History of communism, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 644 relations: Abbé, Acts of the Apostles, Adolf Hitler, African Americans, African Blood Brotherhood, African National Congress, Age of Enlightenment, Agrarian society, Agriculture in the Soviet Union, Albert Laponneraye, Alexander Dubček, American Communist History, American University, Amsterdam University Press, Anabaptism, Anarchism, Anarchist communism, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, Anti-austerity movement, Anti-communism, Anti-fascism, Anti-statism, Antonio Gramsci, Apostolic Brethren, Archie Brown (historian), Aristophanes, Armed Forces of the Philippines, Assemblywomen, August Bebel, August Becker (socialist), Authoritarianism, Autocracy, Autonomism, Étienne Cabet, Étienne-Gabriel Morelly, Đổi Mới, Battle of Lipany, Bavaria, Bavarian Soviet Republic, Bay of Pigs Invasion, Béla Kun, BBC News, Beguines and Beghards, Belleville, Paris, Berlin Blockade, Berlin Wall, Bertolt Brecht, Biennio Rosso, ... Expand index (594 more) »

2. History of political thought

Abbé

Abbé (from Latin abbas, in turn from Greek ἀββᾶς, abbas, from Aramaic abba, a title of honour, literally meaning "the father, my father", emphatic state of abh, "father") is the French word for an abbot.

See History of communism and Abbé

Acts of the Apostles

The Acts of the Apostles (Πράξεις Ἀποστόλων, Práxeis Apostólōn; Actūs Apostolōrum) is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian Church and the spread of its message to the Roman Empire.

See History of communism and Acts of the Apostles

Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945.

See History of communism and Adolf Hitler

African Americans

African Americans, also known as Black Americans or Afro-Americans, are an ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from any of the Black racial groups of Africa.

See History of communism and African Americans

African Blood Brotherhood

The African Blood Brotherhood for African Liberation and Redemption (ABB) was a U.S. black liberation organization established in 1919 in New York City by journalist Cyril Briggs.

See History of communism and African Blood Brotherhood

African National Congress

The African National Congress (ANC) is a political party in South Africa.

See History of communism and African National Congress

Age of Enlightenment

The Age of Enlightenment (also the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment) was the intellectual and philosophical movement that occurred in Europe in the 17th and the 18th centuries.

See History of communism and Age of Enlightenment

Agrarian society

An agrarian society, or agricultural society, is any community whose economy is based on producing and maintaining crops and farmland.

See History of communism and Agrarian society

Agriculture in the Soviet Union

Agriculture in the Soviet Union was mostly collectivized, with some limited cultivation of private plots.

See History of communism and Agriculture in the Soviet Union

Albert Laponneraye

Albert Laponneraye (8 May 1808 – 1 September 1849) was a French republican socialist and journalist, popular historian, educator and an editor of Robespierre's writings.

See History of communism and Albert Laponneraye

Alexander Dubček

Alexander Dubček (27 November 1921 – 7 November 1992) was a Slovak statesman who served as the First Secretary of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) (de facto leader of Czechoslovakia) from January 1968 to April 1969 and as Chairman of the Federal Assembly from 1989 to 1992 following the Velvet Revolution.

See History of communism and Alexander Dubček

American Communist History

American Communist History is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Routledge on behalf of the Historians of American Communism.

See History of communism and American Communist History

American University

American University (AU or American) is a private federally chartered research university in Washington, D.C. Its main campus spans 90 acres (36 ha) on Ward Circle, mostly in the Spring Valley neighborhood of Northwest D.C. American University was chartered by an Act of Congress in 1893 at the urging of Methodist bishop John Fletcher Hurst, who sought to create an institution that would promote public service, internationalism, and pragmatic idealism.

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Amsterdam University Press

Amsterdam University Press (AUP) is a university press that was founded in 1992 by the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands.

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Anabaptism

Anabaptism (from Neo-Latin anabaptista, from the Greek ἀναβαπτισμός: ἀνά 're-' and βαπτισμός 'baptism'; Täufer, earlier also Wiedertäufer)Since the middle of the 20th century, the German-speaking world no longer uses the term Wiedertäufer (translation: "Re-baptizers"), considering it biased.

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Anarchism

Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that is against all forms of authority and seeks to abolish the institutions it claims maintain unnecessary coercion and hierarchy, typically including the state and capitalism.

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Anarchist communism

Anarchist communism is a political ideology and anarchist school of thought that advocates communism. History of communism and anarchist communism are communism.

See History of communism and Anarchist communism

Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece (Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity, that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories.

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Ancient Rome

In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.

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Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation

In February and March 2014, Russia invaded the Crimean Peninsula, part of Ukraine, and then annexed it.

See History of communism and Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation

Anti-austerity movement

The anti-austerity movement refers to the mobilisation of street protests and grassroots campaigns that has happened across various countries, especially in Europe, since the onset of the worldwide Great Recession.

See History of communism and Anti-austerity movement

Anti-communism

Anti-communism is political and ideological opposition to communist beliefs, groups, and individuals. History of communism and Anti-communism are communism.

See History of communism and Anti-communism

Anti-fascism

Anti-fascism is a political movement in opposition to fascist ideologies, groups and individuals.

