History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 410 relations: Aberconwy Abbey, Aberdaron, Aberdyfi, Abergavenny, Abergwyngregyn, Aberystwyth, Abeyance, Achilles, Aeddan ap Blegywryd, Alan la Zouche (died 1270), Alexander I of Scotland, Anarawd ap Rhodri, Angevin Empire, Anglesey, Anglo-Normans, Anglo-Saxons, Annales Cambriae, Archbishop of York, Archenfield, Ardudwy, Arfon (cantref), Arllechwedd, Army, Arwystli, Asceticism, Ælfgar, Earl of Mercia, Bangor Cathedral, Bard, Basingwerk Abbey, Battle of Aberconwy, Battle of Anglesey Sound, Battle of Bron yr Erw, Battle of Bryn Derwin, Battle of Cadfan, Battle of Crogen, Battle of Crug Mawr, Battle of Ewloe, Battle of Lincoln (1141), Battle of Mynydd Carn, Battle of Rhyd Y Groes, Billingsley, Shropshire, Bishop of Bangor, Bishop of Llandaff, Bishop of St Asaph, Bishop of St Davids, Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, Brecknockshire, Brecon, Bristol, Brycheiniog, ... Expand index (360 more) »

2. High Middle Ages
3. History of Gwynedd
4. Kingdom of Gwynedd
5. National histories

Aberconwy Abbey

Aberconwy Abbey was a Cistercian foundation at Conwy, later transferred to Maenan near Llanrwst, and in the 13th century was the most important abbey in the north of Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Aberconwy Abbey

Aberdaron

Aberdaron is a community, electoral ward and former fishing village at the western tip of the Llŷn Peninsula in the Welsh county of Gwynedd.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Aberdaron

Aberdyfi

Aberdyfi, also known as Aberdovey, is a village and community in Gwynedd, Wales, located on the northern side of the estuary of the River Dyfi.

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Abergavenny

Abergavenny (Y Fenni, archaically Abergafenni meaning "mouth of the River Gavenny") is a market town and community in Monmouthshire, Wales.

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Abergwyngregyn

Abergwyngregyn is a village and community of historical note in Gwynedd, a county and principal area in Wales.

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Aberystwyth

Aberystwyth is a university and seaside town and a community in Ceredigion, Wales.

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Abeyance

Abeyance (from the Old French meaning "gaping") is a state of expectancy in respect of property, titles or office, when the right to them is not vested in any one person, but awaits the appearance or determination of the true owner.

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Achilles

In Greek mythology, Achilles or Achilleus (Achilleús) was a hero of the Trojan War who was known as being the greatest of all the Greek warriors.

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Aeddan ap Blegywryd

Aeddan ap Blegywryd (died 1018) was a King of Gwynedd in medieval Wales. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Aeddan ap Blegywryd are monarchs of Gwynedd.

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Alan la Zouche (died 1270)

Alan la Zouche (1205–1270) was an Anglo-Norman nobleman and soldier of Breton descent.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Alan la Zouche (died 1270)

Alexander I of Scotland

Alexander I (medieval Gaelic: Alaxandair mac Maíl Coluim; modern Gaelic: Alasdair mac Mhaol Chaluim; c. 1078 – 23 April 1124), posthumously nicknamed The Fierce, was the King of Alba (Scotland) from 1107 to his death.

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Anarawd ap Rhodri

Anarawd ap Rhodri was King of Gwynedd from 878 to 916. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Anarawd ap Rhodri are monarchs of Gwynedd.

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Angevin Empire

The term Angevin Empire (Empire Plantagenêt) describes the possessions held by the House of Plantagenet during the 12th and 13th centuries, when they ruled over an area covering roughly all of present-day England, half of France, and parts of Ireland and Wales, and had further influence over much of the remaining British Isles.

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Anglesey

Anglesey (Ynys Môn) is an island off the north-west coast of Wales.

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Anglo-Normans

The Anglo-Normans (Anglo-Normaunds, Engel-Norðmandisca) were the medieval ruling class in the Kingdom of England following the Norman Conquest.

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Anglo-Saxons

The Anglo-Saxons, the English or Saxons of Britain, were a cultural group who spoke Old English and inhabited much of what is now England and south-eastern Scotland in the Early Middle Ages.

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Annales Cambriae

The (Latin for Annals of Wales) is the title given to a complex of Latin chronicles compiled or derived from diverse sources at St David's in Dyfed, Wales.

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Archbishop of York

The archbishop of York is a senior bishop in the Church of England, second only to the archbishop of Canterbury.

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Archenfield

Archenfield (Old English: Ircingafeld, Middle English: "Irchenfield") is the historic English name for an area of southern and western Herefordshire in England.

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Ardudwy

Ardudwy is an area of Gwynedd in north-west Wales, lying between Tremadog Bay and the Rhinogydd.

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Arfon (cantref)

Arfon (or Arvon) was a mediaeval Welsh cantref in north-west Wales.

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Arllechwedd

Arllechwedd was an ancient Welsh cantref in north-west Wales.

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Army

An army, ground force or land force is an armed force that fights primarily on land.

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Arwystli

Arwystli was a cantref in mid Wales in the Middle Ages, located in the headland of the River Severn.

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Asceticism

Asceticism is a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from worldly pleasures, often for the purpose of pursuing spiritual goals.

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Ælfgar, Earl of Mercia

Ælfgar (died) was the son of Leofric, Earl of Mercia, by his famous wife Godgifu (Lady Godiva).

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Bangor Cathedral

Bangor Cathedral (Eglwys Gadeiriol Bangor) is the cathedral church of Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales.

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Bard

In Celtic cultures, a bard is a professional story teller, verse-maker, music composer, oral historian and genealogist, employed by a patron (such as a monarch or chieftain) to commemorate one or more of the patron's ancestors and to praise the patron's own activities.

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Basingwerk Abbey

Basingwerk Abbey (Abaty Dinas Basing) is a Grade I listed ruined abbey near Holywell, Flintshire, Wales.

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Battle of Aberconwy

The Battle of Aberconwy or the Battle of the Conwy Estuary was fought in 1194 between the forces of Llywelyn ap Iorwerth and his uncle Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd for control of the Kingdom of Gwynedd. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Battle of Aberconwy are history of Gwynedd and kingdom of Gwynedd.

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Battle of Anglesey Sound

The Battle of Anglesey Sound was fought in June or July 1098 on the Menai Strait ("Anglesey Sound"), separating the island of Anglesey from mainland Wales.

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Battle of Bron yr Erw

The Battle of Bron yr Erw was fought at Clynnog Fawr, Wales, in 1075.

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Battle of Bryn Derwin

The Battle of Bryn Derwin was fought in Eifionydd, Gwynedd on June 1255, between Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and his brothers, Dafydd ap Gruffudd and Owain Goch ap Gruffydd. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Battle of Bryn Derwin are history of Gwynedd.

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Battle of Cadfan

The Battle of Cadfan was fought between English and Welsh forces in 1257.

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Battle of Crogen

The Battle of Crogen is an engagement said to have taken place in Wales during Henry II of England's summer 1165 campaign against an alliance of Welsh kingdoms led by King of Gwynedd, Owain Gwynedd.

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Battle of Crug Mawr

The Battle of Crug Mawr (Brwydr Crug Mawr), sometimes referred to as the Battle of Cardigan, took place in September or October 1136, as part of a struggle between the Welsh and Normans for control of Ceredigion, West Wales.

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Battle of Ewloe

The Battle of Ewloe (also known as the Battle of Coleshill, or Counsylth, or Coleshille, or Cennadlog) was fought in July 1157 between the army of Henry II of England and an army led by the Welsh prince Owain Gwynedd.

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Battle of Lincoln (1141)

The Battle of Lincoln, or the First Battle of Lincoln, occurred on 2 February 1141 in Lincoln, England between King Stephen of England and forces loyal to Empress Matilda.

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Battle of Mynydd Carn

The Battle of Mynydd Carn took place in 1081, as part of a dynastic struggle for control of the Welsh kingdoms of Gwynedd and Deheubarth.

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Battle of Rhyd Y Groes

The Battle of Rhyd Y Groes was fought between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Gwynedd in 1039. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Battle of Rhyd Y Groes are medieval history of Wales.

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Billingsley, Shropshire

Billingsley is a small village and civil parish in Shropshire, England.

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Bishop of Bangor

The Bishop of Bangor is the ordinary of the Church in Wales Diocese of Bangor.

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Bishop of Llandaff

The Bishop of Llandaff is the ordinary of the Church in Wales Diocese of Llandaff.

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Bishop of St Asaph

The Bishop of St Asaph heads the Church in Wales diocese of St Asaph.

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Bishop of St Davids

The Bishop of St Davids is the ordinary of the Church in Wales Diocese of St Davids.

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Bleddyn ap Cynfyn

Bleddyn ap Cynfyn (Bledẏnt uab Kẏnỽẏn; died 1075), sometimes spelled Blethyn, was an 11th century Welsh king. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Bleddyn ap Cynfyn are monarchs of Gwynedd.

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Brecknockshire

Until 1974, Brecknockshire (Brycheiniog or Sir Frycheiniog), also formerly known as the County of Brecknock, Breconshire, or the County of Brecon, was an administrative county in the south of Wales, later classed as one of the thirteen historic counties of Wales.

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Brecon

Brecon (Aberhonddu), archaically known as Brecknock, is a market town in Powys, mid Wales.

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Bristol

Bristol is a city, unitary authority area and ceremonial county in South West England, the most populous city in the region.

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Brycheiniog

Brycheiniog was an independent kingdom in South Wales in the Early Middle Ages.

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Buckler

A buckler (French bouclier 'shield', from Old French bocle, boucle 'boss') is a small shield, up to 45 cm (up to 18 in) in diameter, gripped in the fist with a central handle behind the boss.

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Builth Wells

Builth Wells (Llanfair-ym-Muallt) is a market town and community in the county of Powys and historic county of Brecknockshire (Breconshire), mid Wales, lying at the confluence of rivers Wye and Irfon, in the Welsh (or upper) part of the Wye Valley.

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Burial

Burial, also known as interment or inhumation, is a method of final disposition whereby a dead body is placed into the ground, sometimes with objects.

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Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd

Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd (c. 1100 – 1172) was the third son of Gruffudd ap Cynan, King of Gwynedd, and brother of Owain Gwynedd.

