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Hispanos of New Mexico, the Glossary

223 relations: Abraham Lincoln, Adelina Otero-Warren, Agueda Salazar Martinez, Albuquerque Basin, Albuquerque metropolitan area, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Alta California, American Civil War, American English, Americana (culture), Angelico Chavez, Anglo, Antonio D. Archuleta, Antonio José Martínez, Anusim, Apache, Apacheria, Archuleta County, Colorado, Arizona, Ashkenazi Jews, Associated Press, Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, Aurelio Macedonio Espinosa Jr., Aurelio Macedonio Espinosa Sr., Baca family of New Mexico, Bartolomé Baca, Bataan Death March, Battle of Glorieta Pass, Ben Ray Luján, Bennett Greenspan, Bernardo de Miera y Pacheco, Bernardo López de Mendizábal, Caló (Chicano), California, Californios, Casimiro Barela, Casta, Catholic Church, Centralist Republic of Mexico, Chicano, Chimayo, New Mexico, Coahuila, Colorado, Comanche, Comancheria, Commandant-general, Compromise of 1850, Conejos County, Colorado, Confederate Arizona, Confederate States of America, ... Expand index (173 more) »
Hispanic and Latino American culture in New Mexico
Hispanos
Neomexicanos
People of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico
People of the colonial Southwest of North America

Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician, and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865.

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Adelina Otero-Warren

María Adelina Isabel Emilia "Nina" Otero-Warren (October 23, 1881 – January 3, 1965) was an American woman's suffragist, educator, and politician.

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Agueda Salazar Martinez

Agueda Salazar Martínez (March 13, 1898 – June 6, 2000), also known as "Doña Agueda," was an American artist, noted for her Chimayó-style woven rugs and blankets.

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Albuquerque Basin

The Albuquerque Basin (or Middle Rio Grande Basin) is a structural basin and ecoregion within the Rio Grande rift in central New Mexico.

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Albuquerque metropolitan area

The Albuquerque Metropolitan Statistical Area, sometimes referred to as Tiguex (named after the Southern Tiwa), is a metropolitan area in central New Mexico centered on the city of Albuquerque.

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Albuquerque, New Mexico

Albuquerque, also known as ABQ, Burque, and the Duke City, is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Mexico.

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Alta California

Alta California ('Upper California'), also known as Nueva California ('New California') among other names, was a province of New Spain formally established in 1804.

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The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), which was formed in 1861 by states that had seceded from the Union.

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American English

American English (AmE), sometimes called United States English or U.S. English, is the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States.

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Americana (culture)

Americana artifacts are related to the history, geography, folklore, and cultural heritage of the United States of America.

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Angelico Chavez

Angelico Chavez, O.F.M. (April 10, 1910 – March 18, 1996), was a Hispanic American Friar Minor, priest, historian, author, poet and painter. Hispanos of New Mexico and Angelico Chavez are neomexicanos.

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Anglo

Anglo is a prefix indicating a relation to, or descent from England, English culture, the English people or the English language, such as in the term Anglosphere.

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Antonio D. Archuleta

Antonio Don Archuleta (1855 &ndash) was a member of the Colorado Senate and the namesake of Archuleta County; he was influential in its formation. Hispanos of New Mexico and Antonio D. Archuleta are neomexicanos.

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Antonio José Martínez

Antonio José Martínez (January 17, 1793 – July 27, 1867) was a New Mexican priest, educator, publisher, rancher, farmer, community leader, and politician. Hispanos of New Mexico and Antonio José Martínez are neomexicanos and people of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico.

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Anusim

Anusim (אֲנוּסִים,; singular male, anús, אָנוּס; singular female, anusáh,, meaning "coerced") is a legal category of Jews in halakha (Jewish law) who were forced to abandon Judaism against their will, typically while forcibly converted to another religion.

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Apache

The Apache are several Southern Athabaskan language–speaking peoples of the Southwest, the Southern Plains and Northern Mexico.

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Apacheria

Apachería was the term used to designate the region inhabited by the Apache people.

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Archuleta County, Colorado

Archuleta County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado.

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Arizona

Arizona (Hoozdo Hahoodzo; Alĭ ṣonak) is a landlocked state in the Southwestern region of the United States.

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Ashkenazi Jews

Ashkenazi Jews (translit,; Ashkenazishe Yidn), also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim, constitute a Jewish diaspora population that emerged in the Holy Roman Empire around the end of the first millennium CE. They traditionally spoke Yiddish and largely migrated towards northern and eastern Europe during the late Middle Ages due to persecution.

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Associated Press

The Associated Press (AP) is an American not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.

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Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway

The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, often referred to as the Santa Fe or AT&SF, was one of the largest Class 1 railroads in the United States between 1859 and 1996.

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Aurelio Macedonio Espinosa Jr.

Aurelio Macedonio Espinosa Jr. (May 3, 1907 – July 4, 2004) was a professor at Stanford University and an expert on Spanish linguistics, focusing on Spanish American folklore. Hispanos of New Mexico and Aurelio Macedonio Espinosa Jr. are neomexicanos.

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Aurelio Macedonio Espinosa Sr.

Aurelio Macedonio Espinosa Sr. (1880–1958), a professor at Stanford University, was an internationally known scholar because of his studies in Spanish and Spanish American folklore and philology. Hispanos of New Mexico and Aurelio Macedonio Espinosa Sr. are neomexicanos.

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Baca family of New Mexico

The progenitors of the Baca family of New Mexico were Cristóbal Baca (Vaca) and his wife Ana Ortiz. Hispanos of New Mexico and Baca family of New Mexico are people of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico.

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Bartolomé Baca

Bartolomé Baca (c. 1767 – 30 April 1834) was Governor of the territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo México (New Mexico) from August 1823 until September 1825.

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Bataan Death March

The Bataan Death March was the forcible transfer by the Imperial Japanese Army of 75,000 American and Filipino prisoners of war (POW) from the municipalities of Bagac and Mariveles on the Bataan Peninsula to Camp O'Donnell via San Fernando.

