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History of Wales, the Glossary

The history of what is now Wales begins with evidence of a Neanderthal presence from at least 230,000 years ago, while Homo sapiens arrived by about 31,000 BC.^[1]

297 relations: Aberdare, Abergwyngregyn, Aberystwyth, Ancient Roman engineering, Ancient Roman technology, Ancient Rome, Angles (tribe), Anglesey, Anglicanism, Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, Annales Cambriae, Archaeology of Wales, Arminianism, Arthur, Prince of Wales, Æthelfrith, Baptists, Barclodiad y Gawres, Baschurch, Battle of Bosworth Field, Battle of Chester, Battle of Crug Mawr, Battle of Mynydd Carn, Battle of St Fagans, Bible translations into Welsh, Bleddyn ap Cynfyn, Bontnewydd Palaeolithic site, British Empire, British Iron Age, Brittonic languages, Bronze, Bronze Age, Bronze Age Britain, Brut y Tywysogion, Brycheiniog, Bryn Celli Ddu, Builth Wells, Cadafael, King of Gwynedd, Cadwallon ap Cadfan, Caer Caradoc, Caerwent, Cantiorix Inscription, Caratacus, Cardiff, Cardigan, Ceredigion, Carmarthen, Carmarthenshire, Castle, Catholic Church, Cavalier, Celtic Britons, ... Expand index (247 more) »

Aberdare

Aberdare (Aberdâr) is a town in the Cynon Valley area of Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales, at the confluence of the Rivers Dare (Dâr) and Cynon.

See History of Wales and Aberdare

Abergwyngregyn

Abergwyngregyn is a village and community of historical note in Gwynedd, a county and principal area in Wales.

See History of Wales and Abergwyngregyn

Aberystwyth

Aberystwyth is a university and seaside town and a community in Ceredigion, Wales.

See History of Wales and Aberystwyth

Ancient Roman engineering

The ancient Romans were famous for their advanced engineering accomplishments.

See History of Wales and Ancient Roman engineering

Ancient Roman technology is the collection of techniques, skills, methods, processes, and engineering practices which supported Roman civilization and made possible the expansion of the economy and military of ancient Rome (753 BC – 476 AD).

See History of Wales and Ancient Roman technology

Ancient Rome

In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.

See History of Wales and Ancient Rome

Angles (tribe)

The Angles were one of the main Germanic peoples who settled in Great Britain in the post-Roman period.

See History of Wales and Angles (tribe)

Anglesey

Anglesey (Ynys Môn) is an island off the north-west coast of Wales.

See History of Wales and Anglesey

Anglicanism

Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition which developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the context of the Protestant Reformation in Europe.

See History of Wales and Anglicanism

Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain

The settlement of Great Britain by diverse Germanic peoples led to the development of a new Anglo-Saxon cultural identity and shared Germanic language, Old English, which was most closely related to Old Frisian on the other side of the North Sea.

See History of Wales and Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain

Annales Cambriae

The (Latin for Annals of Wales) is the title given to a complex of Latin chronicles compiled or derived from diverse sources at St David's in Dyfed, Wales.

See History of Wales and Annales Cambriae

Archaeology of Wales

The archaeology of Wales (Welsh: Archaeoleg Cymru) is the study of human occupation within the country of Wales which has been occupied by modern humans since 225,000 BCE, with continuous occupation from 9,000 BCE.

See History of Wales and Archaeology of Wales

Arminianism

Arminianism is a movement of Protestantism initiated in the early 17th century, based on the theological ideas of the Dutch Reformed theologian Jacobus Arminius and his historic supporters known as Remonstrants.

See History of Wales and Arminianism

Arthur, Prince of Wales

Arthur, Prince of Wales (19/20 September 1486 – 2 April 1502), was the eldest son of King Henry VII of England and Elizabeth of York, and an older brother to the future King Henry VIII.

See History of Wales and Arthur, Prince of Wales

Æthelfrith

Æthelfrith (died c. 616) was King of Bernicia from c. 593 until his death around 616 AD at the Battle of the River Idle.

See History of Wales and Æthelfrith

Baptists

Baptists form a major branch of evangelicalism distinguished by baptizing only professing Christian believers (believer's baptism) and doing so by complete immersion.

See History of Wales and Baptists

Barclodiad y Gawres

paren) is a Neolithic burial chamber between Rhosneigr and Aberffraw on the south-western coast of the island of Anglesey in North Wales. It is an example of a cruciform passage grave, a notable feature being its decorated stones. Similar graves and marks exist across the Irish Sea in the Boyne Valley.Frances Lynch.

See History of Wales and Barclodiad y Gawres

Baschurch

Baschurch is a village and civil parish in Shropshire, England.

See History of Wales and Baschurch

Battle of Bosworth Field

The Battle of Bosworth or Bosworth Field was the last significant battle of the Wars of the Roses, the civil war between the houses of Lancaster and York that extended across England in the latter half of the 15th century.

See History of Wales and Battle of Bosworth Field

Battle of Chester

The Battle of Chester (Old Welsh: Guaith Caer Legion; Welsh: Brwydr Caer) was a major victory for the Anglo-Saxons over the native Britons near the city of Chester, England in the early 7th century.

See History of Wales and Battle of Chester

Battle of Crug Mawr

The Battle of Crug Mawr (Brwydr Crug Mawr), sometimes referred to as the Battle of Cardigan, took place in September or October 1136, as part of a struggle between the Welsh and Normans for control of Ceredigion, West Wales.

See History of Wales and Battle of Crug Mawr

Battle of Mynydd Carn

The Battle of Mynydd Carn took place in 1081, as part of a dynastic struggle for control of the Welsh kingdoms of Gwynedd and Deheubarth.

See History of Wales and Battle of Mynydd Carn

Battle of St Fagans

The Battle of St Fagans took place on 8 May 1648 near St Fagans in South Glamorgan, during the Second English Civil War.

See History of Wales and Battle of St Fagans

Bible translations into Welsh

Parts of the Bible have been translated into Welsh since at least the 15th century, but the most widely used translation of the Bible into Welsh for several centuries was the 1588 translation by William Morgan, Y Beibl cyssegr-lan sef Yr Hen Destament, a'r Newydd as revised in 1620.

See History of Wales and Bible translations into Welsh

Bleddyn ap Cynfyn

Bleddyn ap Cynfyn (Bledẏnt uab Kẏnỽẏn; died 1075), sometimes spelled Blethyn, was an 11th century Welsh king.

See History of Wales and Bleddyn ap Cynfyn

Bontnewydd Palaeolithic site

The Bontnewydd palaeolithic site, also known in its unmutated form as Pontnewydd (Welsh language: 'New bridge'), is an archaeological site near St Asaph, Denbighshire, Wales.

See History of Wales and Bontnewydd Palaeolithic site

British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

See History of Wales and British Empire

British Iron Age

The British Iron Age is a conventional name used in the archaeology of Great Britain, referring to the prehistoric and protohistoric phases of the Iron Age culture of the main island and the smaller islands, typically excluding prehistoric Ireland, which had an independent Iron Age culture of its own.

See History of Wales and British Iron Age

Brittonic languages

The Brittonic languages (also Brythonic or British Celtic; ieithoedd Brythonaidd/Prydeinig; yethow brythonek/predennek; and yezhoù predenek) form one of the two branches of the Insular Celtic language family; the other is Goidelic.

See History of Wales and Brittonic languages

Bronze

Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12–12.5% tin and often with the addition of other metals (including aluminium, manganese, nickel, or zinc) and sometimes non-metals, such as phosphorus, or metalloids, such as arsenic or silicon.