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Cadwallon ab Ieuaf

Cadwallon ap Ieuaf (died 986) was a King of Gwynedd from 985 to 986. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Cadwallon ab Ieuaf are monarchs of Gwynedd.

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Cadwgan ap Bleddyn

Cadwgan ap Bleddyn (1051–1111) was a prince of the Kingdom of Powys (Teyrnas Powys) in north eastern Wales.

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Cadwgan of Llandyfai

Cadwgan also known as Cadwgan of Llandyfái or Martin (died 11 April 1241) was a Welsh cleric who was Bishop of Bangor from 1215 to 1236.

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Caereinion

Caereinion (fort of Einion) was a medieval cantref in the Kingdom of Powys, or possibly it was a commote (cwmwd) within a cantref called Llŷs Wynaf.

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Caernarfonshire

Until 1974, Caernarfonshire (Sir Gaernarfon), sometimes spelled Caernarvonshire or Carnarvonshire, was an administrative county in the north-west of Wales, later classed as one of the thirteen historic counties of Wales. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Caernarfonshire are history of Gwynedd.

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Cantref

A cantref (.

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Cantref Mawr

Cantref Mawr was a cantref in south-east Wales.

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Caradog ap Gruffydd

Caradog ap Gruffydd (died 1081) was a Prince of Gwent in south-east Wales in the time of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn and the Norman conquest, who reunified his family's inheritance of Morgannwg and made repeated attempts to reunite southern Wales by claiming the inheritance of the Kingdom of Deheubarth.

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Cardigan Castle

Cardigan Castle (Castell Aberteifi) is a castle overlooking the River Teifi in Cardigan, Ceredigion, Wales.

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Carmarthen Castle

Carmarthen Castle (Welsh: Castell Caerfyrddin) is a ruined castle in Carmarthen, West Wales, UK.

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Carmarthenshire

Carmarthenshire (Sir Gaerfyrddin or informally Sir Gâr) is a county in the south-west of Wales.

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Ceiriog Valley

The Ceiriog Valley (Dyffryn Ceiriog) is the valley of the River Ceiriog in north-east Wales.

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Cemais (Dyfed)

Ancient Dyfed showing the cantref of Cemais and its commotes Pembrokeshire showing the hundred of Cemais Cemais (sometimes spelled Kemes after one of the several variations found in Medieval orthography) was an ancient cantref of the Kingdom of Dyfed, from the 11th century a Norman Marcher Lordship, from the 16th century a Hundred, and is now part of Pembrokeshire, Wales.

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Ceredigion

Ceredigion, historically Cardiganshire, is a county in the west of Wales.

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Chamberlain (office)

A chamberlain (Medieval Latin: cambellanus or cambrerius, with charge of treasury camerarius) is a senior royal official in charge of managing a royal household.

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Chancellor

Chancellor (cancellarius) is a title of various official positions in the governments of many countries.

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Chancery (medieval office)

A chancery or chancellery (cancellaria) is a medieval writing office, responsible for the production of official documents.

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Chepstow

Chepstow (Cas-gwent) is a town and community in Monmouthshire, Wales, adjoining the border with Gloucestershire, England.

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Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin

Christ Church Cathedral, more formally The Cathedral of the Holy Trinity (Irish: Ardeaglais Theampall Chríost), is the cathedral of the United Dioceses of Dublin and Glendalough and the cathedral of the ecclesiastical province of the United Provinces of Dublin and Cashel in the (Anglican) Church of Ireland.

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Church in Wales

The Church in Wales (Yr Eglwys yng Nghymru) is an Anglican church in Wales, composed of six dioceses.

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Cinque Ports

The confederation of Cinque Ports is a historic group of coastal towns in south-east England – predominantly in Kent and Sussex, with one outlier (Brightlingsea) in Essex.

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Cistercians

The Cistercians, officially the Order of Cistercians ((Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint Benedict, as well as the contributions of the highly-influential Bernard of Clairvaux, known as the Latin Rule.

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Clynnog Fawr

Clynnog Fawr, often simply called "Clynnog", is a village and community on the north coast of Llŷn Peninsula in Gwynedd, north-west Wales.

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Colonization

independence. Colonization (British English: colonisation) is a process of establishing control over foreign territories or peoples for the purpose of exploitation and possibly settlement, setting up coloniality and often colonies, commonly pursued and maintained by colonialism.

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Commote

A commote (cwmwd, sometimes spelt in older documents as cymwd, plural cymydau, less frequently cymydoedd)Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru (University of Wales Dictionary), p. 643 was a secular division of land in Medieval Wales. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and commote are medieval history of Wales.

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Conquest of Wales by Edward I

The conquest of Wales by Edward I took place between 1277 and 1283.

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Convention (political norm)

A convention (also known as a constitutional convention) is an informal and uncodified tradition that is followed by the institutions of a state.

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Conwy Castle

Conwy Castle (Castell Conwy) is a fortification in Conwy, located in North Wales.

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Conwy County Borough

Conwy County Borough (Bwrdeistref Sirol Conwy) is a county borough in the north of Wales.

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Corwen

Corwen is a town and community in the county of Denbighshire in Wales.

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Coup d'état

A coup d'état, or simply a coup, is typically an illegal and overt attempt by a military organization or other government elites to unseat an incumbent leadership.

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Creuddyn Peninsula

The Creuddyn Peninsula (Y Creuddyn) is a small peninsula in Conwy County Borough in Wales.

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Culture of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages

Culture and Society in Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages refers to a period in the History of Wales spanning the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries (AD 1000–1300). History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Culture of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages are high Middle Ages, history of Gwynedd, kingdom of Gwynedd and medieval history of Wales.

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Cyfeiliog

Cyfeiliog was a medieval commote in the cantref of Cynan of the Kingdom of Powys.

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Cyfraith Hywel

Cyfraith Hywel (Laws of Hywel), also known as Welsh law (Leges Walliæ), was the system of law practised in medieval Wales before its final conquest by England.

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Cymer Abbey

Cymer Abbey (Welsh: Abaty Cymer) is a ruined Cistercian abbey near the village of Llanelltyd, just north of Dolgellau, Gwynedd, in north-west Wales, United Kingdom.

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Cynan ab Iago

Cynan ab Iago (c. 1014 c. 1063) was a Welsh prince of the House of Aberffraw sometimes credited with briefly reigning as King of Gwynedd. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Cynan ab Iago are monarchs of Gwynedd.

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Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd

Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd (died 1174) was an illegitimate son of Owain Gwynedd, a Prince of the ancient Kingdom of Gwynedd, Wales.

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Cynan ap Hywel

Cynan ap Hywel (ruled 999–1005) was a King of Gwynedd, one of the kingdoms or principalities of medieval Wales. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Cynan ap Hywel are monarchs of Gwynedd.

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Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd

Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd (– 1203) was king of Gwynedd from 1170 to 1195. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd are monarchs of Gwynedd.

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Dafydd ap Llywelyn

Dafydd ap Llywelyn (c. March 1212 – 25 February 1246) was King of Gwynedd from 1240 to 1246. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Dafydd ap Llywelyn are monarchs of Gwynedd.

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Dafydd Benfras

Dafydd Benfras was a court poet in the Welsh language, regarded by Saunders Lewis and others as one of the greatest of the Poets of the Princes (Beirdd y Tywysogion).

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David Powel

David Powel (1549/52 – 1598) was a Welsh Church of England clergyman and historian who published the first printed history of Wales in 1584.

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David Scotus

David Scotus or David the Scot was a Gaelic chronicler who died in 1139.

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De facto

De facto describes practices that exist in reality, regardless of whether they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms.

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Deheubarth

Deheubarth (thus 'the South') was a regional name for the realms of south Wales, particularly as opposed to Gwynedd (Latin: Venedotia).

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Deiniol

Saint Deiniol (died 572) was traditionally the first Bishop of Bangor in the Kingdom of Gwynedd, Wales.

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Denbighshire

Denbighshire (Sir Ddinbych) is a county in the north-east of Wales.

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Depression (mood)

Depression is a mental state of low mood and aversion to activity.

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Dinefwr Castle

Dinefwr Castle (Castell Dinefwr; also known as Old Dynevor Castle) is a ruined castle overlooking the River Towy near the town of Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire, Wales.

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Dolbadarn Castle

Dolbadarn Castle (Castell Dolbadarn) is a fortification built by the Welsh prince Llywelyn the Great during the early 13th century, at the base of the Llanberis Pass, in northern Wales.

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Dolwyddelan

Dolwyddelan is a village and community in Conwy County Borough, Wales.

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Dunoding

Dunoding was an early sub-kingdom within the Kingdom of Gwynedd in north-west Wales that existed between the 5th and 10th centuries. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Dunoding are medieval history of Wales.

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Dyffryn Clwyd

Dyffryn Clwyd was a cantref of Medieval Wales and from 1282 a marcher lordship. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Dyffryn Clwyd are medieval history of Wales.

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Dyserth

Dyserth (Diserth) is a village, community and electoral ward in Denbighshire, Wales.

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Eadric the Wild

Eadric the Wild (or Eadric Silvaticus), also known as Wild Edric, Eadric Cild (or Child) and Edric the Forester, was an Anglo-Saxon magnate of Shropshire and Herefordshire who led English resistance to the Norman Conquest, active in 1068–70.

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Ealdred (archbishop of York)

Ealdred (or Aldred; died 11 September 1069) was Abbot of Tavistock, Bishop of Worcester, and Archbishop of York in early medieval England.

