Gestalt psychology, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 113 relations: Albert Bregman, Algorithm, Amodal perception, Auditory scene analysis, Augusto Garau, Carl Stumpf, Cartography, Christian von Ehrenfels, Classical mechanics, Cognitive grammar, Cognitive psychology, Computational neuroscience, Correlation, Cybernetics, David Hartley (philosopher), David Hume, David Marr (neuroscientist), Edgar Rubin, Edmund Husserl, Edward B. Titchener, Edward Thorndike, Egregore, Emergence, Empiricism, Encyclopædia Britannica, Ernst Mach, Fidelity, Form perception, Fritz Perls, Functional fixedness, Gabriele von Wartensleben, Geometry, Gestalt theoretical psychotherapy, Gestalt therapy, Gestaltzerfall, Graz School, Halo effect, Hans Wallach, Hermann Friedmann, Hermann von Helmholtz, Holism in science, Human, Human brain, Illusion, Illusory contours, Immanuel Kant, Impossible trident, Isomorphism (Gestalt psychology), Ivan Pavlov, James J. Gibson, ... Expand index (63 more) »

2. Holism
3. Psychological schools

Albert Bregman

Albert Stanley Bregman (September 15, 1936 – May 18, 2023) was a Canadian academic and researcher in experimental psychology, cognitive science, and Gestalt psychology, primarily in the perceptual organization of sound.

See Gestalt psychology and Albert Bregman

Algorithm

In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is a finite sequence of mathematically rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation.

See Gestalt psychology and Algorithm

Amodal perception

Amodal perception is the perception of the whole of a physical structure when only parts of it affect the sensory receptors. Gestalt psychology and Amodal perception are perception.

See Gestalt psychology and Amodal perception

Auditory scene analysis

In perception and psychophysics, auditory scene analysis (ASA) is a proposed model for the basis of auditory perception.

See Gestalt psychology and Auditory scene analysis

Augusto Garau

Augusto Orazio Vittorio Garau (1923 in Bolzano – 2010 in Milan) was an Italian artist, theorist of color, and professor.

See Gestalt psychology and Augusto Garau

Carl Stumpf

Carl Stumpf (21 April 1848 – 25 December 1936) was a German philosopher, psychologist and musicologist.

See Gestalt psychology and Carl Stumpf

Cartography

Cartography (from χάρτης chartēs, 'papyrus, sheet of paper, map'; and γράφειν graphein, 'write') is the study and practice of making and using maps. Gestalt psychology and Cartography are graphic design.

See Gestalt psychology and Cartography

Christian von Ehrenfels

Christian von Ehrenfels (also Maria Christian Julius Leopold Freiherr von Ehrenfels; 20 June 1859 – 8 September 1932) was an Austrian philosopher, and is known as one of the founders and precursors of Gestalt psychology.

See Gestalt psychology and Christian von Ehrenfels

Classical mechanics

Classical mechanics is a physical theory describing the motion of objects such as projectiles, parts of machinery, spacecraft, planets, stars, and galaxies.

See Gestalt psychology and Classical mechanics

Cognitive grammar

Cognitive grammar is a cognitive approach to language developed by Ronald Langacker, which hypothesizes that grammar, semantics, and lexicon exist on a continuum instead of as separate processes altogether.

See Gestalt psychology and Cognitive grammar

Cognitive psychology

Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning.

See Gestalt psychology and Cognitive psychology

Computational neuroscience

Computational neuroscience (also known as theoretical neuroscience or mathematical neuroscience) is a branch of neuroscience which employs mathematics, computer science, theoretical analysis and abstractions of the brain to understand the principles that govern the development, structure, physiology and cognitive abilities of the nervous system.

See Gestalt psychology and Computational neuroscience

Correlation

In statistics, correlation or dependence is any statistical relationship, whether causal or not, between two random variables or bivariate data.

See Gestalt psychology and Correlation

Cybernetics

Cybernetics is the transdisciplinary study of circular processes such as feedback systems where outputs are also inputs.

