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Hellenistic-era warships, the Glossary

From the 4th century BC on, new types of oared warships appeared in the Mediterranean Sea, superseding the trireme and transforming naval warfare.^[1]

102 relations: Africa, Alexander the Great, Antigonus I Monophthalmus, Antigonus II Gonatas, Appian, Arabian Peninsula, Aristotle, Arrian, Athenian democracy, Augustus, Battle of Actium, Battle of Cape Ecnomus, Battle of Chios (201 BC), Battle of Mylae, Battle of Naulochus, Battle of Salamis (306 BC), Bireme, Caria, Carthage, Cassius Dio, Catamaran, Classical Athens, Classis Misenensis, Claudius Aelianus, Commerce raiding, Dalmatia, Demetrius I Poliorcetes, Diadochi, Diodorus Siculus, Dionysius I of Syracuse, Dionysius II of Syracuse, First Punic War, Florus, Gaius Cassius Longinus, Galley, Greco-Persian Wars, Greek language, Hellenistic period, Illyro-Roman Wars, Indus River, Jhelum River, John Sinclair Morrison, Late antiquity, Latin, Leontophoros, Liburna, Liburnians, Lionel Casson, List of ancient tribes in Illyria, Livy, ... Expand index (52 more) »
Galleys
Hellenistic warfare
Military history of the Mediterranean
Naval warfare of antiquity
Navy of ancient Rome
Ships of the Hellenistic period

Africa

Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia.

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Alexander the Great

Alexander III of Macedon (Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon.

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Antigonus I Monophthalmus

Antigonus I Monophthalmus (Ἀντίγονος Μονόφθαλμος, "Antigonus the One-Eyed"; 382 – 301 BC) was a Macedonian Greek general and successor of Alexander the Great.

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Antigonus II Gonatas (Ἀντίγονος Γονατᾶς,; – 239 BC) was a Macedonian ruler who solidified the position of the Antigonid dynasty in Macedon after a long period defined by anarchy and chaos and acquired fame for his victory over the Gauls who had invaded the Balkans.

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Appian

Appian of Alexandria (Appianòs Alexandreús; Appianus Alexandrinus) was a Greek historian with Roman citizenship who prospered during the reigns of the Roman Emperors Trajan, Hadrian, and Antoninus Pius.

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Arabian Peninsula

The Arabian Peninsula (شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَة الْعَرَبِيَّة,, "Arabian Peninsula" or جَزِيرَةُ الْعَرَب,, "Island of the Arabs"), or Arabia, is a peninsula in West Asia, situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian Plate.

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Aristotle

Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath.

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Arrian

Arrian of Nicomedia (Greek: Ἀρριανός Arrianos; Lucius Flavius Arrianus) was a Greek historian, public servant, military commander, and philosopher of the Roman period.

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Athenian democracy

Athenian democracy developed around the 6th century BC in the Greek city-state (known as a polis) of Athens, comprising the city of Athens and the surrounding territory of Attica.

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Augustus

Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian (Octavianus), was the founder of the Roman Empire.

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Battle of Actium

The Battle of Actium was a naval battle fought between Octavian's maritime fleet, led by Marcus Agrippa, and the combined fleets of both Mark Antony and Cleopatra.

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Battle of Cape Ecnomus

The Battle of Cape Ecnomus or Eknomos (Ἔκνομος) was a naval battle, fought off southern Sicily, in 256 BC, between the fleets of Carthage and the Roman Republic, during the First Punic War (264–241 BC).

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Battle of Chios (201 BC)

The Battle of Chios was fought in 201 BC between the fleet of Philip V of Macedon and the combined fleet of Rhodes, Pergamum, Byzantium and Cyzicus.

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Battle of Mylae

The Battle of Mylae took place in 260 BC during the First Punic War and was the first real naval battle between Carthage and the Roman Republic.

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Battle of Naulochus

The naval Battle of Naulochus (Battaglia di Nauloco) was fought on 3 September 36 BC between the fleets of Sextus Pompeius and Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, off Naulochus, Sicily.

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Battle of Salamis (306 BC)

The naval Battle of Salamis in 306 BC took place off Salamis, Cyprus between the fleets of Ptolemy I of Egypt and Antigonus I Monophthalmus, two of the Diadochi, the generals who, after the death of Alexander the Great, fought each other for control of his empire.

