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Hairy leukoplakia, the Glossary

Hairy leukoplakia is a white patch on the side of the tongue with a corrugated or hairy appearance.^[1]

47 relations: Aciclovir, Anatomical terms of location, B cell, Biopsy, Black hairy tongue, Candida (fungus), CD4, Chromatin, Deborah Greenspan, Dysplasia, Electron microscope, Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS, Epithelium, Epstein–Barr virus, Esophagus, False positives and false negatives, Graft-versus-host disease, Histopathology, HIV, HIV/AIDS, Hyperkeratosis, Hyperplasia, Immune system, Immunodeficiency, Immunohistochemistry, In situ hybridization, Infectious mononucleosis, John S. Greenspan, Keratin, Lesion, Leukoplakia, Lytic cycle, Management of HIV/AIDS, Opportunistic infection, Oral candidiasis, Oral mucosa, Pharynx, Podophyllum, Polymerase chain reaction, Precancerous condition, Retinoid, Soft palate, Southern blot, Stratum spinosum, Topical medication, Virus, Zidovudine.
Epstein–Barr virus–associated diseases
Oral mucosal pathology
Tongue disorders

Aciclovir

Aciclovir, also known as acyclovir, is an antiviral medication.

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Anatomical terms of location

Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans.

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B cell

B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell of the lymphocyte subtype.

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Biopsy

A biopsy is a medical test commonly performed by a surgeon, an interventional radiologist, or an interventional cardiologist.

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Black hairy tongue syndrome (BHT) is a condition of the tongue in which the small bumps on the tongue elongate with black or brown discoloration, giving a black and hairy appearance. Hairy leukoplakia and black hairy tongue are Conditions of the mucous membranes and Tongue disorders.

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Candida (fungus)

Candida is a genus of yeasts.

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CD4

In molecular biology, CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) is a glycoprotein that serves as a co-receptor for the T-cell receptor (TCR).

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Chromatin

Chromatin is a complex of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic cells.

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Deborah Greenspan

Deborah Greenspan is a British-American scholar in dentistry, having been Professor and the Leland and Gladys Barber Distinguished Professor at UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco.

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Dysplasia

Dysplasia is any of various types of abnormal growth or development of cells (microscopic scale) or organs (macroscopic scale), and the abnormal histology or anatomical structure(s) resulting from such growth.

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Electron microscope

An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of electrons as a source of illumination.

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Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS

The global pandemic of HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) began in 1981, and is an ongoing worldwide public health issue. Hairy leukoplakia and Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS are HIV/AIDS.

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Epithelium

Epithelium or epithelial tissue is a thin, continuous, protective layer of compactly packed cells with little extracellular matrix.

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Epstein–Barr virus

The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), formally called Human gammaherpesvirus 4, is one of the nine known human herpesvirus types in the herpes family, and is one of the most common viruses in humans.

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Esophagus

The esophagus (American English) or oesophagus (British English, see spelling differences; both;: (o)esophagi or (o)esophaguses), colloquially known also as the food pipe, food tube, or gullet, is an organ in vertebrates through which food passes, aided by peristaltic contractions, from the pharynx to the stomach.

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False positives and false negatives

A false positive is an error in binary classification in which a test result incorrectly indicates the presence of a condition (such as a disease when the disease is not present), while a false negative is the opposite error, where the test result incorrectly indicates the absence of a condition when it is actually present.

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Graft-versus-host disease

Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a syndrome, characterized by inflammation in different organs.

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Histopathology

Histopathology (compound of three Greek words: ἱστός histos 'tissue', πάθος pathos 'suffering', and -λογία -logia 'study of') is the microscopic examination of tissue in order to study the manifestations of disease.

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HIV

The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are two species of Lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that infect humans. Hairy leukoplakia and HIV are HIV/AIDS.

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HIV/AIDS

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system.

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Hyperkeratosis

Hyperkeratosis is thickening of the stratum corneum (the outermost layer of the epidermis, or skin), often associated with the presence of an abnormal quantity of keratin,Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelso; Abbas, Abul (2004) Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (7th ed.). Saunders.