See Gestalt psychology and Cybernetics

David Hartley (philosopher)

David Hartley (baptized 21 June 1705 Old Style; died 28 August 1757) was an English philosopher and founder of the Associationist school of psychology.

See Gestalt psychology and David Hartley (philosopher)

David Hume

David Hume (born David Home; – 25 August 1776) was a Scottish philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist who was best known for his highly influential system of empiricism, philosophical skepticism and metaphysical naturalism.

See Gestalt psychology and David Hume

David Marr (neuroscientist)

David Courtenay Marr (19 January 1945 – 17 November 1980), from the International Encyclopaedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences, by Shimon Edelman and Lucia M. Vaina; published 2001-01-08; archived at Cornell University; retrieved 2021-07-21 was a British neuroscientist and physiologist.

See Gestalt psychology and David Marr (neuroscientist)

Edgar Rubin

Edgar John Rubin (September 6, 1886 – May 3, 1951) was a Danish psychologist/phenomenologist, remembered for his work on figure-ground perception as seen in such optical illusions like the Rubin vase.

See Gestalt psychology and Edgar Rubin

Edmund Husserl

Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl (8 April 1859 – 27 April 1938) was an Austrian-German philosopher and mathematician who established the school of phenomenology.

See Gestalt psychology and Edmund Husserl

Edward B. Titchener

Edward Bradford Titchener (11 January 1867 – 3 August 1927) was an English psychologist who studied under Wilhelm Wundt for several years.

See Gestalt psychology and Edward B. Titchener

Edward Thorndike

Edward Lee Thorndike (August 31, 1874 – August 9, 1949) was an American psychologist who spent nearly his entire career at Teachers College, Columbia University.

See Gestalt psychology and Edward Thorndike

Egregore

An egregore (also spelled egregor) is a concept in Western esotericism of a non-physical entity or thoughtform that arises from the collective thoughts and emotions of a distinct group of individuals.

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Emergence

In philosophy, systems theory, science, and art, emergence occurs when a complex entity has properties or behaviors that its parts do not have on their own, and emerge only when they interact in a wider whole. Gestalt psychology and emergence are holism.

See Gestalt psychology and Emergence

Empiricism

In philosophy, empiricism is an epistemological view which holds that true knowledge or justification comes only or primarily from sensory experience and empirical evidence.

See Gestalt psychology and Empiricism

Encyclopædia Britannica

The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

See Gestalt psychology and Encyclopædia Britannica

Ernst Mach

Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach (18 February 1838 – 19 February 1916) was an Austrian physicist and philosopher, who contributed to the physics of shock waves.

See Gestalt psychology and Ernst Mach

Fidelity

Fidelity is the quality of faithfulness or loyalty.

See Gestalt psychology and Fidelity

Form perception

Form perception is the recognition of visual elements of objects, specifically those to do with shapes, patterns and previously identified important characteristics. Gestalt psychology and Form perception are perception.

See Gestalt psychology and Form perception

Fritz Perls

Friedrich Salomon Perls (July 8, 1893 – March 14, 1970), better known as Fritz Perls, was a German-born psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and psychotherapist.

See Gestalt psychology and Fritz Perls

Functional fixedness

Functional fixedness is a cognitive bias that limits a person to use an object only in the way it is traditionally used.

See Gestalt psychology and Functional fixedness

Gabriele von Wartensleben

Gabriele von Wartensleben (April 24, 1870 – August 12, 1953) was a German psychologist who published the first academic statement on Gestalt theory.

See Gestalt psychology and Gabriele von Wartensleben

Geometry

Geometry is a branch of mathematics concerned with properties of space such as the distance, shape, size, and relative position of figures.

See Gestalt psychology and Geometry

Gestalt theoretical psychotherapy

Gestalt Theoretical Psychotherapy (GTP) is a method of psychotherapy based strictly on Gestalt psychology.