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Bireme

A bireme is an ancient oared warship (galley) with two superimposed rows of oars on each side. Hellenistic-era warships and bireme are galleys, naval warfare of antiquity and navy of ancient Rome.

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Caria

Caria (from Greek: Καρία, Karia; Karya) was a region of western Anatolia extending along the coast from mid-Ionia (Mycale) south to Lycia and east to Phrygia.

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Carthage

Carthage was an ancient city in Northern Africa, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now Tunisia.

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Cassius Dio

Lucius Cassius Dio, also known as Dio Cassius (Δίων Κάσσιος), was a Roman historian and senator of maternal Greek origin.

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Catamaran

A catamaran (informally, a "cat") is a watercraft with two parallel hulls of equal size.

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Classical Athens

The city of Athens (Ἀθῆναι, Athênai a.tʰɛ̂ː.nai̯; Modern Greek: Αθήναι, Athine or, more commonly and in singular, Αθήνα, Athina) during the classical period of ancient Greece (480–323 BC) was the major urban centre of the notable polis (city-state) of the same name, located in Attica, Greece, leading the Delian League in the Peloponnesian War against Sparta and the Peloponnesian League.

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Classis Misenensis

The Classis Misenensis ("Fleet of Misenum"), later awarded the honorifics praetoria and Pia Vindex, was the senior fleet of the imperial Roman navy.

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Claudius Aelianus

Claudius Aelianus (Κλαύδιος Αἰλιανός, Greek transliteration Kláudios Ailianós), commonly Aelian, born at Praeneste, was a Roman author and teacher of rhetoric who flourished under Septimius Severus and probably outlived Elagabalus, who died in 222.

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Commerce raiding

Commerce raiding is a form of naval warfare used to destroy or disrupt logistics of the enemy on the open sea by attacking its merchant shipping, rather than engaging its combatants or enforcing a blockade against them.

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Dalmatia

Dalmatia (Dalmacija; Dalmazia; see names in other languages) is one of the four historical regions of Croatia, alongside Central Croatia, Slavonia, and Istria, located on the east shore of the Adriatic Sea in Croatia.

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Demetrius I Poliorcetes

Demetrius I Poliorcetes (Δημήτριος Πολιορκητής) was a Macedonian Greek nobleman and military leader who became king of Asia between 306 – 301 BC and king of Macedon between 294–288 BC.

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Diadochi

The Diadochi (singular: Diadochos; from Successors) were the rival generals, families, and friends of Alexander the Great who fought for control over his empire after his death in 323 BC.

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Diodorus Siculus

Diodorus Siculus or Diodorus of Sicily (Diódōros; 1st century BC) was an ancient Greek historian.

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Dionysius I of Syracuse

Dionysius I or Dionysius the Elder (432 – 367 BC) was a Greek tyrant of Syracuse, Sicily.

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Dionysius II of Syracuse

Dionysius the Younger (Διονύσιος ὁ Νεώτερος, 343 BC), or Dionysius II, was a Greek politician who ruled Syracuse, Sicily from 367 BC to 357 BC and again from 346 BC to 344 BC.

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First Punic War

The First Punic War (264–241 BC) was the first of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage, the two main powers of the western Mediterranean in the early 3rd century BC.

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Florus

Three main sets of works are attributed to Florus (a Roman cognomen): Virgilius orator an poeta, the Epitome of Roman History and a collection of 14 short poems (66 lines in all).

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Gaius Cassius Longinus

Gaius Cassius Longinus (– 3 October 42 BC) was a Roman senator and general best known as a leading instigator of the plot to assassinate Julius Caesar on 15 March 44 BC.

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Galley

A galley was a type of ship which relied mostly on oars for propulsion that was used for warfare, trade, and piracy mostly in the seas surrounding Europe. Hellenistic-era warships and galley are galleys.

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Greco-Persian Wars

The Greco-Persian Wars (also often called the Persian Wars) were a series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire and Greek city-states that started in 499 BC and lasted until 449 BC. Hellenistic-era warships and Greco-Persian Wars are military history of the Mediterranean.

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Greek language

Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean.

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Hellenistic period

In classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Mediterranean history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC, which was followed by the ascendancy of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the Roman conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year, which eliminated the last major Hellenistic kingdom.

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Illyro-Roman Wars

The Illyro-Roman Wars were a series of wars fought between the Roman Republic and the Illyrian kingdom under the Ardiaei and Labeatae.

