High-altitude nuclear explosion, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 68 relations: Almaty, Anti-satellite weapon, Apia, Ariel programme, Astana, Atmosphere of Earth, Atomic recoil, Aurora, Charged particle, Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, Compton scattering, Conjugate points, Cuban Missile Crisis, Earth's magnetic field, Electric power transmission, Electromagnetic radiation, Electronvolt, Gamma ray, Geomagnetic storm, Gray (unit), Hardtack Teak, Hertz, Honolulu, Hypocenter, Injun (satellite), Ion, Ionizing radiation, Jezkazgan, Johnston Atoll, Kapustin Yar, Karaganda, Kauai, Kosmos 5, List of artificial radiation belts, Microwave, Microwave transmission, Mushroom cloud, New Zealand, Nuclear electromagnetic pulse, Nuclear weapon yield, Nuclear weapons testing, Oahu, Operation Argus, Operation Dominic, Operation Fishbowl, Operation Hardtack I, Outer space, Outer Space Treaty, Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, Polar orbit, ... Expand index (18 more) »

2. Exoatmospheric nuclear weapons testing

Almaty

Almaty, formerly Alma-Ata, is the largest city in Kazakhstan, with a population of over two million.

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Anti-satellite weapon

Anti-satellite weapons (ASAT) are space weapons designed to incapacitate or destroy satellites for strategic or tactical purposes.

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Apia

Apia is the capital and only city of Samoa.

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Ariel programme

Ariel was a British satellite research programme conducted between the early 1960s and 1980s.

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Astana

Astana, formerly known as Nur-Sultan, Akmolinsk, Tselinograd, and Akmola, is the capital city of Kazakhstan.

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Atmosphere of Earth

The atmosphere of Earth is composed of a layer of gas mixture that surrounds the Earth's planetary surface (both lands and oceans), known collectively as air, with variable quantities of suspended aerosols and particulates (which create weather features such as clouds and hazes), all retained by Earth's gravity.

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Atomic recoil

In nuclear physics, atomic recoil is the result of the interaction of an atom with an energetic elementary particle, when the momentum of the interacting particle is transferred to the atom as a whole without altering non-translational degrees of freedom of the atom.

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Aurora

An aurora (aurorae or auroras), also commonly known as the northern lights (aurora borealis) or southern lights (aurora australis), is a natural light display in Earth's sky, predominantly seen in high-latitude regions (around the Arctic and Antarctic).

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Charged particle

In physics, a charged particle is a particle with an electric charge.

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Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty

The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) is a multilateral treaty to ban nuclear weapons test explosions and any other nuclear explosions, for both civilian and military purposes, in all environments.

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Compton scattering

Compton scattering (or the Compton effect) is the quantum theory of high frequency photons scattering following an interaction with a charged particle, usually an electron.

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Conjugate points

In differential geometry, conjugate points or focal points are, roughly, points that can almost be joined by a 1-parameter family of geodesics.

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Cuban Missile Crisis

The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis (Crisis de Octubre) in Cuba, or the Caribbean Crisis, was a 13-day confrontation between the governments of the United States and the Soviet Union, when American deployments of nuclear missiles in Italy and Turkey were matched by Soviet deployments of nuclear missiles in Cuba.

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Earth's magnetic field

Earth's magnetic field, also known as the geomagnetic field, is the magnetic field that extends from Earth's interior out into space, where it interacts with the solar wind, a stream of charged particles emanating from the Sun.

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Electric power transmission

Electric power transmission is the bulk movement of electrical energy from a generating site, such as a power plant, to an electrical substation.

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Electromagnetic radiation

In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EMR) consists of waves of the electromagnetic (EM) field, which propagate through space and carry momentum and electromagnetic radiant energy.

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Electronvolt

In physics, an electronvolt (symbol eV), also written electron-volt and electron volt, is the measure of an amount of kinetic energy gained by a single electron accelerating through an electric potential difference of one volt in vacuum.

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Gamma ray

A gamma ray, also known as gamma radiation (symbol), is a penetrating form of electromagnetic radiation arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei.

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Geomagnetic storm

A geomagnetic storm, also known as a magnetic storm, is a temporary disturbance of the Earth's magnetosphere caused by a solar wind shock wave.

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Gray (unit)

The gray (symbol: Gy) is the unit of ionizing radiation dose in the International System of Units (SI), defined as the absorption of one joule of radiation energy per kilogram of matter.

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Hardtack Teak

HARDTACK-Teak was an exoatmospheric high altitude nuclear weapon test performed during Operation Newsreel. High-altitude nuclear explosion and Hardtack Teak are exoatmospheric nuclear weapons testing.