See Gestalt psychology and Gestalt theoretical psychotherapy

Gestalt therapy

Gestalt therapy is a form of psychotherapy that emphasizes personal responsibility and focuses on the individual's experience in the present moment, the therapist–client relationship, the environmental and social contexts of a person's life, and the self-regulating adjustments people make as a result of their overall situation.

See Gestalt psychology and Gestalt therapy

Gestaltzerfall

Gestaltzerfall (German for "shape decomposition" or Gestalt decomposition) is a type of visual agnosia and is a psychological phenomenon where delays in recognition are observed when a complex shape is stared at for a while as the shape seems to decompose into its constituting parts.

See Gestalt psychology and Gestaltzerfall

Graz School

The Graz School (Grazer Schule), also Meinong's School, of experimental psychology and object theory was headed by Alexius Meinong, who was professor and Chair of Philosophy at the University of Graz where he founded the Graz Psychological Institute (Grazer Psychologische Institut) in 1894. Gestalt psychology and Graz School are psychological schools.

See Gestalt psychology and Graz School

Halo effect

The halo effect (sometimes called the halo error) is the proclivity for positive impressions of a person, company, country, brand, or product in one area to positively influence one's opinion or feelings.

See Gestalt psychology and Halo effect

Hans Wallach

Hans Wallach (November 28, 1904 – February 5, 1998) was a German-American experimental psychologist whose research focused on perception and learning.

See Gestalt psychology and Hans Wallach

Hermann Friedmann

Adolph Hermann Friedmann (11 April 1873, in Białystok – 25 May 1957, in Heidelberg) was a German philosopher and jurist, Finnish citizen from 1906.

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Hermann von Helmholtz

Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (31 August 1821 – 8 September 1894) was a German physicist and physician who made significant contributions in several scientific fields, particularly hydrodynamic stability.

See Gestalt psychology and Hermann von Helmholtz

Holism in science

Holism in science, holistic science, or methodological holism is an approach to research that emphasizes the study of complex systems. Gestalt psychology and holism in science are holism.

See Gestalt psychology and Holism in science

Human

Humans (Homo sapiens, meaning "thinking man") or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus Homo.

See Gestalt psychology and Human

Human brain

The brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system.

See Gestalt psychology and Human brain

Illusion

An illusion is a distortion of the senses, which can reveal how the mind normally organizes and interprets sensory stimulation. Gestalt psychology and illusion are perception.

See Gestalt psychology and Illusion

Illusory contours

Illusory contours or subjective contours are visual illusions that evoke the perception of an edge without a luminance or color change across that edge.

See Gestalt psychology and Illusory contours

Immanuel Kant

Immanuel Kant (born Emanuel Kant; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers.

See Gestalt psychology and Immanuel Kant

Impossible trident

An impossible trident, also known as an impossible fork, blivet, poiuyt, or devil's tuning fork,Brooks Masterton, John M. Kennedy,, Perception, 1975, vol.

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Isomorphism (Gestalt psychology)

The term isomorphism literally means sameness (iso) of form (morphism). Gestalt psychology and isomorphism (Gestalt psychology) are psychological schools.

See Gestalt psychology and Isomorphism (Gestalt psychology)

Ivan Pavlov

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (Иван Петрович Павлов,; 27 February 1936) was a Russian and Soviet experimental neurologist and physiologist known for his discovery of classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs.

See Gestalt psychology and Ivan Pavlov

James J. Gibson

James Jerome Gibson (January 27, 1904 – December 11, 1979) was an American psychologist and is considered to be one of the most important contributors to the field of visual perception.

See Gestalt psychology and James J. Gibson

James Tenney

James Tenney (August 10, 1934 – August 24, 2006) was an American composer and music theorist.

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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German polymath and writer, who is widely regarded as the greatest and most influential writer in the German language.

See Gestalt psychology and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Karl Duncker

Karl Duncker (2 February 1903, in Leipzig – 23 February 1940) was a German Gestalt psychologist.

