineral assemblages in metamorphic rocks formed under similar pressures and temperatures.

See Geology of Nigeria and Metamorphic facies

Migmatite

Migmatite is a composite rock found in medium and high-grade metamorphic environments, commonly within Precambrian cratonic blocks.

See Geology of Nigeria and Migmatite

Molasse

In geology, "molasse" are sandstones, shales and conglomerates that form as terrestrial or shallow marine deposits in front of rising mountain chains.

See Geology of Nigeria and Molasse

Muscovite

Muscovite (also known as common mica, isinglass, or potash mica) is a hydrated phyllosilicate mineral of aluminium and potassium with formula KAl2(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2, or (KF)2(Al2O3)3(SiO2)6(H2O).

See Geology of Nigeria and Muscovite

Neoproterozoic

The Neoproterozoic Era is the unit of geologic time from 1 billion to 538.8 million years ago.

See Geology of Nigeria and Neoproterozoic

Nigeria

Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa.

See Geology of Nigeria and Nigeria

Niobium

Niobium is a chemical element; it has symbol Nb (formerly columbium, Cb) and atomic number 41.

See Geology of Nigeria and Niobium

Orogeny

Orogeny is a mountain-building process that takes place at a convergent plate margin when plate motion compresses the margin.

See Geology of Nigeria and Orogeny

Paleocene

The Paleocene, or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 million years ago (mya).

See Geology of Nigeria and Paleocene

Paleoproterozoic

The Paleoproterozoic Era (also spelled Palaeoproterozoic) is the first of the three sub-divisions (eras) of the Proterozoic eon, and also the longest era of the Earth's geological history, spanning from (2.5–1.6 Ga).

See Geology of Nigeria and Paleoproterozoic

Paleozoic

The Paleozoic (or Palaeozoic) Era is the first of three geological eras of the Phanerozoic Eon.

See Geology of Nigeria and Paleozoic

Pan-African orogeny

The Pan-African orogeny was a series of major Neoproterozoic orogenic events which related to the formation of the supercontinents Gondwana and Pannotia about 600 million years ago.

See Geology of Nigeria and Pan-African orogeny

Pelite

A pelite or metapelite is a metamorphosed fine-grained sedimentary rock, i.e. mudstone or siltstone.

See Geology of Nigeria and Pelite

Phyllite

Phyllite is a type of foliated metamorphic rock formed from slate that is further metamorphosed so that very fine grained white mica achieves a preferred orientation.

See Geology of Nigeria and Phyllite

Plateau State

Plateau State is a north central Nigerian state.

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Pliocene

The Pliocene (also Pleiocene) is the epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58 million years ago.

See Geology of Nigeria and Pliocene

Precambrian

The Precambrian (or Pre-Cambrian, sometimes abbreviated pC, or Cryptozoic) is the earliest part of Earth's history, set before the current Phanerozoic Eon.

See Geology of Nigeria and Precambrian

Proterozoic

The Proterozoic is the third of the four geologic eons of Earth's history, spanning the time interval from 2500 to 538.8Mya, the longest eon of the Earth's geologic time scale.

See Geology of Nigeria and Proterozoic

Quartzite

Quartzite is a hard, non-foliated metamorphic rock which was originally pure quartz sandstone.

See Geology of Nigeria and Quartzite

Radiolaria

The Radiolaria, also called Radiozoa, are protozoa of diameter 0.1–0.2 mm that produce intricate mineral skeletons, typically with a central capsule dividing the cell into the inner and outer portions of endoplasm and ectoplasm.

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Rhyolite

Rhyolite is the most silica-rich of volcanic rocks.

See Geology of Nigeria and Rhyolite

Santonian

The Santonian is an age in the geologic timescale or a chronostratigraphic stage.

See Geology of Nigeria and Santonian

Schist

Schist is a medium-grained metamorphic rock showing pronounced schistosity.

See Geology of Nigeria and Schist

Sea urchin

Sea urchins or urchins, alternatively known as sea hedgehogs, are typically spiny, globular animals, echinoderms in the class Echinoidea.

See Geology of Nigeria and Sea urchin

Shale

Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock formed from mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolin, Al2Si2O5(OH)4) and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite.

See Geology of Nigeria and Shale

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_Nigeria

, Molasse, Muscovite, Neoproterozoic, Nigeria, Niobium, Orogeny, Paleocene, Paleoproterozoic, Paleozoic, Pan-African orogeny, Pelite, Phyllite, Plateau State, Pliocene, Precambrian, Proterozoic, Quartzite, Radiolaria, Rhyolite, Santonian, Schist, Sea urchin, Shale, Shoshonite, Sillimanite, Staurolite, Syenite, Syncline, Tantalite, Tholeiitic magma series, Tin mining, Tonalite, Turonian, Unconformity.

Geology of Nigeria, the Glossary

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References