See History of Wales and Bronze

Bronze Age

The Bronze Age was a historical period lasting from approximately 3300 to 1200 BC.

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Bronze Age Britain

Bronze Age Britain is an era of British history that spanned from until.

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Brut y Tywysogion

Brut y Tywysogion (Chronicle of the Princes) is one of the most important primary sources for Welsh history.

See History of Wales and Brut y Tywysogion

Brycheiniog

Brycheiniog was an independent kingdom in South Wales in the Early Middle Ages.

See History of Wales and Brycheiniog

Bryn Celli Ddu

Bryn Celli Ddu is a prehistoric site on the Welsh island of Anglesey located near Llanddaniel Fab.

See History of Wales and Bryn Celli Ddu

Builth Wells

Builth Wells (Llanfair-ym-Muallt) is a market town and community in the county of Powys and historic county of Brecknockshire (Breconshire), mid Wales, lying at the confluence of rivers Wye and Irfon, in the Welsh (or upper) part of the Wye Valley.

See History of Wales and Builth Wells

Cadafael, King of Gwynedd

Cadafael (Cadafael Cadomedd ap Cynfeddw or Cadafael ap Cynfeddw; meaning "Cadafael, son of Cynfedd") was King of Gwynedd (reigned 634 – c. 655).

See History of Wales and Cadafael, King of Gwynedd

Cadwallon ap Cadfan

Cadwallon ap Cadfan (died 634)A difference in the interpretation of Bede's dates has led to the question of whether Cadwallon was killed in 634 or the year earlier, 633.

See History of Wales and Cadwallon ap Cadfan

Caer Caradoc

Caer Caradoc (Caer Caradog, the fort of Caradog) is a hill in the English county of Shropshire.

See History of Wales and Caer Caradoc

Caerwent

Caerwent (Caer-went) is a village and community in Monmouthshire, Wales.

See History of Wales and Caerwent

Cantiorix Inscription

The Cantiorix Inscription is a stone grave marker of the early post-Roman era found near Ffestiniog in north Wales and now at the church at Penmachno.

See History of Wales and Cantiorix Inscription

Caratacus

Caratacus was a 1st-century AD British chieftain of the Catuvellauni tribe, who resisted the Roman conquest of Britain.

See History of Wales and Caratacus

Cardiff

Cardiff (Caerdydd) is the capital and largest city of Wales.

See History of Wales and Cardiff

Cardigan, Ceredigion

Cardigan (Aberteifi) is a town and community in the county of Ceredigion, Wales.

See History of Wales and Cardigan, Ceredigion

Carmarthen

Carmarthen (Caerfyrddin, "Merlin's fort" or "Sea-town fort") is the county town of Carmarthenshire and a community in Wales, lying on the River Towy north of its estuary in Carmarthen Bay.

See History of Wales and Carmarthen

Carmarthenshire

Carmarthenshire (Sir Gaerfyrddin or informally Sir Gâr) is a county in the south-west of Wales.

See History of Wales and Carmarthenshire

Castle

A castle is a type of fortified structure built during the Middle Ages predominantly by the nobility or royalty and by military orders.

See History of Wales and Castle

Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

See History of Wales and Catholic Church

Cavalier

The term "Cavalier" was first used by Roundheads as a term of abuse for the wealthier royalist supporters of Charles I of England and his son Charles II during the English Civil War, the Interregnum, and the Restoration (1642 –). It was later adopted by the Royalists themselves.

See History of Wales and Cavalier

Celtic Britons

The Britons (*Pritanī, Britanni), also known as Celtic Britons or Ancient Britons, were an indigenous Celtic people who inhabited Great Britain from at least the British Iron Age until the High Middle Ages, at which point they diverged into the Welsh, Cornish, and Bretons (among others).

See History of Wales and Celtic Britons

Ceredigion

Ceredigion, historically Cardiganshire, is a county in the west of Wales.

See History of Wales and Ceredigion

Chariot

A chariot is a type of cart driven by a charioteer, usually using horses to provide rapid motive power.

See History of Wales and Chariot

Charles I of England

Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649.

See History of Wales and Charles I of England

Cheshire

Cheshire is a ceremonial county in North West England.

See History of Wales and Cheshire

Christian revival

Christian revivalism is increased spiritual interest or renewal in the life of a Christian church, congregation or society with a local, national or global effect.

See History of Wales and Christian revival

Church of England

The Church of England (C of E) is the established Christian church in England and the Crown Dependencies.

See History of Wales and Church of England

Civitas

In Ancient Rome, the Latin term civitas (plural civitates), according to Cicero in the time of the late Roman Republic, was the social body of the cives, or citizens, united by law (concilium coetusque hominum jure sociati).

See History of Wales and Civitas

Coal industry in Wales

The coal industry in Wales played an important role in the Industrial Revolution in Wales.

See History of Wales and Coal industry in Wales

Coel Hen

Coel (Old Welsh: Coil), also called Coel Hen (Coel the Old) and King Cole, is a figure prominent in Welsh literature and legend since the Middle Ages.

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Common Brittonic

Common Brittonic (Brythoneg; Brythonek; Predeneg), also known as British, Common Brythonic, or Proto-Brittonic, is an extinct Celtic language spoken in Britain and Brittany.

See History of Wales and Common Brittonic

Congregationalism

Congregationalism (also Congregationalist churches or Congregational churches) is a Reformed (Calvinist) tradition of Protestant Christianity in which churches practice congregational government.

See History of Wales and Congregationalism

Conquest of Wales by Edward I

The conquest of Wales by Edward I took place between 1277 and 1283.

See History of Wales and Conquest of Wales by Edward I

Constantine the Great

Constantine I (27 February 22 May 337), also known as Constantine the Great, was a Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337 and the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity.

See History of Wales and Constantine the Great

Cornwall

Cornwall (Kernow;; or) is a ceremonial county in South West England.

See History of Wales and Cornwall

Council of Wales and the Marches

The Court of the Council in the Dominion and Principality of Wales, and the Marches of the same, commonly called the Council of Wales and the Marches or the Council of the Marches, was a regional administrative body founded in Shrewsbury.

See History of Wales and Council of Wales and the Marches

Cyfarthfa Ironworks

The Cyfarthfa Ironworks were major 18th- and 19th-century ironworks in Cyfarthfa, on the north-western edge of Merthyr Tydfil, in South West Wales.

See History of Wales and Cyfarthfa Ironworks

Cynon Valley

Cynon Valley is a former coal mining valley in Wales.

See History of Wales and Cynon Valley

Dafydd ap Gruffydd

Dafydd ap Gruffydd (Dafydd III), (11 July 1238 – 3 October 1283) was Prince of Wales from 11 December 1282 until his execution on 3 October 1283 on the orders of King Edward I of England.

See History of Wales and Dafydd ap Gruffydd

Dafydd ap Gwilym

Dafydd ap Gwilym (1315/1320 – 1350/1370) is regarded as one of the leading Welsh poets and amongst the great poets of Europe in the Middle Ages.

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Dafydd ap Llywelyn

Dafydd ap Llywelyn (c. March 1212 – 25 February 1246) was King of Gwynedd from 1240 to 1246.

See History of Wales and Dafydd ap Llywelyn

Daniel Rowland (preacher)

Daniel Rowland (also spelt Rowlands, 1713 – 16 October 1790) served as an Evangelist and early on as an Anglican curate.