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Indus River

The Indus is a transboundary river of Asia and a trans-Himalayan river of South and Central Asia.

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Jhelum River

The Jhelum River is a river in the northern Indian subcontinent.

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John Sinclair Morrison

John Sinclair Morrison CBE (1913–2000) was an English classicist whose work led to the reconstruction of an Athenian Trireme, an ancient oared warship.

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Late antiquity

Late antiquity is sometimes defined as spanning from the end of classical antiquity to the local start of the Middle Ages, from around the late 3rd century up to the 7th or 8th century in Europe and adjacent areas bordering the Mediterranean Basin depending on location.

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Latin

Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Leontophoros

Leontophoros was a famous ship built in Heraclea for Lysimachos; it was one of the largest wooden ships ever built. Hellenistic-era warships and Leontophoros are ships of the Hellenistic period.

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Liburna

A liburna was a type of small galley used for raiding and patrols. Hellenistic-era warships and liburna are galleys, naval warfare of antiquity and navy of ancient Rome.

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Liburnians

The Liburnians or Liburni (Λιβυρνοί) were an ancient tribe inhabiting the district called Liburnia, a coastal region of the northeastern Adriatic between the rivers Arsia (Raša) and Titius (Krka) in what is now Croatia.

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Lionel Casson

Lionel Casson (July 22, 1914 – July 18, 2009) was a classicist, professor emeritus at New York University, and a specialist in maritime history.

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List of ancient tribes in Illyria

This is a list of ancient tribes in the ancient territory of Illyria (Ἰλλυρία; Illyria).

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Livy

Titus Livius (59 BC – AD 17), known in English as Livy, was a Roman historian.

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Lucan

Marcus Annaeus Lucanus (3 November AD 39 – 30 April AD 65), better known in English as Lucan, was a Roman poet, born in Corduba, Hispania Baetica (present-day Córdoba, Spain).

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Lysimachus

Lysimachus (Greek: Λυσίμαχος,meaning: "the one that terminates the battle". Lysimachos; c. 360 BC – 281 BC) was a Thessalian officer and successor of Alexander the Great, who in 306 BC, became king of Thrace, Asia Minor and Macedon.

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Marcus Junius Brutus

Marcus Junius Brutus (85 BC – 23 October 42 BC) was a Roman politician, orator, and the most famous of the assassins of Julius Caesar.

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Marines

Marines (or naval infantry) are soldiers who primarily operate in littoral zones, both on land and at sea.

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Mark Antony

Marcus Antonius (14 January 1 August 30 BC), commonly known in English as Mark Antony, was a Roman politician and general who played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic from a constitutional republic into the autocratic Roman Empire.

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Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, on the east by the Levant in West Asia, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border.

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Memnon of Heraclea

Memnon of Heraclea (Mέμνων, gen.: Μέμνονος; fl. c. 1st century) was a Greek historical writer, probably a native of Heraclea Pontica.

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Mount Lebanon

Mount Lebanon (جَبَل لُبْنَان, jabal lubnān,; ܛܘܪ ܠܒ݂ܢܢ,,, ṭūr lewnōn) is a mountain range in Lebanon.

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Nabis of Sparta

Nabis (Νάβις) was the last king of independent Sparta.

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Naval boarding

Naval boarding action is an offensive tactic used in naval warfare to come up against (or alongside) an enemy watercraft and attack by inserting combatants aboard that vessel.

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Naval warfare

Naval warfare is combat in and on the sea, the ocean, or any other battlespace involving a major body of water such as a large lake or wide river.

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Near East

The Near East is a transcontinental region around the East Mediterranean encompassing parts of West Asia, the Balkans, and North Africa, specifically the historical Fertile Crescent, the Levant, Anatolia, East Thrace, and Egypt.

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Orosius

Paulus Orosius (born 375/385 – 420 AD), less often Paul Orosius in English, was a Roman priest, historian and theologian, and a student of Augustine of Hippo.

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Outrigger (nautical)

An outrigger is a projecting structure on a boat, with specific meaning depending on types of vessel.

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Peloponnesian War

The Peloponnesian War (translit) (431–404 BC) was an ancient Greek war fought between Athens and Sparta and their respective allies for the hegemony of the Greek world. Hellenistic-era warships and Peloponnesian War are military history of the Mediterranean.