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Earl of East Anglia

The Earls of East Anglia were governors of East Anglia during the 11th century.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Earl of East Anglia

Earl of Hereford

Earl of Hereford is a title in the ancient feudal nobility of England, encompassing the region of Herefordshire, England.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Earl of Hereford

Earl of Pembroke

Earl of Pembroke is a title in the Peerage of England that was first created in the 12th century by King Stephen of England.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Earl of Pembroke

Earl of Wessex

Earl of Wessex is a title that has been created twice in British history – once in the pre-Conquest Anglo-Saxon nobility of England, and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Earl of Wessex

Edith of Mercia

Ealdgyth (fl. c. 1057–1066), also Aldgyth or Edith in modern English, was a daughter of Ælfgar, Earl of Mercia, the wife of Gruffudd ap Llywelyn (d. 1063), ruler of all Wales, and later the wife and queen consort of Harold Godwinson, king of England in 1066.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Edith of Mercia

Ednyfed Fychan

Ednyfed Fychan (1170 – 1246), full name Ednyfed Fychan ap Cynwrig, was a Welsh warrior who became Seneschal to the Kingdom of Gwynedd in Northern Wales, serving Llywelyn the Great and his son Dafydd ap Llywelyn.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Ednyfed Fychan

Edward I of England

Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England from 1272 to 1307.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Edward I of England

Edward IV

Edward IV (28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was King of England from 4 March 1461 to 3 October 1470, then again from 11 April 1471 until his death in 1483.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Edward IV

Edward the Confessor

Edward the Confessor (1003 – 5 January 1066) was an Anglo-Saxon English king and saint. Usually considered the last king of the House of Wessex, he ruled from 1042 until his death in 1066. Edward was the son of Æthelred the Unready and Emma of Normandy. He succeeded Cnut the Great's son – and his own half-brother – Harthacnut.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Edward the Confessor

Edwin, Earl of Mercia

Edwin (Old English: Ēadwine) (died 1071) was the elder brother of Morcar, Earl of Northumbria, son of Ælfgār, Earl of Mercia and grandson of Leofric, Earl of Mercia.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Edwin, Earl of Mercia

Eifionydd

Eifionydd is an area in north-west Wales covering the south-eastern part of the Llŷn Peninsula from Porthmadog to just east of Pwllheli.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Eifionydd

Elen ferch Llywelyn

Elen ferch Llywelyn (c. 1207 – 1253) was the daughter of Llywelyn the Great of Gwynedd in North Wales by Joan, Lady of Wales, the natural daughter of King John of England.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Elen ferch Llywelyn

Elizabeth of York

Elizabeth of York (11 February 1466 – 11 February 1503) was Queen of England from her marriage to King Henry VII on 18 January 1486 until her death in 1503.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Elizabeth of York

Ellesmere, Shropshire

Ellesmere is a town in the civil parish of Ellesmere Urban, in Shropshire, England; it is located near to the Welsh border, the towns of Oswestry and Whitchurch, and the Welsh city of Wrexham.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Ellesmere, Shropshire

Elopement

Elopement is a marriage which is conducted in a sudden and secretive fashion, sometimes involving a hurried flight away from one's place of residence together with one's beloved with the intention of getting married without parental approval.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Elopement

Emma of Anjou

Emma (or Emme) of Anjou (c.1140–c.1214) was an illegitimate daughter of Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, and half-sister of King Henry II of England.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Emma of Anjou

Empress Matilda

Empress Matilda (10 September 1167), also known as Empress Maud, was one of the claimants to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Empress Matilda

Excommunication

Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community or to restrict certain rights within it, in particular those of being in communion with other members of the congregation, and of receiving the sacraments.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Excommunication

Family seat

A family seat, sometimes just called seat, is the principal residence of the landed gentry and aristocracy.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Family seat

Fealty

An oath of fealty, from the Latin fidelitas (faithfulness), is a pledge of allegiance of one person to another.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Fealty

Firmament

In ancient near eastern cosmology, the firmament signified a cosmic barrier that separated the heavenly waters above from the Earth below.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Firmament

First Barons' War

The First Barons' War (1215–1217) was a civil war in the Kingdom of England in which a group of rebellious major landowners (commonly referred to as barons) led by Robert Fitzwalter waged war against King John of England.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and First Barons' War

Flemish people

Flemish people or Flemings (Vlamingen) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Flanders, Belgium, who speak Flemish Dutch.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Flemish people

Flintshire

Flintshire (Sir y Fflint) is a county in the north-east of Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Flintshire

France in the Middle Ages

The Kingdom of France in the Middle Ages (roughly, from the 10th century to the middle of the 15th century) was marked by the fragmentation of the Carolingian Empire and West Francia (843–987); the expansion of royal control by the House of Capet (987–1328), including their struggles with the virtually independent principalities (duchies and counties, such as the Norman and Angevin regions), and the creation and extension of administrative/state control (notably under Philip II Augustus and Louis IX) in the 13th century; and the rise of the House of Valois (1328–1589), including the protracted dynastic crisis against the House of Plantagenet and their Angevin Empire, culminating in the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453) (compounded by the catastrophic Black Death in 1348), which laid the seeds for a more centralized and expanded state in the early modern period and the creation of a sense of French identity.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and France in the Middle Ages

Franciscans

The Franciscans are a group of related mendicant religious orders of the Catholic Church.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Franciscans

Geoffrey of Langley

Geoffrey of Langley was an English knight and ambassador of the 13th century.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Geoffrey of Langley

Gerald of Wales

Gerald of Wales (Giraldus Cambrensis; Gerallt Cymro; Gerald de Barri) was a Cambro-Norman priest and historian.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Gerald of Wales

German mediatisation (deutsche Mediatisierung) was the major redistribution and reshaping of territorial holdings that took place between 1802 and 1814 in Germany by means of the subsumption and secularisation of a large number of Imperial Estates, prefiguring, precipitating, and continuing after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and German mediatisation

Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Hertford

Gilbert FitzRichard de Clare, 1st Earl of Hertford (–1152), feudal baron of Clare in Suffolk, was created Earl of Hertford by King Stephen.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Hertford

Glamorgan

Until 1974, Glamorgan, or sometimes Glamorganshire (Morgannwg or Sir Forgannwg), was an administrative county in the south of Wales, and later classed as one of the thirteen historic counties of Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Glamorgan

Goidelic languages

The Goidelic or Gaelic languages (teangacha Gaelacha; cànanan Goidhealach; çhengaghyn Gaelgagh) form one of the two groups of Insular Celtic languages, the other being the Brittonic languages.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Goidelic languages

Golden Valley (Herefordshire)

The Golden Valley is the name given to the valley of the River Dore in western Herefordshire, England.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Golden Valley (Herefordshire)

Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria

Gospatric or Cospatric (from the Cumbric "Servant of Patrick"), (died after 1073), was Earl of Northumbria, or of Bernicia, and later lord of sizable estates around Dunbar.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria

Gower Peninsula

Gower (Gŵyr) or the Gower Peninsula (Penrhyn Gŵyr) is in South West Wales and is the most westerly part of the historic county of Glamorgan, Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Gower Peninsula

Gruffudd ap Cynan

Gruffudd ap Cynan (–1137) was King of Gwynedd from 1081 until his death in 1137. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Gruffudd ap Cynan are monarchs of Gwynedd.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Gruffudd ap Cynan

Gruffudd ap Llywelyn ap Iorwerth

Gruffudd ap Llywelyn ap Iorwerth (c. 1196 – 1 March 1244) was the Welsh first-born son of Llywelyn the Great ("Llywelyn Fawr").

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Gruffudd ap Llywelyn ap Iorwerth

Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn

Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn (died c. 1286) was a Welsh king who was lord of the part of Powys known as Powys Wenwynwyn and sided with Edward I in his conquest of Wales of 1277 to 1283.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn

Gruffydd ap Llywelyn

Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (– 5 August 1063) was King of Gwynedd and Powys from 1039 and, after asserting his control over the entire country, claimed the title King of Wales from 1055 until his death in 1063. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Gruffydd ap Llywelyn are monarchs of Gwynedd.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Gruffydd ap Llywelyn

Gruffydd ap Rhydderch

Gruffydd ap Rhydderch (d. AD 1055) was a king of Gwent and part of the kingdom of Morgannwg in south Wales and later king of Deheubarth.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Gruffydd ap Rhydderch

Gruffydd ap Rhys

Gruffydd ap Rhys (c. 1090 – 1137) was Prince of Deheubarth, in Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Gruffydd ap Rhys

Gruffydd Maelor I

Gruffydd Maelor (died 1191) was a Prince of Powys Fadog in Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Gruffydd Maelor I

Guala Bicchieri

Guala Bicchieri (1150 – 1227) was an Italian diplomat, papal official and cardinal.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Guala Bicchieri

Guerrilla warfare

Guerrilla warfare is a form of unconventional warfare in which small groups of irregular military, such as rebels, partisans, paramilitary personnel or armed civilians including recruited children, use ambushes, sabotage, terrorism, raids, petty warfare or hit-and-run tactics in a rebellion, in a violent conflict, in a war or in a civil war to fight against regular military, police or rival insurgent forces.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Guerrilla warfare

Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd

Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd (Gwenllian, daughter of Gruffydd; 1097 – 1136) was a 12th century Welsh rebel and Princess consort of Deheubarth.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd

Gwenwynwyn

Gwenwynwyn ab Owain Cyfeiliog (died c. 1216) was the last major ruler of mid Wales before the completion of the Norman English invasion.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Gwenwynwyn

Gwladus Ddu

Gwladus Ddu, ("Gwladus the Dark Eyes"), full name Gwladus ferch Llywelyn (died 1251) was a Welsh noblewoman who was a daughter of Llywelyn the Great of Gwynedd and Joan Plantagenet, a daughter of John, King of England.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Gwladus Ddu

Gwrtheyrnion

Gwrtheyrnion or Gwerthrynion was a commote in medieval Wales, located in Mid Wales on the north side of the River Wye; its historical centre was Rhayader.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Gwrtheyrnion

Halesowen

Halesowen is a market town in the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley, in the county of West Midlands, England.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Halesowen

Harold Godwinson

Harold Godwinson (– 14 October 1066), also called Harold II, was the last crowned Anglo-Saxon English king.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Harold Godwinson

Harrying of the North

The Harrying of the North was a series of military campaigns waged by William the Conqueror in the winter of 1069–1070 to subjugate Northern England, where the presence of the last Wessex claimant, Edgar Ætheling, had encouraged Anglo-Saxon Northumbrian, Anglo-Scandinavian and Danish rebellions.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Harrying of the North

Haverfordwest

Haverfordwest (Hwlffordd) is the county town of Pembrokeshire, Wales, and the most populous urban area in Pembrokeshire with a population of 14,596 in 2011.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Haverfordwest

Heir apparent

An heir apparent (heiress apparent) or simply heir is a person who is first in an order of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting by the birth of another person.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Heir apparent

Henry FitzRoy (died 1158)

Henry FitzRoy (born c. 1100–1104, died 1158) was an illegitimate son of Henry I of England, possibly by Princess Nest, daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwr, last king of Deheubarth (d. 1093), and his wife, Gwladys ferch Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn, and was a grandson of William the Conqueror.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Henry FitzRoy (died 1158)