See History of Wales and Daniel Rowland (preacher)

Deceangli

The Deceangli or Deceangi (Welsh: Tegeingl) were one of the Celtic tribes living in Britain, prior to the Roman invasion of the island.

See History of Wales and Deceangli

Deheubarth

Deheubarth (thus 'the South') was a regional name for the realms of south Wales, particularly as opposed to Gwynedd (Latin: Venedotia).

See History of Wales and Deheubarth

The Demetae were a Celtic people of Iron Age and Roman period, who inhabited modern Pembrokeshire and Carmarthenshire in south-west Wales.

See History of Wales and Demetae

Demographic transition

In demography, demographic transition is a phenomenon and theory which refers to the historical shift from high birth rates and high death rates in societies with minimal technology, education (especially of women) and economic development, to low birth rates and low death rates in societies with advanced technology, education and economic development, as well as the stages between these two scenarios.

See History of Wales and Demographic transition

Dissenter

A dissenter (from the Latin, 'to disagree') is one who dissents (disagrees) in matters of opinion, belief, etc.

See History of Wales and Dissenter

Dolmen

A dolmen or portal tomb is a type of single-chamber megalithic tomb, usually consisting of two or more upright megaliths supporting a large flat horizontal capstone or "table".

See History of Wales and Dolmen

Dowlais Ironworks

The Dowlais Ironworks was a major ironworks and steelworks located at Dowlais near Merthyr Tydfil, in Wales.

See History of Wales and Dowlais Ironworks

Dyfed

Dyfed is a preserved county in southwestern Wales.

See History of Wales and Dyfed

Earl of Chester

The Earldom of Chester was one of the most powerful earldoms in medieval England, extending principally over the counties of Cheshire and Flintshire.

See History of Wales and Earl of Chester

Earl of Pembroke

Earl of Pembroke is a title in the Peerage of England that was first created in the 12th century by King Stephen of England.

See History of Wales and Earl of Pembroke

Earl of Shrewsbury

Earl of Shrewsbury is a hereditary title of nobility created twice in the Peerage of England.

See History of Wales and Earl of Shrewsbury

Edward I of England

Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England from 1272 to 1307.

See History of Wales and Edward I of England

Edward IV

Edward IV (28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was King of England from 4 March 1461 to 3 October 1470, then again from 11 April 1471 until his death in 1483.

See History of Wales and Edward IV

Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales

Edward of Westminster (13 October 1453 – 4 May 1471), also known as Edward of Lancaster, was the only child of Henry VI of England and Margaret of Anjou.

See History of Wales and Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales

Edward V

Edward V (2 November 1470 –) was King of England from 9 April to 25 June 1483.

See History of Wales and Edward V

Eisteddfod

In Welsh culture, an eisteddfod is an institution and festival with several ranked competitions, including in poetry and music.

See History of Wales and Eisteddfod

Elmet

Elmet (Elfed), sometimes Elmed or Elmete, was an independent Brittonic Celtic Cumbric speaking kingdom between about the 4th century and mid 7th century.

See History of Wales and Elmet

Empress Matilda

Empress Matilda (10 September 1167), also known as Empress Maud, was one of the claimants to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy.

See History of Wales and Empress Matilda

End of Roman rule in Britain

The end of Roman rule in Britain was the transition from Roman Britain to post-Roman Britain.

See History of Wales and End of Roman rule in Britain

Ergyng

Ergyng (or Erging) was a Brittonic kingdom of the sub-Roman and early medieval period, between the 5th and 7th centuries.

See History of Wales and Ergyng

Exoskeleton

An exoskeleton (from Greek έξω éxō "outer" and σκελετός skeletós "skeleton") is a skeleton that is on the exterior of an animal in the form of hardened integument, which both supports the body's shape and protects the internal organs, in contrast to an internal endoskeleton (e.g.

See History of Wales and Exoskeleton

Firth of Forth

The Firth of Forth is the estuary, or firth, of several Scottish rivers including the River Forth.

See History of Wales and Firth of Forth

Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester

Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, 7th Earl of Gloucester (2 September 1243 – 7 December 1295) was a powerful English magnate.

See History of Wales and Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester

Glamorgan

Until 1974, Glamorgan, or sometimes Glamorganshire (Morgannwg or Sir Forgannwg), was an administrative county in the south of Wales, and later classed as one of the thirteen historic counties of Wales.

See History of Wales and Glamorgan

Gododdin

The Gododdin were a Brittonic people of north-eastern Britannia, the area known as the Hen Ogledd or Old North (modern south-east Scotland and north-east England), in the sub-Roman period.

See History of Wales and Gododdin

Gofraid mac Arailt

Gofraid mac Arailt (died 989), in Old Norse Guðrøðr Haraldsson, was a Scandinavian or Norse-Gael king.

See History of Wales and Gofraid mac Arailt

Government of Wales Act 1998

The Government of Wales Act 1998 (c. 38) (Deddf Llywodraeth Cymru 1998) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

See History of Wales and Government of Wales Act 1998

Gower Peninsula

Gower (Gŵyr) or the Gower Peninsula (Penrhyn Gŵyr) is in South West Wales and is the most westerly part of the historic county of Glamorgan, Wales.

See History of Wales and Gower Peninsula

Great Orme

The Great Orme (Y Gogarth) is a limestone headland on the north coast of Wales, north-west of the town of Llandudno.

See History of Wales and Great Orme

Griffith Jones (priest)

Griffith Jones (early 1684 – 8 April 1761) was a Welsh minister of the Church of England and a promoter of Methodism.

See History of Wales and Griffith Jones (priest)

Gruffudd ap Cynan

Gruffudd ap Cynan (–1137) was King of Gwynedd from 1081 until his death in 1137.

See History of Wales and Gruffudd ap Cynan

Gruffudd ap Llywelyn ap Iorwerth

Gruffudd ap Llywelyn ap Iorwerth (c. 1196 – 1 March 1244) was the Welsh first-born son of Llywelyn the Great ("Llywelyn Fawr").

See History of Wales and Gruffudd ap Llywelyn ap Iorwerth

Gruffydd ap Llywelyn

Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (– 5 August 1063) was King of Gwynedd and Powys from 1039 and, after asserting his control over the entire country, claimed the title King of Wales from 1055 until his death in 1063.

See History of Wales and Gruffydd ap Llywelyn

Gruffydd ap Rhys

Gruffydd ap Rhys (c. 1090 – 1137) was Prince of Deheubarth, in Wales.

See History of Wales and Gruffydd ap Rhys

Gwynedd

Gwynedd is a county in the north-west of Wales.

See History of Wales and Gwynedd

Hanged, drawn and quartered

To be hanged, drawn and quartered became a statutory penalty for men convicted of high treason in the Kingdom of England from 1352 under King Edward III (1327–1377), although similar rituals are recorded during the reign of King Henry III (1216–1272).

See History of Wales and Hanged, drawn and quartered

Harold Godwinson

Harold Godwinson (– 14 October 1066), also called Harold II, was the last crowned Anglo-Saxon English king.

See History of Wales and Harold Godwinson

Hawarden Castle (medieval)

Hawarden Old Castle (Castell Penarlâg) is a Grade I listed medieval castle near Hawarden, Flintshire, Wales.

See History of Wales and Hawarden Castle (medieval)

Heir apparent

An heir apparent (heiress apparent) or simply heir is a person who is first in an order of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting by the birth of another person.

See History of Wales and Heir apparent

Helena, mother of Constantine I

Flavia Julia Helena (Ἑλένη, Helénē; AD 246/248–330), also known as Helena of Constantinople and in Christianity as Saint Helena, was an Augusta of the Roman Empire and mother of Emperor Constantine the Great.

