Hindi–Urdu controversy, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 80 relations: Anjuman-i Taraqqi-i Urdu, Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu, Apabhraṃśa, Arabic script, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bihar, Braj Bhasha, Brill Publishers, British Raj, C. Rajagopalachari, Chagatai language, Colonial India, Columbia University, Constitution of India, Dawn (newspaper), Deccani language, Delhi Sultanate, Devanagari, Dialect, Digraphia, Dravidian languages, English language, Gurmukhi, Hindi, Hindi in Pakistan, Hindustan, Hindustani language, Hindutva boycott of Hindi films, History of Hindustani language, India, India Today, Indian independence movement, Indian National Congress, Kaithi, Kauravi dialect, Languages with legal status in India, Lingua franca, Linguistic purism, Literary language, Madan Mohan Malaviya, Madras Presidency, Mahatma Gandhi, Middle Indo-Aryan languages, Mughal Empire, Muslim nationalism in South Asia, Nagari Pracharini Sabha, Nastaliq, National language, Nāgarī script, North India, ... Expand index (30 more) »

2. 1867 in India
3. Hindustani language
4. Language conflict in India
5. Muslim politics in India
6. Politics of British India
7. Urdu
8. Urdu-language literary movements

Anjuman-i Taraqqi-i Urdu

Anjuman-i Taraqqi-i Urdu (اَنْجُمَنِ تَرَقِیِ اُرْدُوْ; Organisation for the Progress of Urdu) was an organisation working for the promotion and dissemination of Urdu language, literature and culture in British India. Hindi–Urdu controversy and Anjuman-i Taraqqi-i Urdu are Pakistan Movement.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Anjuman-i Taraqqi-i Urdu

Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu

The anti-Hindi-imposition agitations in Tamil Nadu have been ongoing intermittently in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu (formerly Madras State and part of Madras Presidency) since the early 20th century. Hindi–Urdu controversy and anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu are Hindi and language conflict in India.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu

Apabhraṃśa

Apabhraṃśa (अपभ्रंश,, Prakrit) is a term used by vaiyākaraṇāḥ (native grammarians) since Patañjali to refer to languages spoken in North India before the rise of the modern languages.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Apabhraṃśa

Arabic script

The Arabic script is the writing system used for Arabic and several other languages of Asia and Africa.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Arabic script

Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Bal Gangadhar Tilak (born Keshav Gangadhar Tilak (pronunciation: keʃəʋ ɡəŋɡaːd̪ʱəɾ ʈiɭək); 23 July 1856 – 1 August 1920), endeared as Lokmanya (IAST: Lokamānya), was an Indian nationalist, teacher, and an independence activist.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Bihar

Bihar is a state in Eastern India.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Bihar

Braj Bhasha

Braj is a language within the Indo-Aryan language family spoken in the Braj region centered on Mathura.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Braj Bhasha

Brill Publishers

Brill Academic Publishers, also known as E. J. Brill, Koninklijke Brill, Brill, is a Dutch international academic publisher of books and journals.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Brill Publishers

British Raj

The British Raj (from Hindustani, 'reign', 'rule' or 'government') was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent,.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and British Raj

C. Rajagopalachari

Chakravarti Rajagopalachari BR (10 December 1878 – 25 December 1972), popularly known as Rajaji or C.R., also known as Mootharignar Rajaji (Rajaji, the Scholar Emeritus), was an Indian statesman, writer, lawyer, and Indian independence activist.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and C. Rajagopalachari

Chagatai language

Chagatai (چغتای, Čaġatāy), also known as Turki, Eastern Turkic, or Chagatai Turkic (Čaġatāy türkīsi), is an extinct Turkic language that was once widely spoken across Central Asia.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Chagatai language

Colonial India

Colonial India was the part of the Indian subcontinent that was occupied by European colonial powers during the Age of Discovery.

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Columbia University

Columbia University, officially Columbia University in the City of New York, is a private Ivy League research university in New York City.