Henry I of England

Henry I (– 1 December 1135), also known as Henry Beauclerc, was King of England from 1100 to his death in 1135.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Henry I of England

Henry II of England

Henry II, also known as Henry Fitzempress and Henry Curtmantle, was King of England from 1154 until his death in 1189.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Henry II of England

Henry III of England

Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272), also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death in 1272.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Henry III of England

Henry VII of England

Henry VII (28 January 1457 – 21 April 1509) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Henry VII of England

Hereford

Hereford is a cathedral city, civil parish and the county town of Herefordshire, England.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Hereford

Hereford Castle

Hereford Castle is a castle that used to be in the cathedral city of Hereford, the county town of Herefordshire, England.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Hereford Castle

Hereford Cathedral

Hereford Cathedral is the cathedral church of the Anglican Diocese of Hereford in Hereford, England.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Hereford Cathedral

Hervey le Breton

Hervey le Breton (also known as Hervé le Breton; died 30 August 1131) was a Breton cleric who became Bishop of Bangor in Wales and later Bishop of Ely in England.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Hervey le Breton

High Middle Ages

The High Middle Ages, or High Medieval Period, was the period of European history that lasted from AD 1000 to 1300.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and High Middle Ages

History of Ireland (1169–1536)

The history of Ireland from 1169–1536 covers the period from the arrival of the Cambro-Normans to the reign of Henry VIII of England, who made himself King of Ireland.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and History of Ireland (1169–1536)

History of Wales

The history of what is now Wales begins with evidence of a Neanderthal presence from at least 230,000 years ago, while Homo sapiens arrived by about 31,000 BC.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and History of Wales

Holy Roman Emperor

The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans (Imperator Romanorum, Kaiser der Römer) during the Middle Ages, and also known as the Roman-German Emperor since the early modern period (Imperator Germanorum, Roman-German emperor), was the ruler and head of state of the Holy Roman Empire.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Holy Roman Emperor

Homage (feudal)

Homage (from Medieval Latin hominaticum, lit. "pertaining to a man") in the Middle Ages was the ceremony in which a feudal tenant or vassal pledged reverence and submission to his feudal lord, receiving in exchange the symbolic title to his new position (investiture).

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Homage (feudal)

House of Aberffraw

The House of Aberffraw was a medieval royal court based in the village it was named after, Aberffraw, Anglesey (Wales, UK) within the borders of the then Kingdom of Gwynedd. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and House of Aberffraw are kingdom of Gwynedd and monarchs of Gwynedd.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and House of Aberffraw

House of Dinefwr

The Royal House of Dinefwr was a cadet branch of the Royal House of Gwynedd, founded by King Cadell ap Rhodri (reign 872–909), son of Rhodri the Great.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and House of Dinefwr

House of Plantagenet

The House of Plantagenet (/plænˈtædʒənət/ ''plan-TAJ-ə-nət'') was a royal house which originated in the French County of Anjou.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and House of Plantagenet

Housecarl

A housecarl (húskarl; huscarl) was a non-servile manservant or household bodyguard in medieval Northern Europe.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Housecarl

Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent

Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent (c. 1170 – before 5 May 1243) was an English nobleman who served as Chief Justiciar of England (1215–1232) and Justiciar of Ireland (1232) during the reigns of King John and his son and successor King Henry III and, as Regent of England (1219–1227) during Henry's minority, was one of the most influential and powerful men in English politics in the thirteenth century.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent

Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester

Hugh d'Avranches (1047 – 27 July 1101), nicknamed le Gros (the Large) or Lupus (the Wolf), was from 1071 the second Norman Earl of Chester and one of the great magnates of early Norman England.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester

Hugh of Montgomery, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury

Hugh of Montgomery, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury (died 1098), was an Anglo-Norman aristocrat and member of the House of Bellême.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Hugh of Montgomery, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury

Hywel ab Edwin

Hywel ap Edwin (died 1044) was king of Deheubarth in south Wales from 1033 to 1043.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Hywel ab Edwin

Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd

Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd (circa 1120–1170), king of Gwynedd in 1170, was a Welsh poet and military leader.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd

Hywel Foel ap Griffri ap Pwyll Wyddel

Hywel Foel ap Griffri ap Pwyll Wyddel (fl. c. 1240–1300) was a Welsh language court poet.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Hywel Foel ap Griffri ap Pwyll Wyddel

Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig

Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig (died 1039) was a King of Gwynedd and of Powys. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig are monarchs of Gwynedd.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig

Ial

Ial or Yale (Iâl) was a commote of medieval Wales within the cantref of Maelor in the Kingdom of Powys.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Ial

Interdict

In Catholic canon law, an interdict is an ecclesiastical censure, or ban that prohibits certain persons or groups from participating in particular rites, or that the rites and services of the church are prohibited in certain territories for a limited or extended time.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Interdict

Iorwerth ab Owain

Iorwerth ab Owain (also known as Iorwerth of Gwynllŵg) (d. before 1184) was a Welsh prince of Gwynllŵg and Lord of Caerleon.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Iorwerth ab Owain

Iorwerth Drwyndwn

Iorwerth Drwyndwn, known as Iorwerth mab Owain Gwynedd ("the flat-nosed"; c. 1130 – 1174), was the eldest legitimate son of Owain Gwynedd (the king of Gwynedd) and his first wife Gwladus ferch Llywarch.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Iorwerth Drwyndwn

Irish Sea

The Irish Sea is a body of water that separates the islands of Ireland and Great Britain.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Irish Sea

Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke

Isabel de Clare, suo jure 4th Countess of Pembroke and Striguil (c. 1172 – 11 March 1220), was an Anglo-Norman and Irish noblewoman descended from Aoife Macmurrough and Richard de Clare and one of the wealthiest heiresses in Wales and Ireland.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke

Isabella de Braose

Isabella, Princess of Wales and Lady of Snowdon (c. 1222 – c. 1248) was the eldest daughter of William de Braose, Lord of Abergavenny, and his wife Eva Marshal (daughter of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke).

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Isabella de Braose

Isabella, Countess of Gloucester

Isabella, Countess of Gloucester (c. 1160–1166 – October 1217), was an Anglo-Norman noblewoman who was the first wife of King John of England.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Isabella, Countess of Gloucester

J. Beverley Smith

Jenkyn Beverley Smith, FLSW, FRHistS (27 September 1931 – 19 February 2024), published as J. Beverley Smith, was a Welsh historian of medieval Wales, who was successively Sir John Williams Professor of Welsh History (1986–1995), Research Professor of Welsh History (1995–1999) and Emeritus Professor (1999–2024) at Aberystwyth University.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and J. Beverley Smith

Joan, Lady of Wales

Joan, Lady of Wales and Lady of Snowdon, also known by her Welsh name often written as Siwan (said, approximately /sɪuːan/) (/92 – 2 February 1237) was an illegitimate daughter of King John of England, and the wife of Llywelyn the Great, Prince of Wales (initially King of Gwynedd), effective ruler of all of Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Joan, Lady of Wales

John Davies (historian)

John Davies, FLSW (25 April 1938 – 16 February 2015) was a Welsh historian, and a television and radio broadcaster.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and John Davies (historian)

John de Gray

John de Gray or de Grey (died 18 October 1214) was an English prelate who served as Bishop of Norwich, and was elected but unconfirmed Archbishop of Canterbury.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and John de Gray

John Edward Lloyd

Sir John Edward Lloyd (5 May 1861 – 20 June 1947) was born in Liverpool.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and John Edward Lloyd

John Lestrange

John III Lestrange (died 1269), of Knockin in Shropshire, landowner, administrator and soldier, was a marcher lord defending England along its border with Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and John Lestrange

John of Monmouth

John of Monmouth (c. 1182 – 1248) was an Anglo-Norman feudal lord of Breton ancestry, who was lord of Monmouth between 1190 and 1248.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and John of Monmouth

John of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon

John of Scotland (or John de Scotia or John le Scot), 9th Earl of Huntingdon and 7th Earl of Chester (c. 12076 June 1237), sometimes known as "the Scot", was an Anglo-Scottish magnate, the son of David of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon by his wife Matilda of Chester, daughter of Hugh de Kevelioc.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and John of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon

John, King of England

John (24 December 1166 – 19 October 1216) was King of England from 1199 until his death in 1216.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and John, King of England

Jure uxoris

Jure uxoris (a Latin phrase meaning "by right of (his) wife") describes a title of nobility used by a man because his wife holds the office or title suo jure ("in her own right").

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Jure uxoris

Jurist

A jurist is a person with expert knowledge of law; someone who analyzes and comments on law.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Jurist

Justiciar

Justiciar is the English form of the medieval Latin term or (meaning "judge" or "justice").

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Justiciar

Kerry, Powys

Kerry (Ceri) is a village and geographically large community in Montgomeryshire, Powys, Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Kerry, Powys

Kidwelly

Kidwelly (Cydweli) is a town and community in Carmarthenshire, southwest Wales, approximately northwest of the most populous town in the county, Llanelli.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Kidwelly

King of Wales

Welsh medieval rulers used a variety of titles including Tywysog, Rhi, Brenin, and the Latin Rex and Princeps to express varying degrees of sovereignty and dependence. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and King of Wales are medieval history of Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and King of Wales

Kingdom of Ceredigion

The Kingdom of Ceredigion was one of several Welsh kingdoms that emerged in post-Roman Britain in the mid-5th century.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Kingdom of Ceredigion

Kingdom of Dublin

The Kingdom of Dublin (Old Norse: Dyflin) was a Norse kingdom in Ireland that lasted from roughly 853 AD to 1170 AD.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Kingdom of Dublin

Kingdom of Dyfed

The Kingdom of Dyfed, one of several Welsh petty kingdoms that emerged in 5th-century sub-Roman Britain in southwest Wales, was based on the former territory of the Demetae (modern Welsh Dyfed).