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Battle of Glorieta Pass

The Battle of Glorieta Pass was fought March 26–28, 1862 in the northern New Mexico Territory, by Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War.

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Ben Ray Luján

Ben Ray Luján (born June 7, 1972) is an American politician who has served as the junior United States senator from New Mexico since 2021.

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Bennett Greenspan

Bennett C. Greenspan (born 1952) is an American businessman.

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Bernardo de Miera y Pacheco

Bernardo de Miera y Pacheco (4 August 1713 – 4 or 11 April 1785) was "perhaps the most prolific and important cartographer of New Spain" as well as an artist, particularly as a Santero (wood-carver of religious images). Hispanos of New Mexico and Bernardo de Miera y Pacheco are people of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico.

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Bernardo López de Mendizábal

Bernardo López de Mendizábal (1620 – September 16, 1664) was a Spanish politician, soldier, and religious scholar, who served as governor of New Mexico between 1659–1660 and as alcalde mayor in Guayacocotla (on the Sierra Madre Oriental, in modern Mexico).

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Caló (Chicano)

Caló (also known as Pachuco) is an argot or slang of Mexican Spanish that originated during the first half of the 20th century in the Southwestern United States.

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California

California is a state in the Western United States, lying on the American Pacific Coast.

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Californios

Californios (singular Californio) are Hispanic Californians, especially those descended from Spanish and Mexican settlers of the 17th through 19th centuries before California was annexed by the United States. Hispanos of New Mexico and Californios are hispanos and people of the colonial Southwest of North America.

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Casimiro Barela

Casimiro Barela (March 4, 1847 – December 18, 1920) was an American politician responsible for authoring the Constitution of Colorado. Hispanos of New Mexico and Casimiro Barela are neomexicanos.

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Casta

Casta is a term which means "lineage" in Spanish and Portuguese and has historically been used as a racial and social identifier.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

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Centralist Republic of Mexico

The Centralist Republic of Mexico (República Centralista de México), or in the anglophone scholarship, the Central Republic, officially the Mexican Republic (República Mexicana), was a unitary political regime established in Mexico on 23 October 1835, under a new constitution known as the Siete Leyes after conservatives repealed the federalist Constitution of 1824 and ended the First Mexican Republic.

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Chicano

Chicano (masculine form) or Chicana (feminine form) is an ethnic identity for Mexican Americans who have a non-Anglo self-image, embracing their Mexican Native ancestry.

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Chimayo, New Mexico

Chimayo is a census-designated place (CDP) in Rio Arriba and Santa Fe counties in the U.S. state of New Mexico.

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Coahuila

Coahuila, formally Coahuila de Zaragoza (Lipan: Nacika), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Coahuila de Zaragoza (Estado Libre y Soberano de Coahuila de Zaragoza), is one of the 32 states of Mexico.

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Colorado

Colorado (other variants) is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States.

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Comanche

The Comanche or Nʉmʉnʉʉ (Nʉmʉnʉʉ, "the people") is a Native American tribe from the Southern Plains of the present-day United States.

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Comancheria

The Comancheria or Comanchería (Comanche: Nʉmʉnʉʉ Sookobitʉ, 'Comanche land') was a region of New Mexico, west Texas and nearby areas occupied by the Comanche before the 1860s.

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Commandant-general

Commandant-general is a military rank in several countries and is generally equivalent to that of major-general.

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Compromise of 1850

The Compromise of 1850 was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850 that temporarily defused tensions between slave and free states in the years leading up to the American Civil War.

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Conejos County, Colorado

Conejos County is a county located in the U.S. state of Colorado.

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Confederate Arizona

Arizona Territory, colloquially referred to as Confederate Arizona, was an organized incorporated territory of the Confederate States of America that existed from August 1, 1861, to May 26, 1865, when the Confederate States Army Trans-Mississippi Department, commanded by General Edmund Kirby Smith, surrendered at Shreveport, Louisiana.

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Confederate States of America

The Confederate States of America (CSA), commonly referred to as the Confederate States (C.S.), the Confederacy, or the South, was an unrecognized breakaway republic in the Southern United States that existed from February 8, 1861, to May 9, 1865.

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Cruising (driving)

Cruising is a social activity that primarily consists of driving a car.

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Crypto-Judaism

Crypto-Judaism is the secret adherence to Judaism while publicly professing to be of another faith; practitioners are referred to as "crypto-Jews" (origin from Greek kryptos – κρυπτός, 'hidden').

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Cuisine of the Southwestern United States

The cuisine of the Southwestern United States is food styled after the rustic cooking of the Southwestern United States.

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Demi Lovato

Demetria Devonne "Demi" Lovato (born August 20, 1992) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress.

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Dennis Chávez

Dionisio "Dennis" Chávez (April 8, 1888November 18, 1962) was an American politician who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1931 to 1935, and in the United States Senate from 1935 to 1962. Hispanos of New Mexico and Dennis Chávez are people of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico.

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Diego Archuleta

Brigadier General Diego Archuleta (March 27, 1814 – 1884), was a member of the Mexican Congress.

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Diego de Vargas

Diego de Vargas Zapata y Luján Ponce de León y Contreras (1643–1704), commonly known as Don Diego de Vargas, was a Spanish Governor of the New Spain territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo México (currently covering the modern US states of New Mexico and Arizona).

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Dolores Huerta

Dolores Clara Fernández Huerta (born April 10, 1930) is an American labor leader and civil rights activist who, with Cesar Chavez, is a co-founder of the United Farmworkers Association, which later merged with the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee to become the United Farm Workers (UFW).

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Edward L. Romero

Edward L. Romero (also Romæro, born January 2, 1934) is an American entrepreneur, activist and former diplomat. Hispanos of New Mexico and Edward L. Romero are neomexicanos.

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Edward R. Roybal

Edward Ross Roybal (February 10, 1916 – October 24, 2005) was a Mexican-American politician. Hispanos of New Mexico and Edward R. Roybal are neomexicanos.

