en.unionpedia.org

Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Glossary

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World listed by Hellenic culture.^[1]

Akkadian language

Akkadian (translit)John Huehnergard & Christopher Woods, "Akkadian and Eblaite", The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Akkadian language

Alexander the Great

Alexander III of Macedon (Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Alexander the Great

Almond

The almond (Prunus amygdalus, syn. Prunus dulcis) is a species of tree from the genus Prunus.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Almond

Amytis of Media (c. 630-565 BCE; Median:; Ancient Greek: Amutis; Amytis) was a queen of Babylon, wife of Nebuchadnezzar II and daughter of the Median king Cyaxares.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Amytis of Media

Ancient Greece (Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity, that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Ancient Greece

Archimedes' screw

The Archimedes' screw, also known as the Archimedean screw, hydrodynamic screw, water screw or Egyptian screw, is one of the earliest hydraulic machines named after Greek mathematician Archimedes who first described it around 234 BC, although the device had been used in Ancient Egypt. Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Archimedes' screw are Sennacherib.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Archimedes' screw

Ashurbanipal

Ashurbanipal (𒀸𒋩𒆕𒀀|translit.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Ashurbanipal

Ashurnasirpal II

Ashur-nasir-pal II (transliteration: Aššur-nāṣir-apli, meaning "Ashur is guardian of the heir") was the third king of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 883 to 859 BCE.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Ashurnasirpal II

Assyria

Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: x16px, māt Aššur) was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization which existed as a city-state from the 21st century BC to the 14th century BC, which eventually expanded into an empire from the 14th century BC to the 7th century BC.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Assyria

Austen Henry Layard

Sir Austen Henry Layard (5 March 18175 July 1894) was an English Assyriologist, traveller, cuneiformist, art historian, draughtsman, collector, politician and diplomat. Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Austen Henry Layard are Nineveh.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Austen Henry Layard

Babylon

Babylon was an ancient city located on the lower Euphrates river in southern Mesopotamia, within modern-day Hillah, Iraq, about 85 kilometers (55 miles) south of modern day Baghdad.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Babylon

Babylon Governorate

Babylon Governorate or Babil Province (محافظة بابل Muḥāfaẓa Bābil) is a governorate in central Iraq.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Babylon Governorate

Battle of Gaugamela

The Battle of Gaugamela (the Camel's House), also called the Battle of Arbela (label), took place in 331 BC between the forces of the Army of Macedon under Alexander the Great and the Persian Army under King Darius III.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Battle of Gaugamela

Berossus

Berossus or Berosus (translit; possibly derived from 𒁹𒀭𒂗𒉺𒇻𒋙𒉡|translit.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Berossus

British Institute for the Study of Iraq

The British Institute for the Study of Iraq (BISI) (formerly the British School of Archaeology in Iraq) is the only body in Britain devoted to research into the ancient civilizations and languages of Mesopotamia.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and British Institute for the Study of Iraq

British Museum

The British Museum is a public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture located in the Bloomsbury area of London.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and British Museum

Cedrus

Cedrus, with the common English name cedar, is a genus of coniferous trees in the plant family Pinaceae (subfamily Abietoideae).

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Cedrus

Citadel

A citadel is the most fortified area of a town or city.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Citadel

Cleitarchus

Cleitarchus or Clitarchus (Κλείταρχος) was one of the historians of Alexander the Great.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Cleitarchus

Corbel arch

A corbel arch (or corbeled / corbelled arch) is an arch-like construction method that uses the architectural technique of corbeling to span a space or void in a structure, such as an entranceway in a wall or as the span of a bridge.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Corbel arch

Ctesias

Ctesias (Κτησίᾱς; fl. fifth century BC), also known as Ctesias of Cnidus, was a Greek physician and historian from the town of Cnidus in Caria, then part of the Achaemenid Empire.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Ctesias

Cubit

The cubit is an ancient unit of length based on the distance from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Cubit

Cypress

Cypress is a common name for various coniferous trees or shrubs from the Cupressus genus of the Cupressaceae family, typically found in warm-temperate and subtropical regions of Asia, Europe, and North America.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Cypress

Date palm

Phoenix dactylifera, commonly known as the date palm, is a flowering-plant species in the palm family, Arecaceae, cultivated for its edible sweet fruit called dates.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Date palm

David Oates (archaeologist)

Edward Ernest David Michael Oates, (25 February 1927 – 22 March 2004), known as David Oates, was a British archaeologist and academic specializing in the Ancient Near East.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and David Oates (archaeologist)

Diodorus Siculus

Diodorus Siculus or Diodorus of Sicily (Diódōros; 1st century BC) was an ancient Greek historian.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Diodorus Siculus

Ebony

Ebony is a dense black/brown hardwood, coming from several species in the genus Diospyros, which also includes the persimmon tree.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Ebony

Euphrates

The Euphrates (see below) is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Euphrates

Fig

The fig is the edible fruit of Ficus carica, a species of small tree in the flowering plant family Moraceae, native to the Mediterranean region, together with western and southern Asia.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Fig