See Gestalt psychology and Karl Duncker

Kurt Goldstein

Kurt Goldstein (November 6, 1878 – September 19, 1965) was a German neurologist and psychiatrist who created a holistic theory of the organism.

See Gestalt psychology and Kurt Goldstein

Kurt Koffka

Kurt Koffka (March 12, 1886 – November 22, 1941) was a German psychologist and professor.

See Gestalt psychology and Kurt Koffka

Laboratory

A laboratory (colloquially lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed.

See Gestalt psychology and Laboratory

Laura Perls

Laura Perls (née Lore Posner; 15 August 1905 – 13 July 1990) was a German-Jewish psychologist and psychotherapist.

See Gestalt psychology and Laura Perls

Law (principle)

A law is a universal principle that describes the fundamental nature of something, the universal properties and the relationships between things, or a description that purports to explain these principles and relationships.

See Gestalt psychology and Law (principle)

Laws of association

In psychology, the principal laws of association are contiguity, repetition, attention, pleasure-pain, and similarity.

See Gestalt psychology and Laws of association

List of psychological schools

The psychological schools are the great classical theories of psychology. Gestalt psychology and List of psychological schools are psychological schools.

See Gestalt psychology and List of psychological schools

M. C. Escher

Maurits Cornelis Escher (17 June 1898 – 27 March 1972) was a Dutch graphic artist who made woodcuts, lithographs, and mezzotints, many of which were inspired by mathematics.

See Gestalt psychology and M. C. Escher

Mammal

A mammal is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia.

See Gestalt psychology and Mammal

Map symbol

A map symbol or cartographic symbol is a graphical device used to visually represent a real-world feature on a map, working in the same fashion as other forms of symbols.

See Gestalt psychology and Map symbol

Marquee (structure)

A marquee is most commonly a structure placed over the entrance to a hotel, theatre, casino, train station, or similar building.

See Gestalt psychology and Marquee (structure)

Mary Henle

Mary Henle (July 14, 1913 in Cleveland, Ohio; † November 17, 2007 in Haverford, Pennsylvania) was an American psychologist who's known most notably for her contributions to Gestalt Psychology and for her involvement in the American Psychological Association.

See Gestalt psychology and Mary Henle

Max Planck

Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (23 April 1858 – 4 October 1947) was a German theoretical physicist whose discovery of energy quanta won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918.

See Gestalt psychology and Max Planck

Max Wertheimer

Max Wertheimer (April 15, 1880 – October 12, 1943) was a psychologist who was one of the three founders of Gestalt psychology, along with Kurt Koffka and Wolfgang Köhler.

See Gestalt psychology and Max Wertheimer

Mereology

Mereology ((root: μερε-, mere-, 'part') and the suffix -logy, 'study, discussion, science') is the philosophical study of part-whole relationships, also called parthood relationships.

See Gestalt psychology and Mereology

Motion perception

Motion perception is the process of inferring the speed and direction of elements in a scene based on visual, vestibular and proprioceptive inputs. Gestalt psychology and Motion perception are perception.

See Gestalt psychology and Motion perception

Multistability

In a dynamical system, multistability is the property of having multiple stable equilibrium points in the vector space spanned by the states in the system.

See Gestalt psychology and Multistability

Multistable perception

Multistable perception (or bistable perception) is a perceptual phenomenon in which an observer experiences an unpredictable sequence of spontaneous subjective changes. Gestalt psychology and Multistable perception are perception.

See Gestalt psychology and Multistable perception

Necker cube

The Necker cube is an optical illusion that was first published as a rhomboid in 1832 by Swiss crystallographer Louis Albert Necker.

See Gestalt psychology and Necker cube

Neurology

Neurology (from νεῦρον (neûron), "string, nerve" and the suffix -logia, "study of") is the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of conditions and disease involving the nervous system, which comprises the brain, the spinal cord and the peripheral nerves.

See Gestalt psychology and Neurology

Object detection

Object detection is a computer technology related to computer vision and image processing that deals with detecting instances of semantic objects of a certain class (such as humans, buildings, or cars) in digital images and videos.