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Hertz

The hertz (symbol: Hz) is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI), equivalent to one event (or cycle) per second.

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Honolulu

Honolulu is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Hawaii, which is in the Pacific Ocean.

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Hypocenter

A hypocenter or hypocentre, also called ground zero or surface zero, is the point on the Earth's surface directly below a nuclear explosion, meteor air burst, or other mid-air explosion.

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Injun (satellite)

The Injun program was a series of six satellites designed and built by researchers at the University of Iowa to observe various radiation and magnetic phenomena in the ionosphere and beyond.

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Ion

An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge.

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Ionizing radiation

Ionizing radiation (US, ionising radiation in the UK), including nuclear radiation, consists of subatomic particles or electromagnetic waves that have sufficient energy to ionize atoms or molecules by detaching electrons from them.

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Jezkazgan

Zhezkazgan, or Jezkazgan (translit) is a city and the administrative centre of Ulytau Region, Kazakhstan. Population: Its urban area includes the neighbouring mining town of Satpayev, for a total city population of 148,700. 55% of Jezkazgan's population are Kazakhs and 30% Russians, with smaller minorities of Ukrainians, Germans, Chechens and Koreans.

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Johnston Atoll

Johnston Atoll is an unincorporated territory of the United States, under the jurisdiction of the United States Air Force (USAF).

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Kapustin Yar

Kapustin Yar (Капустин Яр) is a Russian military training area and a rocket launch complex in Astrakhan Oblast, about 100 km east of Volgograd.

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Karaganda

Karaganda, also known as Qaraghandy or Karagandy, (Қарағанды/Qarağandy,; Караганда) is the capital of Karaganda Region, Kazakhstan.

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Kauai

Kauai, anglicized as Kauai, is one of the main Hawaiian Islands.

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Kosmos 5

Kosmos 5 (Космос 5 meaning Cosmos 5), also known as 2MS #2 and occasionally in the West as Sputnik 15 was a scientific research and technology demonstration satellite launched by the Soviet Union in 1962.

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List of artificial radiation belts

Artificial radiation belts are radiation belts that have been created by high-altitude nuclear explosions. High-altitude nuclear explosion and List of artificial radiation belts are exoatmospheric nuclear weapons testing.

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Microwave

Microwave is a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than other radio waves (as originally discovered) but longer than infrared waves.

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Microwave transmission

Microwave transmission is the transmission of information by electromagnetic waves with wavelengths in the microwave frequency range of 300 MHz to 300 GHz (1 m - 1 mm wavelength) of the electromagnetic spectrum.

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Mushroom cloud

A mushroom cloud is a distinctive mushroom-shaped flammagenitus cloud of debris, smoke, and usually condensed water vapour resulting from a large explosion.

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New Zealand

New Zealand (Aotearoa) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

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Nuclear electromagnetic pulse

A nuclear electromagnetic pulse (nuclear EMP or NEMP) is a burst of electromagnetic radiation created by a nuclear explosion.

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Nuclear weapon yield

The explosive yield of a nuclear weapon is the amount of energy released such as blast, thermal, and nuclear radiation, when that particular nuclear weapon is detonated, usually expressed as a TNT equivalent (the standardized equivalent mass of trinitrotoluene which, if detonated, would produce the same energy discharge), either in kilotonnes (kt—thousands of tonnes of TNT), in megatonnes (Mt—millions of tonnes of TNT), or sometimes in terajoules (TJ).

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Nuclear weapons testing

Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine the performance, yield, and effects of nuclear weapons and have resulted until 2020 in up to 2.4 million people dying from its global fallout.

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Oahu

Oahu (Hawaiian: Oʻahu) is the most populated and third-largest of the Hawaiian Islands.

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Operation Argus

Operation Argus was a series of United States low-yield, high-altitude nuclear weapons tests and missile tests secretly conducted from 27 August to 9 September 1958 over the South Atlantic Ocean. High-altitude nuclear explosion and Operation Argus are exoatmospheric nuclear weapons testing.

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Operation Dominic

Operation Dominic was a series of 31 nuclear test explosions ("shots") with a total yield conducted in 1962 by the United States in the Pacific. High-altitude nuclear explosion and Operation Dominic are exoatmospheric nuclear weapons testing.

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Operation Fishbowl

Operation Fishbowl was a series of high-altitude nuclear tests in 1962 that were carried out by the United States as a part of the larger Operation Dominic nuclear test program. High-altitude nuclear explosion and Operation Fishbowl are exoatmospheric nuclear weapons testing.

