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History of Lviv, the Glossary

Lviv (Ukrainian: help, L’viv; Lwów; Lemberg or Leopoldstadt (archaic); לעמבערג; Lvov, see also other names) is an administrative center in western Ukraine with more than a millennium of history as a settlement, and over seven centuries as a city.^[1]

275 relations: Act of restoration of the Ukrainian state, Adolf Hitler, Aleksei Brusilov, Alexander Yegorov (soldier), All Saints' Day, Andrey Sheptytsky, Archbishop, Armenian Cathedral of Lviv, Armenian Catholic Church, Armenians, Army of the classical Ottoman Empire, Austria, Austria-Hungary, Austrian Empire, Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, Baltic Sea, Battle of Lemberg (1918), Battle of Lwów (1675), Battle of Lwów (1920), Battle of Lwów (1939), Belle Époque, Belzec extermination camp, Black Sea, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Bolesław I the Brave, Bolsheviks, Boroldai, Brygidki, Bug (river), Bukovina, Casimir III the Great, Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption, Lviv, Catholic Church, Catholicisation, Cemetery of the Defenders of Lwów, Charles XII of Sweden, Chełm, Cherven Cities, Civil disobedience, Collaboration in German-occupied Poland, Concentration camp, Cossacks, Crimean Karaites, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Culture of Ukraine, Daniel of Galicia, De facto, Diet of Galicia and Lodomeria, Dissolution of Austria-Hungary, Dmytro Dedko, ... Expand index (225 more) »
Histories of cities in Ukraine

Act of restoration of the Ukrainian state

The act of restoration of the Ukrainian state (Акт відновлення Української Держави) or proclamation of the Ukrainian state of June 30, 1941, was announced by the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) under the leadership of Stepan Bandera, who declared an independent Ukrainian state in Lviv.

See History of Lviv and Act of restoration of the Ukrainian state

Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945.

See History of Lviv and Adolf Hitler

Aleksei Brusilov

Aleksei Alekseyevich Brusilov (p; – 17 March 1926) was a Russian and later Soviet general most noted for the development of new offensive tactics used in the 1916 Brusilov offensive, which was his greatest achievement.

See History of Lviv and Aleksei Brusilov

Alexander Yegorov (soldier)

Alexander Ilyich Yegorov or Egorov (Aleksandr Il'ich Yegórov) (– 23 February 1939) was a Soviet military leader and one of the original five Marshals of the Soviet Union.

See History of Lviv and Alexander Yegorov (soldier)

All Saints' Day

All Saints' Day, also known as All Hallows' Day, the Feast of All Saints, the Feast of All Hallows, the Solemnity of All Saints, and Hallowmas, is a Christian solemnity celebrated in honour of all the saints of the Church, whether they are known or unknown.

See History of Lviv and All Saints' Day

Andrey Sheptytsky

Andrey Sheptytsky, OSBM (translit; 29 July 1865 – 1 November 1944) was the Greek Catholic Archbishop of Lviv and Metropolitan of Halych from 1901 until his death in 1944.

See History of Lviv and Andrey Sheptytsky

Archbishop

In Christian denominations, an archbishop is a bishop of higher rank or office.

See History of Lviv and Archbishop

Armenian Cathedral of Lviv

The Armenian Cathedral of the Assumption of Mary (Հայկական տաճար; translit; Katedra ormiańska) in Lviv, Ukraine is located in the city's Old Town, north of the market square.

See History of Lviv and Armenian Cathedral of Lviv

Armenian Catholic Church

The Armenian Catholic Church is an Eastern Catholic particular churches sui iuris of the Catholic Church.

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Armenians

Armenians (hayer) are an ethnic group and nation native to the Armenian highlands of West Asia.

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Army of the classical Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman army was the military structure established by Mehmed II, during his reorganization of the state and the military.

See History of Lviv and Army of the classical Ottoman Empire

Austria

Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps.

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Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918.

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Austrian Empire

The Austrian Empire, officially known as the Empire of Austria, was a multinational European great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs.

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Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867

The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (Ausgleich, Kiegyezés) established the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary, which was a military and diplomatic alliance of two sovereign states.

See History of Lviv and Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867

Baltic Sea

The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and the North and Central European Plain.

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Battle of Lemberg (1918)

The Battle of Lemberg (Lviv, Lwów) (in Polish historiography called obrona Lwowa, the Defense of Lwów) took place from November 1918 to May 1919 and was a six-month long conflict in the region of Galicia following the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

See History of Lviv and Battle of Lemberg (1918)

Battle of Lwów (1675)

Battle of Lwów or Battle of Lesienice or Battle of Lviv refers to a battle between the armies of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Ottoman Empire that took place near the city of Lwów (Lviv, western Ukraine) on August 24, 1675.

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Battle of Lwów (1920)

During the Polish-Soviet War of 1920 the city of Lwów (modern Lviv, Ukraine) was attacked by the forces of Alexander Ilyich Yegorov.

See History of Lviv and Battle of Lwów (1920)

Battle of Lwów (1939)

The Battle of Lwów (sometimes called the Siege of Lwów) was a World War II battle for the control over the Polish city of Lwów (now Lviv, Ukraine) between the Polish Army and the invading Wehrmacht and the Red Army.

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Belle Époque

The Belle Époque or La Belle Époque was a period of French and European history that began after the end of the Franco-Prussian War in 1871 and continued until the outbreak of World War I in 1914.

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Belzec extermination camp

Belzec (English: or, Polish) was a Nazi German extermination camp in occupied Poland.

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Black Sea

The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia.

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Bohdan Khmelnytsky

Bohdan Zynoviy Mykhailovych Khmelnytsky (Ruthenian: Ѕѣнові Богданъ Хмелнiцкiи; modern Богдан Зиновій Михайлович Хмельницький, Polish: Bohdan Chmielnicki; 15956 August 1657) was a Ruthenian nobleman and military commander of Ukrainian Cossacks as Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host, which was then under the suzerainty of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

See History of Lviv and Bohdan Khmelnytsky

Bolesław I the Brave

Bolesław I the Brave (17 June 1025), less often known as Bolesław the Great, was Duke of Poland from 992 to 1025, and the first King of Poland in 1025.

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Bolsheviks

The Bolsheviks (italic,; from большинство,, 'majority'), led by Vladimir Lenin, were a far-left faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks at the Second Party Congress in 1903.

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Boroldai

Boroldai (or Burulday, Borolday), also known as Burundai, (Cyrillic: Боролдай) (died 1262) was a notable Mongol general of the mid 13th century.

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Brygidki

Brygidki (Бригідки) is a prison in the building of a former Bridgettine nunnery in Lviv, Ukraine.

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Bug (river)

The Bug or Western Bug is a major river in Central Europe that flows through Belarus (border), Poland, and Ukraine, with a total length of.

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Bukovina

BukovinaBukowina or Buchenland; Bukovina; Bukowina; Bucovina; Bukovyna; see also other languages.

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Casimir III the Great

Casimir III the Great (Kazimierz III Wielki; 30 April 1310 – 5 November 1370) reigned as the King of Poland from 1333 to 1370.