See Gestalt psychology and Object detection

Optical illusion

In visual perception, an optical illusion (also called a visual illusion) is an illusion caused by the visual system and characterized by a visual percept that arguably appears to differ from reality.

See Gestalt psychology and Optical illusion

Pattern recognition

Pattern recognition is the task of assigning a class to an observation based on patterns extracted from data.

See Gestalt psychology and Pattern recognition

Pattern recognition (psychology)

In psychology and cognitive neuroscience, pattern recognition describes a cognitive process that matches information from a stimulus with information retrieved from memory. Gestalt psychology and pattern recognition (psychology) are cognitive psychology and perception.

See Gestalt psychology and Pattern recognition (psychology)

Pál Harkai Schiller

Pál Harkai Schiller (4 November 1908 in Budapest – 1949 in United States), also known as Paul von Schiller, was a Hungarian philosopher and psychologist.

See Gestalt psychology and Pál Harkai Schiller

Perception

Perception is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the presented information or environment.

See Gestalt psychology and Perception

Phenomenology (psychology)

Phenomenology or phenomenological psychology, a sub-discipline of psychology, is the scientific study of subjective experiences. Gestalt psychology and phenomenology (psychology) are psychological schools.

See Gestalt psychology and Phenomenology (psychology)

Phi phenomenon

The term phi phenomenon is used in a narrow sense for an apparent motion that is observed if two nearby optical stimuli are presented in alternation with a relatively high frequency.

See Gestalt psychology and Phi phenomenon

Physiology

Physiology is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system.

See Gestalt psychology and Physiology

Principles of grouping

The principles of grouping (or Gestalt laws of grouping) are a set of principles in psychology, first proposed by Gestalt psychologists to account for the observation that humans naturally perceive objects as organized patterns and objects, a principle known as Prägnanz. Gestalt psychology and principles of grouping are perception.

See Gestalt psychology and Principles of grouping

Prototype theory

Prototype theory is a theory of categorization in cognitive science, particularly in psychology and cognitive linguistics, in which there is a graded degree of belonging to a conceptual category, and some members are more central than others.

See Gestalt psychology and Prototype theory

Psychological Bulletin

The Psychological Bulletin is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes evaluative and integrative research reviews and interpretations of issues in psychology, including both qualitative (narrative) and/or quantitative (meta-analytic) aspects.

See Gestalt psychology and Psychological Bulletin

Psychologist

A psychologist is a professional who practices psychology and studies mental states, perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and social processes and behavior.

See Gestalt psychology and Psychologist

Psychophysical parallelism

In the philosophy of mind, psychophysical parallelism (or simply parallelism) is the theory that mental and bodily events are perfectly coordinated, without any causal interaction between them.

See Gestalt psychology and Psychophysical parallelism

Radio button

A radio button or option button is a graphical control element that allows the user to choose only one of a predefined set of mutually exclusive options.

See Gestalt psychology and Radio button

Reification

Reification may refer to.

See Gestalt psychology and Reification

Reification (fallacy)

Reification (also known as concretism, hypostatization, or the fallacy of misplaced concreteness) is a fallacy of ambiguity, when an abstraction (abstract belief or hypothetical construct) is treated as if it were a concrete real event or physical entity.

See Gestalt psychology and Reification (fallacy)

Retina

The retina (or retinas) is the innermost, light-sensitive layer of tissue of the eye of most vertebrates and some molluscs.

See Gestalt psychology and Retina

Robert Morris Ogden

Robert Morris Ogden (1877–1959) was an American psychologist and academic.

See Gestalt psychology and Robert Morris Ogden

Rubin vase

Rubin's vase (sometimes known as the Rubin face or the figure–ground vase) is a famous example of ambiguous or bi-stable (i.e., reversing) two-dimensional forms developed around 1915 by the Danish psychologist Edgar Rubin.