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Operation Hardtack I

Operation Hardtack I was a series of 35 nuclear tests conducted by the United States from April 28 to August 18 in 1958 at the Pacific Proving Grounds.

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Outer space

Outer space (or simply space) is the expanse that exists beyond Earth's atmosphere and between celestial bodies.

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Outer Space Treaty

The Outer Space Treaty, formally the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, is a multilateral treaty that forms the basis of international space law.

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Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

The Partial Test Ban Treaty (PTBT), formally known as the 1963 Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water, prohibited all test detonations of nuclear weapons except for those conducted underground.

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Polar orbit

A polar orbit is one in which a satellite passes above or nearly above both poles of the body being orbited (usually a planet such as the Earth, but possibly another body such as the Moon or Sun) on each revolution.

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Program 437

Program 437 was the second anti-satellite weapons program of the U.S. military.

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Project Highwater

Project Highwater was an experiment carried out as part of two of the test flights of NASA's Saturn I launch vehicle (using battleship upper stages), successfully launched into a sub-orbital trajectory from Cape Canaveral, Florida.

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Radiation damage

Radiation damage is the effect of ionizing radiation on physical objects including non-living structural materials.

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Radio frequency

Radio frequency (RF) is the oscillation rate of an alternating electric current or voltage or of a magnetic, electric or electromagnetic field or mechanical system in the frequency range from around to around.

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Rainbow

A rainbow is an optical phenomenon caused by refraction, internal reflection and dispersion of light in water droplets resulting in a continuous spectrum of light appearing in the sky.

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Retina

The retina (or retinas) is the innermost, light-sensitive layer of tissue of the eye of most vertebrates and some molluscs.

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Samoa

Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa and until 1997 known as Western Samoa, is a Polynesian island country consisting of two main islands (Savai'i and Upolu); two smaller, inhabited islands (Manono and Apolima); and several smaller, uninhabited islands, including the Aleipata Islands (Nu'utele, Nu'ulua, Fanuatapu and Namua).

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Security alarm

A security alarm is a system designed to detect intrusions, such as unauthorized entry, into a building or other areas, such as a home or school.

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Solar cell

A solar cell or photovoltaic cell (PV cell) is an electronic device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by means of the photovoltaic effect.

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Soviet Project K nuclear tests

The Soviet Union's K project nuclear test series (Ka") was a group of five nuclear tests conducted in 1961–1962. High-altitude nuclear explosion and Soviet Project K nuclear tests are exoatmospheric nuclear weapons testing.

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Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

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Starfish Prime

Starfish Prime was a high-altitude nuclear test conducted by the United States, a joint effort of the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) and the Defense Atomic Support Agency. High-altitude nuclear explosion and Starfish Prime are exoatmospheric nuclear weapons testing.

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Telstar 1

Telstar 1 is a defunct communications satellite launched by NASA on July 10, 1962.

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Transit (satellite)

The Transit system, also known as NAVSAT or NNSS (for Navy Navigation Satellite System), was the first satellite navigation system to be used operationally.

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Transit Research and Attitude Control

The Transit Research and Attitude Control (TRAAC) satellite was launched by the U. S. Navy from Cape Canaveral along with Transit 4B on November 15, 1961.

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United States

The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.

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United States Department of Defense

The United States Department of Defense (DoD, USDOD, or DOD) is an executive branch department of the federal government of the United States charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the U.S. government directly related to national security and the United States Armed Forces.

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Weapon of mass destruction

A weapon of mass destruction (WMD) is a biological, chemical, radiological, nuclear, or any other weapon that can kill or significantly harm many people or cause great damage to artificial structures (e.g., buildings), natural structures (e.g., mountains), or the biosphere.

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See also

Exoatmospheric nuclear weapons testing

• Christofilos effect
• Hardtack Teak
• High-altitude nuclear explosion
• List of artificial radiation belts
• Operation Argus
• Operation Dominic
• Operation Fishbowl
• Soviet Project K nuclear tests
• Starfish Prime

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-altitude_nuclear_explosion

Also known as High altitude detonation, High altitude nuclear event, High altitude nuclear explosion, High altitude nuclear explosions, High-altitude burst of a nuclear weapon, High-altitude electromagnetic pulse.

, Program 437, Project Highwater, Radiation damage, Radio frequency, Rainbow, Retina, Samoa, Security alarm, Solar cell, Soviet Project K nuclear tests, Soviet Union, Starfish Prime, Telstar 1, Transit (satellite), Transit Research and Attitude Control, United States, United States Department of Defense, Weapon of mass destruction.