Hammerstone, the Glossary
In archaeology, a hammerstone is a hard cobble used to strike off lithic flakes from a lump of tool stone during the process of lithic reduction.[1]
Table of Contents
116 relations: Acheulean, Africa, Antler, Archaeology, Architecture, Armeau, Arrow, Ashlar, Aztecs, Belgium, Blade (archaeology), Bovinae, Brass, Bronze Age, Bulgaria, Buxus, Cantalejo, Cassiterite, Chaîne opératoire, Chalcedony, Chalcolithic, Charcoal, Chert, Chopper (archaeology), Clovis culture, Conchoid (mathematics), Conchoidal fracture, Copper, Culture, Debitage, Deer, Deformation (physics), Dordogne, Elasticity (physics), Epipalaeolithic, Ethiopia, Eurasia, Europe, Fatigue (material), Firearm, Flint, François Bordes, Gemstone, Gravettian, Gujarat, Gunpowder, Hammer, Hand axe, Hardwood, Hazelnut, ... Expand index (66 more) »
Acheulean
Acheulean (also Acheulian and Mode II), from the French after the type site of Saint-Acheul, is an archaeological industry of stone tool manufacture characterized by the distinctive oval and pear-shaped "hand axes" associated with Homo erectus and derived species such as Homo heidelbergensis.
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia.
Antler
Antlers are extensions of an animal's skull found in members of the Cervidae (deer) family.
Archaeology
Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.
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Architecture
Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction.
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Armeau
Armeau is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.
Arrow
An arrow is a fin-stabilized projectile launched by a bow. Hammerstone and arrow are archaeological artefact types and lithics.
Ashlar
Ashlar is a cut and dressed stone, worked using a chisel to achieve a specific form, typically rectangular in shape.
Aztecs
The Aztecs were a Mesoamerican civilization that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521.
Belgium
Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe.
Blade (archaeology)
In archaeology, a blade is a type of stone tool created by striking a long narrow flake from a stone core. Hammerstone and blade (archaeology) are archaeological artefact types and lithics.
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Bovinae
Bovines (subfamily Bovinae) comprise a diverse group of 10 genera of medium to large-sized ungulates, including cattle, bison, African buffalo, water buffalos, and the four-horned and spiral-horned antelopes.
Brass
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, in proportions which can be varied to achieve different colours and mechanical, electrical, acoustic and chemical properties, but copper typically has the larger proportion, generally 66% copper and 34% zinc.
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age was a historical period lasting from approximately 3300 to 1200 BC.
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Bulgaria
Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located west of the Black Sea and south of the Danube river, Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north. It covers a territory of and is the 16th largest country in Europe.
Buxus
Buxus is a genus of about seventy species in the family Buxaceae.
Cantalejo
Cantalejo (Gacería: Vilorio Sierte) is a municipality located in the province of Segovia, Castile and León, Spain.
Cassiterite
Cassiterite is a tin oxide mineral, SnO2.
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Chaîne opératoire
Chaîne opératoire is a term used throughout anthropological discourse, but is most commonly used in archaeology and sociocultural anthropology.
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Chalcedony
Chalcedony is a cryptocrystalline form of silica, composed of very fine intergrowths of quartz and moganite. Hammerstone and Chalcedony are lithics.
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Chalcolithic
The Chalcolithic (also called the Copper Age and Eneolithic) was an archaeological period characterized by the increasing use of smelted copper.
See Hammerstone and Chalcolithic
Charcoal
Charcoal is a lightweight black carbon residue produced by strongly heating wood (or other animal and plant materials) in minimal oxygen to remove all water and volatile constituents.
Chert
Chert is a hard, fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline quartz, the mineral form of silicon dioxide (SiO2). Hammerstone and Chert are lithics.
Chopper (archaeology)
Archaeologists define a chopper as a pebble tool with an irregular cutting edge formed through the removal of flakes from one side of a stone. Hammerstone and chopper (archaeology) are archaeological artefact types and lithics.
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Clovis culture
The Clovis culture is an archaeological culture from the Paleoindian period of North America, spanning around 13,050 to 12,750 years Before Present.
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Conchoid (mathematics)
In geometry, a conchoid is a curve derived from a fixed point, another curve, and a length.