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Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption, Lviv

The Archcathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Архикатедральна Базиліка Пресвятої Діви Марії; Bazylika Archikateldralna Najświętszej Maryi Panny), usually called simply the Latin Cathedral (Лати́нський собо́р, Katedra Łacińska) is a 14th-century Roman Catholic cathedral in Lviv, western Ukraine.

See History of Lviv and Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption, Lviv

Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

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Catholicisation

Catholicisation refers mainly to the conversion of adherents of other religions into Catholicism, and the system of expanding Catholic influence in politics.

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Cemetery of the Defenders of Lwów

The Cemetery of the Defenders of Lwów (Cmentarz Obrońców Lwowa, Cmentarz Orląt, Cemetery of Eaglets, Orlat Cemetery) is a memorial and a burial place for the Poles and their allies who died in Lwów (Lviv) during the hostilities of the Polish-Ukrainian War and Polish-Soviet War between 1918 and 1920.

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Charles XII of Sweden

Charles XII, sometimes Carl XII (Karl XII) or Carolus Rex (17 June 1682 – 30 November 1718 O.S.), was King of Sweden (including current Finland) from 1697 to 1718.

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Chełm

Chełm (Kholm; Cholm; Khelm) is a city in southeastern Poland with 60,231 inhabitants as of December 2021.

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Cherven Cities

The Cherven Cities or Cherven Gords (Grody Czerwieńskie, Ukrainian: Червенські Городи), often literally translated as Red Cities, Red Forts or Red Boroughs, was a point of dispute between the Kingdom of Poland and Kievan Rus' at the turn of the 10th and 11th centuries, with both sides claiming their rights to the land.

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Civil disobedience

Civil disobedience is the active, and professed refusal of a citizen to obey certain laws, demands, orders or commands of a government (or any other authority).

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Collaboration in German-occupied Poland

During the German occupation of Poland, citizens of all its major ethnic groups collaborated with the Germans.

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Concentration camp

A concentration camp is a form of internment camp for confining political prisoners or politically targeted demographics, such as members of national or minority ethnic groups, on the grounds of state security, or for exploitation or punishment.

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Cossacks

The Cossacks are a predominantly East Slavic Orthodox Christian people originating in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Ukraine and southern Russia.

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Crimean Karaites

The Crimean Karaites or Krymkaraylar (Crimean Karaim: Кърымкъарайлар, Qrımqaraylar, singular къарай, qaray; Trakai dialect: karajlar, singular karaj; קראי מזרח אירופה; Qaraylar), also known as Karaims and Qarays, are an ethnicity of Turkic-speaking adherents of Karaite Judaism in Central and Eastern Europe, especially in the territory of the old Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Crimea.

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Crown of the Kingdom of Poland

The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (Korona Królestwa Polskiego; Corona Regni Poloniae) was a political and legal idea formed in the 14th century, assuming unity, indivisibility and continuity of the state.

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Culture of Ukraine

The culture of Ukraine is composed of the material and spiritual values of the Ukrainian people that has formed throughout the history of Ukraine.

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Daniel of Galicia

Daniel Romanovich (1201–1264) was Prince of Galicia (1205–1207; 1211–1212; 1230–1232; 1233–1234; 1238–1264), Volhynia (1205–1208; 1215–1238), Grand Prince of Kiev (1240), and King of Ruthenia (1253–1264).

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De facto

De facto describes practices that exist in reality, regardless of whether they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms.

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Diet of Galicia and Lodomeria

The Diet of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, and of the Grand Duchy of Cracow was the regional assembly of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, a crown land of the Austrian Empire, and later Austria-Hungary.

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Dissolution of Austria-Hungary

The dissolution of Austria-Hungary was a major geopolitical event that occurred as a result of the growth of internal social contradictions and the separation of different parts of Austria-Hungary.

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Dmytro Dedko

Dmytro Dedko (Demetrius Dedko, Дмитро Дедько) was a Lord of Ruthenia in 1340 (1323) – 1349.

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Dmytro Vitovsky

Dmytro Vitovsky (Дмитро Вітовський; 8 November 1887 – 2 or 4 August 1919) was a Ukrainian politician and military leader.

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Eastern Catholic Churches

The Eastern Catholic Churches or Oriental Catholic Churches, also called the Eastern-Rite Catholic Churches, Eastern Rite Catholicism, or simply the Eastern Churches, are 23 Eastern Christian autonomous (sui iuris) particular churches of the Catholic Church, in full communion with the Pope in Rome.

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Eastern Galicia

Eastern Galicia (Skhidna Halychyna; Galicja Wschodnia; Ostgalizien) is a geographical region in Western Ukraine (present day oblasts of Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Ternopil), having also essential historic importance in Poland.

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Eastern Orthodoxy

Eastern Orthodoxy, otherwise known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity or Byzantine Christianity, is one of the three main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity, alongside Catholicism and Protestantism.

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Eastern Trade Fair

The Eastern Trade Fair or Targi Wschodnie in Polish was a major trade fair in interbellum Poland.

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Einsatzgruppen

Einsatzgruppen (also 'task forces') were Schutzstaffel (SS) paramilitary death squads of Nazi Germany that were responsible for mass murder, primarily by shooting, during World War II (1939–1945) in German-occupied Europe.

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Electric light

An electric light, lamp, or light bulb is an electrical component that produces light.

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English people

The English people are an ethnic group and nation native to England, who speak the English language, a West Germanic language, and share a common ancestry, history, and culture.

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Exarchate

An exarchate is any territorial jurisdiction, either secular or ecclesiastical, whose ruler is called an exarch.

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Extermination camp

Nazi Germany used six extermination camps (Vernichtungslager), also called death camps (Todeslager), or killing centers (Tötungszentren), in Central Europe during World War II to systematically murder over 2.7 million peoplemostly Jewsin the Holocaust.

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Ferdinand I of Austria

Ferdinand I (Ferdinand I. 19 April 1793 – 29 June 1875) was Emperor of Austria from March 1835 until his abdication in December 1848.

See History of Lviv and Ferdinand I of Austria

Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II

The flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland was the largest of a series of flights and expulsions of Germans in Europe during and after World War II.

See History of Lviv and Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II

Fortification

A fortification (also called a fort, fortress, fastness, or stronghold) is a military construction designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime.

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Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), commonly known by his initials FDR, was an American politician who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.

See History of Lviv and Franklin D. Roosevelt

Galicia (Eastern Europe)

Galicia (. Collins English Dictionary Galicja,; translit,; Galitsye) is a historical and geographic region spanning what is now southeastern Poland and western Ukraine, long part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Galicia (Spain)

Galicia (Galicia (officially) or Galiza; Galicia) is an autonomous community of Spain and historic nationality under Spanish law.

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Galicia–Volhynia Wars

The Galicia–Volhynia Wars were several wars fought in the years 1340–1392 over the succession in the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, also known as Ruthenia.

See History of Lviv and Galicia–Volhynia Wars

Galician–Volhynian Chronicle

The Galician–Volhynian Chronicle (GVC) (Halycjko-Volynsjkyj litopys, called "Halicz-Wolyn Chronicle" in Polish historiography), also known as Chronicle of Halych–Volhynia and The Dynastic Chronicle of the Romanovichi, is a prominent work of Old Ruthenian literature and historiographyKotlyar, M..