See Gestalt psychology and Rubin vase

Rudolf Arnheim

Rudolf Arnheim (July 15, 1904 – June 9, 2007) was a German-born writer, art and film theorist, and perceptual psychologist.

See Gestalt psychology and Rudolf Arnheim

Schema (psychology)

In psychology and cognitive science, a schema (schemata or schemas) describes a pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them. Gestalt psychology and schema (psychology) are cognitive psychology.

See Gestalt psychology and Schema (psychology)

Scholarpedia

Scholarpedia is an English-language wiki-based online encyclopedia with features commonly associated with open-access online academic journals, which aims to have quality content in science and medicine.

See Gestalt psychology and Scholarpedia

School of Brentano

The School of Brentano was a group of philosophers and psychologists who studied with Franz Brentano and were essentially influenced by him.

See Gestalt psychology and School of Brentano

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A self-fulfilling prophecy is a prediction that comes true at least in part as a result of a person's belief or expectation that the prediction would come true.

See Gestalt psychology and Self-fulfilling prophecy

Sense data

The theory of sense data is a view in the philosophy of perception, popularly held in the early 20th century by philosophers such as Bertrand Russell, C. D. Broad, H. H. Price, A. J. Ayer, and G. E. Moore.

See Gestalt psychology and Sense data

Smith College

Smith College is a private liberal arts women's college in Northampton, Massachusetts.

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Solomon Asch

Solomon Eliot Asch (September 14, 1907 – February 20, 1996) was a Polish-American Gestalt psychologist and pioneer in social psychology.

See Gestalt psychology and Solomon Asch

Structural information theory

Structural information theory (SIT) is a theory about human perception and in particular about visual perceptual organization, which is a neuro-cognitive process. Gestalt psychology and Structural information theory are perception.

See Gestalt psychology and Structural information theory

Structuralism (psychology)

Structuralism in psychology (also structural psychology) is a theory of consciousness developed by Edward Bradford Titchener.

See Gestalt psychology and Structuralism (psychology)

Subjective constancy

Subjective constancy or perceptual constancy is the perception of an object or quality as constant even though our sensation of the object changes. Gestalt psychology and Subjective constancy are perception.

See Gestalt psychology and Subjective constancy

System

A system is a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole.

See Gestalt psychology and System

Topological data analysis

In applied mathematics, topological data analysis (TDA) is an approach to the analysis of datasets using techniques from topology.

See Gestalt psychology and Topological data analysis

Tower of Hanoi

The Tower of Hanoi (also called The problem of Benares Temple or Tower of Brahma or Lucas' Tower and sometimes pluralized as Towers, or simply pyramid puzzle) is a mathematical game or puzzle consisting of three rods and a number of disks of various diameters, which can slide onto any rod.

See Gestalt psychology and Tower of Hanoi

Trial and error

Trial and error is a fundamental method of problem-solving characterized by repeated, varied attempts which are continued until success, or until the practicer stops trying.

See Gestalt psychology and Trial and error

User interface design

User interface (UI) design or user interface engineering is the design of user interfaces for machines and software, such as computers, home appliances, mobile devices, and other electronic devices, with the focus on maximizing usability and the user experience. Gestalt psychology and user interface design are graphic design.

See Gestalt psychology and User interface design

Vera Felicidade de Almeida Campos

Vera Felicidade de Almeida Campos (born August 18, 1942) is a Brazilian psychologist who founded Gestalt Psychotherapy, a psychotherapeutic theory based on Gestalt Psychology.

See Gestalt psychology and Vera Felicidade de Almeida Campos

Wilhelm Wundt

Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (16 August 1832 – 31 August 1920) was a German physiologist, philosopher, and professor, one of the fathers of modern psychology.

See Gestalt psychology and Wilhelm Wundt

Wolfgang Köhler

Wolfgang Köhler (21 January 1887 – 11 June 1967) was a German psychologist and phenomenologist who, like Max Wertheimer and Kurt Koffka, contributed to the creation of Gestalt psychology.