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El Paso, Texas

El Paso is a city in and the county seat of El Paso County, Texas, United States.

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English-speaking world

The English-speaking world comprises the 88 countries and territories in which English is an official, administrative, or cultural language.

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Española, New Mexico

Española is a city primarily in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, United States.

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Exit poll

An election exit poll is a poll of voters taken immediately after they have exited the polling stations.

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Ezequiel Cabeza De Baca

Ezequiel Cabeza De Baca (November 1, 1864 – February 18, 1917) was the first Hispano elected for office as lieutenant governor in New Mexico's first election. Hispanos of New Mexico and Ezequiel Cabeza De Baca are neomexicanos.

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Family Tree DNA

FamilyTreeDNA is a division of Gene by Gene, a commercial genetic testing company based in Houston, Texas.

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First Mexican Empire

The Mexican Empire (Imperio Mexicano) was a constitutional monarchy, the first independent government of Mexico and the only former viceroyalty of the Spanish Empire to establish a monarchy after independence.

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First Mexican Republic

The First Mexican Republic, known also as the First Federal Republic (Primera República Federal), existed from 1824 to 1835.

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Floridanos

Floridanos (Floridians) is a term for colonial residents of the Spanish settlements in St. Hispanos of New Mexico and Floridanos are hispanos.

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Francisco Antonio Manzanares

Francisco Antonio Manzanares (January 25, 1843 – September 17, 1904) was an American businessman and politician. Hispanos of New Mexico and Francisco Antonio Manzanares are neomexicanos.

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Francisco Perea

Francisco Perea (January 9, 1830 – May 21, 1913) was an American businessman and politician, serving first in the House of the New Mexico Territory after the area's acquisition by the United States following the Mexican–American War. Hispanos of New Mexico and Francisco Perea are neomexicanos.

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Francisco Xavier Chávez

Francisco Xavier Chávez (sometimes spelt as Francisco Xavier Chaves) was a Mexican landowner and merchant who was the second jefe político (equivalent to governor) of the territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo México after Mexico gained its independence from Spain in 1822.

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GEDmatch

GEDmatch is an online service to compare autosomal DNA data files from different testing companies.

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Genízaro

Genízaros (or Genizaros) was the name for detribalized Native Americans (Indians) from the 17th to 19th century in the Spanish colony of New Mexico and neighboring regions of the American southwest. Hispanos of New Mexico and Genízaro are neomexicanos.

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Genealogical DNA test

A genealogical DNA test is a DNA-based genetic test used in genetic genealogy that looks at specific locations of a person's genome in order to find or verify ancestral genealogical relationships, or (with lower reliability) to estimate the ethnic mixture of an individual.

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Genome

In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism.

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Handbook of Texas

The Handbook of Texas is a comprehensive encyclopedia of geography, history, and historical persons of Texas, United States, published by the Texas State Historical Association (TSHA).

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Headgear

Headgear, headwear, or headdress is any element of clothing which is worn on one's head, including hats, helmets, turbans and many other types.

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Henry Cisneros

Henry Gabriel Cisneros (born June 11, 1947) is an American politician and businessman.

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Hispanic

The term Hispanic (hispano) refers to people, cultures, or countries related to Spain, the Spanish language, or Hispanidad broadly.

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Hispanic and Latino Americans

Hispanic and Latino Americans (Estadounidenses hispanos y latinos; Estadunidenses hispânicos e latinos) are Americans of full or partial Spanish and/or Latin American background, culture, or family origin.

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Hispanics and Latinos in New Mexico

Hispanic and Latino New Mexicans are residents of the state of New Mexico who are of Hispanic or Latino ancestry. Hispanos of New Mexico and Hispanics and Latinos in New Mexico are Hispanic and Latino American culture in New Mexico.

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Hispanophone

Hispanophone refers to anything related to the Spanish language.

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Hispanos of New Mexico

The Hispanos of New Mexico, also known as Neomexicanos (Neomexicano) or Nuevomexicanos, are Hispanic residents originating in the historical region of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, today the US state of New Mexico (Nuevo México), southern Colorado, and other parts of the Southwestern United States including Arizona, Nevada, Texas, and Utah. Hispanos of New Mexico and Hispanos of New Mexico are Hispanic and Latino American culture in New Mexico, hispanos, neomexicanos, people of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico and people of the colonial Southwest of North America.

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History of New Mexico

The history of New Mexico is based on archaeological evidence, attesting to the varying cultures of humans occupying the area of New Mexico since approximately 9200 BCE, and written records.

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Homestead Acts

The Homestead Acts were several laws in the United States by which an applicant could acquire ownership of government land or the public domain, typically called a homestead.

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Identity by descent

A DNA segment is identical by state (IBS) in two or more individuals if they have identical nucleotide sequences in this segment.

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Indigenous Mexican Americans

Indigenous Mexican Americans or Mexican American Indians are American citizens who culturally identify with the Indigenous peoples of Mexico.

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Indigenous peoples of Mexico

Indigenous peoples of Mexico (gente indígena de México, pueblos indígenas de México), Native Mexicans (nativos mexicanos) or Mexican Native Americans (lit), are those who are part of communities that trace their roots back to populations and communities that existed in what is now Mexico before the arrival of Europeans.

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Indigenous peoples of the North American Southwest

The Indigenous peoples of the North American Southwest are those in the current states of Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Nevada in the western United States, and the states of Sonora and Chihuahua in northern Mexico.

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Intimidation

Intimidation is a behaviour and legal wrong which usually involves deterring or coercing an individual by threat of violence.

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Isleños (Louisiana)

Isleños (Islingues) are a Spanish ethnic group living in the state of Louisiana in the United States, consisting of people primarily from the Canary Islands.

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Jemez language

Jemez (also Towa) is a Kiowa-Tanoan language spoken by the Jemez Pueblo people in New Mexico.

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Jemez Mountains

The Jemez Mountains (Tewa: Tsąmpiye'ip'įn, Navajo: Dził Łizhinii) are a group of mountains in Rio Arriba, Sandoval, and Los Alamos counties, New Mexico, United States.