See History of Lviv and Galician–Volhynian Chronicle

Garrison

A garrison (from the French garnison, itself from the verb garnir, "to equip") is any body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it.

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Gas lighting

Gas lighting is the production of artificial light from combustion of a fuel gas such as methane, propane, butane, acetylene, ethylene, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, coal gas (town gas) or natural gas.

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General National Exhibition in Lviv

The General National Exhibition in Lviv (Polish: Powszechna Wystawa Krajowa we Lwowie) was a national exposition held in 1894 in the city of Lviv (Polish: Lwów) on the centenary of the Kościuszko Uprising.

See History of Lviv and General National Exhibition in Lviv

Geographical distribution of Ukrainian speakers

A Ukrainophone (українськомовний, ukrainskomovnyi) is a person who speaks the Ukrainian language either natively or by preference.

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George I Rákóczi

George I Rákóczi (8 June 1593 – 11 October 1648) was Prince of Transylvania from 1630 until his death in 1648.

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Georgians

The Georgians, or Kartvelians (tr), are a nation and Caucasian ethnic group native to present-day Georgia and surrounding areas historically associated with the Georgian kingdoms.

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Ger toshav

Ger toshav (גר תושב, ger: "foreigner" or "alien" + toshav: "resident", lit. "resident alien") is a halakhic term used in Judaism to designate the legal status of a Gentile (non-Jew) living in the Land of Israel who does not want to convert to Judaism but agrees to observe the Seven Laws of Noah, a set of imperatives which, according to the Talmud, were given by God as a binding set of universal moral laws for the "sons of Noah"—that is, all of humanity.

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German concentration camps

German concentration camps may refer to different camps which were operated by German states.

See History of Lviv and German concentration camps

German minority in Poland

The registered German minority in Poland (Niemcy w Polsce) at the Polish census of 2021 were 144,177.

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Germanisation

Germanisation, or Germanization, is the spread of the German language, people, and culture.

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Germans

Germans are the natives or inhabitants of Germany, or sometimes more broadly any people who are of German descent or native speakers of the German language.

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Germany

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.

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Ghetto

A ghetto is a part of a city in which members of a minority group are concentrated, especially as a result of political, social, legal, religious, environmental or economic pressure.

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Glasnost

Glasnost (гласность) is a concept relating to openness and transparency.

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Gord (archaeology)

A gord is a medieval Slavonic fortified settlement, usually built on strategic sites such as hilltops, riverbanks, lake islets or peninsulas between the 6th and 12th centuries in Central and Eastern Europe.

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Grand Duchy of Lithuania

The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a sovereign state in northeastern Europe that existed from the 13th century, succeeding the Kingdom of Lithuania, to the late 18th century, when the territory was suppressed during the 1795 partitions of Poland–Lithuania.

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Great Northern War

The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.

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Greek Catholic Church

Greek Catholic Church may refer to.

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Guild

A guild is an association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular territory.

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Halych

Halych (Галич; Halici; Halicz; Galich; Halytsch, Halitsch or Galitsch; Heylitsh) is a historic city on the Dniester River in western Ukraine.

See History of Lviv and Halych

History of Christianity in Ukraine

The history of Christianity in Ukraine dates back to the earliest centuries of the history of Christianity, to the Apostolic Age, with mission trips along the Black Sea and a legend of Andrew the Apostle even ascending the hills of Kiev.

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Home Army

The Home Army (Armia Krajowa,; abbreviated AK) was the dominant resistance movement in German-occupied Poland during World War II.

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House of Habsburg

The House of Habsburg (Haus Habsburg), also known as the House of Austria, was one of the most prominent and important dynasties in European history.

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Hungarians

Hungarians, also known as Magyars (magyarok), are a Central European nation and an ethnic group native to Hungary and historical Hungarian lands (i.e. belonging to the former Kingdom of Hungary) who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language.

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Ignacy Łukasiewicz

Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz (8 March 1822 – 7 January 1882) was a Polish pharmacist, engineer, businessman, inventor, and philanthropist.

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Imperial Austrian Army (1806–1867)

The Imperial Austrian Army formed the land forces of the Austrian Empire.

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Imperial Council (Austria)

The Imperial Council was the legislature of the Austrian Empire from 1861 until 1918.

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In Darkness (2011 film)

In Darkness (W ciemności) is a 2011 Polish drama film written by David F. Shamoon and directed by Agnieszka Holland.

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Intelligentsia

The intelligentsia is a status class composed of the university-educated people of a society who engage in the complex mental labours by which they critique, shape, and lead in the politics, policies, and culture of their society; as such, the intelligentsia consists of scholars, academics, teachers, journalists, and literary writers.

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Interwar period

In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period (or interbellum) lasted from 11November 1918 to 1September 1939 (20years, 9months, 21days) – from the end of World War I (WWI) to the beginning of World War II (WWII).

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Invasion of Poland

The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign, Polish Campaign, War of Poland of 1939, and Polish Defensive War of 1939 (1 September – 6 October 1939), was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Slovak Republic, and the Soviet Union, which marked the beginning of World War II.

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Italians

Italians (italiani) are an ethnic group native to the Italian geographical region.

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Jadwiga of Poland

Jadwiga (1373 or 137417 July 1399), also known as Hedwig (Hedvig), was the first woman to be crowned as monarch of the Kingdom of Poland.

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Janowska concentration camp

Janowska concentration camp (Janowska, Янов or "Yanov", Янівський табір) was a German Nazi concentration camp combining elements of labor, transit, and extermination camps.

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Józef Maksymilian Ossoliński

Count Józef Kajetan Piotr Maksymilian Ossoliński known as Józef Maksymilian Ossoliński (1748 – 17 March 1826) was a Polish nobleman, landowner, politician, novelist, poet, historian and researcher into literature, historian, translator, lexicographer, bibliophile, a forerunner of Slavic studies and a leading figure of the Polish Enlightenment.

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Jewish culture

Jewish culture is the culture of the Jewish people, from its formation in ancient times until the current age.

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Jews

The Jews (יְהוּדִים) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites of the ancient Near East, and whose traditional religion is Judaism.

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John II Casimir Vasa

John II Casimir Vasa (Jan II Kazimierz Waza; Jonas Kazimieras Vaza; 22 March 1609 – 16 December 1672) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1648 to his abdication in 1668 as well as a claimant to the throne of Sweden from 1648 to 1660.

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John III Sobieski

John III Sobieski (Jan III Sobieski; Jonas III Sobieskis; Ioannes III Sobiscius 17 August 1629 – 17 June 1696) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1674 until his death in 1696.

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Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor

Joseph II (German: Josef Benedikt Anton Michael Adam; English: Joseph Benedict Anthony Michael Adam; 13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 18 August 1765 and sole ruler of the Habsburg monarchy from 29 November 1780 until his death.

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Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953.

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Karl Georg Huyn

Karl Georg Otto Maria Graf von Huyn was an Austro-Hungarian colonel general and the last military governor of Galicia during World War I.

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Kerosene lamp

A kerosene lamp (also known as a paraffin lamp in some countries) is a type of lighting device that uses kerosene as a fuel.

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Kievan Rus'

Kievan Rus', also known as Kyivan Rus,.