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Penteconter

The penteconter (alt. spelling pentekonter, pentaconter, pentecontor or pentekontor; πεντηκόντερος, pentēkónteros, "fifty-oared"), plural penteconters, was an ancient Greek galley in use since the archaic period. Hellenistic-era warships and penteconter are galleys and naval warfare of antiquity.

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Philip V of Macedon

Philip V (Philippos; 238–179 BC) was king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon from 221 to 179 BC.

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Phoenicia

Phoenicia, or Phœnicia, was an ancient Semitic thalassocratic civilization originating in the coastal strip of the Levant region of the eastern Mediterranean, primarily located in modern Lebanon.

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Pliny the Elder

Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/24 AD 79), called Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, natural philosopher, naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the emperor Vespasian.

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Plutarch

Plutarch (Πλούταρχος, Ploútarchos;; – after AD 119) was a Greek Middle Platonist philosopher, historian, biographer, essayist, and priest at the Temple of Apollo in Delphi.

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Polybius

Polybius (Πολύβιος) was a Greek historian of the middle Hellenistic period.

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Ptolemaic Kingdom

The Ptolemaic Kingdom (Ptolemaïkḕ basileía) or Ptolemaic Empire was an Ancient Greek polity based in Egypt during the Hellenistic period.

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Ptolemy I Soter

Ptolemy I Soter (Πτολεμαῖος Σωτήρ, Ptolemaîos Sōtḗr "Ptolemy the Savior"; c. 367 BC – January 282 BC) was a Macedonian Greek general, historian, and successor of Alexander the Great who went on to found the Ptolemaic Kingdom centered on Egypt and led by his progeny from 305 BC – 30 BC.

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Ptolemy II Philadelphus

Ptolemy II Philadelphus (Ptolemaîos Philádelphos, "Ptolemy, sibling-lover"; 309 – 28 January 246 BC) was the pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt from 284 to 246 BC.

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Ptolemy IV Philopator

Ptolemy IV Philopator (Ptolemaĩos Philopátōr; "Ptolemy, lover of his Father"; May/June 244 – July/August 204 BC) was the fourth pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt from 221 to 204 BC.

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Ptolemy XII Auletes

Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysus (Ptolemy the new Dionysus – 51 BC) was a king of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt who ruled from 80 to 58 BC and then again from 55 BC until his death in 51 BC.

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Punic people

The Punic people, usually known as the Carthaginians (and sometimes as Western Phoenicians), were a Semitic people who migrated from Phoenicia to the Western Mediterranean during the Early Iron Age.

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Punic Wars

The Punic Wars were a series of wars between 264 and 146BC fought between the Roman Republic and Ancient Carthage. Hellenistic-era warships and Punic Wars are military history of the Mediterranean.

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Pyrrhus of Epirus

Pyrrhus (Πύρρος; 319/318–272 BC) was a Greek king and statesman of the Hellenistic period.

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Quintus Curtius Rufus

Quintus Curtius Rufus was a Roman historian, probably of the 1st century, author of his only known and only surviving work, Historiae Alexandri Magni, "Histories of Alexander the Great", or more fully Historiarum Alexandri Magni Macedonis Libri Qui Supersunt, "All the Books That Survive of the Histories of Alexander the Great of Macedon." Much of it is missing.

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Ramming

In warfare, ramming is a technique used in air, sea, and land combat.

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Renaissance

The Renaissance is a period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries.

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Republic of Venice

The Republic of Venice, traditionally known as La Serenissima, was a sovereign state and maritime republic with its capital in Venice.

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Rhodes

Rhodes (translit) is the largest of the Dodecanese islands of Greece and is their historical capital; it is the ninth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Roman consul

A consul was the highest elected public official of the Roman Republic (to 27 BC).

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Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.

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Roman navy

The naval forces of the ancient Roman state (lit) were instrumental in the Roman conquest of the Mediterranean Basin, but it never enjoyed the prestige of the Roman legions. Hellenistic-era warships and Roman navy are navy of ancient Rome.

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Roman Republic

The Roman Republic (Res publica Romana) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire following the War of Actium.

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Roman Senate

The Roman Senate (Senātus Rōmānus) was the highest and constituting assembly of ancient Rome and its aristocracy.

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Second Punic War

The Second Punic War (218 to 201 BC) was the second of three wars fought between Carthage and Rome, the two main powers of the western Mediterranean in the 3rd century BC.

