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Glucose 6-phosphate, the Glossary

Glucose 6-phosphate (G6P, sometimes called the Robison ester) is a glucose sugar phosphorylated at the hydroxy group on carbon 6.^[1]

50 relations: Academic Press, Adenosine diphosphate, Adenosine triphosphate, Adrenaline, Allosteric regulation, Animal, Cell (biology), Cell membrane, Chemistry, Cofactor (biochemistry), Enzyme, Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, Fructose 6-phosphate, Glossary of biology, Glucagon, Glucokinase, Gluconeogenesis, Glucose, Glucose 1-phosphate, Glucose 6-phosphatase, Glucose 6-phosphate, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, GLUT2, Glycogen, Glycogen phosphorylase, Glycogen synthase, Glycogenolysis, Glycolysis, Hexokinase, Liver, Magnesium, Metabolic pathway, Muscle, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, Nucleotide, Pentose phosphate pathway, Phosphate, Phosphoglucomutase, Phosphoric acids and phosphates, Phosphorylation, Red blood cell, Ribulose 5-phosphate, SLC2A7, Starch, Uridine diphosphate glucose, Uridine triphosphate, W. H. Freeman and Company, 6-Phosphogluconic acid.
Glycolysis
Metabolic intermediates
Monosaccharide derivatives

Academic Press

Academic Press (AP) is an academic book publisher founded in 1941.

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Adenosine diphosphate

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), also known as adenosine pyrophosphate (APP), is an important organic compound in metabolism and is essential to the flow of energy in living cells.

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Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide that provides energy to drive and support many processes in living cells, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis. Glucose 6-phosphate and Adenosine triphosphate are phosphate esters.

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Adrenaline

Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone and medication which is involved in regulating visceral functions (e.g., respiration).

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Allosteric regulation

In the fields of biochemistry and pharmacology an allosteric regulator (or allosteric modulator) is a substance that binds to a site on an enzyme or receptor distinct from the active site, resulting in a conformational change that alters the protein's activity, either enhancing or inhibiting its function.

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Animal

Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia.

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Cell (biology)

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life.

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Cell membrane

The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment (the extracellular space).

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Chemistry

Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter.

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Cofactor (biochemistry)

A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is required for an enzyme's role as a catalyst (a catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction).

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Enzyme

Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.

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Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, known in older publications as Harden-Young ester, is fructose sugar phosphorylated on carbons 1 and 6 (i.e., is a fructosephosphate). Glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate are glycolysis, Monosaccharide derivatives and Organophosphates.

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Fructose 6-phosphate

Fructose 6-phosphate (sometimes called the Neuberg ester) is a derivative of fructose, which has been phosphorylated at the 6-hydroxy group. Glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate are glycolysis, Monosaccharide derivatives, Organophosphates and phosphate esters.

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Glossary of biology

This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.

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Glucagon

Glucagon is a peptide hormone, produced by alpha cells of the pancreas.

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Glucokinase

Glucokinase is an enzyme that facilitates phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate.

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Gluconeogenesis

Gluconeogenesis (GNG) is a metabolic pathway that results in the biosynthesis of glucose from certain non-carbohydrate carbon substrates.

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Glucose

Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula. Glucose 6-phosphate and Glucose are glycolysis.

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Glucose 1-phosphate

Glucose 1-phosphate (also called Cori ester) is a glucose molecule with a phosphate group on the 1'-carbon. Glucose 6-phosphate and glucose 1-phosphate are Monosaccharide derivatives, Organophosphates and phosphate esters.

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Glucose 6-phosphatase

The enzyme glucose 6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9, G6Pase; systematic name D-glucose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucose 6-phosphate, resulting in the creation of a phosphate group and free glucose: During fasting, adequate levels of blood glucose are assured by glucose liberated from liver glycogen stores by glycogenolysis as well as glucose generated by gluconeogenesis in the liver as well as - to a lesser extent - the kindeys.

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Glucose 6-phosphate

Glucose 6-phosphate (G6P, sometimes called the Robison ester) is a glucose sugar phosphorylated at the hydroxy group on carbon 6. Glucose 6-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate are glycolysis, metabolic intermediates, Monosaccharide derivatives, Organophosphates and phosphate esters.

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Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD or G6PDH) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction This enzyme participates in the pentose phosphate pathway (see image), a metabolic pathway that supplies reducing energy to cells (such as erythrocytes) by maintaining the level of the reduced form of the co-enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH).