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Jews

The Jews (יְהוּדִים) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites of the ancient Near East, and whose traditional religion is Judaism.

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Jicarilla language

Jicarilla (Abáachi mizaa) is an Eastern Southern Athabaskan language spoken by the Jicarilla Apache.

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Joe Biden

Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. (born November 20, 1942) is an American politician who is the 46th and current president of the United States since 2021.

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John Salazar

John Tony Salazar (born July 21, 1953) is an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for from 2005 until 2011.

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José Francisco Chaves

José Francisco Chaves (June 27, 1833 – November 26, 1904) was a nineteenth-century military leader, politician, lawyer and rancher from the New Mexico Territory.

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José Manuel Gallegos

José Manuel Gallegos (October 30, 1815 – April 21, 1875) was a delegate to the U.S. Congress from the Territory of New Mexico. Hispanos of New Mexico and José Manuel Gallegos are neomexicanos.

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Joseph Montoya

Joseph Manuel Montoya (September 24, 1915June 5, 1978) was an American politician and member of the Democratic Party who served as the lieutenant governor of New Mexico (1947–1951 and 1955–1957), in the U.S. House of Representatives (1957–1964) and as a U.S. senator from New Mexico (1964–1977). Hispanos of New Mexico and Joseph Montoya are neomexicanos.

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Juan Bautista Rael

Juan Bautista Rael (August 14, 1900 – November 8, 1993) was an American ethnographer, linguist, and folklorist who was a pioneer in the study of the people, stories, and language of Northern New Mexico and southern Colorado in the Southwestern United States. Hispanos of New Mexico and Juan Bautista Rael are neomexicanos.

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Juan Bautista Vigil y Alarid

Juan Bautista Vigil y Alarid (1792–1866) was acting Governor of New Mexico in 1846 during the period when the United States consolidated military rule over the former territory of Mexico following the Mexican–American War.

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Juan de Oñate

Juan de Oñate y Salazar (1550–1626) was a Spanish conquistador from New Spain, explorer, and colonial governor of the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México in the viceroyalty of New Spain.

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Juan Domínguez de Mendoza

Juan Domínguez de Mendoza (born 1631) was a Spanish soldier who played an important role in suppressing the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 and who made two major expeditions from New Mexico into Texas.

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Julián A. Chávez

Julián Antonio Chávez (January 7, 1808 – July 25, 1879) was a Hispano-Californio ranchero, landowner and public official in 19th-century Los Angeles, California. Hispanos of New Mexico and Julián A. Chávez are people of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico.

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Jury duty

Jury duty or jury service is a service as a juror in a legal proceeding.

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Ken Salazar

Kenneth Lee Salazar (born March 2, 1955) is an American lawyer, politician, and diplomat who is the United States ambassador to Mexico.

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Keres language

Keres, also Keresan, is a Native American language, spoken by the Keres Pueblo people in New Mexico.

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Keresan Sign Language

Keresan Sign Language, also known as Keresan Pueblo Indian Sign Language (KPISL) or Keresign, is a village sign language spoken by many of the inhabitants of a Keresan pueblo with a relatively high incidence of congenital deafness (the pueblo is not identified in sources, but the cited population suggests it is Zia Pueblo, New Mexico).

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Languages of Mexico

The Constitution of Mexico does not declare an official language; however, Spanish is the de facto national language spoken by over 99% of the population making it the largest Spanish speaking country in the world.

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Las Gorras Blancas

Las Gorras Blancas (Spanish for "The White Caps") was a group active in the New Mexico Territory and American Southwest in the late 1880s and early 1890s, in response to Anglo-American squatters. Hispanos of New Mexico and las Gorras Blancas are neomexicanos.

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Linda Chavez

Linda Lou ChavezStated on Finding Your Roots with Henry Louis Gates, Jr., May 20, 2012, PBS (born June 17, 1947) is an American author, commentator, and radio talk show host. Hispanos of New Mexico and Linda Chavez are neomexicanos.

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List of Mexican governors of New Mexico

Mexican governors of New Mexico were the political chief executives of the province and later territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo México (New Mexico) between 1822, when Mexico gained independence from Spain, and 1846, when the United States occupied the territory following the Mexican–American War.

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List of Spanish governors of New Mexico

Spanish Governors of New Mexico were the political chief executives of the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México (New Mexico) between 1598, when it was established by an expedition by Juan de Oñate, and 1822, following Mexico's declaration of independence.

See Hispanos of New Mexico and List of Spanish governors of New Mexico

Los Alamos, New Mexico

Los Alamos (Los Álamos, meaning The Cottonwoods) is a census-designated place in Los Alamos County, New Mexico, United States, that is recognized as one of the development and creation places of the atomic bomb—the primary objective of the Manhattan Project by Los Alamos National Laboratory during World War II.

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Louisiana Creole people

Louisiana Creoles (Créoles de la Louisiane, Moun Kréyòl la Lwizyàn, Criollos de Luisiana) are a Louisiana French ethnic group descended from the inhabitants of colonial Louisiana before it became a part of the United States during the period of both French and Spanish rule.

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Manhattan Project

The Manhattan Project was a research and development program undertaken during World War II to produce the first nuclear weapons.

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Manuel Antonio Chaves

Manuel Antonio Chaves or Chávez (October 18, 1818? – January, 1889), known as El Leoncito (the little lion), was a soldier in the Mexican Army and then became a rancher who lived in New Mexico. Hispanos of New Mexico and Manuel Antonio Chaves are people of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico.

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Manuel Armijo

Manuel Armijo (– 1853) was a New Mexican soldier and statesman who served three times as governor of New Mexico between 1827 and 1846.

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Manuel de Sandoval

Manuel de Sandoval was a prominent Neomexican soldier who served as governor of Coahuila (1729–1733) and Texas (1734–1736).

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Manuel Lujan Jr.