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Kingdom of Dyfed

Kingdom of Gwent

Gwent (Guent) was a medieval Welsh kingdom, lying between the Rivers Wye and Usk.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Kingdom of Gwent

Kingdom of Gwynedd

The Kingdom of Gwynedd (Medieval Latin:; Middle Welsh: Guynet) was a Welsh kingdom and a Roman Empire successor state that emerged in sub-Roman Britain in the 5th century during the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and kingdom of Gwynedd are history of Gwynedd, medieval history of Wales and monarchs of Gwynedd.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Kingdom of Gwynedd

Kingdom of León

The Kingdom of León was an independent kingdom situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Kingdom of León

Kingdom of Morgannwg

Morgannwg was a medieval Welsh kingdom formed via the merger of the kingdoms of Glywysing and Gwent.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Kingdom of Morgannwg

Kingdom of Navarre

The Kingdom of Navarre, originally the Kingdom of Pamplona, was a Basque kingdom that occupied lands on both sides of the western Pyrenees, with its northernmost areas originally reaching the Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay), between present-day Spain and France.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Kingdom of Navarre

Kingdom of Powys

The Kingdom of Powys (Regnum Poysiae) was a Welsh successor state, petty kingdom and principality that emerged during the Middle Ages following the end of Roman rule in Britain.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Kingdom of Powys

Knights Hospitaller

The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani), commonly known as the Knights Hospitaller, is a Catholic military order.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Knights Hospitaller

Lampeter

Lampeter (Llanbedr Pont Steffan (formal); Llambed (colloquial)) is a town, community and electoral ward in Ceredigion, Wales, at the confluence of the Afon Dulas with the River Teifi.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Lampeter

Latin

Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Latin

Laugharne Castle

Laugharne Castle (Castell Talacharn) is in Laugharne, Carmarthenshire, Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Laugharne Castle

Leofgar of Hereford

Leofgar (or Leovegard; died 1056) was a medieval Bishop of Hereford.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Leofgar of Hereford

Leofric, Earl of Mercia

Leofric (died 31 August or 30 September 1057) was an Earl of Mercia.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Leofric, Earl of Mercia

Leominster

Leominster is a market town in Herefordshire, England; it is located at the confluence of the River Lugg and its tributary the River Kenwater.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Leominster

Lingua franca

A lingua franca (for plurals see), also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vehicular language, or link language, is a language systematically used to make communication possible between groups of people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both of the speakers' native languages.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Lingua franca

Llanbadarn Fawr, Ceredigion

Llanbadarn Fawr is a village and community in Ceredigion, Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Llanbadarn Fawr, Ceredigion

Llanfair-Mathafarn-Eithaf

Llanfair-Mathafarn-Eithaf is a parish and community in Anglesey, Wales including the small seaside town of Benllech.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Llanfair-Mathafarn-Eithaf

Llanfihangel y Creuddyn

Llanfihangel-y-Creuddyn is an ancient parish in the upper division of the hundred of Ilar, Ceredigion, West Wales, 7 miles south east from Aberystwyth, on the road to Rhayader, comprising the chapelry of Eglwys Newydd, or Llanfihangel y Creuddyn Uchaf, and the township of Llanfihangel y Creuddyn Isaf.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Llanfihangel y Creuddyn

Llangollen

Llangollen is a town and community, situated on the River Dee, in Denbighshire, Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Llangollen

Llangynwyd Castle

Llangynwyd Castle is a ruined castle, probably of the 12th century, in Llangynwyd, in Bridgend County Borough, South Wales, just to the south of Maesteg.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Llangynwyd Castle

Llansteffan Castle

Llansteffan Castle (Castell Llansteffan) is a privately owned castle in Llansteffan, Carmarthenshire, Wales, overlooking the River Tywi estuary in Carmarthen Bay.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Llansteffan Castle

Llŷn Peninsula

The Llŷn Peninsula (Penrhyn Llŷn or italic) extends into the Irish Sea from North West Wales, south west of the Isle of Anglesey.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Llŷn Peninsula

Llywelyn ab Iorwerth

Llywelyn ab Iorwerth (– 11 April 1240), also known as Llywelyn the Great (Llywelyn Fawr), was a medieval Welsh ruler. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Llywelyn ab Iorwerth are monarchs of Gwynedd.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Llywelyn ab Iorwerth

Llywelyn ap Gruffudd

Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (c. 1223 – 11 December 1282), Llywelyn II, also known as Llywelyn the Last (lit), was King of Gwynedd, and later was recognised as the prince of Wales (Princeps Walliae; Tywysog Cymru) from 1258 until his death at Cilmeri in 1282. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Llywelyn ap Gruffudd are monarchs of Gwynedd.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Llywelyn ap Gruffudd

Llywelyn ap Maredudd

Llywelyn ap Maredudd (died 1263) was a minor Welsh prince of the House of Gwynedd who was the last vassal Lord of Meirionydd. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Llywelyn ap Maredudd are monarchs of Gwynedd.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Llywelyn ap Maredudd

Llywelyn ap Seisyll

Llywelyn ap Seisyll (died 1023) was a king of Gwynedd in the 11th century who ruled over the Welsh kingdoms of Gwynedd, Powys and Deheubarth. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Llywelyn ap Seisyll are monarchs of Gwynedd.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Llywelyn ap Seisyll

Lordship of Glamorgan

The Lordship of Glamorgan was one of the most powerful and wealthy of the Welsh Marcher Lordships.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Lordship of Glamorgan

Lordship of Gower

Gower was an ancient marcher lordship of Deheubarth in South Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Lordship of Gower

Lordship of Ireland

The Lordship of Ireland (Tiarnas na hÉireann), sometimes referred to retrospectively as Anglo-Norman Ireland, was the part of Ireland ruled by the King of England (styled as "Lord of Ireland") and controlled by loyal Anglo-Norman Lords between 1177 and 1542.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Lordship of Ireland

Louis VII of France

Louis VII (1120 – 18 September 1180), called the Younger or the Young (le Jeune) to differentiate him from his father Louis VI, was King of France from 1137 to 1180.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Louis VII of France

Louis VIII of France

Louis VIII (5 September 1187 8 November 1226), nicknamed The Lion (Le Lion), was King of France from 1223 to 1226.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Louis VIII of France

Madog ap Maredudd

Madog ap Maredudd (Madawg mab Maredud, Madawc mab Maredut; died 1160) was the last prince of the entire Kingdom of Powys, Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Madog ap Maredudd

Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd

Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd was a prince of part of Gwynedd. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd are monarchs of Gwynedd.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd

Maelgwn Gwynedd

Maelgwn Gwynedd (Maglocunus; died c. 547)Based on Phillimore's (1888) reconstruction of the dating of the Annales Cambriae (A Text). History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Maelgwn Gwynedd are monarchs of Gwynedd.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Maelgwn Gwynedd

Maelor

The Maelor is an area of north-east Wales along the border with England.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Maelor

Magna Carta

(Medieval Latin for "Great Charter of Freedoms"), commonly called Magna Carta or sometimes Magna Charta ("Great Charter"), is a royal charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Magna Carta

Magnus III Olafsson (Old Norse: Magnús Óláfsson, Norwegian: Magnus Olavsson; 1073 – 24 August 1103), better known as Magnus Barefoot (Old Norse: Magnús berfœttr, Norwegian: Magnus Berrføtt), was the King of Norway from 1093 until his death in 1103.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Magnus Barefoot

March law (Anglo-Welsh border)

March law (or the law of the March) was the law in force in the Welsh Marches during the late Middle Ages.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and March law (Anglo-Welsh border)

Maredudd ab Owain

Maredudd ab Owain (died) was a king of Gwynedd. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Maredudd ab Owain are monarchs of Gwynedd.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Maredudd ab Owain

Maredudd ap Bleddyn

Maredudd ap Bleddyn (1047 – 9 February 1132) was a prince and later King of Powys in eastern Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Maredudd ap Bleddyn

Maredudd ap Rhys Gryg

Maredudd ap Rhys Grug (died 1271), was the son of Rhys Gryg (a Welsh prince of Deheubarth) and Mathilde de Clare (a daughter of Richard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford, Marcher Lord of Cardigan).

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Maredudd ap Rhys Gryg

Marsh

In ecology, a marsh is a wetland that is dominated by herbaceous plants rather than by woody plants.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Marsh

Mathrafal

Mathrafal near Welshpool, in Powys, Mid Wales, was the seat of the Kings and Princes of Powys probably from the 9th century until its destruction in 1213 by Prince Llywelyn the Great.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Mathrafal

Matthew Paris

Matthew Paris, also known as Matthew of Paris (lit; 1200 – 1259), was an English Benedictine monk, chronicler, artist in illuminated manuscripts, and cartographer who was based at St Albans Abbey in Hertfordshire. He authored a number of historical works, many of which he scribed and illuminated himself, typically in drawings partly coloured with watercolour washes, sometimes called "tinted drawings".

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Matthew Paris

Mawddwy

Mawddwy is a community in the county of Gwynedd, Wales, and is 88.3 miles (142.2 km) from Cardiff and 172.8 miles (278.0 km) from London.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Mawddwy

Medieval Welsh literature

Medieval Welsh literature is the literature written in the Welsh language during the Middle Ages. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Medieval Welsh literature are medieval history of Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Medieval Welsh literature

Meilyr Brydydd

Meilyr Brydydd ap Mabon (fl. 1100–1137) is the earliest of the Welsh Poets of the Princes or Y Gogynfeirdd (The Less Early Poets) whose work has survived.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Meilyr Brydydd

Meirionnydd

italic is a coastal and mountainous region of Wales. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Meirionnydd are history of Gwynedd.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Meirionnydd

Menai Bridge

Menai Bridge (Porthaethwy; usually referred to colloquially as Y Borth) is a town and community on the Isle of Anglesey in north-west Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Menai Bridge

Menai Strait

The Menai Strait is a strait which separates the island of Anglesey from Gwynedd, on the mainland of Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Menai Strait

Mercia

Mercia (Miercna rīċe, "kingdom of the border people"; Merciorum regnum) was one of the three main Anglic kingdoms founded after Sub-Roman Britain was settled by Anglo-Saxons in an era called the Heptarchy.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Mercia

Merionethshire

Until 1974, Merionethshire or Merioneth (Meirionnydd or Sir Feirionnydd) was an administrative county in the north-west of Wales, later classed as one of the thirteen historic counties of Wales. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Merionethshire are history of Gwynedd.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Merionethshire

Metropolitan bishop

In Christian churches with episcopal polity, the rank of metropolitan bishop, or simply metropolitan (alternative obsolete form: metropolite), pertains to the diocesan bishop or archbishop of a metropolis.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Metropolitan bishop

Meurig ap Hywel

Meurig ap Hywel (died) was a 9th-century king of Gwent in southeastern Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Meurig ap Hywel

Military occupation

Military occupation, also called belligerent occupation or simply occupation, is temporary hostile control exerted by a ruling power's military apparatus over a sovereign territory that is outside of the legal boundaries of that ruling power's own sovereign territory.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Military occupation