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Seleucid Empire

The Seleucid Empire (lit) was a Greek power in West Asia during the Hellenistic period.

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Sextus Pompey

Sextus Pompeius Magnus Pius (67 – 35 BC), also known in English as Sextus Pompey, was a Roman military leader who, throughout his life, upheld the cause of his father, Pompey the Great, against Julius Caesar and his supporters during the last civil wars of the Roman Republic.

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Sicilian Expedition

The Sicilian Expedition was an Athenian military expedition to Sicily, which took place from 415–413 BC during the Peloponnesian War between Athens on one side and Sparta, Syracuse and Corinth on the other.

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Sidon

Sidon or Saida (Ṣaydā) is the third-largest city in Lebanon.

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Siege of Rhodes (305–304 BC)

The Siege of Rhodes in 305–304 BC was one of the most notable sieges of antiquity, when Demetrius Poliorcetes, son of Antigonus I, besieged Rhodes in an attempt to make it abandon its neutrality and end its close relationship with Ptolemy I. The attempt ultimately proved unsuccessful, but the scale of the siege, along with the logistical, strategic, and engineering efforts of Demetrius Poliorcetes, cemented his reputation as a military engineer and city conqueror.

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Siege of Tyre (332 BC)

The Siege of Tyre was orchestrated by Alexander the Great in 332 BC during his campaigns against the Persians.

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Sparta

Sparta was a prominent city-state in Laconia in ancient Greece.

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Syracuse, Sicily

Syracuse (Siracusa; Sarausa) is a historic city on the Italian island of Sicily, the capital of the Italian province of Syracuse.

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Tessarakonteres

Tessarakonteres (τεσσαρακοντήρης, "forty-rowed"), or simply "forty", was a very large catamaran galley reportedly built in the Hellenistic period by Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt. Hellenistic-era warships and Tessarakonteres are ships of the Hellenistic period.

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Trireme

A trireme (derived from trirēmis, "with three banks of oars"; cf. Ancient Greek: triērēs, literally "three-rower") was an ancient vessel and a type of galley that was used by the ancient maritime civilizations of the Mediterranean Sea, especially the Phoenicians, ancient Greeks and Romans. Hellenistic-era warships and trireme are galleys, naval warfare of antiquity and navy of ancient Rome.

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Vettor Fausto

Vettor Fausto or Vittore Fausto (1490–1546) was Venetian Renaissance humanist and naval architect.

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Winged Victory of Samothrace

The Winged Victory of Samothrace, or the Niké of Samothrace, is a votive monument originally found on the island of Samothrace, north of the Aegean Sea.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic-era_warships

Also known as Aphract, Aphracts, Hellenistic warships, Hellenistic-era warship, Heptereis, Hepteres, Hexareme, Hexereis, Hexeres, Lemboi, Octeres, Penteres, Polyreme, Quadreme, Quadrimere, Quadrireme, Quadriremes, Quinquereme, Quinqueremes, Quinquireme, Quinquiremes, Quinterimes, Septireme, Septiremes, Sexireme, Tetreres, Trihemiolia.

, Lucan, Lysimachus, Marcus Junius Brutus, Marines, Mark Antony, Mediterranean Sea, Memnon of Heraclea, Mount Lebanon, Nabis of Sparta, Naval boarding, Naval warfare, Near East, Orosius, Outrigger (nautical), Peloponnesian War, Penteconter, Philip V of Macedon, Phoenicia, Pliny the Elder, Plutarch, Polybius, Ptolemaic Kingdom, Ptolemy I Soter, Ptolemy II Philadelphus, Ptolemy IV Philopator, Ptolemy XII Auletes, Punic people, Punic Wars, Pyrrhus of Epirus, Quintus Curtius Rufus, Ramming, Renaissance, Republic of Venice, Rhodes, Roman consul, Roman Empire, Roman navy, Roman Republic, Roman Senate, Second Punic War, Seleucid Empire, Sextus Pompey, Sicilian Expedition, Sidon, Siege of Rhodes (305–304 BC), Siege of Tyre (332 BC), Sparta, Syracuse, Sicily, Tessarakonteres, Trireme, Vettor Fausto, Winged Victory of Samothrace.

Hellenistic-era warships, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Galleys

Hellenistic warfare

Military history of the Mediterranean

Naval warfare of antiquity

Navy of ancient Rome

Ships of the Hellenistic period

References