See Gestalt psychology and Wolfgang Köhler

Wolfgang Metzger

Wolfgang Metzger (born 22 July 1899 in Heidelberg, Germany; died 20 December 1979 in Bebenhausen, Germany) is considered one of the main representatives of Gestalt psychology (Gestalt theory) in Germany.

See Gestalt psychology and Wolfgang Metzger

See also

Holism

• Antireductionism
• Belgitude
• Complexity
• Confirmation holism
• Duhem–Quine thesis
• Emergence
• Emergent evolution
• Emergentism
• Function (computer programming)
• Gestalt psychology
• Global brain
• Holism
• Holism and Evolution
• Holism in science
• Holon (philosophy)
• Holon (sculpture)
• Implicate and explicate order
• Indeterminacy (philosophy)
• Integral theory
• Layered system
• Logical holism
• Modular design
• Modularity
• Noosphere
• Organicism
• Orthopathy
• Powers of Ten (film)
• Prancercise
• Process philosophy
• Relationalism
• Semantic holism
• Sphoṭa
• Structured programming
• Superorganism
• Synergetics (Fuller)
• Synergetics (Haken)
• Synergy
• Tektology
• The Evolution of Cooperation
• Theory of Colours
• Traian Brăileanu
• Transcendental humanism
• Transdisciplinarity
• Two Dogmas of Empiricism
• Wholistic reference

Psychological schools

• Behaviorism
• Berlin School of experimental psychology
• Cognitive therapy
• Cognitivism (psychology)
• Constructivism (psychological school)
• Critical psychology
• Cultural-historical psychology
• Descriptive psychology
• Discursive psychology
• Ecological psychology
• Ecological systems theory
• Empirical psychology
• Faculty psychology
• Filipino psychology
• Gestalt psychology
• Graz School
• Humanistic psychology
• Indian psychology
• Individual psychology
• Isomorphism (Gestalt psychology)
• Liberation psychology
• List of psychological schools
• Organismic theory
• Phenomenology (psychology)
• Positive psychology
• Post-cognitivist psychology
• Postcognitive psychology
• Postcognitivism
• Postmodern psychology
• Psychical school
• Psychology in the medieval Islamic world
• Romantic psychology
• Somatic school
• Sufi psychology
• Transpersonal psychology
• Vygotsky Circle

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestalt_psychology

Also known as Configurationism, Contour completion, Gestalt Theory, Gestalt completion, Gestalt effect, Gestalt perception, Gestalt phenomena, Gestalt principals, Gestalt principles, Gestalt psychologists, Gestaltism, Gestaltist, Gestaltpsychologie, Law of Closure, Law of Common Fate, Law of Proximity, Law of Similarity, Law of Symmetry, Law of pragnanz, Law of precision, Praegnanz, Prägnanz, Reification (Gestalt psychology), The law of Prägnanz.

, James Tenney, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Karl Duncker, Kurt Goldstein, Kurt Koffka, Laboratory, Laura Perls, Law (principle), Laws of association, List of psychological schools, M. C. Escher, Mammal, Map symbol, Marquee (structure), Mary Henle, Max Planck, Max Wertheimer, Mereology, Motion perception, Multistability, Multistable perception, Necker cube, Neurology, Object detection, Optical illusion, Pattern recognition, Pattern recognition (psychology), Pál Harkai Schiller, Perception, Phenomenology (psychology), Phi phenomenon, Physiology, Principles of grouping, Prototype theory, Psychological Bulletin, Psychologist, Psychophysical parallelism, Radio button, Reification, Reification (fallacy), Retina, Robert Morris Ogden, Rubin vase, Rudolf Arnheim, Schema (psychology), Scholarpedia, School of Brentano, Self-fulfilling prophecy, Sense data, Smith College, Solomon Asch, Structural information theory, Structuralism (psychology), Subjective constancy, System, Topological data analysis, Tower of Hanoi, Trial and error, User interface design, Vera Felicidade de Almeida Campos, Wilhelm Wundt, Wolfgang Köhler, Wolfgang Metzger.