Mochnant

italic was a medieval cantref in the Kingdom of Powys.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Mochnant

Mold Castle

Mold Castle (Castell yr Wyddgrug), also known as Bailey Hill in the town of Mold, Flintshire, north-east Wales, is a motte-and-bailey castle erected around 1072, probably by the Norman Robert de Montalt under instructions from Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Mold Castle

Mold, Flintshire

Mold (Yr Wyddgrug) is a town and community in Flintshire, Wales, on the River Alyn.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Mold, Flintshire

Monarchy of the United Kingdom

The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the form of government used by the United Kingdom by which a hereditary monarch reigns as the head of state, with their powers regulated by the British Constitution.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Monarchy of the United Kingdom

Montgomery Castle

Montgomery Castle (Castell Trefaldwyn) is a stone castle looking over the town of Montgomery in Powys, Mid Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Montgomery Castle

Montgomery, Powys

Montgomery (Trefaldwyn; translates as the town of Baldwin) is a town and community in Powys, Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Montgomery, Powys

Morcar

Morcar (or Morcere) (Mōrcǣr, Mǫrukári) (died after 1087) was the son of Ælfgār (earl of Mercia) and brother of Ēadwine.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Morcar

Morgan ap Hywel

Morgan ap Hywel (died) was Lord of Gwynllwg in Wales from about 1215 until his death in 1245, and for many years laid claim to the lordship of Caerleon, which had been seized by the Earl of Pembroke.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Morgan ap Hywel

Nanheudwy

Nanheudwy was a medieval commote of Wales considered part of the ancient Kingdom of Powys in the cantref of Swydd y Waun.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Nanheudwy

Narberth Castle

Narberth Castle (Castell Arberth) is a ruined Norman fortress in the town of Narberth, Pembrokeshire, West Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Narberth Castle

Newport Castle, Pembrokeshire

Newport Castle (Castell Trefdraeth) is a castle located in Newport, Pembrokeshire, Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Newport Castle, Pembrokeshire

Norman architecture

The term Norman architecture is used to categorise styles of Romanesque architecture developed by the Normans in the various lands under their dominion or influence in the 11th and 12th centuries.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Norman architecture

Norman Conquest

The Norman Conquest (or the Conquest) was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army made up of thousands of Norman, French, Flemish, and Breton troops, all led by the Duke of Normandy, later styled William the Conqueror.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Norman Conquest

Normans

The Normans (Norman: Normaunds; Normands; Nortmanni/Normanni) were a population arising in the medieval Duchy of Normandy from the intermingling between Norse Viking settlers and locals of West Francia.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Normans

Normans in Ireland

Hiberno-Normans, or Norman Irish (Normánach; Gall, 'foreigners'), refer to Irish families descended from Norman settlers who arrived during the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland in the 12th century, mainly from England and Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Normans in Ireland

Norse–Gaels

The Norse–Gaels (Gall-Goídil; Gall-Ghaeil; Gall-Ghàidheil, 'foreigner-Gaels') were a people of mixed Gaelic and Norse ancestry and culture.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Norse–Gaels

Norsemen

The Norsemen (or Norse people) were a North Germanic linguistic group of the Early Middle Ages, during which they spoke the Old Norse language.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Norsemen

North Wales

North Wales (Gogledd Cymru) is a region of Wales, encompassing its northernmost areas.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and North Wales

Northern England

Northern England, or the North of England, is a region that forms the northern part of England and mainly corresponds to the historic counties of Cheshire, Cumberland, Durham, Lancashire, Northumberland, Westmorland and Yorkshire.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Northern England

Northumbria

Northumbria (Norþanhymbra rīċe; Regnum Northanhymbrorum) was an early medieval Anglo-Saxon kingdom in what is now Northern England and south-east Scotland.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Northumbria

Old Norse

Old Norse, Old Nordic, or Old Scandinavian is a stage of development of North Germanic dialects before their final divergence into separate Nordic languages.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Old Norse

Owain ab Edwin of Tegeingl

Owain ab Edwin of Tegeingl or Owain the Traitor (Owain Fradwr), (died 1105) was lord of the cantref of Tegeingl in north-east Wales at the end of the 11th century. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Owain ab Edwin of Tegeingl are medieval history of Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Owain ab Edwin of Tegeingl

Owain ap Cadwgan

Owain ap Cadwgan (died 1116) was a prince of Powys in eastern Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Owain ap Cadwgan

Owain Cyfeiliog

Owain ap Gruffydd (c. 1130–1197) was a prince of the southern part of Powys and a poet.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Owain Cyfeiliog

Owain Goch ap Gruffydd

Owain Goch ap Gruffydd (also known as Owain Goch) (died 1282) was brother to Llywelyn ap Gruffudd and Dafydd ap Gruffudd and, for a brief period in the late 1240s and early 1250s, ruler of part of the Kingdom of Gwynedd (in modern-day North Wales). History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Owain Goch ap Gruffydd are monarchs of Gwynedd.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Owain Goch ap Gruffydd

Owain Gwynedd

Owain ap Gruffudd (– 23 or 28 November 1170) was King of Gwynedd, North Wales, from 1137 until his death in 1170, succeeding his father Gruffudd ap Cynan. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Owain Gwynedd are monarchs of Gwynedd.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Owain Gwynedd

Oxford

Oxford is a city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Oxford

Painscastle

Painscastle (Welsh: Castell-paen) is a village and community in Powys (formerly Radnorshire), Wales which takes its name from the castle at its heart.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Painscastle

Papal primacy

Papal primacy, also known as the primacy of the bishop of Rome, is an ecclesiological doctrine in the Catholic Church concerning the respect and authority that is due to the pope from other bishops and their episcopal sees.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Papal primacy

Parish

A parish is a territorial entity in many Christian denominations, constituting a division within a diocese.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Parish

Partisan (military)

A partisan is a member of a domestic irregular military force formed to oppose control of an area by a foreign power or by an army of occupation by some kind of insurgent activity.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Partisan (military)

Pembroke, Pembrokeshire

Pembroke (Penfro) is a town and community in Pembrokeshire, Wales, with a population of 7,552.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Pembroke, Pembrokeshire

Pembrokeshire

Pembrokeshire (Sir Benfro) is a county in the south-west of Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Pembrokeshire

Penmachno

Penmachno is a village in the isolated upland Machno valley, south of Betws-y-Coed in the county of Conwy, North Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Penmachno

Penmon

Penmon is a promontory, village and ecclesiastical parish on the eastern tip of the Isle of Anglesey in Wales, about east of the town of Beaumaris.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Penmon

Pentraeth

Pentraeth is a village and community on the island of Anglesey (Ynys Môn), North Wales, at.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Pentraeth

Perfeddwlad

Perfeddwlad or Y Berfeddwlad was an historic name for the territories in Wales lying between the River Conwy and the River Dee. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Perfeddwlad are medieval history of Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Perfeddwlad

Philip II of France

Philip II (21 August 1165 – 14 July 1223), byname Philip Augustus (Philippe Auguste), was King of France from 1180 to 1223.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Philip II of France

Pope Honorius III

Pope Honorius III (c. 1150 – 18 March 1227), born Cencio Savelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 18 July 1216 to his death.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Pope Honorius III

Pope Innocent III

Pope Innocent III (Innocentius III; 22 February 1161 – 16 July 1216), born Lotario dei Conti di Segni (anglicized as Lothar of Segni), was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 January 1198 until his death on 16 July 1216.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Pope Innocent III

Pope Innocent IV

Pope Innocent IV (Innocentius IV; – 7 December 1254), born Sinibaldo Fieschi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 25 June 1243 to his death in 1254.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Pope Innocent IV

Popular monarchy

Popular monarchy is a term used by Kingsley Martin (1936) for monarchical titles referring to a people rather than a territory.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Popular monarchy

Powys Fadog

Powys Fadog (English: Lower Powys or literally Madog's Powys) was the northern portion of the former princely realm of Powys.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Powys Fadog

Powys Wenwynwyn

Powys Wenwynwyn or Powys Cyfeiliog was a Welsh kingdom which existed during the high Middle Ages.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Powys Wenwynwyn

Prime minister

A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Prime minister

Primogeniture

Primogeniture is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn legitimate child to inherit the parent's entire or main estate in preference to shared inheritance among all or some children, any illegitimate child or any collateral relative.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Primogeniture

Principality of Wales

The Principality of Wales (Tywysogaeth Cymru) was originally the territory of the native Welsh princes of the House of Aberffraw from 1216 to 1283, encompassing two-thirds of modern Wales during its height of 1267–1277. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Principality of Wales are medieval history of Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Principality of Wales

Puffin Island (Anglesey)

Puffin Island (Ynys Seiriol) is an uninhabited island off the eastern tip of Anglesey, Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Puffin Island (Anglesey)

Pyrrhic victory

A Pyrrhic victory is a victory that inflicts such a devastating toll on the victor that it is tantamount to defeat.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Pyrrhic victory

Queen dowager

A queen dowager or dowager queen (compare: princess dowager or dowager princess) is a title or status generally held by the widow of a king.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Queen dowager

Radnorshire

Until 1974, Radnorshire (Sir Faesyfed) was an administrative county in mid Wales, later classed as one of the thirteen historic counties of Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Radnorshire

Raid (military)

Raiding, also known as depredation, is a military tactic or operational warfare "smash and grab" mission which has a specific purpose.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Raid (military)

Ralph de Mortimer

Ranulph or Ralph de Mortimer (before 1198 to 6 August 1246) was the second son of Roger de Mortimer and Isabel de Ferrers of Wigmore Castle in Herefordshire.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Ralph de Mortimer

Ralph the Timid

Ralph the Timid, also known as Ralf of Mantes (died 1057), was Earl of Hereford between 1051 and 1055 or 1057.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Ralph the Timid

Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester

Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester and 1st Earl of Lincoln (1170 – 26 October 1232), known in some references as the 4th Earl of Chester (in the second lineage of the title after the original family line was broken after the 2nd Earl), was one of the "old school" of Anglo-Norman barons whose loyalty to the Angevin dynasty was consistent but contingent on the receipt of lucrative favours.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester

Ranulf de Gernon, 4th Earl of Chester

Ranulf II (also known as Ranulf de Gernon), 4th Earl of Chester (1099–1153), was an Anglo-Norman baron who inherited the honour of the palatine county of Chester upon the death of his father Ranulf Meschin, 3rd Earl of Chester.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Ranulf de Gernon, 4th Earl of Chester

Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson

Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson (died 14 February 1229) ruled as King of the Isles from 1187 to 1226.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson

Rector (politics)

Rectors and rectorates in politics and administration included.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Rector (politics)

Religious habit

A religious habit is a distinctive set of religious clothing worn by members of a religious order.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Religious habit

Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn

Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn was an 11th-century Welsh King and co-ruler of the kingdoms of Gwynedd and Powys from 1063 to 1070.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn

Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd

Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd (1147 – 1195) was prince of part of Gwynedd, one of the kingdoms of medieval Wales. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd are monarchs of Gwynedd.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd

Rhodri Mawr

Rhodri ap Merfyn, commonly known as italic, was a Welsh king whose legacy has impacted the history of Wales. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Rhodri Mawr are monarchs of Gwynedd.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Rhodri Mawr

Rhos (North Wales)

italic-term is a region to the east of the River Conwy in North Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Rhos (North Wales)

Rhuddlan Castle

Rhuddlan Castle (Castell Rhuddlan) is a castle located in Rhuddlan, Denbighshire, Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Rhuddlan Castle

Rhufoniog

Rhufoniog was a small sub-kingdom of the Dark Ages Gwynedd, and later a cantref in medieval Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Rhufoniog

Rhun ab Owain Gwynedd

Rhun ab Owain Gwynedd was the eldest child of Owain Gwynedd (the king of Gwynedd between 1137-1170).