Fir

Firs are evergreen coniferous trees belonging to the genus Abies in the family Pinaceae.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Fir

Folkewall

The Folkewall is a construction with the dual functions of growing plants and purifying greywater.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Folkewall

Fraxinus

Fraxinus, commonly called ash, is a genus of plants in the olive and lilac family, Oleaceae, and comprises 45–65 species of usually medium-to-large trees, most of which are deciduous trees, although some subtropical species are evergreen trees.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Fraxinus

Garden

A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the cultivation, display, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Garden

Green roof

A green roof or living roof is a roof of a building that is partially or completely covered with vegetation and a growing medium, planted over a waterproofing membrane.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Green roof

Green wall

A green wall is a vertical built structure intentionally covered by vegetation.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Green wall

Herodotus

Herodotus (Ἡρόδοτος||; BC) was a Greek historian and geographer from the Greek city of Halicarnassus, part of the Persian Empire (now Bodrum, Turkey) and a later citizen of Thurii in modern Calabria, Italy.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Herodotus

Hillah

Hillah (ٱلْحِلَّة al-Ḥillah), also spelled Hilla, is a city in central Iraq on the Hilla branch of the Euphrates River, south of Baghdad.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Hillah

Historical hydroculture

This is a history of notable hydroculture phenomena.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Historical hydroculture

Histories (Herodotus)

The Histories (Ἱστορίαι, Historíai; also known as The History) of Herodotus is considered the founding work of history in Western literature.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Histories (Herodotus)

History of gardening

The early history of gardening is largely entangled with the history of agriculture, with gardens that were mainly ornamental generally the preserve of the elite until quite recent times. Hanging Gardens of Babylon and history of gardening are garden design history.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and History of gardening

Introduced species

An introduced species, alien species, exotic species, adventive species, immigrant species, foreign species, non-indigenous species, or non-native species is a species living outside its native distributional range, but which has arrived there by human activity, directly or indirectly, and either deliberately or accidentally.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Introduced species

Iraq

Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia and a core country in the geopolitical region known as the Middle East.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Iraq

Irrigation

Irrigation (also referred to as watering of plants) is the practice of applying controlled amounts of water to land to help grow crops, landscape plants, and lawns.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Irrigation

Jerwan

Jerwan is a locality north of Mosul in the Nineveh Province of Iraq. Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Jerwan are Sennacherib.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Jerwan

Joan Oates

Joan Louise Oates, FBA (Lines; 6 May 1928 – 3 February 2023) was an American-British archaeologist and academic, specialising in the Ancient Near East.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Joan Oates

Josephus

Flavius Josephus (Ἰώσηπος,; AD 37 – 100) was a Roman–Jewish historian and military leader.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Josephus

Juniper

Junipers are coniferous trees and shrubs in the genus Juniperus of the cypress family Cupressaceae.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Juniper

Khinnis Reliefs

Khinnis is an Assyrian archaeological site, also known as Bavian, its neighbouring village) in Duhok Governorate in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. It is notable for its rock reliefs, built by king Sennacherib around 690 BC. During the reign of Sennacherib (705–681 BC), Khinnis was built in order to "celebrate the construction of a complex system of canals whose aim was to supply the capital of the empire, Nineveh, and its hinterland with water", according to the World Monuments Fund.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Khinnis Reliefs

Limestone

Limestone (calcium carbonate) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Limestone

Lost-wax casting

Lost-wax castingalso called investment casting, precision casting, or cire perdue (borrowed from French)is the process by which a duplicate sculpture (often a metal, such as silver, gold, brass, or bronze) is cast from an original sculpture.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Lost-wax casting

Marduk

Marduk (Cuneiform: ᵈAMAR.UTU; Sumerian: "calf of the sun; solar calf") is a god from ancient Mesopotamia and patron deity of the city of Babylon who eventually rose to power in the First Millennium BC.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Marduk

Medes

The Medes (Old Persian: 𐎶𐎠𐎭; Akkadian: 13px, 13px; Ancient Greek: Μῆδοι; Latin: Medi) were an ancient Iranian people who spoke the Median language and who inhabited an area known as Media between western and northern Iran. Around the 11th century BC, they occupied the mountainous region of northwestern Iran and the northeastern and eastern region of Mesopotamia in the vicinity of Ecbatana (present-day Hamadan).