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Constitution of India

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Constitution of India

Dawn (newspaper)

Dawn is a Pakistani English-language newspaper that was launched in British India by Jinnah in 1941. Hindi–Urdu controversy and Dawn (newspaper) are Pakistan Movement.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Dawn (newspaper)

Deccani language

Deccani (dakanī or, dakhanī; also known as Deccani Urdu or Deccani Hindi) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Deccan region of south-central India and the native language of the Deccani people. The historical form of Deccani sparked the development of Urdu literature during the late-Mughal period.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Deccani language

Delhi Sultanate

The Delhi Sultanate or the Sultanate of Delhi was a late medieval empire primarily based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent, for 320 years (1206–1526).

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Delhi Sultanate

Devanagari

Devanagari (देवनागरी) is an Indic script used in the northern Indian subcontinent. Hindi–Urdu controversy and Devanagari are Hindi.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Devanagari

Dialect

Dialect (from Latin,, from the Ancient Greek word, 'discourse', from, 'through' and, 'I speak') refers to two distinctly different types of linguistic relationships.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Dialect

Digraphia

In sociolinguistics, digraphia refers to the use of more than one writing system for the same language.

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Dravidian languages

The Dravidian languages (sometimes called Dravidic) are a family of languages spoken by 250 million people, mainly in southern India, north-east Sri Lanka, and south-west Pakistan, with pockets elsewhere in South Asia.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Dravidian languages

English language

English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain.

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Gurmukhi

Gurmukhī (ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ,, Shahmukhi: گُرمُکھی|rtl.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Gurmukhi

Hindi

Modern Standard Hindi (आधुनिक मानक हिन्दी, Ādhunik Mānak Hindī), commonly referred to as Hindi, is the standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in Devanagari script. Hindi–Urdu controversy and Hindi are Hindustani language.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Hindi

Hindi in Pakistan

Modern Standard '''Hindi''' is mutually intelligible with Urdu, the national and official language of Pakistan. Hindi–Urdu controversy and Hindi in Pakistan are Hindi and India–Pakistan relations.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Hindi in Pakistan

Hindustan

Hindūstān is a name for India, broadly referring to the entirety or northern half of the Indian subcontinent.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Hindustan

Hindustani language

Hindustani is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in North India, Pakistan and the Deccan and used as the official language of India and Pakistan. Hindustani is a pluricentric language with two standard registers, known as Hindi (written in Devanagari script and influenced by Sanskrit) and Urdu (written in Perso-Arabic script and influenced by Persian and Arabic).

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Hindustani language

Hindutva boycott of Hindi films

Several boycotts have been started against Hindi films by Hindu nationalists in recent years, with the term Urduwood being used to characterise the Hindi-language Bollywood film industry as a Muslim-dominated, anti-Hindu industry which favours the use of Urdu over Hindi. Hindi–Urdu controversy and Hindutva boycott of Hindi films are Hindustani language.

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History of Hindustani language

Hindustani (Hindi: हिन्दुस्तानी, Urdu) or Colloquial Hindi (Hindi: बोलचाल हिन्दी, Urdu: بول چال ہندی) or Simplified Urdu (Hindi: आसान उर्दू, Urdu: آسان اردو) is one of the predominant languages of South Asia, with federal status in the republics of India and Pakistan in its standardized forms of Hindi and Urdu respectively. Hindi–Urdu controversy and History of Hindustani language are Hindi, Hindustani language and Urdu.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and History of Hindustani language

India

India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia.

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India Today

India Today is a weekly Indian English-language news magazine published by Living Media India Limited.

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Indian independence movement

The Indian Independence Movement was a series of historic events in South Asia with the ultimate aim of ending British colonial rule. Hindi–Urdu controversy and Indian independence movement are politics of British India.

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Indian National Congress

|position.

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Kaithi

Kaithi, also called Kayathi or Kayasthi, is a historical Brahmic script that was used widely in parts of Northern and Eastern India, primarily in the present-day states of Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand and Bihar.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Kaithi

Kauravi dialect

Kauravi (कौरवी, کَوروی), also known as Khaṛībolī, is a dialect of Hindustani descended from Shauraseni Prakrit that is mainly spoken in northwestern Uttar Pradesh, outside of Delhi.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Kauravi dialect

Languages with legal status in India

, 22 languages have been classified as recognised languages under the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Languages with legal status in India

Lingua franca

A lingua franca (for plurals see), also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vehicular language, or link language, is a language systematically used to make communication possible between groups of people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both of the speakers' native languages.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Lingua franca

Linguistic purism

Linguistic purism or linguistic protectionism is a concept having a dual notion with respect to foreign languages and with respect to the internal variants of a language (dialects) The first meaning is the historical trend of every language to conservate intact it's lexical structure of word families, in opposition to foreign influence which are considered contamination of purity.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Linguistic purism

Literary language

Literary language is the form (register) of a language used when writing in a formal, academic, or particularly polite tone; when speaking or writing in such a tone, it can also be known as formal language.