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Rhys ab Owain

Rhys ab Owain (died 1078) was a king of Deheubarth in southern Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Rhys ab Owain

Rhys ap Gruffydd

Rhys ap Gruffydd or ap Gruffudd (often anglicised to "Griffith"; c. 1132 – 28 April 1197) was the ruler of the kingdom of Deheubarth in south Wales from 1155 to 1197.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Rhys ap Gruffydd

Rhys ap Tewdwr

Rhys ap Tewdwr (c. 1040 – 1093) was a king of Deheubarth in Wales and member of the Dinefwr dynasty, a branch descended from Rhodri the Great.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Rhys ap Tewdwr

Richard d'Avranches, 2nd Earl of Chester

Richard d'Avranches, 2nd Earl of Chester (1094 – 25 November 1120) was the son of Hugh d'Avranches, 1st Earl of Chester, and his wife, Ermentrude of Clermont.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Richard d'Avranches, 2nd Earl of Chester

Richard fitz Gilbert

Richard fitz Gilbert (before 1035–), 1st feudal baron of Clare in Suffolk, was a Norman lord who participated in the Norman conquest of England in 1066, and was styled "de Bienfaite", "de Clare", and of "Tonbridge" from his holdings.

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Richard Fitz Gilbert de Clare

Richard fitz Gilbert de Clare (died 15 April 1136) 3rd feudal baron of Clare in Suffolk, was an Anglo-Norman nobleman.

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Richard of Cornwall

Richard (5 January 1209 – 2 April 1272) was an English prince who was King of the Romans from 1257 until his death in 1272.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Richard of Cornwall

River Clwyd

The River Clwyd (Afon Clwyd) is a river in Wales that rises in the Clocaenog Forest northwest of Corwen.

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River Dee, Wales

The River Dee (Afon Dyfrdwy, Deva Fluvius) is a river flowing through North Wales, and through Cheshire, England, in Great Britain.

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River Dyfi

The River Dyfi (Afon Dyfi), also known as the River Dovey, is an approximately long river in Wales.

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River Lugg

The River Lugg (Afon Llugwy) rises near Llangynllo in Powys, Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and River Lugg

River Severn

The River Severn (Afon Hafren), at long, is the longest river in Great Britain.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and River Severn

River Tawe

The River Tawe (Afon Tawe) is a long river in South Wales.

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River Towy

The River Towy (Afon Tywi,; also known as the River Tywi) is one of the longest rivers flowing entirely within Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and River Towy

Robert of Bellême, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury

Robert de Bellême (– after 1130), seigneur de Bellême (or Belèsme), seigneur de Montgomery, viscount of the Hiémois, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury and Count of Ponthieu, was an Anglo-Norman nobleman, and one of the most prominent figures in the competition for the succession to England and Normandy between the sons of William the Conqueror.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Robert of Bellême, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury

Robert of Rhuddlan

Robert of Rhuddlan (died 3 July 1093) was a Norman adventurer who became lord of much of north-east Wales and for a period lord of all North Wales.

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Robin Hood

Robin Hood is a legendary heroic outlaw originally depicted in English folklore and subsequently featured in literature, theatre, and cinema.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Robin Hood

Roger de Clare, 2nd Earl of Hertford

Roger de Clare, 2nd Earl of Hertford, 5th Lord of Clare, 5th Lord of Tonbridge, 5th Lord of Cardigan (1116–1173) was a powerful Anglo-Norman noble in 12th-century England.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Roger de Clare, 2nd Earl of Hertford

Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer of Wigmore

Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer of Wigmore (c. 1231 – 27 October 1282), of Wigmore Castle in Herefordshire, was a marcher lord who was a loyal ally of King Henry III of England and at times an enemy, at times an ally, of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer of Wigmore

Sacredness

Sacred describes something that is dedicated or set apart for the service or worship of a deity; is considered worthy of spiritual respect or devotion; or inspires awe or reverence among believers.

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Saint David

David (Dewi Sant; Davidus) was a Welsh Christian prelate who served as Bishop of Mynyw during the 6th century.

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Saint David's Day

Saint David's Day (Dydd Gŵyl Dewi Sant or Dydd Gŵyl Dewi), or the Feast of Saint David, is the feast day of Saint David, the patron saint of Wales, and falls on 1 March, the date of Saint David's death in 589 AD.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Saint David's Day

Seal (emblem)

A seal is a device for making an impression in wax, clay, paper, or some other medium, including an embossment on paper, and is also the impression thus made.

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Settler

A settler is a person who has immigrated to an area and established a permanent residence there.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Settler

Shrewsbury

("May Shrewsbury Flourish") --> Shrewsbury is a market town, civil parish and the county town of Shropshire, England.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Shrewsbury

Skiff

A skiff is any of a variety of essentially unrelated styles of small boats, usually propelled by sails or oars.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Skiff

Snowdonia

Snowdonia, or Eryri, is a mountainous region and national park in North Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Snowdonia

Sovereign state

A sovereign state is a state that has the highest authority over a territory.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Sovereign state

St Davids Cathedral

St Davids Cathedral (Eglwys Gadeiriol Tyddewi) is an Anglican cathedral situated in St Davids, Britain's smallest city, in the county of Pembrokeshire, near the most westerly point of Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and St Davids Cathedral

St Tyfrydog's Church, Llandyfrydog

St Tyfrydog's Church, Llandyfrydog is a small medieval church, in Llandyfrydog, Anglesey, north Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and St Tyfrydog's Church, Llandyfrydog

St Werburghs

St.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and St Werburghs

Stephen Bauzan

Sir Stephen Bauzan (born after 1210 – died 1257) was an English knight.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Stephen Bauzan

Stephen, King of England

Stephen (1092 or 1096 – 25 October 1154), often referred to as Stephen of Blois, was King of England from 22 December 1135 to his death in 1154.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Stephen, King of England

Stepmother

A stepmother, stepmum or stepmom is a female non-biological parent married to one's preexisting parent.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Stepmother

Strata Florida Abbey

Strata Florida Abbey (Abaty Ystrad Fflur) is a former Cistercian abbey situated just outside Pontrhydfendigaid, near Tregaron in the county of Ceredigion, Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Strata Florida Abbey

Suzerainty

Suzerainty includes the rights and obligations of a person, state, or other polity which controls the foreign policy and relations of a tributary state but allows the tributary state internal autonomy.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Suzerainty

Swansea

Swansea (Abertawe) is a coastal city and the second-largest city of Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Swansea

Sweyn Godwinson

Sweyn Godwinson (Swegen Godƿinson) (1020 – 1052), also spelled Swein, was the eldest son of Earl Godwin of Wessex, and brother of Harold II of England.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Sweyn Godwinson

Tactical formation

A tactical formation (or order) is the arrangement or deployment of moving military forces such as infantry, cavalry, AFVs, military aircraft, or naval vessels.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Tactical formation

Talley Abbey

Talley Abbey (Abaty Talyllychau) is a ruined former monastery of the Premonstratensians ("White Canons") in the village of Talley in Carmarthenshire, Wales, six miles (10 km) north of the market town of Llandeilo.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Talley Abbey

Tegeingl

Tegeingl, also known as Englefield, was a cantref in north-east Wales during the mediaeval period. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Tegeingl are medieval history of Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Tegeingl

The Anarchy

The Anarchy was a civil war in England and Normandy between 1138 and 1153, which resulted in a widespread breakdown in law and order.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and The Anarchy

Third Crusade

The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was an attempt led by three European monarchs of Western Christianity (Philip II of France, Richard I of England and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor) to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid sultan Saladin in 1187.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Third Crusade

Thomas Becket

Thomas Becket, also known as Saint Thomas of Canterbury, Thomas of London and later Thomas à Becket (21 December 1119 or 1120 – 29 December 1170), served as Lord Chancellor from 1155 to 1162, and then notably as Archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 until his death in 1170.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Thomas Becket

Thomas of Bayeux

Thomas of Bayeux (died 1100) was Archbishop of York from 1070 until 1100.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Thomas of Bayeux

Tostig Godwinson

Tostig Godwinson (102925 September 1066) was an Anglo-Saxon Earl of Northumbria and brother of King Harold Godwinson.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Tostig Godwinson

Tower of London

The Tower of London, officially His Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London, England.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Tower of London

Towyn

Towyn (Tywyn) is a seaside resort in the Conwy County Borough, Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Towyn

Trahaearn ap Caradog

Trahaearn ap Caradog (1044–1081) was a King of Gwynedd. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Trahaearn ap Caradog are monarchs of Gwynedd.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Trahaearn ap Caradog

Treason

Treason is the crime of attacking a state authority to which one owes allegiance.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Treason

Treasurer

A treasurer is a person responsible for the financial operations of a government, business, or other organization.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Treasurer

Tropical cyclone

A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Tropical cyclone

Usurper

A usurper is an illegitimate or controversial claimant to power, often but not always in a monarchy.