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Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria

The Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, also known as Austrian Galicia or colloquially Austrian Poland, was a constituent possession of the Habsburg monarchy in the historical region of Galicia in Eastern Europe.

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Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia

The Principality or, from 1253, Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, also known as the Kingdom of Ruthenia, was a medieval state in Eastern Europe which existed from 1199 to 1349.

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Kraków

(), also spelled as Cracow or Krakow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland.

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Kresy

Eastern Borderlands (Kresy Wschodnie) or simply Borderlands (Kresy) was a term coined for the eastern part of the Second Polish Republic during the interwar period (1918–1939).

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Labor camp

A labor camp (or labour camp, see spelling differences) or work camp is a detention facility where inmates are forced to engage in penal labor as a form of punishment.

See History of Lviv and Labor camp

Latin

Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

See History of Lviv and Latin

Leo I of Galicia

Leo I of Galicia (translit; – c. 1301) was King of Ruthenia, Prince of Belz (1245–1264), Peremyshl, Galicia (1264–1269), and Kiev (1271–1301).

See History of Lviv and Leo I of Galicia

List of Polish monarchs

Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes and princes (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries).

See History of Lviv and List of Polish monarchs

Liubartas

Demetrius of Liubar or Liubartas (also Lubart, Lubko, Lubardus, baptized Dmitry; died) was Prince of Lutsk and Liubar (Volhynia) (1323–1383), Prince of Zhytomyr (1363–1374), Grand Prince of Volhynia (1340–1383), Grand Prince of Halych–Volhynia (1340–1349).

See History of Lviv and Liubartas

Loader (equipment)

A loader is a heavy equipment machine used in construction to move or load materials such as soil, rock, sand, demolition debris, etc.

See History of Lviv and Loader (equipment)

Local government

Local government is a generic term for the lowest tiers of governance or public administration within a particular sovereign state.

See History of Lviv and Local government

Louis I of Hungary

Louis I, also Louis the Great (Nagy Lajos; Ludovik Veliki; Ľudovít Veľký) or Louis the Hungarian (Ludwik Węgierski; 5 March 132610 September 1382), was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1342 and King of Poland from 1370.

See History of Lviv and Louis I of Hungary

Lviv

Lviv (Львів; see below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the sixth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine.

See History of Lviv and Lviv

Lviv Bus Factory

The Lviv Automobile Factory (Львівський автомобільний завод), mostly known under its obsolete name Lvivskyi Avtobusnyi Zavod (Львівський автобусний завод, literally "Lviv Bus Factory") was a bus manufacturing company in Lviv, Ukraine.

See History of Lviv and Lviv Bus Factory

Lviv Oblast

Lviv Oblast (translit), also referred to as Lvivshchyna (Львівщина), is an oblast in western Ukraine.

See History of Lviv and Lviv Oblast

Lviv strikes (2022–present)

The 2022–present bombing of Lviv and the Lviv Oblast began after the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

See History of Lviv and Lviv strikes (2022–present)

Lviv Theatre of Opera and Ballet

The Solomiya Krushelnytska Lviv State Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet (Львівський Національний академічний театр опери та балету імені Соломії Крушельницької) or Lviv Opera (Львівська оперa, Opera Lwowska) is an opera house located in Lviv, Ukraine's largest western city and one of its cultural centres.

See History of Lviv and Lviv Theatre of Opera and Ballet

Lvov-Sandomierz Offensive

The Lvov–Sandomierz offensive or Lvov–Sandomierz strategic offensive operation (Львовско-Сандомирская стратегическая наступательная операция) was a major Red Army operation to force the German troops from Ukraine and Eastern Poland.

See History of Lviv and Lvov-Sandomierz Offensive

Lwów dialect

The Lwów dialect (gwara lwowska, Yiddish: לעמבערג דיאלעקט) is a subdialect (gwara) of the Polish language characteristic of the inhabitants of the then Polish city of Lviv (Lwów, Yiddish: לעמבעריק), now in Ukraine.

See History of Lviv and Lwów dialect

Lwów Eaglets

Lwów Eaglets (Orlęta lwowskie) is a term of affection that is applied to the Polish child soldiers who defended the city of Lwów (L'viv), in Eastern Galicia, during the Polish-Ukrainian War (1918–1919).

See History of Lviv and Lwów Eaglets

Lwów Ghetto

The Lwów Ghetto (Ghetto Lemberg; getto we Lwowie) was a Nazi ghetto in the city of Lwów (now Lviv, Ukraine) in the territory of Nazi-administered General Government in German-occupied Poland.

See History of Lviv and Lwów Ghetto

Lwów Oath

The Lwów Oath (Śluby lwowskie) was an oath made on April 1, 1656 by Polish king John II Casimir in Latin cathedral in the city of Lwów (today Lviv, western Ukraine).

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Lwów pogrom (1918)

The Lwów pogrom (pogrom lwowski, Lemberger Pogrom) was a pogrom perpetrated by Polish soldiers and civilians against the Jewish population of the city of Lwów (since 1945, Lviv, Ukraine).

See History of Lviv and Lwów pogrom (1918)

Lwów School of Mathematics

The Lwów school of mathematics (Lwowska szkoła matematyczna) was a group of Polish mathematicians who worked in the interwar period in Lwów, Poland (since 1945 Lviv, Ukraine).

See History of Lviv and Lwów School of Mathematics

Lwów Uprising

The Lwów Uprising (powstanie lwowskie) was an armed insurrection by the Home Army (Armia Krajowa) underground forces of the Polish resistance movement in World War II against the Nazi German occupation of the city of Lviv in the latter stages of World War II.

See History of Lviv and Lwów Uprising

Lwów Voivodeship

Lwów Voivodeship (Województwo lwowskie) was an administrative unit of interwar Poland (1918–1939).

See History of Lviv and Lwów Voivodeship

Lychakiv Cemetery

Lychakiv Cemetery (translit; Cmentarz Łyczakowski we Lwowie), officially State History and Culture Museum-Preserve "Lychakiv Cemetery" (Державний історико-культурний музей-заповідник «Лича́ківський цви́нтар»), is a historic cemetery in Lviv, Ukraine.

See History of Lviv and Lychakiv Cemetery

Lychakivskyi District

Lychakivskyi District (Личаківський район) is an urban district of the city of Lviv, named after the historical district of Lychakiv.

See History of Lviv and Lychakivskyi District

Magdeburg rights

Magdeburg rights (Magdeburger Recht, Prawo magdeburskie, Magdeburgo teisė; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages granted by the local ruler.

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Martial law

Martial law is the replacement of civilian government by military rule and the suspension of civilian legal processes for military powers.

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Massacre of Lwów professors

In July 1941, 25 Polish academics from the city of Lwów (now Lviv, Ukraine) along with the 25 of their family members were killed by Nazi German occupation forces.

See History of Lviv and Massacre of Lwów professors

Mehmed IV

Mehmed IV (Meḥmed-i rābi; IV.; 2 January 1642 – 6 January 1693), also known as Mehmed the Hunter (Avcı Mehmed), was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1648 to 1687.

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Metropolitan bishop

In Christian churches with episcopal polity, the rank of metropolitan bishop, or simply metropolitan (alternative obsolete form: metropolite), pertains to the diocesan bishop or archbishop of a metropolis.