See History of Wales and Helena, mother of Constantine I

Hen Ogledd

Yr Hen Ogledd, meaning the Old North, is the historical region that was inhabited by the Brittonic people of sub-Roman Britain in the Early Middle Ages, now Northern England and the southern Scottish Lowlands, alongside the fellow Brittonic Celtic Kingdom of Elmet.

See History of Wales and Hen Ogledd

Henry II of England

Henry II, also known as Henry Fitzempress and Henry Curtmantle, was King of England from 1154 until his death in 1189.

See History of Wales and Henry II of England

Henry III of England

Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272), also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death in 1272.

See History of Wales and Henry III of England

Henry IV of England

Henry IV (– 20 March 1413), also known as Henry Bolingbroke, was King of England from 1399 to 1413.

See History of Wales and Henry IV of England

Henry VI of England

Henry VI (6 December 1421 – 21 May 1471) was King of England from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471, and disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453.

See History of Wales and Henry VI of England

Henry VII of England

Henry VII (28 January 1457 – 21 April 1509) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509.

See History of Wales and Henry VII of England

Henry VIII

Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547.

See History of Wales and Henry VIII

Herefordshire

Herefordshire is a ceremonial county in the West Midlands region of England.

See History of Wales and Herefordshire

Historia Brittonum

The History of the Britons (Historia Brittonum) is a purported history of early Britain written around 828 that survives in numerous recensions from after the 11th century.

See History of Wales and Historia Brittonum

History of the steel industry (1970–present)

The global steel industry has been going through major changes since 1970.

See History of Wales and History of the steel industry (1970–present)

History of the United Kingdom

The history of the United Kingdom begins in 1707 with the Treaty of Union and Acts of Union.

See History of Wales and History of the United Kingdom

Howell Harris

Howell Harris (italic; 23 January 1714 – 21 July 1773) was a Calvinistic Methodist evangelist.

See History of Wales and Howell Harris

Human

Humans (Homo sapiens, meaning "thinking man") or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus Homo.

See History of Wales and Human

Hunter-gatherer

A hunter-gatherer or forager is a human living in a community, or according to an ancestrally derived lifestyle, in which most or all food is obtained by foraging, that is, by gathering food from local naturally occurring sources, especially wild edible plants but also insects, fungi, honey, bird eggs, or anything safe to eat, and/or by hunting game (pursuing and/or trapping and killing wild animals, including catching fish).

See History of Wales and Hunter-gatherer

Hywel Dda

Hywel ap Cadell, commonly known as Hywel Dda, which translates to Howel the Good in English, was a Welsh king who ruled the southern Welsh kingdom of Deheubarth and eventually came to rule most of Wales.

See History of Wales and Hywel Dda

Illtud

Illtud (also spelled Illtyd, Eltut, and, in Latin, Hildutus), also known as Illtud Farchog or Illtud the Knight, is venerated as the abbot teacher of the divinity school, Bangor Illtyd, located in Llanilltud Fawr (Llantwit Major) in Glamorgan, Wales.

See History of Wales and Illtud

Industrial Revolution in Wales

The Industrial Revolution in Wales was the adoption and developments of new technologies in Wales in the 18th and 19th centuries as part of the Industrial Revolution, resulting in increases in the scale of industry in Wales.

See History of Wales and Industrial Revolution in Wales

Ironworks

An ironworks or iron works is an industrial plant where iron is smelted and where heavy iron and steel products are made.

See History of Wales and Ironworks

Ivory

Ivory is a hard, white material from the tusks (traditionally from elephants) and teeth of animals, that consists mainly of dentine, one of the physical structures of teeth and tusks.

See History of Wales and Ivory

Jasper Tudor

Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford (c. November 143121 December 1495) was the uncle of King Henry VII of England and a leading architect of his nephew's successful accession to the throne in 1485.

See History of Wales and Jasper Tudor

John Davies (historian)

John Davies, FLSW (25 April 1938 – 16 February 2015) was a Welsh historian, and a television and radio broadcaster.

See History of Wales and John Davies (historian)

John Jones Maesygarnedd

John Jones Maesygarnedd (c. 1597 – 17 October 1660) was a Welsh military leader and politician, known as one of the regicides of King Charles I following the English Civil War.

See History of Wales and John Jones Maesygarnedd

John Penry

John Penry (1563 – 29 May 1593) was executed for high treason during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. He is Wales' most famous Protestant Separatist martyr.

See History of Wales and John Penry

Justiciar of South Wales

The Justiciar of South Wales, sometimes referred to as the Justiciar of West Wales was a royal official of the Principality of Wales during the medieval period.

See History of Wales and Justiciar of South Wales

Keir Hardie

James Keir Hardie (15 August 185626 September 1915) was a Scottish trade unionist and politician.

See History of Wales and Keir Hardie

Kenneth O. Morgan

Kenneth Owen Morgan, Baron Morgan, (born 16 May 1934) is a Welsh historian and author, known especially for his writings on modern British history and politics and on Welsh history.

See History of Wales and Kenneth O. Morgan

Kingdom of Ceredigion

The Kingdom of Ceredigion was one of several Welsh kingdoms that emerged in post-Roman Britain in the mid-5th century.

See History of Wales and Kingdom of Ceredigion

Kingdom of Dyfed

The Kingdom of Dyfed, one of several Welsh petty kingdoms that emerged in 5th-century sub-Roman Britain in southwest Wales, was based on the former territory of the Demetae (modern Welsh Dyfed).

See History of Wales and Kingdom of Dyfed

Kingdom of England

The Kingdom of England was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from 886, when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, until 1 May 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain, which would later become the United Kingdom.

See History of Wales and Kingdom of England

Kingdom of Great Britain

The Kingdom of Great Britain was a sovereign state in Western Europe from 1707 to the end of 1800.

See History of Wales and Kingdom of Great Britain

Kingdom of Gwent

Gwent (Guent) was a medieval Welsh kingdom, lying between the Rivers Wye and Usk.

See History of Wales and Kingdom of Gwent

Kingdom of Gwynedd

The Kingdom of Gwynedd (Medieval Latin:; Middle Welsh: Guynet) was a Welsh kingdom and a Roman Empire successor state that emerged in sub-Roman Britain in the 5th century during the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain.

See History of Wales and Kingdom of Gwynedd

Kingdom of Powys

The Kingdom of Powys (Regnum Poysiae) was a Welsh successor state, petty kingdom and principality that emerged during the Middle Ages following the end of Roman rule in Britain.

See History of Wales and Kingdom of Powys

Kingdom of Strathclyde

Strathclyde (lit. "broad valley of the Clyde",, Cumbria) was a Brittonic kingdom in northern Britain during the Middle Ages.

See History of Wales and Kingdom of Strathclyde

Labour Party (UK)

The Labour Party is a social democratic political party in the United Kingdom that sits on the centre-left of the political spectrum.

See History of Wales and Labour Party (UK)

Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542

The Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 (Y Deddfau Cyfreithiau yng Nghymru 1535 a 1542) or the Acts of Union (Y Deddfau Uno), were Acts of the Parliament of England under King Henry VIII of England, causing Wales to be incorporated into the realm of the Kingdom of England.

See History of Wales and Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542

Liberal Party (UK)

The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties in the United Kingdom, along with the Conservative Party, in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

See History of Wales and Liberal Party (UK)

Limestone

Limestone (calcium carbonate) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime.