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Conchoidal fracture
A conchoidal fracture is a break or fracture of a brittle material that does not follow any natural planes of separation. Hammerstone and conchoidal fracture are lithics.
See Hammerstone and Conchoidal fracture
Copper
Copper is a chemical element; it has symbol Cu and atomic number 29.
Culture
Culture is a concept that encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups.
Debitage
In archaeology, debitage is all the material produced during the process of lithic reduction – the production of stone tools and weapons by knapping stone. Hammerstone and debitage are lithics.
Deer
A deer (deer) or true deer is a hoofed ruminant ungulate of the family Cervidae (informally the deer family).
Deformation (physics)
In physics and continuum mechanics, deformation is the change in the shape or size of an object.
See Hammerstone and Deformation (physics)
Dordogne
Dordogne (or;; Dordonha) is a large rural department in south west France, with its prefecture in Périgueux.
Elasticity (physics)
In physics and materials science, elasticity is the ability of a body to resist a distorting influence and to return to its original size and shape when that influence or force is removed.
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Epipalaeolithic
In archaeology, the Epipalaeolithic or Epipaleolithic (sometimes Epi-paleolithic etc.) is a period occurring between the Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic during the Stone Age.
See Hammerstone and Epipalaeolithic
Ethiopia
Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa.
Eurasia
Eurasia is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia.
Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
Fatigue (material)
In materials science, fatigue is the initiation and propagation of cracks in a material due to cyclic loading.
See Hammerstone and Fatigue (material)
Firearm
A firearm is any type of gun that uses an explosive charge and is designed to be readily carried and used by an individual.
Flint
Flint, occasionally flintstone, is a sedimentary cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz, categorized as the variety of chert that occurs in chalk or marly limestone. Hammerstone and flint are lithics.
François Bordes
François Bordes (December 30, 1919 – April 30, 1981), also known by the pen name of Francis Carsac, was a French scientist, geologist, archaeologist, and science fiction writer.
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Gemstone
A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, semiprecious stone, or simply gem) is a piece of mineral crystal which, when cut or polished, is used to make jewelry or other adornments.
Gravettian
The Gravettian was an archaeological industry of the European Upper Paleolithic that succeeded the Aurignacian circa 33,000 years BP.
See Hammerstone and Gravettian
Gujarat
Gujarat is a state along the western coast of India.
Gunpowder
Gunpowder, also commonly known as black powder to distinguish it from modern smokeless powder, is the earliest known chemical explosive.
Hammer
A hammer is a tool, most often a hand tool, consisting of a weighted "head" fixed to a long handle that is swung to deliver an impact to a small area of an object.
Hand axe
A hand axe (or handaxe or Acheulean hand axe) is a prehistoric stone tool with two faces that is the longest-used tool in human history. Hammerstone and hand axe are archaeological artefact types and lithics.
Hardwood
Hardwood is wood from angiosperm trees.
Hazelnut
The hazelnut is the fruit of the hazel tree and therefore includes any of the nuts deriving from species of the genus Corylus, especially the nuts of the species Corylus avellana.
Hematite
Hematite, also spelled as haematite, is a common iron oxide compound with the formula, Fe2O3 and is widely found in rocks and soils.
Holly
Ilex or holly is a genus of over 570 species of flowering plants in the family Aquifoliaceae, and the only living genus in that family.
Horn (anatomy)
A horn is a permanent pointed projection on the head of various animals that consists of a covering of keratin and other proteins surrounding a core of live bone.
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Hornfels
Hornfels is the group name for a set of contact metamorphic rocks that have been baked and hardened by the heat of intrusive igneous masses and have been rendered massive, hard, splintery, and in some cases exceedingly tough and durable.
Impact (mechanics)
In mechanics, an impact is when two bodies collide.
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India
India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia.
Iron Age
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages, after the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age.
Iron ore
Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted.
Ivory
Ivory is a hard, white material from the tusks (traditionally from elephants) and teeth of animals, that consists mainly of dentine, one of the physical structures of teeth and tusks.
Jade
Jade is an umbrella term for two different types of decorative rocks used for jewelry or ornaments.