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Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDD), also known as favism, is the most common enzyme deficiency anemia worldwide.

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Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase

Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), alternatively known as phosphoglucose isomerase/phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI) or phosphohexose isomerase (PHI), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GPI gene on chromosome 19. Glucose 6-phosphate and Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase are glycolysis.

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GLUT2

Glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) also known as solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2 (SLC2A2) is a transmembrane carrier protein that enables protein facilitated glucose movement across cell membranes.

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Glycogen

Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals, fungi, and bacteria.

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Glycogen phosphorylase

Glycogen phosphorylase is one of the phosphorylase enzymes.

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Glycogen synthase

Glycogen synthase (UDP-glucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase) is a key enzyme in glycogenesis, the conversion of glucose into glycogen.

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Glycogenolysis

Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen (n) to glucose-1-phosphate and glycogen (n-1).

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Glycolysis

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate and, in most organisms, occurs in the liquid part of cells (the cytosol).

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Hexokinase

A hexokinase is an enzyme that irreversibly phosphorylates hexoses (six-carbon sugars), forming hexose phosphate. Glucose 6-phosphate and hexokinase are glycolysis.

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Liver

The liver is a major metabolic organ exclusively found in vertebrate animals, which performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the synthesis of proteins and various other biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth.

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Magnesium

Magnesium is a chemical element; it has symbol Mg and atomic number 12.

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In biochemistry, a metabolic pathway is a linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell.

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Muscle

Muscle is a soft tissue, one of the four basic types of animal tissue.

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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, abbreviated NADP or, in older notation, TPN (triphosphopyridine nucleotide), is a cofactor used in anabolic reactions, such as the Calvin cycle and lipid and nucleic acid syntheses, which require NADPH as a reducing agent ('hydrogen source').

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Nucleotide

Nucleotides are organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate.

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Pentose phosphate pathway

The pentose phosphate pathway (also called the phosphogluconate pathway and the hexose monophosphate shunt or HMP shunt) is a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis.

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Phosphate

In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid.

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Phosphoglucomutase

Phosphoglucomutase is an enzyme that transfers a phosphate group on an α-D-glucose monomer from the 1 to the 6 position in the forward direction or the 6 to the 1 position in the reverse direction.

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Phosphoric acids and phosphates

In chemistry, a phosphoric acid, in the general sense, is a phosphorus oxoacid in which each phosphorus (P) atom is in the oxidation state +5, and is bonded to four oxygen (O) atoms, one of them through a double bond, arranged as the corners of a tetrahedron.

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Phosphorylation

In biochemistry, phosphorylation is the attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or an ion.

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Red blood cell

Red blood cells (RBCs), referred to as erythrocytes (with -cyte translated as 'cell' in modern usage) in academia and medical publishing, also known as red cells, erythroid cells, and rarely haematids, are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen to the body tissues—via blood flow through the circulatory system.

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Ribulose 5-phosphate

Ribulose 5-phosphate is one of the end-products of the pentose phosphate pathway. Glucose 6-phosphate and Ribulose 5-phosphate are Monosaccharide derivatives and Organophosphates.

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SLC2A7

Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 7 also known as glucose transporter 7 (GLUT7) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC2A7 gene.

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Starch

Starch or amylum is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting of numerous glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds.

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Uridine diphosphate glucose

Uridine diphosphate glucose (uracil-diphosphate glucose, UDP-glucose) is a nucleotide sugar.

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Uridine triphosphate

Uridine-5′-triphosphate (UTP) is a pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate, consisting of the organic base uracil linked to the 1′ carbon of the ribose sugar, and esterified with tri-phosphoric acid at the 5′ position. Glucose 6-phosphate and Uridine triphosphate are phosphate esters.

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W. H. Freeman and Company

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6-Phosphogluconic acid

6-Phosphogluconic acid (with conjugate base 6-phosphogluconate) is a phosphorylated sugar acid which appears in the pentose phosphate pathway and the Entner–Doudoroff pathway. Glucose 6-phosphate and 6-Phosphogluconic acid are Organophosphates.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose_6-phosphate

Also known as D-glucose-6-phosphate, G6P, Glucose-6-Phosphate, Robison ester.

Glucose 6-phosphate, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Glycolysis

Metabolic intermediates

Monosaccharide derivatives

References