See History of Wales and Limestone

List of Anglo-Welsh wars

This is an incomplete list of the wars and battles between the Anglo-Saxons who later formed into the Kingdom of England and the Britons (the pre-existing Brythonic population of Britain south of the Antonine Wall who came to be known later by the English as the Welsh), as well as the conflicts between the English and Welsh in subsequent centuries.

See History of Wales and List of Anglo-Welsh wars

List of governors of Roman Britain

This is a partial list of governors of Roman Britain from 43 to 409.

See History of Wales and List of governors of Roman Britain

List of Welsh historical documents

This is a list of Welsh important historical documents connected to Wales and/or the Welsh language, starting from the early medieval period.

See History of Wales and List of Welsh historical documents

Literary language

Literary language is the form (register) of a language used when writing in a formal, academic, or particularly polite tone; when speaking or writing in such a tone, it can also be known as formal language.

See History of Wales and Literary language

Llŷn Peninsula

The Llŷn Peninsula (Penrhyn Llŷn or italic) extends into the Irish Sea from North West Wales, south west of the Isle of Anglesey.

See History of Wales and Llŷn Peninsula

Llyn Cerrig Bach

Llyn Cerrig Bach is a small lake located between Rhosneigr and Valley in the west of Anglesey, Wales.

See History of Wales and Llyn Cerrig Bach

Llyn Fawr

Llyn Fawr (large lake' in Welsh) is a reservoir that occupies one of a series glacial cirques that form the northern escarpment of the South Wales Coalfield uplands, overlooking the heads of the Vale of Neath and the Cynon Valley, South Wales.

See History of Wales and Llyn Fawr

Llywelyn ab Iorwerth

Llywelyn ab Iorwerth (– 11 April 1240), also known as Llywelyn the Great (Llywelyn Fawr), was a medieval Welsh ruler.

See History of Wales and Llywelyn ab Iorwerth

Llywelyn ap Gruffudd

Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (c. 1223 – 11 December 1282), Llywelyn II, also known as Llywelyn the Last (lit), was King of Gwynedd, and later was recognised as the prince of Wales (Princeps Walliae; Tywysog Cymru) from 1258 until his death at Cilmeri in 1282.

See History of Wales and Llywelyn ap Gruffudd

Llywelyn ap Madog

Llywelyn ap Madog was Dean of St Asaph until 1357; and then Bishop of St AsaphHardy, T. Duffus.

See History of Wales and Llywelyn ap Madog

Llywelyn Bren

Llywelyn Bren, or Llywelyn ap Gruffudd ap Rhys / Llywelyn ap Rhys (also Llewelyn) or in Llywelyn of the Woods.

See History of Wales and Llywelyn Bren

Lower Paleolithic

The Lower Paleolithic (or Lower Palaeolithic) is the earliest subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age.

See History of Wales and Lower Paleolithic

Ludlow

Ludlow is a market town and civil parish in Shropshire, England.

See History of Wales and Ludlow

Mabinogion

The Mabinogion are the earliest Welsh prose stories, and belong to the Matter of Britain.

See History of Wales and Mabinogion

Machynlleth

Machynlleth is a market town, community and electoral ward in Powys, Wales and within the historic boundaries of Montgomeryshire.

See History of Wales and Machynlleth

Madog ap Llywelyn

Madog ap Llywelyn (died after 1312) was the leader of the Welsh revolt of 1294–95 against English rule in Wales.

See History of Wales and Madog ap Llywelyn

Madog ap Maredudd

Madog ap Maredudd (Madawg mab Maredud, Madawc mab Maredut; died 1160) was the last prince of the entire Kingdom of Powys, Wales.

See History of Wales and Madog ap Maredudd

Maelgwn Gwynedd

Maelgwn Gwynedd (Maglocunus; died c. 547)Based on Phillimore's (1888) reconstruction of the dating of the Annales Cambriae (A Text).

See History of Wales and Maelgwn Gwynedd

Magistrate

The term magistrate is used in a variety of systems of governments and laws to refer to a civilian officer who administers the law.

See History of Wales and Magistrate

Magnus Maximus

Magnus Maximus (Macsen Wledig; died 28 August 388) was Roman emperor in the West from 383 to 388.

See History of Wales and Magnus Maximus

Mammoth

A mammoth is any species of the extinct elephantid genus Mammuthus. They lived from the late Miocene epoch (from around 6.2 million years ago) into the Holocene about 4,000 years ago, and various species existed in Africa, Europe, Asia, and North America.

See History of Wales and Mammoth

Maredudd ab Owain

Maredudd ab Owain (died) was a king of Gwynedd.

See History of Wales and Maredudd ab Owain

Megalith

A megalith is a large stone that has been used to construct a prehistoric structure or monument, either alone or together with other stones.

See History of Wales and Megalith

Menai Strait

The Menai Strait is a strait which separates the island of Anglesey from Gwynedd, on the mainland of Wales.

See History of Wales and Menai Strait

Mercia

Mercia (Miercna rīċe, "kingdom of the border people"; Merciorum regnum) was one of the three main Anglic kingdoms founded after Sub-Roman Britain was settled by Anglo-Saxons in an era called the Heptarchy.

See History of Wales and Mercia

Merthyr Tydfil

Merthyr Tydfil (Merthyr Tudful) is the main town in Merthyr Tydfil County Borough, Wales, administered by Merthyr Tydfil County Borough Council.

See History of Wales and Merthyr Tydfil

Mesolithic

The Mesolithic (Greek: μέσος, mesos 'middle' + λίθος, lithos 'stone') or Middle Stone Age is the Old World archaeological period between the Upper Paleolithic and the Neolithic.

See History of Wales and Mesolithic

Methodism

Methodism, also called the Methodist movement, is a Protestant Christian tradition whose origins, doctrine and practice derive from the life and teachings of John Wesley.

See History of Wales and Methodism

Morgan Llwyd

Morgan Llwyd (1619 – 3 June 1659) was a Puritan Fifth Monarchist and Welsh-language poet and prose author.

See History of Wales and Morgan Llwyd

Neanderthal

Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis or H. sapiens neanderthalensis) are an extinct group of archaic humans (generally regarded as a distinct species, though some regard it as a subspecies of Homo sapiens) who lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago.

See History of Wales and Neanderthal

Neolithic

The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Greek νέος 'new' and λίθος 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Europe, Asia and Africa.

See History of Wales and Neolithic

Nonconformist (Protestantism)

Nonconformists were Protestant Christians who did not "conform" to the governance and usages of the state church in England, and in Wales until 1914, the Church of England.

See History of Wales and Nonconformist (Protestantism)

Norman Conquest

The Norman Conquest (or the Conquest) was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army made up of thousands of Norman, French, Flemish, and Breton troops, all led by the Duke of Normandy, later styled William the Conqueror.

See History of Wales and Norman Conquest

Normans

The Normans (Norman: Normaunds; Normands; Nortmanni/Normanni) were a population arising in the medieval Duchy of Normandy from the intermingling between Norse Viking settlers and locals of West Francia.

See History of Wales and Normans

North Wales

North Wales (Gogledd Cymru) is a region of Wales, encompassing its northernmost areas.

See History of Wales and North Wales

Northern England

Northern England, or the North of England, is a region that forms the northern part of England and mainly corresponds to the historic counties of Cheshire, Cumberland, Durham, Lancashire, Northumberland, Westmorland and Yorkshire.

See History of Wales and Northern England

Northumbria

Northumbria (Norþanhymbra rīċe; Regnum Northanhymbrorum) was an early medieval Anglo-Saxon kingdom in what is now Northern England and south-east Scotland.