Jadeite
Jadeite is a pyroxene mineral with composition NaAlSi2O6.
Keratin
Keratin is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as scleroproteins.
Khambhat
Khambhat, also known as Cambay, is a city and the surrounding urban agglomeration in Anand district in the Indian state of Gujarat.
Knapping
Knapping is the shaping of flint, chert, obsidian, or other conchoidal fracturing stone through the process of lithic reduction to manufacture stone tools, strikers for flintlock firearms, or to produce flat-faced stones for building or facing walls, and flushwork decoration. Hammerstone and Knapping are lithics.
Lake District
The Lake District, also known as the Lakes or Lakeland, is a mountainous region and national park in Cumbria, North West England.
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Langdale axe industry
The Langdale axe industry (or factory) is the name given by archaeologists to a Neolithic centre of specialised stone tool production in the Great Langdale area of the English Lake District. Hammerstone and Langdale axe industry are lithics.
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Levallois technique
The Levallois technique is a name given by archaeologists to a distinctive type of stone knapping developed around 250,000 to 300,000 years ago during the Middle Palaeolithic period. Hammerstone and Levallois technique are lithics.
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Limestone
Limestone (calcium carbonate) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime.
Lithic flake
In archaeology, a lithic flake is a "portion of rock removed from an objective piece by percussion or pressure,"Andrefsky, W. (2005) Lithics: Macroscopic Approaches to Analysis. Hammerstone and lithic flake are archaeological artefact types and lithics.
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Lithic reduction
In archaeology, in particular of the Stone Age, lithic reduction is the process of fashioning stones or rocks from their natural state into tools or weapons by removing some parts. Hammerstone and lithic reduction are archaeological artefact types and lithics.
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Lithic technology
In archaeology, lithic technology includes a broad array of techniques used to produce usable tools from various types of stone. Hammerstone and lithic technology are lithics.
See Hammerstone and Lithic technology
Lower Paleolithic
The Lower Paleolithic (or Lower Palaeolithic) is the earliest subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age.
See Hammerstone and Lower Paleolithic
Malachite
Malachite is a copper carbonate hydroxide mineral, with the formula Cu2CO3(OH)2.
Mexico
Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America.
Mousterian
The Mousterian (or Mode III) is an archaeological industry of stone tools, associated primarily with the Neanderthals in Europe, and to the earliest anatomically modern humans in North Africa and West Asia.
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Mucientes
Mucientes is a municipality located in the province of Valladolid, Castile and León, Spain.
Neolithic
The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Greek νέος 'new' and λίθος 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Europe, Asia and Africa.
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern and Western Hemispheres.
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Oak
An oak is a hardwood tree or shrub in the genus Quercus of the beech family.
Obsidian
Obsidian is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed when lava extruded from a volcano cools rapidly with minimal crystal growth. Hammerstone and Obsidian are lithics.
Olduvai Gorge
The Olduvai Gorge or Oldupai Gorge in Tanzania is one of the most important paleoanthropological localities in the world; the many sites exposed by the gorge have proven invaluable in furthering understanding of early human evolution.
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Ore
Ore is natural rock or sediment that contains one or more valuable minerals concentrated above background levels, typically containing metals, that can be mined, treated and sold at a profit.
Oval
An oval is a closed curve in a plane which resembles the outline of an egg.
Petrology
Petrology is the branch of geology that studies rocks, their mineralogy, composition, texture, structure and the conditions under which they form.
Pigment
A pigment is a powder used to add color or change visual appearance.
Polivanov
Polivanov is a Russian surname.
Potential energy
In physics, potential energy is the energy held by an object because of its position relative to other objects, stresses within itself, its electric charge, or other factors.
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Prehistoric Egypt
Prehistoric Egypt and Predynastic Egypt was the period of time starting at the first human settlement and ending at the First Dynasty of Egypt around 3100 BC.
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Prehistory
Prehistory, also called pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the first known use of stone tools by hominins million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems.
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Quartzite
Quartzite is a hard, non-foliated metamorphic rock which was originally pure quartz sandstone.