Manuel Archibald Lujan Jr. (May 12, 1928 – April 25, 2019) was an American politician from New Mexico who sat in the U.S. House of Representatives as a Republican from 1969 to 1989 and was the United States secretary of the interior from 1989 to 1993.

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María Dolores Gonzales (born 1946) is a Mexican-American author and educator, and advocate for bilingual education in the US.

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María Dolores Gonzáles (educator)

María Dolores Gonzáles (1917-1975), known more popularly by her middle name Dolores, was an educator in New Mexico who was on the forefront of bilingual educator for Spanish language education programs. She was called "La Doctora" after receiving her PhD.

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Mariano S. Otero

Mariano Sabino Otero (August 29, 1844 – February 1, 1904) was a Congressional delegate from the Territory of New Mexico, nephew of Miguel Antonio Otero (I) and cousin of Miguel Antonio Otero (II). Born in Peralta, New Mexico, Otero attended private and parochial schools and Saint Louis University. Hispanos of New Mexico and Mariano S. Otero are neomexicanos and people of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico.

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Mescalero-Chiricahua language

Mescalero-Chiricahua (also known as Chiricahua Apache) is a Southern Athabaskan language spoken by the Chiricahua and Mescalero people in Chihuahua and Sonora, México and in Oklahoma and New Mexico.

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Mesilla Valley

The Mesilla Valley is a geographic feature of Southern New Mexico and far West Texas.

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Mesoamerica

Mesoamerica is a historical region and cultural area that begins in the southern part of North America and extends to the Pacific coast of Central America, thus comprising the lands of central and southern Mexico, all of Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, and parts of Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica.

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Mexican Americans

Mexican Americans (mexicano-estadounidenses, mexico-americanos, or estadounidenses de origen mexicano) are Americans of Mexican heritage.

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Mexican Cession

The Mexican Cession (Cesión mexicana) is the region in the modern-day western United States that Mexico previously controlled, then ceded to the United States in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 after the Mexican–American War.

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Mexican Revolution

The Mexican Revolution (Revolución Mexicana) was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from 20 November 1910 to 1 December 1920.

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Mexican–American War

The Mexican–American War, also known in the United States as the Mexican War, and in Mexico as the United States intervention in Mexico, was an invasion of Mexico by the United States Army from 1846 to 1848.

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Mexicans

Mexicans (Mexicanos) are the citizens and nationals of the United Mexican States.

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Michelle Lujan Grisham

Michelle Lujan Grisham (born October 24, 1959) is an American lawyer and politician serving since 2019 as the 32nd governor of New Mexico.

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Miguel Antonio Otero (born 1829)

Miguel Antonio Otero (June 21, 1829 – May 30, 1882) was a prominent American politician of the New Mexico Territory and instrumental in the economic development of the territory. Hispanos of New Mexico and Miguel Antonio Otero (born 1829) are neomexicanos and people of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico.

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Miguel Antonio Otero (born 1859)

Miguel Antonio Otero II (October 17, 1859 – August 7, 1944) was an American politician, businessman, and author who served as the 16th Governor of New Mexico Territory from 1897 to 1906. Hispanos of New Mexico and Miguel Antonio Otero (born 1859) are neomexicanos.

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Militia

A militia is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional or part-time soldiers; citizens of a country, or subjects of a state, who may perform military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of regular, full-time military personnel; or, historically, to members of a warrior-nobility class (e.g.

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Mimbres River

The Mimbres is a river in southwestern New Mexico.

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Mogollon Mountains

The Mogollon Mountains or Mogollon Range are a mountain range in Grant County and Catron County of southwestern New Mexico, in the Southwestern United States.

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Moors

The term Moor is an exonym first used by Christian Europeans to designate the Muslim populations of the Maghreb, al-Andalus (Iberian Peninsula), Sicily and Malta during the Middle Ages.

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Moroccan Jews

Moroccan Jews (al-Yahūd al-Maghāriba Yehudim Maroka'im) are Jews who live in or are from Morocco.

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Multilingualism

Multilingualism is the use of more than one language, either by an individual speaker or by a group of speakers.

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Native Americans in the United States

Native Americans, sometimes called American Indians, First Americans, or Indigenous Americans, are the Indigenous peoples native to portions of the land that the United States is located on.

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Navajo

The Navajo are a Native American people of the Southwestern United States.

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Navajo language

Navajo or Navaho (Navajo: Diné bizaad or Naabeehó bizaad) is a Southern Athabaskan language of the Na-Dené family, as are other languages spoken across the western areas of North America.

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Navajo weaving

Navajo weaving (diyogí) are textiles produced by Navajo people, who are based near the Four Corners area of the United States.

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Nevada

Nevada is a landlocked state in the Western region of the United States.

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New Mexican cuisine

New Mexican cuisine is the cuisine of the Southwestern US state of New Mexico.

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New Mexican Spanish

New Mexican Spanish (español neomexicano) refers to the varieties of Spanish spoken in the United States in New Mexico and southern Colorado.

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New Mexico

New Mexico (Nuevo MéxicoIn Peninsular Spanish, a spelling variant, Méjico, is also used alongside México. According to the Diccionario panhispánico de dudas by Royal Spanish Academy and Association of Academies of the Spanish Language, the spelling version with J is correct; however, the spelling with X is recommended, as it is the one that is used in Mexican Spanish.; Yootó Hahoodzo) is a state in the Southwestern region of the United States.

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New Mexico – Mi Lindo Nuevo México

New Mexico – Mi Lindo Nuevo México is a song written and composed by Pablo Mares, which was adopted as the official bilingual song of New Mexico in 1995.

See Hispanos of New Mexico and New Mexico – Mi Lindo Nuevo México

New Mexico campaign

The New Mexico campaign was a military operation of the trans-Mississippi theater of the American Civil War from February to April 1862 in which Confederate Brigadier General Henry Hopkins Sibley invaded the northern New Mexico Territory in an attempt to gain control of the Southwest, including the gold fields of Colorado and the ports of California.