See History of Wales and Northumbria

Ochre

Ochre, iron ochre, or ocher in American English, is a natural clay earth pigment, a mixture of ferric oxide and varying amounts of clay and sand.

See History of Wales and Ochre

Offa of Mercia

Offa (died 29 July 796 AD) was King of Mercia, a kingdom of Anglo-Saxon England, from 757 until his death in 796.

See History of Wales and Offa of Mercia

Offa's Dyke

Offa's Dyke (Clawdd Offa) is a large linear earthwork that roughly follows the border between England and Wales.

See History of Wales and Offa's Dyke

Ogham

Ogham (Modern Irish:; ogum, ogom, later ogam) is an Early Medieval alphabet used primarily to write the early Irish language (in the "orthodox" inscriptions, 4th to 6th centuries AD), and later the Old Irish language (scholastic ogham, 6th to 9th centuries).

See History of Wales and Ogham

Old Welsh

Old Welsh (Hen Gymraeg) is the stage of the Welsh language from about 800 AD until the early 12th century when it developed into Middle Welsh.

See History of Wales and Old Welsh

Ordovices

The Ordovīcēs (Common Brittonic: *Ordowīces) were one of the Celtic tribes living in Great Britain before the Roman invasion.

See History of Wales and Ordovices

Owain Glyndŵr

Owain ap Gruffydd (–), commonly known as Owain Glyndŵr or Glyn Dŵr (anglicised as Owen Glendower), was a Welsh leader, soldier and military commander in the late Middle Ages, who led a 15-year-long revolt with the aim of ending English rule in Wales.

See History of Wales and Owain Glyndŵr

Owain Gwynedd

Owain ap Gruffudd (– 23 or 28 November 1170) was King of Gwynedd, North Wales, from 1137 until his death in 1170, succeeding his father Gruffudd ap Cynan.

See History of Wales and Owain Gwynedd

Owain Lawgoch

Owain Lawgoch (Owain of the Red Hand, translation), full name Owain ap Thomas ap Rhodri (July 1378), was a Welsh soldier who served in Lombardy, France, Alsace, and Switzerland.

See History of Wales and Owain Lawgoch

Owen Tudor

Sir Owen Tudor (– 2 February 1461) was a Welsh courtier and the second husband of Queen Catherine of Valois (1401–1437), widow of King Henry V of England.

See History of Wales and Owen Tudor

Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

See History of Wales and Oxford University Press

Paleolithic

The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic, also called the Old Stone Age, is a period in human prehistory that is distinguished by the original development of stone tools, and which represents almost the entire period of human prehistoric technology.

See History of Wales and Paleolithic

Palm Sunday

Palm Sunday is the Christian moveable feast that falls on the Sunday before Easter.

See History of Wales and Palm Sunday

Pembrokeshire

Pembrokeshire (Sir Benfro) is a county in the south-west of Wales.

See History of Wales and Pembrokeshire

Pen Dinas

Pen Dinas is a large hill in Penparcau, on the coast of Ceredigion, Wales, (just south of Aberystwyth) upon which an extensive Iron Age, Celtic hillfort is situated.

See History of Wales and Pen Dinas

Penal laws against the Welsh

The penal laws against the Welsh (Deddfau Penyd) were a set of laws, passed by the Parliament of England in 1401 and 1402 that discriminated against the Welsh people as a response to the Welsh Revolt of Owain Glyndŵr, which began in 1400.

See History of Wales and Penal laws against the Welsh

Penda of Mercia

Penda (died 15 November 655)Manuscript A of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle gives the year as 655.

See History of Wales and Penda of Mercia

Pengwern

Pengwern was a Brythonic settlement of sub-Roman Britain situated in what is now the English county of Shropshire, adjoining the modern Welsh border.

See History of Wales and Pengwern

Pentre Ifan

Pentre Ifan (literally "Ivan's Village") is the name of an ancient manor in the community and parish of Nevern, Pembrokeshire, Wales.

See History of Wales and Pentre Ifan

Plaid Cymru

Plaid Cymru (officially Plaid Cymru – the Party of Wales, and often referred to simply as Plaid) is a centre-left to left-wing, Welsh nationalist political party in Wales, committed to Welsh independence from the United Kingdom.

See History of Wales and Plaid Cymru

Poitou

Poitou (Poitevin: Poetou) was a province of west-central France whose capital city was Poitiers.

See History of Wales and Poitou

Powys

Powys is a county and preserved county in Wales.

See History of Wales and Powys

Presbyterian Church of Wales

The Presbyterian Church of Wales (Eglwys Bresbyteraidd Cymru), also known as the Calvinistic Methodist Church (Yr Eglwys Fethodistaidd Galfinaidd), is a denomination of Protestant Christianity based in Wales.

See History of Wales and Presbyterian Church of Wales

Prince of Wales

Prince of Wales (Tywysog Cymru,; Princeps Cambriae/Walliae) is a title traditionally given to the male heir apparent to the English, and later British, throne.

See History of Wales and Prince of Wales

Principality of Wales

The Principality of Wales (Tywysogaeth Cymru) was originally the territory of the native Welsh princes of the House of Aberffraw from 1216 to 1283, encompassing two-thirds of modern Wales during its height of 1267–1277.

See History of Wales and Principality of Wales

Puritans

The Puritans were English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to rid the Church of England of what they considered to be Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England had not been fully reformed and should become more Protestant.

See History of Wales and Puritans

Quaternary glaciation

The Quaternary glaciation, also known as the Pleistocene glaciation, is an alternating series of glacial and interglacial periods during the Quaternary period that began 2.58 Ma (million years ago) and is ongoing.

See History of Wales and Quaternary glaciation

Radiocarbon dating

Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.

See History of Wales and Radiocarbon dating

Red Lady of Paviland

The Red "Lady" of Paviland ("Dynes" Goch Pafiland) is an Upper Paleolithic partial male skeleton dyed in red ochre and buried in Wales 33,000 BP (approximately 31,000 BCE).

See History of Wales and Red Lady of Paviland

Reformed Christianity

Reformed Christianity, also called Calvinism, is a major branch of Protestantism that began during the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation, a schism in the Western Church.

See History of Wales and Reformed Christianity

Rheged

Rheged was one of the kingdoms of the Hen Ogledd ("Old North"), the Brittonic-speaking region of what is now Northern England and southern Scotland, during the post-Roman era and Early Middle Ages.

See History of Wales and Rheged

Rhodri Mawr

Rhodri ap Merfyn, commonly known as italic, was a Welsh king whose legacy has impacted the history of Wales.

See History of Wales and Rhodri Mawr

Rhondda

Rhondda, or the Rhondda Valley (Cwm Rhondda), is a former coalmining area in South Wales, historically in the county of Glamorgan.

See History of Wales and Rhondda

Rhys ap Gruffydd

Rhys ap Gruffydd or ap Gruffudd (often anglicised to "Griffith"; c. 1132 – 28 April 1197) was the ruler of the kingdom of Deheubarth in south Wales from 1155 to 1197.

See History of Wales and Rhys ap Gruffydd

Rhys ap Tewdwr

Rhys ap Tewdwr (c. 1040 – 1093) was a king of Deheubarth in Wales and member of the Dinefwr dynasty, a branch descended from Rhodri the Great.

See History of Wales and Rhys ap Tewdwr

Richard Davies (bishop)

Richard Davies (c. 15057 November 1581) was a Welsh bishop and scholar.