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Mieszko II Lambert

Mieszko II Lambert (c. 990 – 10/11 May 1034) was King of Poland from 1025 to 1031, and Duke from 1032 until his death.

See History of Lviv and Mieszko II Lambert

Military Inter-Allied Commission of Control

The term Military Inter-Allied Commission of Control was used in a series of peace treaties concluded after the First World War (1914–1918) between different countries.

See History of Lviv and Military Inter-Allied Commission of Control

Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact

The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, officially the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, was a non-aggression pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union with a secret protocol that partitioned between them or managed the sovereignty of the states in Central and Eastern Europe: Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland and Romania.

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Municipal council

A municipal council is the legislative body of a municipality or local government area.

See History of Lviv and Municipal council

Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.

See History of Lviv and Nazi Germany

Nazi hunter

A Nazi hunter is an individual who tracks down and gathers information on alleged former Nazis, or SS members, and Nazi collaborators who were involved in the Holocaust, typically for use at trial on charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity.

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New Order (Nazism)

The New Order (Neuordnung) of Europe was the political and social system that Nazi Germany wanted to impose on the areas of Europe that it conquered and occupied.

See History of Lviv and New Order (Nazism)

NKVD

The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (Narodnyy komissariat vnutrennikh del), abbreviated as NKVD, was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union from 1934 to 1946.

See History of Lviv and NKVD

NKVD prisoner massacres in Lviv

The NKVD prison massacres in Lviv were a mass murder of prisoners held in Lviv prisons and detention centers, carried out by Soviet NKVD and NKGB officers in the last days of June 1941.

See History of Lviv and NKVD prisoner massacres in Lviv

Obstetrics

Obstetrics is the field of study concentrated on pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period.

See History of Lviv and Obstetrics

Operation Barbarossa

Operation Barbarossa (Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and many of its Axis allies, starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II.

See History of Lviv and Operation Barbarossa

Operation Tempest

right Operation Tempest (akcja „Burza”, sometimes referred to in English as "Operation Storm") was a series of uprisings conducted during World War II against occupying German forces by the Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa, abbreviated AK), the dominant force in the Polish resistance.

See History of Lviv and Operation Tempest

Opole

Opole (Oppeln; Ôpole) is a city located in southern Poland on the Oder River and the historical capital of Upper Silesia.

See History of Lviv and Opole

Orange Revolution

The Orange Revolution (translit) was a series of protests, that lead to political upheaval in Ukraine from late November 2004 to January 2005.

See History of Lviv and Orange Revolution

Orest Subtelny

Orest Subtelny (О́рест Миросла́вович Субте́льний, 17 May 1941 – 24 July 2016) was a Ukrainian-Canadian historian.

See History of Lviv and Orest Subtelny

Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists

The Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN; Orhanizatsiia ukrainskykh natsionalistiv) was a Ukrainian nationalist organization established in 1929 in Vienna, uniting the Ukrainian Military Organization with smaller, mainly youth, radical nationalist right-wing groups.

See History of Lviv and Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists

Ossolineum

Ossoliński National Institute (Zakład Narodowy im., ZNiO), or the Ossolineum is a Polish cultural foundation, publishing house, archival institute and a research centre of national significance founded in 1817 in Lwów (now Lviv).

See History of Lviv and Ossolineum

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.

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Ottoman Turks

The Ottoman Turks (Osmanlı Türkleri) were a Turkic ethnic group.

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Partitions of Poland

The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 123 years.

See History of Lviv and Partitions of Poland

Paul Robert Magocsi

Paul Robert Magocsi (born January 26, 1945) is an American professor of history, political science, and Chair of Ukrainian Studies at the University of Toronto.

See History of Lviv and Paul Robert Magocsi

People's Movement of Ukraine

The People's Movement of Ukraine (Narodnyi Rukh Ukrayiny) is a Ukrainian political party and the first opposition party in Soviet Ukraine.

See History of Lviv and People's Movement of Ukraine

Perestroika

Perestroika (a) was a political reform movement within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) during the late 1980s, widely associated with CPSU general secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost (meaning "transparency") policy reform.

See History of Lviv and Perestroika

Piast dynasty

The House of Piast was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland.

See History of Lviv and Piast dynasty

Pogrom

A pogrom is a violent riot incited with the aim of massacring or expelling an ethnic or religious group, particularly Jews.

See History of Lviv and Pogrom

Poland

Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe.

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Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences

The Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences or Polish Academy of Learning (Polska Akademia Umiejętności, PAU), headquartered in Kraków and founded in 1872, is one of two institutions in contemporary Poland having the nature of an academy of sciences (the other being the Polish Academy of Sciences, headquartered in Warsaw).

See History of Lviv and Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences

Polish Armed Forces

The Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland (Siły Zbrojne Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej,; abbreviated SZ RP), also called the Polish Armed Forces and popularly called Wojsko Polskie in Poland (roughly the "Polish Military"—abbreviated WP) are the national armed forces of the Republic of Poland.

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Polish Historical Society

Polish Historical Society (Polskie Towarzystwo Historyczne, PTH) is a Polish professional scientific society for historians.

See History of Lviv and Polish Historical Society

Polish language

Polish (język polski,, polszczyzna or simply polski) is a West Slavic language of the Lechitic group within the Indo-European language family written in the Latin script.

See History of Lviv and Polish language

Polish people

Polish people, or Poles, are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation who share a common history, culture, the Polish language and are identified with the country of Poland in Central Europe.

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Polish resistance movement in World War II

In Poland, the resistance movement during World War II was led by the Home Army.

See History of Lviv and Polish resistance movement in World War II

Polish Theater in Vilnius

The Polish Theater in Vilnius (Polski Teatr w Wilnie) is a Polish-language theater in Vilnius, Lithuania.

See History of Lviv and Polish Theater in Vilnius

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Poland–Lithuania, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and also referred to as the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth or the First Polish Republic, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch in real union, who was both King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania.

See History of Lviv and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Polish–Soviet War

The Polish–Soviet War (late autumn 1918 / 14 February 1919 – 18 March 1921) was fought primarily between the Second Polish Republic and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic before it became a union republic in the aftermath of World War I and the Russian Revolution, on territories which were previously held by the Russian Empire and the Habsburg Monarchy following the Partitions of Poland.

See History of Lviv and Polish–Soviet War

Polonization

Polonization or Polonisation (polonizacja)In Polish historiography, particularly pre-WWII (e.g., L. Wasilewski. As noted in Смалянчук А. Ф. (Smalyanchuk 2001) Паміж краёвасцю і нацыянальнай ідэяй. Польскі рухна беларускіхі літоўскіхземлях.

See History of Lviv and Polonization

Population transfer in the Soviet Union

From 1930 to 1952, the government of the Soviet Union, on the orders of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin under the direction of the NKVD official Lavrentiy Beria, forcibly transferred populations of various groups.

See History of Lviv and Population transfer in the Soviet Union

Poverty in Austrian Galicia

Poverty in Austrian Galicia was extreme, particularly in the late 19th century.

See History of Lviv and Poverty in Austrian Galicia

Poznań International Fair

The Poznań International Fair (PIF, Międzynarodowe Targi Poznańskie, MTP) is the biggest industrial fair in Poland.