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Madan Mohan Malaviya

Madan Mohan Malaviya (25 December 1861 — 12 November 1946); born Madan Mohan Srivastava was an Indian scholar, educational reformer and politician notable for his role in the Indian independence movement.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Madan Mohan Malaviya

Madras Presidency

The Madras Presidency or Madras Province, officially called the Presidency of Fort St.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Madras Presidency

Mahatma Gandhi

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (ISO: Mōhanadāsa Karamacaṁda Gāṁdhī; 2 October 186930 January 1948) was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Mahatma Gandhi

Middle Indo-Aryan languages

The Middle Indo-Aryan languages (or Middle Indic languages, sometimes conflated with the Prakrits, which are a stage of Middle Indic) are a historical group of languages of the Indo-Aryan family.

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Mughal Empire

The Mughal Empire was an early modern empire in South Asia.

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Muslim nationalism in South Asia

From a historical perspective, Professor Ishtiaq Ahmed of the University of Stockholm and Professor Shamsul Islam of the University of Delhi classified the Muslims of the subcontinent into two categories during the era of the Indian independence movement: Indian nationalist Muslims (individuals who opposed the partition of India) and Indian Muslim nationalists (individuals who desired to create a separate country for Indian Muslims). Hindi–Urdu controversy and Muslim nationalism in South Asia are Pakistan Movement.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Muslim nationalism in South Asia

Nagari Pracharini Sabha

The Nagari Pracharini Sabha (Devanagari: नागरीप्रचारिणी सभा, Society for Promotion of Nagari), also known as Kashi Nagari Pracharini Sabha, was an organization founded in 1893 at the Queen's College, Varanasi for the promotion of the Devanagari script over the more common Kaithi script used for Hindi languages. Hindi–Urdu controversy and Nagari Pracharini Sabha are Hindi.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Nagari Pracharini Sabha

Nastaliq

Nastaliq, also romanized as Nastaʿlīq or Nastaleeq, is one of the main calligraphic hands used to write the Perso-Arabic script and it is used for some Indo-Iranian languages, predominantly Classical Persian, Kashmiri, Punjabi (Shahmukhi) and Urdu.

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National language

A national language is a language (or language variant, e.g. dialect) that has some connection—de facto or de jure—with a nation.

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Nāgarī script

The Nāgarī script or Northern Nagari is the ancestor of Devanagari, Nandinagari and other variants, and was first used to write Prakrit and Sanskrit.

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North India

North India, also called Northern India, is a geographical and broad cultural region comprising the northern part of India (or historically, the Indian subcontinent) wherein Indo-Aryans form the prominent majority population.

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North-Western Provinces

The North-Western Provinces was an administrative region in British India.

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Oudh State

The Oudh State (also Kingdom of Awadh, Kingdom of Oudh, Awadh Subah, Oudh Subah or Awadh State) was a Mughal subah, then an independent kingdom, and lastly a princely state in the Awadh region of North India until its annexation by the British in 1856.

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Pakistan

Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia.

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Paul Brass

Paul Richard Brass (November 8, 1936 – May 31, 2022) was an American political scientist known for his research on the politics of India.

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Persian and Urdu

The Persian language and Urdu have had an intricate relationship throughout the history of the latter. Hindi–Urdu controversy and Persian and Urdu are Hindustani language and Urdu.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Persian and Urdu

Persian language

Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (Fārsī|), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Persian language

Prakrit

Prakrit is a group of vernacular Middle Indo-Aryan languages that were used in the Indian subcontinent from around the 3rd century BCE to the 8th century CE.

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Prayagraj

Prayagraj (ISO), also known as Allahabad or Ilahabad, is a metropolis in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

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Premchand

Dhanpat Rai Srivastava (31 July 1880 – 8 October 1936), better known as Munshi Premchand based on his pen name Premchand, was an Indian writer famous for his modern Hindustani literature.