See History of Wales and Richard Davies (bishop)

Richard III of England

Richard III (2 October 1452 – 22 August 1485) was King of England from 26 June 1483 until his death in 1485.

See History of Wales and Richard III of England

River Elwy

The River Elwy (Afon Elwy in Welsh) is a river in Wales forming a tributary to the River Clwyd.

See History of Wales and River Elwy

Roman conquest of Britain

The Roman conquest of Britain was the Roman Empire's conquest of most of the island of Britain, which was inhabited by the Celtic Britons.

See History of Wales and Roman conquest of Britain

Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.

See History of Wales and Roman Empire

Roman governor

A Roman governor was an official either elected or appointed to be the chief administrator of Roman law throughout one or more of the many provinces constituting the Roman Empire.

See History of Wales and Roman governor

Roman legion

The Roman legion (legiō), the largest military unit of the Roman army, was composed of Roman citizens serving as legionaries.

See History of Wales and Roman legion

Royal Air Force

The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the air and space force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies.

See History of Wales and Royal Air Force

Sacred language

A sacred language, holy language or liturgical language is a language that is cultivated and used primarily for religious reasons (like Mosque service) by people who speak another, primary language (like Persian, Urdu, Pashtu, Balochi, Sindhi etc.) in their daily lives.

See History of Wales and Sacred language

Saint David

David (Dewi Sant; Davidus) was a Welsh Christian prelate who served as Bishop of Mynyw during the 6th century.

See History of Wales and Saint David

Saint Teilo

Saint Teilo (Teliarus or Teliavus; TeliauWainewright, John. "" in The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. XIV. Robert Appleton Co. (New York), 1912. Accessed 20 July 2013. or Telo; Télo or Théleau; – 9 February), also known by his Cornish name Eliud, was a British Christian monk, bishop, and founder of monasteries and churches.

See History of Wales and Saint Teilo

Saxons

The Saxons, sometimes called the Old Saxons, were the Germanic people of "Old" Saxony (Antiqua Saxonia) which became a Carolingian "stem duchy" in 804, in what is now northern Germany.

See History of Wales and Saxons

Scotland

Scotland (Scots: Scotland; Scottish Gaelic: Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

See History of Wales and Scotland

Second English Civil War

The Second English Civil War took place between February and August 1648 in England and Wales.

See History of Wales and Second English Civil War

Selyf ap Cynan

Selyf ap Cynan or Selyf Sarffgadau (died 616) appears in Old Welsh genealogies as an early 7th-century King of Powys, the son of Cynan Garwyn.

See History of Wales and Selyf ap Cynan

Senedd

The Senedd, officially known as the Welsh Parliament in English and Senedd Cymru in Welsh, is the devolved, unicameral legislature of Wales.

See History of Wales and Senedd

Shrewsbury

("May Shrewsbury Flourish") --> Shrewsbury is a market town, civil parish and the county town of Shropshire, England.

See History of Wales and Shrewsbury

Siege of Pembroke

The siege of Pembroke took place in 1648 during the Second English Civil War.

See History of Wales and Siege of Pembroke

Silures

The Silures were a powerful and warlike tribe or tribal confederation of ancient Britain, occupying what is now south east Wales and perhaps some adjoining areas.

See History of Wales and Silures

South Wales

South Wales (De Cymru) is a loosely defined region of Wales bordered by England to the east and mid Wales to the north.

See History of Wales and South Wales

St Davids

St Davids or St David's (Tyddewi,, "David's house”) is a cathedral city in Pembrokeshire, Wales.

See History of Wales and St Davids

Statute of Rhuddlan

The Statute of Rhuddlan (Statud Rhuddlan), also known as the Statutes of Wales (Statuta Valliae) or as the Statute of Wales (Statutum Valliae), was a royal ordinance by Edward I of England, which gave the constitutional basis for the government of the Principality of Wales from 1284 until 1536.

See History of Wales and Statute of Rhuddlan

Steel crisis

The steel crisis was a recession in the global steel market during the 1973–75 recession and early 1980s recession following the post–World War II economic expansion and the 1973 oil crisis, further compounded by the 1979 oil crisis, and lasted well into the 1980s.

See History of Wales and Steel crisis

Stephen, King of England

Stephen (1092 or 1096 – 25 October 1154), often referred to as Stephen of Blois, was King of England from 22 December 1135 to his death in 1154.

See History of Wales and Stephen, King of England

Stone Age

The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make stone tools with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface.

See History of Wales and Stone Age

Sub-Roman Britain

Sub-Roman Britain is the period of late antiquity in Great Britain between the end of Roman rule and the Anglo-Saxon settlement.

See History of Wales and Sub-Roman Britain

Sunday school

A Sunday school is an educational institution, usually Christian in character and intended for children or neophytes.

See History of Wales and Sunday school

Swansea

Swansea (Abertawe) is a coastal city and the second-largest city of Wales.

See History of Wales and Swansea

The Blitz

The Blitz was a German bombing campaign against the United Kingdom, in 1940 and 1941, during the Second World War.

See History of Wales and The Blitz

The Stationery Office

The Stationery Office (TSO) is a British publishing company created in 1996 when the publishing arm of His Majesty's Stationery Office was privatised.

See History of Wales and The Stationery Office

Thomas Horton (soldier)

Colonel Thomas Horton, January 1603 to October 1649, was a member of the minor gentry from Leicestershire who served in the Parliamentarian army during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.

See History of Wales and Thomas Horton (soldier)

Thomas Huet

Thomas Huet (died 19 August 1591) was a Welsh clergyman and translator of the Bible.

See History of Wales and Thomas Huet

Tinkinswood

Tinkinswood or its full name Tinkinswood Burial Chamber (Siambr Gladdu Tinkinswood), also known as Castell Carreg, Llech-y-Filiast and Maes-y-Filiast, is a megalithic burial chamber, built around 6,000 years ago, during the Neolithic period, in the Vale of Glamorgan, near Cardiff, Wales.

See History of Wales and Tinkinswood

Tower of London

The Tower of London, officially His Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London, England.

See History of Wales and Tower of London

Trahaearn ap Caradog

Trahaearn ap Caradog (1044–1081) was a King of Gwynedd.

See History of Wales and Trahaearn ap Caradog

Tre'r Ceiri

Tre'r Ceiri is a hillfort dating back to the Iron Age.

See History of Wales and Tre'r Ceiri

Treaty of Aberconwy

The Treaty of Aberconwy was signed on the 10th of November 1277, and was made between King Edward I of England and Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales.

See History of Wales and Treaty of Aberconwy

Treaty of Montgomery

The Treaty of Montgomery was an Anglo-Welsh treaty signed on 29 September 1267 in Montgomeryshire by which Llywelyn ap Gruffudd was acknowledged as Prince of Wales by King Henry III of England (r. 1216–1272).

See History of Wales and Treaty of Montgomery

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was a sovereign state in Northwestern Europe that was established by the union in 1801 of the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland.

See History of Wales and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

Vale of Glamorgan

The Vale of Glamorgan (Bro Morgannwg), locally referred to as The Vale, is a county borough in the south-east of Wales.

See History of Wales and Vale of Glamorgan

Vale of Neath

The Vale of Neath (or Neath Valley, Welsh: Cwm Nedd), one of the South Wales Valleys, encompasses the upper reaches of the River Neath in southwest Wales.

See History of Wales and Vale of Neath

Vikings

Vikings were seafaring people originally from Scandinavia (present-day Denmark, Norway, and Sweden), who from the late 8th to the late 11th centuries raided, pirated, traded, and settled throughout parts of Europe.