See History of Lviv and Poznań International Fair

Prague

Prague (Praha) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia.

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Prosvita

Prosvita (просвіта, 'enlightenment') is an enlightenment society aimed to preserve and develop Ukrainian culture, education and science, that was created in the nineteenth century in Austria-Hungary's Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria.

See History of Lviv and Prosvita

Protestantism

Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes justification of sinners through faith alone, the teaching that salvation comes by unmerited divine grace, the priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice.

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Przemyśl

Przemyśl is a city in southeastern Poland with 58,721 inhabitants, as of December 2021.

See History of Lviv and Przemyśl

Purdue University Press

Purdue University Press, founded in 1960, is a university press affiliated with Purdue University and overseen by Purdue University Libraries.

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Recovered Territories

The Recovered Territories or Regained Lands (Ziemie Odzyskane), also known as the Western Borderlands (Kresy Zachodnie), and previously as the Western and Northern Territories (Ziemie Zachodnie i Północne), Postulated Territories (Ziemie Postulowane) and Returning Territories (Ziemie Powracające), are the former eastern territories of Germany and the Free City of Danzig that became part of Poland after World War II, at which time most of their German inhabitants were forcibly deported.

See History of Lviv and Recovered Territories

Rector (academia)

A rector (Latin for 'ruler') is a senior official in an educational institution, and can refer to an official in either a university or a secondary school.

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Red Army

The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union.

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Red Cossacks

The Red Cossacks (Червоне козацтво, Червонное казачество) was a military formation of Bolsheviks and the Soviet government of Ukraine.

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Red Ruthenia

Red Ruthenia, or Red Rus' (Chervona Rus'; Ruś Czerwona; Ruthenia Rubra; Russia Rubra; Chervonnaya Rus' or Krasnaya Rus'; Rutenia Roșie), is a term used since the Middle Ages for the south-western principalities of the Kievan Rus', namely the Principality of Peremyshl and the Principality of Belz.

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Referendum

A referendum (referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue.

See History of Lviv and Referendum

Renaissance Revival architecture

Renaissance Revival architecture (sometimes referred to as "Neo-Renaissance") is a group of 19th-century architectural revival styles which were neither Greek Revival nor Gothic Revival but which instead drew inspiration from a wide range of classicizing Italian modes.

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Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire

The Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire were a set of revolutions that took place in the Austrian Empire from March 1848 to November 1849.

See History of Lviv and Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire

Romanian Bridgehead

The Romanian Bridgehead (Przedmoście rumuńskie; Capul de pod român) was an area in southeastern Poland that is now located in Ukraine.

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Romanovich

Romanovich (Романович) or Romanowicz (Polish version) is a gender-neutral Slavic surname and a patronymic name.

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Rurikids

The Rurik dynasty, also known as the Rurikid or Riurikid dynasty, as well as simply Rurikids or Riurikids, was a noble lineage allegedly founded by the Varangian prince Rurik, who, according to tradition, established himself at Novgorod in the year 862. The Rurikids were the ruling dynasty of Kievan Rus' and its principalities following its disintegration.

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Russian invasion of Ukraine

On 24 February 2022, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, which started in 2014.

See History of Lviv and Russian invasion of Ukraine

Russian occupation of Eastern Galicia (1914–1915)

On August 18, 1914, the Russian Empire invaded the Austrian Crownland of Galicia.

See History of Lviv and Russian occupation of Eastern Galicia (1914–1915)

Russian Orthodox Church

The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; Russkaya pravoslavnaya tserkov', abbreviated as РПЦ), alternatively legally known as the Moscow Patriarchate (Moskovskiy patriarkhat), is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Christian church.

See History of Lviv and Russian Orthodox Church

Russification

Russification (rusifikatsiya), or Russianization, is a form of cultural assimilation in which non-Russians, whether involuntarily or voluntarily, give up their culture and language in favor of the Russian culture and the Russian language.

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Ruthenian language

Ruthenian (ру́скаꙗ мо́ва or ру́скїй ѧзы́къ; see also other names) is an exonymic linguonym for a closely related group of East Slavic linguistic varieties, particularly those spoken from the 15th to 18th centuries in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and in East Slavic regions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

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Ruthenian Voivodeship

The Ruthenian Voivodeship (Palatinatus russiae; Województwo ruskie; Ruske voievodstvo) was a voivodeship of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland from 1434 until the First Partition of Poland in 1772, with its center in the city of Lwów (now Lviv).

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Ruthenians

Ruthenian and Ruthene are exonyms of Latin origin, formerly used in Eastern and Central Europe as common ethnonyms for East Slavs, particularly during the late medieval and early modern periods.

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Sanok, Poland

Sanok (in full the Royal Free City of Sanok — Królewskie Wolne Miasto Sanok, Санок, Sanok, Сянок or Cянік, Sianok or Sianik, Sanocum, סאניק, Sonik) is a town in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship of southeastern Poland with 38,397 inhabitants, as of June 2016.

See History of Lviv and Sanok, Poland

Scottish Café

The Scottish Café (Kawiarnia Szkocka) was a café in Lwów, Poland (now Lviv, Ukraine) where, in the 1930s and 1940s, mathematicians from the Lwów School of Mathematics collaboratively discussed research problems, particularly in functional analysis and topology.

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Scottish people

The Scottish people or Scots (Scots fowk; Albannaich) are an ethnic group and nation native to Scotland.

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Second Polish Republic

The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 7 October 1918 and 6 October 1939.

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Semper fidelis

Semper fidelis is a Latin phrase that means "always faithful" or "always loyal" (Fidelis or Fidelity).

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Semyon Budyonny

Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny (a; – 26 October 1973) was a Soviet cavalryman, military commander during the Russian Civil War, Polish-Soviet War and World War II, and politician, who was a close political ally of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin.

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Semyon Timoshenko

Semyon Konstantinovich Timoshenko (Семён Константинович Тимошенко; Semen Kostiantynovych Tymoshenko; – 31 March 1970) was a Soviet military commander, Marshal of the Soviet Union, and one of the most prominent Red Army commanders during the Second World War.

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Shevchenko Scientific Society

The Shevchenko Scientific Society, founded in 1873, is a Ukrainian scientific society devoted to the promotion of scholarly research and publication.

See History of Lviv and Shevchenko Scientific Society

Sich Riflemen

The Sich Riflemen Halych-Bukovyna Kurin (Sichovi Striltsi z Halychyny ta Bukovyny) were one of the first regular military units of the Ukrainian People's Army.

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Simon Wiesenthal

Simon Wiesenthal (31 December 190820 September 2005) was a Jewish Austrian Holocaust survivor, Nazi hunter, and writer.

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Smallpox

Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by variola virus (often called smallpox virus), which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus.

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Sociolect

In sociolinguistics, a sociolect is a form of language (non-standard dialect, restricted register) or a set of lexical items used by a socioeconomic class, profession, age group, or other social group.

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Soviet invasion of Poland

The Soviet invasion of Poland was a military conflict by the Soviet Union without a formal declaration of war.

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Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

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St. George's Cathedral, Lviv

St.