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New Mexico music

New Mexico music (música nuevo mexicana) is a genre of music that originated in the US state of New Mexico.

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New Mexico Territory

The Territory of New Mexico was an organized incorporated territory of the United States from September 9, 1850, until January 6, 1912.

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New Spain

New Spain, officially the Viceroyalty of New Spain (Virreinato de Nueva España; Nahuatl: Yankwik Kaxtillan Birreiyotl), originally the Kingdom of New Spain, was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain.

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Nicolás de Aguilar

Nicolás de Aguilar (born 1627; died 1666?) a mestizo, was a Spanish official in New Mexico. Hispanos of New Mexico and Nicolás de Aguilar are people of Santa Fe de Nuevo Mexico.

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North American Spanish

North-American Spanish (español norteamericano) is the name of the Spanish dialects spoken in North America, and includes.

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Northern New Mexico

Northern New Mexico in cultural terms usually refers to the area of heavy-Spanish settlement in the north-central part of New Mexico.

See Hispanos of New Mexico and Northern New Mexico

Oasisamerica

Oasisamerica is a cultural region of Indigenous peoples in North America.

See Hispanos of New Mexico and Oasisamerica

Ohkay Owingeh, New Mexico

Ohkay Owingeh (Ohkwee Ówîngeh), known by its Spanish name as San Juan Pueblo from 1589 to 2005, is a pueblo in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico.

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Old Town Albuquerque

Old Town is the historic original town site of Albuquerque, New Mexico, for the provincial kingdom of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, established in 1706 by New Mexico governor Francisco Cuervo y Valdés.

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Origins of New Mexico Families

Origins of New Mexico Families: A Genealogy of the Spanish Colonial Period by Fray Angélico Chávez is an important work on the genealogy of Spanish New Mexican families.

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Patriotism

Patriotism is the feeling of love, devotion, and a sense of attachment to a country or state.

See Hispanos of New Mexico and Patriotism

Pedro Perea

Pedro Perea (April 22, 1852 – January 11, 1906) was a sheep rancher, politician and banker in the Territory of New Mexico. Hispanos of New Mexico and Pedro Perea are neomexicanos.

See Hispanos of New Mexico and Pedro Perea

Peonage Act of 1867

The Peonage Abolition Act of 1867 was an Act passed by the U.S. Congress on March 2, 1867, that abolished peonage in the New Mexico Territory and elsewhere in the United States.

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Picuris language

Picuris (also Picurís) is a language of the Northern Tiwa branch of Tanoan spoken in Picuris Pueblo, New Mexico.

See Hispanos of New Mexico and Picuris language

Plains Indian Sign Language

Plains Indian Sign Language (PISL), also known as Hand Talk or Plains Sign Language, is an endangered language common to various Plains Nations across what is now central Canada, the central and western United States and northern Mexico.

See Hispanos of New Mexico and Plains Indian Sign Language

Polly Baca

Polly Baca (born February 13, 1941) is an American politician who served as Chair of the Democratic Caucus of the Colorado House of Representatives (1976–79), being the first woman to hold that office and the first Hispanic woman elected to the Colorado State Senate and in the House and Senate of a state Legislature. Hispanos of New Mexico and Polly Baca are neomexicanos.

See Hispanos of New Mexico and Polly Baca

Preterite

The preterite or preterit (abbreviated or) is a grammatical tense or verb form serving to denote events that took place or were completed in the past; in some languages, such as Spanish, French, and English, it is equivalent to the simple past tense.

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ProQuest

ProQuest LLC is an Ann Arbor, Michigan-based global information-content and technology company, founded in 1938 as University Microfilms by Eugene Power.

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Protestantism

Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes justification of sinners through faith alone, the teaching that salvation comes by unmerited divine grace, the priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice.

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Provincias Internas

The Provincias Internas, also known as the Comandancia y Capitanía General de las Provincias Internas (Commandancy and General Captaincy of the Internal Provinces), was an administrative district of the Spanish Empire created in 1776 to provide more autonomy for the frontier provinces of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, present-day northern Mexico and the Southwestern United States.

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Pueblo

Pueblo refers to the settlements and to the Native American tribes of the Pueblo peoples in the Southwestern United States, currently in New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas.

See Hispanos of New Mexico and Pueblo

Pueblo Revolt

The Pueblo Revolt of 1680, also known as Popé's Rebellion or Po'pay's Rebellion, was an uprising of most of the indigenous Pueblo people against the Spanish colonizers in the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, larger than present-day New Mexico.

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Puebloans

The Puebloans, or Pueblo peoples, are Native Americans in the Southwestern United States who share common agricultural, material, and religious practices.

See Hispanos of New Mexico and Puebloans

Raid (military)

Raiding, also known as depredation, is a military tactic or operational warfare "smash and grab" mission which has a specific purpose.

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Ranch

A ranch (from rancho/Mexican Spanish) is an area of land, including various structures, given primarily to ranching, the practice of raising grazing livestock such as cattle and sheep.

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Río Arriba Rebellion

The Río Arriba Rebellion, also known as the Chimayó Rebellion, was an 1837 Pueblo-Hispano popular revolt in New Mexico which succeeded in briefly placing José María González and Pablo Montoya as governor of Mexico's Santa Fe de Nuevo México territory.

See Hispanos of New Mexico and Río Arriba Rebellion

Republic of Texas

The Republic of Texas (República de Tejas), or simply Texas, was a breakaway state in North America that existed from March 2, 1836, to February 19, 1846.

See Hispanos of New Mexico and Republic of Texas

Rio Grande

The Rio Grande in the United States or the Río Bravo (del Norte) in Mexico, also known as P’osoge in Tewa and Tó Ba’áadi in Navajo, is one of the principal rivers (along with the Colorado River) in the southwestern United States and in northern Mexico.

See Hispanos of New Mexico and Rio Grande

Royal Audiencia of Guadalajara

The Real Audiencia of Guadalajara (or Real Audiencia de Nueva Galicia), was the highest tribunal of the Spanish crown in what is today northern Mexico and the southwestern United States in the Viceroyalty of New Spain.