Reducing agent
In chemistry, a reducing agent (also known as a reductant, reducer, or electron donor) is a chemical species that "donates" an electron to an (called the,,, or). Examples of substances that are common reducing agents include hydrogen, the alkali metals, formic acid, oxalic acid, and sulfite compounds.
See Hammerstone and Reducing agent
Retouch (lithics)
Retouch is the act of producing scars on a stone flake after the ventral surface has been created. Hammerstone and Retouch (lithics) are lithics.
See Hammerstone and Retouch (lithics)
Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia.
Sandstone
Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate grains, cemented together by another mineral.
Sculpture
Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions.
Segovia
Segovia is a city in the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain.
Sharpening stone
Sharpening stones, or whetstones, are used to sharpen the edges of steel tools such as knives through grinding and honing.
See Hammerstone and Sharpening stone
Solutrean
The Solutrean industry is a relatively advanced flint tool-making style of the Upper Paleolithic of the Final Gravettian, from around 22,000 to 17,000 BP.
Spiennes
Spiennes (Spiene) is a sub-municipality of the city of Mons located in the province of Hainaut, Wallonia, Belgium.
Stone Age
The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make stone tools with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface.
Stone carving
Stone carving is an activity where pieces of rough natural stone are shaped by the controlled removal of stone.
See Hammerstone and Stone carving
Stone tools have been used throughout human history but are most closely associated with prehistoric cultures and in particular those of the Stone Age. Hammerstone and Stone tool are archaeological artefact types and lithics.
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Stonemasonry
Stonemasonry or stonecraft is the creation of buildings, structures, and sculpture using stone as the primary material.
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Suffolk
Suffolk is a ceremonial county in the East of England and East Anglia.
Threshing
Threshing or thrashing is the process of loosening the edible part of grain (or other crop) from the straw to which it is attached.
Tin
Tin is a chemical element; it has symbol Sn and atomic number 50.
In archaeology, a tool stone is a type of stone that is used to manufacture stone tools, or tools that use stone as raw material. Hammerstone and tool stone are archaeological artefact types and lithics.
See Hammerstone and Tool stone
University of Salamanca
The University of Salamanca (Universidad de Salamanca) is a Spanish public research university, located in Salamanca, in the autonomous community of Castile and León.
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Upper Paleolithic
The Upper Paleolithic (or Upper Palaeolithic) is the third and last subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age.
See Hammerstone and Upper Paleolithic
Varna, Bulgaria
Varna (Варна) is the third-largest city in Bulgaria and the largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast and in the Northern Bulgaria region.
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Villevallier
Villevallier is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France.
See Hammerstone and Villevallier
Walking stick
A walking stick (also known as a walking cane, cane, walking staff, or staff) is a device used primarily to aid walking, provide postural stability or support, or assist in maintaining a good posture.
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Water buffalo
The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), also called the domestic water buffalo or Asian water buffalo, is a large bovid originating in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.
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Yield (engineering)
In materials science and engineering, the yield point is the point on a stress-strain curve that indicates the limit of elastic behavior and the beginning of plastic behavior.
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Yonne
Yonne is a département in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in France.
4th millennium BC
The 4th millennium BC spanned the years 4000 BC to 3001 BC.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammerstone
, Hematite, Holly, Horn (anatomy), Hornfels, Impact (mechanics), India, Iron Age, Iron ore, Ivory, Jade, Jadeite, Keratin, Khambhat, Knapping, Lake District, Langdale axe industry, Levallois technique, Limestone, Lithic flake, Lithic reduction, Lithic technology, Lower Paleolithic, Malachite, Mexico, Mousterian, Mucientes, Neolithic, North America, Oak, Obsidian, Olduvai Gorge, Ore, Oval, Petrology, Pigment, Polivanov, Potential energy, Prehistoric Egypt, Prehistory, Quartzite, Reducing agent, Retouch (lithics), Russia, Sandstone, Sculpture, Segovia, Sharpening stone, Solutrean, Spiennes, Stone Age, Stone carving, Stone tool, Stonemasonry, Suffolk, Threshing, Tin, Tool stone, University of Salamanca, Upper Paleolithic, Varna, Bulgaria, Villevallier, Walking stick, Water buffalo, Yield (engineering), Yonne, 4th millennium BC.