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Statistics Poland

Statistics Poland (Główny Urząd Statystyczny, popularly called GUS), formerly known in English as the Central Statistical Office, is the Polish government's chief executive agency charged with collecting and publishing statistics related to the economy, population, and society in Poland, at the national and local levels.

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Stepan Bandera

Stepan Andriyovych Bandera (Степа́н Андрі́йович Банде́ра,; Stepan Andrijowycz Bandera; 1 January 1909 – 15 October 1959) was a Ukrainian far-right leader of the radical militant wing of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, the OUN-B. Bandera was born in Austria-Hungary, in Galicia, into the family of a priest of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, and grew up in Poland.

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Street light

A street light, light pole, lamp pole, lamppost, street lamp, light standard, or lamp standard is a raised source of light on the edge of a road or path.

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Sweden

Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe.

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Symon Petliura

Symon Vasyliovych Petliura (Симон Васильович Петлюра; – 25 May 1926) was a Ukrainian politician and journalist.

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Szlachta

The szlachta (Polish:; Lithuanian: šlėkta) were the noble estate of the realm in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and, as a social class, dominated those states by exercising political rights and power.

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Tatars

The Tatars, in the Collins English Dictionary formerly also spelt Tartars, is an umbrella term for different Turkic ethnic groups bearing the name "Tatar" across Eastern Europe and Asia. Initially, the ethnonym Tatar possibly referred to the Tatar confederation. That confederation was eventually incorporated into the Mongol Empire when Genghis Khan unified the various steppe tribes.

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Television set

A television set or television receiver (more commonly called TV, TV set, television, telly, or tele) is an electronic device for the purpose of viewing and hearing television broadcasts, or as a computer monitor.

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Theotokos

Theotokos (Greek: Θεοτόκος) is a title of Mary, mother of Jesus, used especially in Eastern Christianity.

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Timeline of Lviv

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Lviv, Ukraine.

See History of Lviv and Timeline of Lviv

Transylvania

Transylvania (Transilvania or Ardeal; Erdély; Siebenbürgen or Transsilvanien, historically Überwald, also Siweberjen in the Transylvanian Saxon dialect) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania.

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Treaty of Buchach

The Treaty of Buchach was signed on 18 October 1672 in Buczacz (Buchach) between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth under King Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, who had been unable to raise a suitable army, on the one side and the Ottoman Empire on the other side, ending the first phase of the Polish–Ottoman War (1672–1676).

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Treaty of Riga

The Treaty of Riga was signed in Riga, Latvia, on between Poland on one side and Soviet Russia (acting also on behalf of Soviet Belarus) and Soviet Ukraine on the other, ending the Polish–Soviet War (1919–1921).

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Treaty of Warsaw (1920)

The Treaty of Warsaw (also the Polish-Ukrainian or Petliura-Piłsudski Alliance or Agreement) of April 1920 was a military-economical alliance between the Second Polish Republic, represented by Józef Piłsudski, and the Ukrainian People's Republic, represented by Symon Petliura, against Bolshevik Russia.

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Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe.

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Ukrainian cooperative movement

The Ukrainian Cooperative Movement was a movement that addressed the economic plight of the Ukrainian people through the creation of financial, agricultural and trade cooperatives that enabled Ukrainians (primarily peasants) to pool their resources, to obtain less expensive loans and insurance, and to pay less for products such as farm equipment.

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Ukrainian Free University

The Ukrainian Free University is a private graduate university located in Munich, Germany.

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Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church

The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC) is a major archiepiscopal sui iuris ("autonomous") Eastern Catholic church that is based in Ukraine.

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Ukrainian Insurgent Army

The Ukrainian Insurgent Army (translit, abbreviated UPA) was a Ukrainian nationalist paramilitary and partisan formation founded by the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists on 14 October 1942.

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Ukrainian language

Ukrainian (label) is an East Slavic language of the Indo-European language family spoken primarily in Ukraine.

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Ukrainian National Council

Ukrainian National Council of West Ukrainian People's Republic (UNRada, Українська Національна Рада Західно-Української Народної Республіки, until 13 November 1918 Ukrainian National Council – the representative body of Ukrainians of the former Austro-Hungarian empire) – was the supreme legislative body of the West Ukrainian People's Republic (ZUNR).

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Ukrainian national revival

The Ukrainian National Revival (Українське національне відродження) took place during a period when the territory of modern Ukraine was divided between the Austrian Empire, the Kingdom of Hungary and the Russian Empire after the partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century.

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Ukrainian People's Republic

The Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) was a short-lived state in Eastern Europe.

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The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Ukrainska Radianska Sotsialistychna Respublika; Ukrainskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), abbreviated as the Ukrainian SSR, UkSSR, and also known as Soviet Ukraine or just Ukraine, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from 1922 until 1991.

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Ukrainians

Ukrainians (ukraintsi) are a civic nation and an ethnic group native to Ukraine.

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United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) is the United States' official memorial to the Holocaust.

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University of Lviv

The Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (Lvivskyi natsionalnyi universytet imeni Ivana Franka) is a public university in Lviv, Ukraine.

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Vassal

A vassal or liege subject is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe.

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Vienna Uprising

The Vienna Uprising or October Revolution (Wiener Oktoberaufstand, or Wiener Oktoberrevolution) of October 1848 was the last uprising in the Austrian Revolution of 1848.

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Viktor Yushchenko

Viktor Andriiovych Yushchenko (Віктор Андрійович Ющенко,; born 23 February 1954) is a Ukrainian politician who was the third president of Ukraine from 23 January 2005 to 25 February 2010.

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Virtuti Militari

The War Order of Virtuti Militari (Latin: "For Military Virtue", Order Wojenny Virtuti Militari) is Poland's highest military decoration for heroism and courage in the face of the enemy at war.

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Vladimir the Great

Vladimir I Sviatoslavich or Volodymyr I Sviatoslavych (Volodiměr Svętoslavič; Christian name: Basil; 15 July 1015), given the epithet "the Great", was Prince of Novgorod from 970 and Grand Prince of Kiev from 978 until his death in 1015. The Eastern Orthodox Church canonised him as Saint Vladimir.

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Vladislaus II of Opole

Vladislaus II of Opole (Władysław Opolczyk, Wladislaus von Oppeln, Oppelni László, Владислав Опольчик; ca. 1332 – 18 May 1401), nicknamed Naderspan, was Duke of Opole from 1356, Count palatine of Hungary (1367–1372), Duke of Wieluń (1370–1392), Governor of Ruthenia (1372–1378), Count palatine of Poland (1378) as well as Duke of Dobrzyń, Inowrocław (1378–1392), Krnov and Kuyavia (1385–1392).

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Voivode

Voivode, also spelled voivod, voievod or voevod and also known as vaivode, voivoda, vojvoda or wojewoda, is a title denoting a military leader or warlord in Central, Southeastern and Eastern Europe in use since the Early Middle Ages.

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Władysław II Jagiełło

Jogaila (1 June 1434), later Władysław II Jagiełło,He is known under a number of names: Jogaila Algirdaitis; Władysław II Jagiełło; Jahajła (Ягайла).

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Władysław Langner

Władysław Aleksander Langner (18 June 1896 in Jaworów 28 September 1972) was a Polish general, best known as commander of the Siege of Lwów in 1939.