See History of Wales and Vikings

Votive offering

A votive offering or votive deposit is one or more objects displayed or deposited, without the intention of recovery or use, in a sacred place for religious purposes.

See History of Wales and Votive offering

Wales

Wales (Cymru) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

See History of Wales and Wales

Wars of the Roses

The Wars of the Roses, known at the time and in following centuries as the Civil Wars, were a series of civil wars fought over control of the English throne from 1455 to 1487.

See History of Wales and Wars of the Roses

Wars of the Three Kingdoms

The Wars of the Three Kingdoms, sometimes known as the British Civil Wars, were a series of intertwined conflicts fought between 1639 and 1653 in the kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland, then separate entities united in a personal union under Charles I. They include the 1639 to 1640 Bishops' Wars, the First and Second English Civil Wars, the Irish Confederate Wars, the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland and the Anglo-Scottish War of 1650–1652.

See History of Wales and Wars of the Three Kingdoms

Welsh devolution

Welsh devolution is the transfer of legislative power for self-governance to Wales by the Government of the United Kingdom.

See History of Wales and Welsh devolution

Welsh Government

The Welsh Government (Llywodraeth Cymru) is the devolved government of Wales.

See History of Wales and Welsh Government

Welsh independence

Welsh independence (Annibyniaeth i Gymru) is the political movement advocating for Wales to become a sovereign state, independent from the United Kingdom.

See History of Wales and Welsh independence

Welsh Italians

Welsh Italians (italo-gallesi; Cymry Eidalaidd) are Welsh who are fully or partially of Italian descent, whose ancestors were Italians who emigrated to Wales during the Italian diaspora, or Italian-born people in Wales.

See History of Wales and Welsh Italians

Welsh language

Welsh (Cymraeg or y Gymraeg) is a Celtic language of the Brittonic subgroup that is native to the Welsh people.

See History of Wales and Welsh language

Welsh Language Act 1967

The Welsh Language Act 1967 (c. 66) (Deddf yr Iaith Gymraeg 1967) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which gave some rights to use the Welsh language in legal proceedings in Wales (including Monmouthshire) and gave the relevant minister the right to authorise the production of a Welsh version of any documents required or allowed by the Act.

See History of Wales and Welsh Language Act 1967

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Wales

Also known as 19th century in Wales, 20th century in Wales, Hanes Cymru, Welsh History.

, Ceredigion, Chariot, Charles I of England, Cheshire, Christian revival, Church of England, Civitas, Coal industry in Wales, Coel Hen, Common Brittonic, Congregationalism, Conquest of Wales by Edward I, Constantine the Great, Cornwall, Council of Wales and the Marches, Cyfarthfa Ironworks, Cynon Valley, Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Dafydd ap Gwilym, Dafydd ap Llywelyn, Daniel Rowland (preacher), Deceangli, Deheubarth, Demetae, Demographic transition, Dissenter, Dolmen, Dowlais Ironworks, Dyfed, Earl of Chester, Earl of Pembroke, Earl of Shrewsbury, Edward I of England, Edward IV, Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, Edward V, Eisteddfod, Elmet, Empress Matilda, End of Roman rule in Britain, Ergyng, Exoskeleton, Firth of Forth, Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Gloucester, Glamorgan, Gododdin, Gofraid mac Arailt, Government of Wales Act 1998, Gower Peninsula, Great Orme, Griffith Jones (priest), Gruffudd ap Cynan, Gruffudd ap Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, Gruffydd ap Rhys, Gwynedd, Hanged, drawn and quartered, Harold Godwinson, Hawarden Castle (medieval), Heir apparent, Helena, mother of Constantine I, Hen Ogledd, Henry II of England, Henry III of England, Henry IV of England, Henry VI of England, Henry VII of England, Henry VIII, Herefordshire, Historia Brittonum, History of the steel industry (1970–present), History of the United Kingdom, Howell Harris, Human, Hunter-gatherer, Hywel Dda, Illtud, Industrial Revolution in Wales, Ironworks, Ivory, Jasper Tudor, John Davies (historian), John Jones Maesygarnedd, John Penry, Justiciar of South Wales, Keir Hardie, Kenneth O. Morgan, Kingdom of Ceredigion, Kingdom of Dyfed, Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Great Britain, Kingdom of Gwent, Kingdom of Gwynedd, Kingdom of Powys, Kingdom of Strathclyde, Labour Party (UK), Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542, Liberal Party (UK), Limestone, List of Anglo-Welsh wars, List of governors of Roman Britain, List of Welsh historical documents, Literary language, Llŷn Peninsula, Llyn Cerrig Bach, Llyn Fawr, Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Llywelyn ap Madog, Llywelyn Bren, Lower Paleolithic, Ludlow, Mabinogion, Machynlleth, Madog ap Llywelyn, Madog ap Maredudd, Maelgwn Gwynedd, Magistrate, Magnus Maximus, Mammoth, Maredudd ab Owain, Megalith, Menai Strait, Mercia, Merthyr Tydfil, Mesolithic, Methodism, Morgan Llwyd, Neanderthal, Neolithic, Nonconformist (Protestantism), Norman Conquest, Normans, North Wales, Northern England, Northumbria, Ochre, Offa of Mercia, Offa's Dyke, Ogham, Old Welsh, Ordovices, Owain Glyndŵr, Owain Gwynedd, Owain Lawgoch, Owen Tudor, Oxford University Press, Paleolithic, Palm Sunday, Pembrokeshire, Pen Dinas, Penal laws against the Welsh, Penda of Mercia, Pengwern, Pentre Ifan, Plaid Cymru, Poitou, Powys, Presbyterian Church of Wales, Prince of Wales, Principality of Wales, Puritans, Quaternary glaciation, Radiocarbon dating, Red Lady of Paviland, Reformed Christianity, Rheged, Rhodri Mawr, Rhondda, Rhys ap Gruffydd, Rhys ap Tewdwr, Richard Davies (bishop), Richard III of England, River Elwy, Roman conquest of Britain, Roman Empire, Roman governor, Roman legion, Royal Air Force, Sacred language, Saint David, Saint Teilo, Saxons, Scotland, Second English Civil War, Selyf ap Cynan, Senedd, Shrewsbury, Siege of Pembroke, Silures, South Wales, St Davids, Statute of Rhuddlan, Steel crisis, Stephen, King of England, Stone Age, Sub-Roman Britain, Sunday school, Swansea, The Blitz, The Stationery Office, Thomas Horton (soldier), Thomas Huet, Tinkinswood, Tower of London, Trahaearn ap Caradog, Tre'r Ceiri, Treaty of Aberconwy, Treaty of Montgomery, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Vale of Glamorgan, Vale of Neath, Vikings, Votive offering, Wales, Wars of the Roses, Wars of the Three Kingdoms, Welsh devolution, Welsh Government, Welsh independence, Welsh Italians, Welsh language, Welsh Language Act 1967, Welsh law, Welsh Marches, Welsh Methodist revival, Welsh nationalism, Welsh people, Welsh rebellions against English rule, Welsh-language literature, Whitland, William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford, William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke (died 1469), William Morgan (Bible translator), William Salesbury, William the Conqueror, William Williams Pantycelyn, World War I, World War II, Zinc, 1176 Cardigan eisteddfod, 14th century, 1904–1905 Welsh revival, 1979 Welsh devolution referendum, 1997 Welsh devolution referendum, 8th century, 9th century.

History of Wales, the Glossary

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