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Medes

Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Mesopotamia

Mosul

Mosul (al-Mawṣil,,; translit; Musul; Māwṣil) is a major city in northern Iraq, serving as the capital of Nineveh Governorate.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Mosul

Myrrh

Myrrh (from an unidentified ancient Semitic language, see § Etymology) is a gum-resin extracted from a few small, thorny tree species of the Commiphora genus, belonging to the Burseraceae family.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Myrrh

Nebuchadnezzar II

Nebuchadnezzar II (Babylonian cuneiform: Nabû-kudurri-uṣur, meaning "Nabu, watch over my heir"; Biblical Hebrew: Nəḇūḵaḏneʾṣṣar), also spelled Nebuchadrezzar II, was the second king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, ruling from the death of his father Nabopolassar in 605 BC to his own death in 562 BC.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Nebuchadnezzar II

Neo-Babylonian Empire

The Neo-Babylonian Empire or Second Babylonian Empire, historically known as the Chaldean Empire, was the last polity ruled by monarchs native to Mesopotamia until Faisal II in the 20th century.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Neo-Babylonian Empire

Nineveh

Nineveh (𒌷𒉌𒉡𒀀, URUNI.NU.A, Ninua; נִינְוֵה, Nīnəwē; نَيْنَوَىٰ, Naynawā; ܢܝܼܢܘܹܐ, Nīnwē), also known in early modern times as Kouyunjik, was an ancient Assyrian city of Upper Mesopotamia, located in the modern-day city of Mosul in northern Iraq.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Nineveh

Oak

An oak is a hardwood tree or shrub in the genus Quercus of the beech family.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Oak

Olive

The olive, botanical name Olea europaea, meaning 'European olive', is a species of small tree or shrub in the family Oleaceae, found traditionally in the Mediterranean Basin.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Olive

Onesicritus

Onesicritus (Ὀνησίκριτος; c. 360 BC – c. 290 BC), a Greek historical writer and Cynic philosopher, who accompanied Alexander the Great on his campaigns in Asia.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Onesicritus

Paradoxography

Paradoxography is a genre of classical literature which deals with the occurrence of abnormal or inexplicable phenomena of the natural or human worlds (Latin mirabilia, 'marvels, miracles').

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Paradoxography

PBS

The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and non-commercial, free-to-air television network based in Crystal City, Virginia.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and PBS

Philo of Byzantium

Philo of Byzantium (Φίλων ὁ Βυζάντιος, Phílōn ho Byzántios), also known as Philo Mechanicus (Latin for "Philo the Engineer"), was a Greek engineer, physicist and writer on mechanics, who lived during the latter half of the 3rd century BC.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Philo of Byzantium

Pistacia atlantica

Pistacia atlantica is a species of pistachio tree known by the English common name Mt.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Pistacia atlantica

Pistacia terebinthus

Pistacia terebinthus also called the terebinth and the turpentine tree, is a deciduous shrub species of the genus Pistacia, native to the Mediterranean region from the western regions of Morocco and Portugal to Greece and western and southeastern Turkey.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Pistacia terebinthus

Plethron

Plethron (πλέθρον, plural plethra) is an ancient unit of Greek measurement equal to 97 to 100 Greek feet (ποῦς, pous; c. 30 centimeters), although the measures for plethra may have varied from polis to polis.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Plethron

Plum

A plum is a fruit of some species in ''Prunus'' subg. ''Prunus''. Dried plums are often called prunes, though in the United States they may be labeled as 'dried plums', especially during the 21st century.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Plum

Pomegranate

The pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a fruit-bearing deciduous shrub in the family Lythraceae, subfamily Punicoideae, that grows between tall.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Pomegranate

Pyrus communis

Pyrus communis, the common pear, is a species of pear native to central and eastern Europe, and western Asia.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Pyrus communis

Quince

The quince (Cydonia oblonga) is the sole member of the genus Cydonia in the Malinae subtribe (which also contains apples and pears, among other fruits) of the Rosaceae family.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Quince

Quintus Curtius Rufus

Quintus Curtius Rufus was a Roman historian, probably of the 1st century, author of his only known and only surviving work, Historiae Alexandri Magni, "Histories of Alexander the Great", or more fully Historiarum Alexandri Magni Macedonis Libri Qui Supersunt, "All the Books That Survive of the Histories of Alexander the Great of Macedon." Much of it is missing.

See Hanging Gardens of Babylon and Quintus Curtius Rufus

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanging_Gardens_of_Babylon

Also known as Babylon Garden, Garden of Babylon, Gardens of Babylon, Hanging Gardens, Hanging gardens of bablyon, The Hanging Gardens, The Hanging Gardens of Babylon.

, Marduk, Medes, Mesopotamia, Mosul, Myrrh, Nebuchadnezzar II, Neo-Babylonian Empire, Nineveh, Oak, Olive, Onesicritus, Paradoxography, PBS, Philo of Byzantium, Pistacia atlantica, Pistacia terebinthus, Plethron, Plum, Pomegranate, Pyrus communis, Quince, Quintus Curtius Rufus, Rosewood, Routledge, Secrets of the Dead, Semiramis, Sennacherib, Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, Stadion (unit), Stephanie Dalley, Strabo, Tamarix aphylla, Terrace (building), Tigris, University of Oxford, Vitis vinifera, Walnut, Willow, World History Encyclopedia.

Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Babylon

Babylonian art and architecture

Buildings and structures demolished in the 1st century

Former buildings and structures in Iraq

Garden design history

Gardens in Iraq

Hanging gardens

Lost buildings and structures

Nebuchadnezzar II

Nineveh

Semiramis

Sennacherib

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

Terraced gardens

References