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Rudolfo Anaya

Rudolfo Anaya (October 30, 1937June 28, 2020) was an American author.

See Hispanos of New Mexico and Rudolfo Anaya

San Felipe de Neri Church

San Felipe de Neri Church (Iglesia de San Felipe de Neri) is a historic Catholic church located on the north side of Old Town Plaza in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

See Hispanos of New Mexico and San Felipe de Neri Church

San Juan River (Colorado River tributary)

The San Juan River is a major tributary of the Colorado River in the Southwestern United States, providing the chief drainage for the Four Corners region of Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Arizona.

See Hispanos of New Mexico and San Juan River (Colorado River tributary)

Sandia–Manzano Mountains

The Sandia–Manzano Mountains are a substantial mountain area that defines the eastern edge of the middle Rio Grande Valley of central New Mexico.

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Sangre de Cristo Mountains

The Sangre de Cristo Mountains (Spanish for "Blood of Christ") are the southernmost subrange of the Rocky Mountains.

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Santa Fe de Nuevo México

Santa Fe de Nuevo México (Holy Faith of New Mexico; shortened as Nuevo México or Nuevo Méjico, and translated as New Mexico in English) was a province of the Spanish Empire and New Spain, and later a territory of independent Mexico.

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Santa Fe Ring

The Santa Fe Ring was an informal group of powerful politicians, attorneys, and land speculators in territorial New Mexico from 1865 until 1912.

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Santa Fe, New Mexico

Santa Fe is the capital of the U.S. state of New Mexico, and the county seat of Santa Fe County.

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Santiago Abréu

Santiago Abréu (died 8 August 1837) was governor of Santa Fe de Nuevo México (New Mexico) from 1832 to 1833.

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Serape

The sarape or jorongo is a long blanket-like shawl or cloak, often brightly colored and fringed at the ends, worn in Mexico, especially by men.

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Seville

Seville (Sevilla) is the capital and largest city of the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville.

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Southern Tiwa language

The Southern Tiwa language is a Tanoan language spoken at Sandia Pueblo and Isleta Pueblo in New Mexico and Ysleta del Sur in Texas.

See Hispanos of New Mexico and Southern Tiwa language

Southwestern United States

The Southwestern United States, also known as the American Southwest or simply the Southwest, is a geographic and cultural region of the United States that includes Arizona and New Mexico, along with adjacent portions of California, Colorado, Nevada, Oklahoma, Texas, and Utah.

See Hispanos of New Mexico and Southwestern United States

Spanglish

Spanglish (a portmanteau of the words "Spanish" and "English") is any language variety (such as a contact dialect, hybrid language, pidgin, or creole language) that results from conversationally combining Spanish and English.

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Spaniards

Spaniards, or Spanish people, are a people native to Spain.

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Spanish Americans

Spanish Americans (españoles estadounidenses, hispanoestadounidenses, or hispanonorteamericanos) are Americans whose ancestry originates wholly or partly from Spain.

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Spanish language in the United States

Spanish is the second most spoken language in the United States.

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Spanish–American War

The Spanish–American War (April 21 – December 10, 1898) began in the aftermath of the internal explosion of in Havana Harbor in Cuba, leading to United States intervention in the Cuban War of Independence.

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Squatting

Squatting is the action of occupying an abandoned or unoccupied area of land or a building, usually residential, that the squatter does not own, rent or otherwise have lawful permission to use.

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Syrian Jews

Syrian Jews (יהודי סוריה Yehudey Surya, الْيَهُود السُّورِيُّون al-Yahūd as-Sūriyyūn, colloquially called SYs in the United States) are Jews who live in the region of the modern state of Syria, and their descendants born outside Syria.

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Taos language

The Taos language of the Northern Tiwa branch of the Tanoan language family is spoken in Taos Pueblo, New Mexico.

See Hispanos of New Mexico and Taos language

Taos Revolt

The Taos Revolt was a popular insurrection in January 1847 by Hispano and Pueblo allies against the United States' occupation of present-day northern New Mexico during the Mexican–American War.

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Taos, New Mexico

Taos is a town in Taos County in the north-central region of New Mexico in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains.

See Hispanos of New Mexico and Taos, New Mexico

Tejanos

Tejanos are descendants of Texas Creoles and Mestizos who settled in Texas before its admission as an American state. Hispanos of New Mexico and Tejanos are hispanos.

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Tewa language

Tewa is a Tanoan language spoken by sevaral Pueblo nations in the Rio Grande valley in New Mexico north of Santa Fe, and in Arizona.

See Hispanos of New Mexico and Tewa language

Texas

Texas (Texas or Tejas) is the most populous state in the South Central region of the United States.

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Texas State Historical Association

The Texas State Historical Association (TSHA) is an American nonprofit educational and research organization dedicated to documenting the history of Texas.

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Texians

Texians were Anglo-American residents of Mexican Texas and, later, the Republic of Texas.

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Tranquilino Luna

Tranquilino Luna (February 25, 1849 – November 20, 1892) was a Delegate to the United States House of Representatives from the Territory of New Mexico. Hispanos of New Mexico and Tranquilino Luna are neomexicanos.

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Trans-Mississippi theater of the American Civil War

The trans-Mississippi theater of the American Civil War was the scene of the major military operations west of the Mississippi River.

See Hispanos of New Mexico and Trans-Mississippi theater of the American Civil War

Trinidad Romero

Trinidad Romero (June 15, 1835 – August 28, 1918) was an American politician and rancher who was the Delegate to United States Congress from the Territory of New Mexico. Hispanos of New Mexico and Trinidad Romero are neomexicanos.

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U.S. Route 66 in New Mexico

The historic U.S. Route 66 (US 66, Route 66) ran east–west across the central part of the state of New Mexico, along the path now taken by Interstate 40 (I-40).