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Hyperplasia

Hyperplasia (from ancient Greek ὑπέρ huper 'over' + πλάσις plasis 'formation'), or hypergenesis, is an enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the amount of organic tissue that results from cell proliferation.

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Immune system

The immune system is a network of biological systems that protects an organism from diseases.

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Immunodeficiency

Immunodeficiency, also known as immunocompromisation, is a state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious diseases and cancer is compromised or entirely absent.

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Immunohistochemistry

Immunohistochemistry is a form of immunostaining.

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In situ hybridization

In situ hybridization (ISH) is a type of hybridization that uses a labeled complementary DNA, RNA or modified nucleic acid strand (i.e., a probe) to localize a specific DNA or RNA sequence in a portion or section of tissue (in situ) or if the tissue is small enough (e.g., plant seeds, Drosophila embryos), in the entire tissue (whole mount ISH), in cells, and in circulating tumor cells (CTCs).

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Infectious mononucleosis

Infectious mononucleosis (IM, mono), also known as glandular fever, is an infection usually caused by the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Hairy leukoplakia and Infectious mononucleosis are Epstein–Barr virus–associated diseases.

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John S. Greenspan

John S. Greenspan (January 7, 1938 – March 31, 2023) was an academic dentist/scientist and university administrator.

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Keratin

Keratin is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as scleroproteins.

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Lesion

A lesion is any damage or abnormal change in the tissue of an organism, usually caused by injury or diseases.

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Leukoplakia

Oral leukoplakia is a potentially malignant disorder affecting the oral mucosa. Hairy leukoplakia and leukoplakia are Conditions of the mucous membranes and Oral mucosal pathology.

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Lytic cycle

The lytic cycle is one of the two cycles of viral reproduction (referring to bacterial viruses or bacteriophages), the other being the lysogenic cycle.

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Management of HIV/AIDS

The management of HIV/AIDS normally includes the use of multiple antiretroviral drugs as a strategy to control HIV infection.

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Opportunistic infection

An opportunistic infection is an infection caused by pathogens (bacteria, fungi, parasites or viruses) that take advantage of an opportunity not normally available.

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Oral candidiasis

Oral candidiasis (Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis),which is also known as oral thrush, among other names, is candidiasis that occurs in the mouth. Hairy leukoplakia and oral candidiasis are Oral mucosal pathology.

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Oral mucosa

The oral mucosa is the mucous membrane lining the inside of the mouth.

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Pharynx

The pharynx (pharynges) is the part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity, and above the esophagus and trachea (the tubes going down to the stomach and the lungs respectively).

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Podophyllum

Podophyllum is a genus of flowering plant in the family Berberidaceae, native from Afghanistan to China, and from southeast Canada to the central and eastern United States.

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Polymerase chain reaction

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method widely used to make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA sample rapidly, allowing scientists to amplify a very small sample of DNA (or a part of it) sufficiently to enable detailed study.

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Precancerous condition

A precancerous condition is a condition, tumor or lesion involving abnormal cells which are associated with an increased risk of developing into cancer.

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Retinoid

The retinoids are a class of chemical compounds that are vitamers of vitamin A or are chemically related to it.

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Soft palate

The soft palate (also known as the velum, palatal velum, or muscular palate) is, in mammals, the soft tissue constituting the back of the roof of the mouth.

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Southern blot

Southern blot is a method used for detection and quantification of a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples.

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Stratum spinosum

The stratum spinosum (or spinous layer/prickle cell layer) is a layer of the epidermis found between the stratum granulosum and stratum basale.

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Topical medication

A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body.

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Virus

A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.

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Zidovudine

Zidovudine (ZDV), also known as azidothymidine (AZT), was the first antiretroviral medication used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hairy_leukoplakia

Also known as Hairy cell leukoplakia, Leukoplakia, hairy, Oral hairy leucoplakia, Oral hairy leukoplakia.

Hairy leukoplakia, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Epstein–Barr virus–associated diseases

Oral mucosal pathology

Tongue disorders

References