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Vassal

A vassal or liege subject is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe.

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Vikings

Vikings were seafaring people originally from Scandinavia (present-day Denmark, Norway, and Sweden), who from the late 8th to the late 11th centuries raided, pirated, traded, and settled throughout parts of Europe.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Vikings

Wales

Wales (Cymru) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Wales

Welsh language

Welsh (Cymraeg or y Gymraeg) is a Celtic language of the Brittonic subgroup that is native to the Welsh people.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Welsh language

Welsh law

Welsh law (Cyfraith Cymru) is an autonomous part of the English law system composed of legislation made by the Senedd.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Welsh law

Welsh Marches

The Welsh Marches (Y Mers) is an imprecisely defined area along the border between England and Wales in the United Kingdom. History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Welsh Marches are medieval history of Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Welsh Marches

Welsh people

The Welsh (Cymry) are an ethnic group native to Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Welsh people

Welshpool

Welshpool (Y Trallwng) is a market town and community in Powys, Wales, historically in the county of Montgomeryshire.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Welshpool

White Tower (Tower of London)

The White Tower is a central tower, the old keep, at the Tower of London in England.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and White Tower (Tower of London)

Whitewash

Whitewash, calcimine, kalsomine, calsomine, or lime paint is a type of paint made from slaked lime (calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2) or chalk (calcium carbonate, CaCO3), sometimes known as "whiting".

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Whitewash

Whitland

Whitland (Hendy-gwyn,, or Hendy-gwyn ar Daf,, from the medieval Ty Gwyn ar Daf) is a town and community in Carmarthenshire, Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Whitland

Whitland Abbey

Whitland Abbey (Abaty Hendy-gwyn ar Daf or simply Y Tŷ Gwyn ar Daf; Albalanda) was a country house and Cistercian abbey in the parish of Llangan, in what was the hundred of Narberth, Carmarthenshire, Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Whitland Abbey

William de Braose (died 1230)

William de Braose (c. 1197 – 2 May 1230) was the son of Reginald de Braose by his first wife, Grecia Briwere.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and William de Braose (died 1230)

William de Braose, 1st Baron Braose

William de Braose, (alias Breuse, Brewes, Brehuse, Briouze, Brewose etc.; –1291) was the first Baron Braose, as well as Lord of Gower and Lord of Bramber.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and William de Braose, 1st Baron Braose

William de Valence, 1st Earl of Pembroke

William de Valence (died 13 June 1296), born Guillaume de Lusignan, was a French nobleman and knight who became important in English politics due to his relationship to King Henry III of England.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and William de Valence, 1st Earl of Pembroke

William II of England

William II (Williame; – 2 August 1100) was King of England from 26 September 1087 until his death in 1100, with powers over Normandy and influence in Scotland.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and William II of England

William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke

William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1146 or 1147 – 14 May 1219), also called William the Marshal (Norman French: Williame li Mareschal, French: Guillaume le Maréchal), was an Anglo-Norman soldier and statesman during High Medieval England who served five English kings: Henry II and his son and co-ruler Young Henry, Richard I, John, and finally Henry III.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke

William the Conqueror

William the Conqueror (Bates William the Conqueror p. 33– 9 September 1087), sometimes called William the Bastard, was the first Norman king of England (as William I), reigning from 1066 until his death.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and William the Conqueror

Wrexham

Wrexham (Wrecsam) is a city and the administrative centre of Wrexham County Borough in Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Wrexham

Ysbyty Ifan

Ysbyty Ifan (often formerly anglicised as Yspytty Ifan) is a small, historic village and community in the Conwy County Borough of Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Ysbyty Ifan

Ystrad Meurig

Ystrad Meurig (or Ystradmeurig) is a village and community in Ceredigion, Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Ystrad Meurig

Ystrad Tywi

Ystrad Tywi (Valley of the river Towy) is a region of southwest Wales situated on both banks of the River Towy, it contained places such as Cedweli, Carnwyllion, Loughor, Llandeilo, and Gwyr (although this is disputed). History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Ystrad Tywi are medieval history of Wales.

See History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages and Ystrad Tywi

See also

High Middle Ages

• Culture of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages
• England in the High Middle Ages
• High Middle Ages
• High Middle Ages in Azerbaijan
• History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages
• History of Poland during the Piast dynasty
• Imperial cathedrals
• Islamic world contributions to Medieval Europe
• Kievan Rus'
• Landesausbau
• List of oldest heraldry
• Mora (ship)
• Naumburg Cathedral and the High Medieval Cultural Landscape of the Rivers Saale and Unstrut
• Origin of the coat of arms
• Pomerania during the High Middle Ages
• Schleberoda
• Scotland in the High Middle Ages
• Seljuk Empire
• Troubadour
• Troubadours
• Wales in the High Middle Ages

History of Gwynedd

• 1882 Caernarvon Boroughs by-election
• 1984 Llŷn Peninsula earthquake
• Arfon (UK Parliament constituency)
• Battle of Aberconwy
• Battle of Bryn Derwin
• Battle of Mechain
• Black Boy Inn
• Caernarfon (UK Parliament constituency)
• Caernarfon Mithraeum
• Caernarfon town walls
• Caernarfonshire
• Cofi dialect
• Culture of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages
• Cynfrig ap Madog
• Dafydd ap Gruffydd
• District of Aberconwy
• Edeirnion
• Edward Douglas-Pennant, 1st Baron Penrhyn
• Fort Belan
• Glynllifon
• Gwynfynydd Gold Mine
• Hengwrt
• History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages
• Jerusalem Chapel, Bethesda
• Kingdom of Gwynedd
• Llanegryn
• Mary Evans (sect leader)
• Meirionnydd
• Merionethshire
• Nannau, Wales
• National Slate Museum
• Ordovices
• Pen Llystyn
• Rhiw Llwyd
• Rock cannon
• St Cadfan's Church, Tywyn
• St Hywyn's Church, Aberdaron
• Thomas Assheton Smith (1752–1828)

Kingdom of Gwynedd

• Battle of Aberconwy
• Culture of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages
• Gorhoffedd Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd
• History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages
• House of Aberffraw
• House of Cunedda
• House of Gwynedd
• Kingdom of Gwynedd
• List of rulers of Gwynedd
• Painscastle Castle

National histories

• Bolshemys culture
• Captaincy General of Santo Domingo
• Dacianism
• Formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
• Histoire de Belgique (book series)
• History of Åland
• History of Abkhazia
• History of Assyria
• History of Bulgaria
• History of Catalonia
• History of Chechnya
• History of Guernsey
• History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages
• History of Hawaii
• History of Ingushetia
• History of Jersey
• History of Kosovo
• History of Kurdistan
• History of Navarre
• History of Norfolk Island
• History of South Ossetia
• History of Taiwan
• History of Tibet
• History of Tristan da Cunha
• History of the Maldives
• Jewish history
• Kurumchi culture
• List of sovereign state leaders in the Philippines
• Luzones
• Nationalist historiography
• Nationalization of history
• Oghuz Yabgu State
• Politics of memory
• Timeline of geopolitical changes (1900–1999)
• Timeline of geopolitical changes (2000–present)
• Timeline of geopolitical changes (before 1500)

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Gwynedd_during_the_High_Middle_Ages

Also known as Council of Aberdyfi, Gwynedd in the High Middle Ages.

, Buckler, Builth Wells, Burial, Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd, Cadwallon ab Ieuaf, Cadwgan ap Bleddyn, Cadwgan of Llandyfai, Caereinion, Caernarfonshire, Cantref, Cantref Mawr, Caradog ap Gruffydd, Cardigan Castle, Carmarthen Castle, Carmarthenshire, Ceiriog Valley, Cemais (Dyfed), Ceredigion, Chamberlain (office), Chancellor, Chancery (medieval office), Chepstow, Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin, Church in Wales, Cinque Ports, Cistercians, Clynnog Fawr, Colonization, Commote, Conquest of Wales by Edward I, Convention (political norm), Conwy Castle, Conwy County Borough, Corwen, Coup d'état, Creuddyn Peninsula, Culture of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages, Cyfeiliog, Cyfraith Hywel, Cymer Abbey, Cynan ab Iago, Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd, Cynan ap Hywel, Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd, Dafydd ap Llywelyn, Dafydd Benfras, David Powel, David Scotus, De facto, Deheubarth, Deiniol, Denbighshire, Depression (mood), Dinefwr Castle, Dolbadarn Castle, Dolwyddelan, Dunoding, Dyffryn Clwyd, Dyserth, Eadric the Wild, Ealdred (archbishop of York), Earl of East Anglia, Earl of Hereford, Earl of Pembroke, Earl of Wessex, Edith of Mercia, Ednyfed Fychan, Edward I of England, Edward IV, Edward the Confessor, Edwin, Earl of Mercia, Eifionydd, Elen ferch Llywelyn, Elizabeth of York, Ellesmere, Shropshire, Elopement, Emma of Anjou, Empress Matilda, Excommunication, Family seat, Fealty, Firmament, First Barons' War, Flemish people, Flintshire, France in the Middle Ages, Franciscans, Geoffrey of Langley, Gerald of Wales, German mediatisation, Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Hertford, Glamorgan, Goidelic languages, Golden Valley (Herefordshire), Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria, Gower Peninsula, Gruffudd ap Cynan, Gruffudd ap Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, Gruffydd ap Gwenwynwyn, Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, Gruffydd ap Rhydderch, Gruffydd ap Rhys, Gruffydd Maelor I, Guala Bicchieri, Guerrilla warfare, Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd, Gwenwynwyn, Gwladus Ddu, Gwrtheyrnion, Halesowen, Harold Godwinson, Harrying of the North, Haverfordwest, Heir apparent, Henry FitzRoy (died 1158), Henry I of England, Henry II of England, Henry III of England, Henry VII of England, Hereford, Hereford Castle, Hereford Cathedral, Hervey le Breton, High Middle Ages, History of Ireland (1169–1536), History of Wales, Holy Roman Emperor, Homage (feudal), House of Aberffraw, House of Dinefwr, House of Plantagenet, Housecarl, Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent, Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester, Hugh of Montgomery, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury, Hywel ab Edwin, Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd, Hywel Foel ap Griffri ap Pwyll Wyddel, Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig, Ial, Interdict, Iorwerth ab Owain, Iorwerth Drwyndwn, Irish Sea, Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke, Isabella de Braose, Isabella, Countess of Gloucester, J. 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