See Hispanos of New Mexico and U.S. Route 66 in New Mexico

Union (American Civil War)

The Union, colloquially known as the North, refers to the states that remained loyal to the United States after eleven Southern slave states seceded to form the Confederate States of America (CSA), also known as the Confederacy or South, during the American Civil War.

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Utah

Utah is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States.

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Ute people

Ute are the indigenous, or Native American people, of the Ute tribe and culture among the Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin.

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Weaving

Weaving is a method of textile production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth.

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Western American English

Western American English (also known as Western U.S. English) is a variety of American English that largely unites the entire Western United States as a single dialect region, including the states of California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, New Mexico, Colorado, and Wyoming.

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Women's suffrage

Women's suffrage is the right of women to vote in elections.

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Y-chromosomal Aaron

Y-chromosomal Aaron is the name given to the hypothesized most recent common ancestor of the patrilineal Jewish priestly caste known as Kohanim (singular "Kohen", also spelled "Cohen").

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Zuni language

Zuni (also formerly Zuñi, endonym Shiwiʼma) is a language of the Zuni people, indigenous to western New Mexico and eastern Arizona in the United States.

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2010 United States census

The 2010 United States census was the 23rd United States census.

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2020 United States presidential election in New Mexico

The 2020 United States presidential election in New Mexico was held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020, as part of the 2020 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanos_of_New_Mexico

Also known as Hispanas in New Mexico, Hispanas of New Mexico, Hispanos, List of Neomexicanos, List of Nuevomexicanos, Mexican Americans in New Mexico, Mexican-Americans in New Mexico, Mexicans in New Mexico, Neomexican, Neomexicana, Neomexicanas, Neomexicano, Neomexicanos, Novomexicano, Novomexicanos, Nueva Mexicana, Nueva Mexicanas, Nuevamexicana, Nuevo Mexicanas, Nuevo Mexicanos, Nuevomexicanas, Nuevomexicano, Nuevomexicanos, Spaniards in New Mexico, Spanish Americans in New Mexico, Spanish in New Mexico, Spanish of New Mexico, Spanish-Americans in New Mexico.

, Cruising (driving), Crypto-Judaism, Cuisine of the Southwestern United States, Demi Lovato, Dennis Chávez, Diego Archuleta, Diego de Vargas, Dolores Huerta, Edward L. Romero, Edward R. Roybal, El Paso, Texas, English-speaking world, Española, New Mexico, Exit poll, Ezequiel Cabeza De Baca, Family Tree DNA, First Mexican Empire, First Mexican Republic, Floridanos, Francisco Antonio Manzanares, Francisco Perea, Francisco Xavier Chávez, GEDmatch, Genízaro, Genealogical DNA test, Genome, Handbook of Texas, Headgear, Henry Cisneros, Hispanic, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Hispanics and Latinos in New Mexico, Hispanophone, Hispanos of New Mexico, History of New Mexico, Homestead Acts, Identity by descent, Indigenous Mexican Americans, Indigenous peoples of Mexico, Indigenous peoples of the North American Southwest, Intimidation, Isleños (Louisiana), Jemez language, Jemez Mountains, Jews, Jicarilla language, Joe Biden, John Salazar, José Francisco Chaves, José Manuel Gallegos, Joseph Montoya, Juan Bautista Rael, Juan Bautista Vigil y Alarid, Juan de Oñate, Juan Domínguez de Mendoza, Julián A. Chávez, Jury duty, Ken Salazar, Keres language, Keresan Sign Language, Languages of Mexico, Las Gorras Blancas, Linda Chavez, List of Mexican governors of New Mexico, List of Spanish governors of New Mexico, Los Alamos, New Mexico, Louisiana Creole people, Manhattan Project, Manuel Antonio Chaves, Manuel Armijo, Manuel de Sandoval, Manuel Lujan Jr., María Dolores Gonzales (author), María Dolores Gonzáles (educator), Mariano S. Otero, Mescalero-Chiricahua language, Mesilla Valley, Mesoamerica, Mexican Americans, Mexican Cession, Mexican Revolution, Mexican–American War, Mexicans, Michelle Lujan Grisham, Miguel Antonio Otero (born 1829), Miguel Antonio Otero (born 1859), Militia, Mimbres River, Mogollon Mountains, Moors, Moroccan Jews, Multilingualism, Native Americans in the United States, Navajo, Navajo language, Navajo weaving, Nevada, New Mexican cuisine, New Mexican Spanish, New Mexico, New Mexico – Mi Lindo Nuevo México, New Mexico campaign, New Mexico music, New Mexico Territory, New Spain, Nicolás de Aguilar, North American Spanish, Northern New Mexico, Oasisamerica, Ohkay Owingeh, New Mexico, Old Town Albuquerque, Origins of New Mexico Families, Patriotism, Pedro Perea, Peonage Act of 1867, Picuris language, Plains Indian Sign Language, Polly Baca, Preterite, ProQuest, Protestantism, Provincias Internas, Pueblo, Pueblo Revolt, Puebloans, Raid (military), Ranch, Río Arriba Rebellion, Republic of Texas, Rio Grande, Royal Audiencia of Guadalajara, Rudolfo Anaya, San Felipe de Neri Church, San Juan River (Colorado River tributary), Sandia–Manzano Mountains, Sangre de Cristo Mountains, Santa Fe de Nuevo México, Santa Fe Ring, Santa Fe, New Mexico, Santiago Abréu, Serape, Seville, Southern Tiwa language, Southwestern United States, Spanglish, Spaniards, Spanish Americans, Spanish language in the United States, Spanish–American War, Squatting, Syrian Jews, Taos language, Taos Revolt, Taos, New Mexico, Tejanos, Tewa language, Texas, Texas State Historical Association, Texians, Tranquilino Luna, Trans-Mississippi theater of the American Civil War, Trinidad Romero, U.S. Route 66 in New Mexico, Union (American Civil War), Utah, Ute people, Weaving, Western American English, Women's suffrage, Y-chromosomal Aaron, Zuni language, 2010 United States census, 2020 United States presidential election in New Mexico.

Hispanos of New Mexico, the Glossary

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