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Presidencies and provinces of British India

The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance on the Indian subcontinent.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Presidencies and provinces of British India

Raja Sivaprasad

Raja Śivaprasāda or Shivaprasad C.S.I Sitara-e-Hind ("Star of India") (3 February 1823 – 23 May 1895) was an Indian scholar, linguist and historian.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Raja Sivaprasad

Register (sociolinguistics)

In sociolinguistics, a register is a variety of language used for a particular purpose or particular communicative situation.

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Sanskrit

Sanskrit (attributively संस्कृत-,; nominally संस्कृतम्) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Sanskritisation (linguistics)

Sanskritisation is the process of introducing features from Sanskrit, such as vocabulary and grammar, into other languages.

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Shauraseni Prakrit

Shauraseni Prakrit (Śaurasenī Prākṛta) was a Middle Indo-Aryan language and a Dramatic Prakrit.

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South Asia

South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethnic-cultural terms.

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South India

South India, also known as Southern India or Peninsular India, is the southern part of the Deccan Peninsula in India encompassing the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Telangana as well as the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry, occupying 19.31% of India's area and 20% of India's population.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and South India

Sumit Sarkar

Sumit Sarkar (born 1939) is one of the foremost historians of modern India.

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SUNY Press

The State University of New York Press (more commonly referred to as the SUNY Press) is a university press affiliated with the State University of New York system.

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Syed Ahmad Khan

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (17 October 1817 – 27 March 1898), also spelled Sayyid Ahmad Khan, was a South Asian Muslim reformer, philosopher, and educationist in nineteenth-century British India. Hindi–Urdu controversy and Syed Ahmad Khan are Pakistan Movement.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Syed Ahmad Khan

Tamil language

Tamil (தமிழ்) is a Dravidian language natively spoken by the Tamil people of South Asia.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Tamil language

Turkic languages

The Turkic languages are a language family of more than 35 documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia from Eastern Europe and Southern Europe to Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia (Siberia), and West Asia.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Turkic languages

United Provinces of Agra and Oudh

The United Provinces of Agra and Oudh was a province of India under the British Raj, which existed from 22 March 1902 to 1937; the official name was shortened by the Government of India Act 1935 to United Provinces (UP), by which the province had been commonly known, and by which name it was also a province of independent India until 1950.

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University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC, UNC-Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Chapel Hill, or simply Carolina) is a public research university in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Urdu

Urdu (اُردُو) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia. Hindi–Urdu controversy and Urdu are Hindustani language.

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Urdu alphabet

The Urdu alphabet is the right-to-left alphabet used for writing Urdu.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Urdu alphabet

Urdu movement

The Urdu movement was a socio-political movement aimed at making Urdu (the standardized register of the Hindustani language), as the universal lingua-franca and symbol of the cultural and political identity of the Muslim communities of the Indian subcontinent during the British Raj. Hindi–Urdu controversy and Urdu movement are language conflict in India, Urdu and Urdu-language literary movements.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Urdu movement

Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh ('North Province') is a state in northern India.

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Varanasi

Varanasi (ISO:,; also Benares, Banaras or Kashi) is a city on the Ganges river in northern India that has a central place in the traditions of pilgrimage, death, and mourning in the Hindu world.

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Western Hindi languages

The Western Hindi languages, also known as Midland languages, are a branch of the Indo-Aryan language family spoken chiefly in Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh and Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh, in Northwest and Central India.

See Hindi–Urdu controversy and Western Hindi languages

See also

1867 in India

• 1867 Birthday Honours
• 1867 in India
• Andaman Islands expedition
• Hindi–Urdu controversy

Hindustani language

• -ji
• Andaman Creole Hindi
• Chhota haazri
• Fakir
• Hindi
• Hindi cinema
• Hindi–Urdu controversy
• Hindi–Urdu transliteration
• Hindustani declension
• Hindustani etymology
• Hindustani grammar
• Hindustani kinship terms
• Hindustani language
• Hindustani literature
• Hindustani numerals
• Hindustani orthography
• Hindustani phonology
• Hindustani verbs
• Hindustani vocabulary
• Hindutva boycott of Hindi films
• Hinglish
• History of Hindustani language
• Indian Signing System
• Judeo-Urdu
• Ka Karoon Sajni Aaye Na Baalam
• List of countries and territories where Hindustani is an official language
• Malhar (family of ragas)
• Pati (title)
• Persian and Urdu
• Phonological history of Hindustani
• Rekhta
• Riddles of Amir Khusrow
• S. H. Bihari
• Sansi language
• Sita Banbas
• Urdu
• Wallah