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West Ukrainian People's Republic

The West Ukrainian People's Republic or West Ukrainian National Republic (translit; abbreviated, also WUNR or WUPR), known for part of its existence as the Western Oblast of the Ukrainian People's Republic (label or), was a short-lived polity that controlled most of Eastern Galicia from November 1918 to July 1919.

See History of Lviv and West Ukrainian People's Republic

White Croats

The White Croats (Bijeli Hrvati; Biali Chorwaci; Bílí Chorvati; Bili khorvaty), also known simply as Croats, were a group of Early Slavic tribes that lived between East Slavic and West Slavic tribes in the historical region of Galicia north of the Carpathian Mountains (in modern Western Ukraine and Southeastern-Southern Poland), and possibly in Northeastern Bohemia.

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Winston Churchill

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who was twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, from 1940 to 1945 during the Second World War, and 1951 to 1955.

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Wojciech Bogusławski

Wojciech Romuald Bogusławski (9 April 1757 – 23 July 1829) was a Polish actor, theater director and playwright of the Polish Enlightenment.

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Wrocław

Wrocław (Breslau; also known by other names) is a city in southwestern Poland and the largest city in the historical region of Silesia.

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Yad Vashem

Yad Vashem (יָד וַשֵׁם) is Israel's official memorial to the victims of the Holocaust.

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Yalta Conference

The Yalta Conference (Yaltinskaya konferentsiya), held 4–11 February 1945, was the World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union to discuss the postwar reorganization of Germany and Europe.

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Yaroslav Stetsko

Yaroslav Semenovych Stetsko (19 January 1912 – 5 July 1986) was a Ukrainian politician, writer and ideologist who served as the leader of Stepan Bandera's faction of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, the OUN-B, from 1941 until his death.

See History of Lviv and Yaroslav Stetsko

Yaroslav the Wise

Yaroslav I Vladimirovich (978 – 20 February 1054), better known as Yaroslav the Wise, was Grand Prince of Kiev from 1019 until his death in 1054.

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Yevhen Petrushevych

Yevhen Omelianovych Petrushevych (Євге́н Омеля́нович Петруше́вич; 3 June 1863 – 29 August 1940) was a Ukrainian lawyer, politician, and president of the West Ukrainian People's Republic formed after the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1918.

See History of Lviv and Yevhen Petrushevych

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Lviv

Also known as Lviv in World War II, Lwów in World War II.

, Dmytro Vitovsky, Eastern Catholic Churches, Eastern Galicia, Eastern Orthodoxy, Eastern Trade Fair, Einsatzgruppen, Electric light, English people, Exarchate, Extermination camp, Ferdinand I of Austria, Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II, Fortification, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Galicia (Eastern Europe), Galicia (Spain), Galicia–Volhynia Wars, Galician–Volhynian Chronicle, Garrison, Gas lighting, General National Exhibition in Lviv, Geographical distribution of Ukrainian speakers, George I Rákóczi, Georgians, Ger toshav, German concentration camps, German minority in Poland, Germanisation, Germans, Germany, Ghetto, Glasnost, Gord (archaeology), Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Great Northern War, Greek Catholic Church, Guild, Halych, History of Christianity in Ukraine, Home Army, House of Habsburg, Hungarians, Ignacy Łukasiewicz, Imperial Austrian Army (1806–1867), Imperial Council (Austria), In Darkness (2011 film), Intelligentsia, Interwar period, Invasion of Poland, Italians, Jadwiga of Poland, Janowska concentration camp, Józef Maksymilian Ossoliński, Jewish culture, Jews, John II Casimir Vasa, John III Sobieski, Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, Joseph Stalin, Karl Georg Huyn, Kerosene lamp, Kievan Rus', Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, Kraków, Kresy, Labor camp, Latin, Leo I of Galicia, List of Polish monarchs, Liubartas, Loader (equipment), Local government, Louis I of Hungary, Lviv, Lviv Bus Factory, Lviv Oblast, Lviv strikes (2022–present), Lviv Theatre of Opera and Ballet, Lvov-Sandomierz Offensive, Lwów dialect, Lwów Eaglets, Lwów Ghetto, Lwów Oath, Lwów pogrom (1918), Lwów School of Mathematics, Lwów Uprising, Lwów Voivodeship, Lychakiv Cemetery, Lychakivskyi District, Magdeburg rights, Martial law, Massacre of Lwów professors, Mehmed IV, Metropolitan bishop, Mieszko II Lambert, Military Inter-Allied Commission of Control, Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Municipal council, Nazi Germany, Nazi hunter, New Order (Nazism), NKVD, NKVD prisoner massacres in Lviv, Obstetrics, Operation Barbarossa, Operation Tempest, Opole, Orange Revolution, Orest Subtelny, Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists, Ossolineum, Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Turks, Partitions of Poland, Paul Robert Magocsi, People's Movement of Ukraine, Perestroika, Piast dynasty, Pogrom, Poland, Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, Polish Armed Forces, Polish Historical Society, Polish language, Polish people, Polish resistance movement in World War II, Polish Theater in Vilnius, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Polish–Soviet War, Polonization, Population transfer in the Soviet Union, Poverty in Austrian Galicia, Poznań International Fair, Prague, Prosvita, Protestantism, Przemyśl, Purdue University Press, Recovered Territories, Rector (academia), Red Army, Red Cossacks, Red Ruthenia, Referendum, Renaissance Revival architecture, Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire, Romanian Bridgehead, Romanovich, Rurikids, Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russian occupation of Eastern Galicia (1914–1915), Russian Orthodox Church, Russification, Ruthenian language, Ruthenian Voivodeship, Ruthenians, Sanok, Poland, Scottish Café, Scottish people, Second Polish Republic, Semper fidelis, Semyon Budyonny, Semyon Timoshenko, Shevchenko Scientific Society, Sich Riflemen, Simon Wiesenthal, Smallpox, Sociolect, Soviet invasion of Poland, Soviet Union, St. George's Cathedral, Lviv, Statistics Poland, Stepan Bandera, Street light, Sweden, Symon Petliura, Szlachta, Tatars, Television set, Theotokos, Timeline of Lviv, Transylvania, Treaty of Buchach, Treaty of Riga, Treaty of Warsaw (1920), Ukraine, Ukrainian cooperative movement, Ukrainian Free University, Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, Ukrainian Insurgent Army, Ukrainian language, Ukrainian National Council, Ukrainian national revival, Ukrainian People's Republic, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Ukrainians, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, University of Lviv, Vassal, Vienna Uprising, Viktor Yushchenko, Virtuti Militari, Vladimir the Great, Vladislaus II of Opole, Voivode, Władysław II Jagiełło, Władysław Langner, West Ukrainian People's Republic, White Croats, Winston Churchill, Wojciech Bogusławski, Wrocław, Yad Vashem, Yalta Conference, Yaroslav Stetsko, Yaroslav the Wise, Yevhen Petrushevych, Yiddish, Yuri II Boleslav, Zamarstyniv, 1st Cavalry Army, 1st Mountain Division (Wehrmacht), 2004 Ukrainian presidential election, 8th Army (Russian Empire).

History of Lviv, the Glossary

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