Language conflict in India

• 1994 anti-Urdu riots
• 2018 attacks on Hindi-speaking migrants in Gujarat
• Anti-Hindi agitation of 1937–1940
• Anti-Hindi agitations of Karnataka
• Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu
• Anti-Hindi agitations of West Bengal
• Bengali Language Movement (Barak Valley)
• Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum)
• Bengali language movements in India
• Gokak agitation
• Hindi imposition
• Hindi–Urdu controversy
• Kallakudi demonstration
• Konkani language agitation
• Language row and movement in Jharkhand
• Nepali language movement
• Punjabi Suba movement
• Rajasthani language movement
• Three-language formula
• Urdu movement

Muslim politics in India

• Abdul Rahman Khan Yousuf Khan
• All India Muslim Personal Law Board
• All India Muslim Personal Law Board (Jadeed)
• Azad Maidan riots
• Babajani Durrani
• Fouzia Khan
• Hindi–Urdu controversy
• Irfan ur Rahman Khan
• Isha Khan Choudhury
• Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum
• Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act 1986
• Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019
• Muslim Women Rights Day
• Nasimuddin Siddiqui
• Sachar Committee
• Tamil Nadu Muslim Munnetra Kazhagam
• Telangana State Wakf Board
• Votebank

Politics of British India

• Abdul Aziz Khan Kaka
• Anjuman-e-Ittehad-e-Balochan-wa-Balochistan
• Anjuman-i-Watan Baluchistan
• Freedom of the press in British India
• Hindi–Urdu controversy
• Indian Liberal Party
• Indian independence movement
• Legislatures of British India
• Pakistan Movement
• Supreme Council of Bengal
• United Bengal

Urdu

• 1994 anti-Urdu riots
• Akhlaq-e-Hindi
• Bible translations into Hindi and Urdu
• Dialects of Urdu
• Ezāfe
• Glossary of the British Raj
• Haryana Urdu Akademi
• Hindi–Urdu controversy
• Hindi–Urdu transliteration
• Hindustani declension
• Hindustani grammar
• Hindustani orthography
• Hindustani phonology
• Hindustani vocabulary
• History of Hindustani language
• Insha Allah Khan
• International Urdu Conference
• Islam in Uttar Pradesh
• List of Marsiya writers in Urdu
• List of Urdu prose dastans
• List of Urdu universities
• Lutfuddaulah Oriental Research Institute
• Mohmil
• Mohri Sharif
• National Language Promotion Department
• Persian and Urdu
• Phonological history of Hindustani
• Sara Rai
• Save Urdu Movement
• Silent vāv
• Tuzk
• Uddin and Begum Hindustani romanisation
• Urdish
• Urdu
• Urdu Defence Association
• Urdu Dictionary Board
• Urdu Hall
• Urdu in the United Kingdom
• Urdu movement
• Urdu script
• Urdu-language literature
• Urdu-speaking people
• World Urdu Day

Urdu-language literary movements

• Halqa-e Arbab-e Zauq
• Hindi–Urdu controversy
• Progressive Writers' Movement
• Urdu movement

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi–Urdu_controversy

Also known as Hindi Urdu controversy, Hindi language movement, Hindi-Urdu controversy of 1876, Hindu-Urdu controversy, Urdu-Hindi controversy.

, North-Western Provinces, Oudh State, Pakistan, Paul Brass, Persian and Urdu, Persian language, Prakrit, Prayagraj, Premchand, Presidencies and provinces of British India, Raja Sivaprasad, Register (sociolinguistics), Sanskrit, Sanskritisation (linguistics), Shauraseni Prakrit, South Asia, South India, Sumit Sarkar, SUNY Press, Syed Ahmad Khan, Tamil language, Turkic languages, United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Urdu, Urdu alphabet, Urdu movement, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, Western Hindi languages.