See History of communism and Anti-fascism

Anti-statism

Anti-statism is an approach to social, economic or political philosophy that opposes the influence of the state over society.

See History of communism and Anti-statism

Antonio Gramsci

Antonio Francesco Gramsci (22 January 1891 – 27 April 1937) was an Italian Marxist philosopher, linguist, journalist, writer, and politician.

See History of communism and Antonio Gramsci

Apostolic Brethren

The Apostolic Brethren (sometimes referred to as Apostolici, Apostoli, or Apostolics) were a Christian sect founded in northern Italy in the latter half of the 13th century by Gerard Segarelli, a native of Alzano in the territory of Parma.

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Archie Brown (historian)

Archibald Haworth Brown, (born 10 May 1938) is a British political scientist.

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Aristophanes

Aristophanes (Ἀριστοφάνης) was an Ancient Greek comic playwright from Athens and a poet of Old Attic Comedy.

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Armed Forces of the Philippines

The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) (Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas) are the military forces of the Philippines.

See History of communism and Armed Forces of the Philippines

Assemblywomen

Assemblywomen (Ἐκκλησιάζουσαι Ekklesiazousai; also translated as, Congresswomen, Women in Parliament, Women in Power, and A Parliament of Women) is a comedy written by the Greek playwright Aristophanes in 391 BC.

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August Bebel

Ferdinand August Bebel (22 February 1840 – 13 August 1913) was a German socialist politician, writer, and orator.

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August Becker (c. 1810–1875) was a German political activist, politician, and journalist.

See History of communism and August Becker (socialist)

Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political status quo, and reductions in democracy, separation of powers, civil liberties, and the rule of law.

See History of communism and Authoritarianism

Autocracy

Autocracy is a system of government in which absolute power is held by the ruler, known as an autocrat.

See History of communism and Autocracy

Autonomism

Autonomism, also known as Autonomist Marxism, is an anti-capitalist social movement and Marxist-based theoretical current that first emerged in Italy in the 1960s from workerism (operaismo). History of communism and Autonomism are history of political thought and history of socialism.

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Étienne Cabet

Étienne Cabet (January 1, 1788 – November 9, 1856) was a French philosopher and utopian socialist who founded the Icarian movement.

See History of communism and Étienne Cabet

Étienne-Gabriel Morelly

Étienne-Gabriel Morelly (1717–1778) was a French utopian thinker, philosopher and novelist.

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Đổi Mới

Đổi Mới is the name given to the economic reforms initiated in Vietnam in 1986 with the goal of creating a "socialist-oriented market economy".

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Battle of Lipany

The Battle of Lipany (in Czech: Bitva u Lipan), also called the Battle of Český Brod, was fought at Lipany 40 km east of Prague on 30 May 1434 and virtually ended the Hussite Wars.

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Bavaria

Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria, is a state in the southeast of Germany.

See History of communism and Bavaria

Bavarian Soviet Republic

The Bavarian Soviet Republic (or Bavarian Council Republic), also known as the Munich Soviet Republic (Räterepublik Baiern, Münchner Räterepublik), was a short-lived unrecognised socialist state in Bavaria during the German revolution of 1918–1919.

See History of communism and Bavarian Soviet Republic

Bay of Pigs Invasion

The Bay of Pigs Invasion (sometimes called Invasión de Playa Girón or Batalla de Playa Girón after the Playa Girón) was a failed military landing operation on the southwestern coast of Cuba in 1961 by the United States of America and the Cuban Democratic Revolutionary Front (DRF), consisting of Cuban exiles who opposed Fidel Castro's Cuban Revolution, clandestinely financed and directed by the U.S.

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Béla Kun

Béla Kun (born Béla Kohn; 20 February 1886 – 29 August 1938) was a Hungarian communist revolutionary and politician who governed the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919.

See History of communism and Béla Kun

BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.

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Beguines and Beghards

The Beguines and the Beghards were Christian lay religious orders that were active in Western Europe, particularly in the Low Countries, in the 13th–16th centuries.

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Belleville, Paris

Belleville is a neighbourhood of Paris, France, parts of which lie in four different arrondissements.

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Berlin Blockade

The Berlin Blockade (24 June 1948 – 12 May 1949) was one of the first major international crises of the Cold War.

See History of communism and Berlin Blockade

Berlin Wall

The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer) was a guarded concrete barrier that encircled West Berlin of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; West Germany) from 1961 to 1989, separating it from East Berlin and the German Democratic Republic (GDR; East Germany).

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Bertolt Brecht

Eugen Berthold Friedrich Brecht (10 February 1898 – 14 August 1956), known professionally as Bertolt Brecht, was a German theatre practitioner, playwright, and poet.

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Biennio Rosso

The Biennio Rosso (English: "Red Biennium" or "Two Red Years") was a two-year period, between 1919 and 1920, of intense social conflict in Italy, following the First World War.

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Bob Avakian

Robert Bruce Avakian (born March 7, 1943) is an American political activist who is the founder and chairman of the Revolutionary Communist Party, USA (RCP).

See History of communism and Bob Avakian

Bogd Khanate of Mongolia

The Bogd Khanate of Mongolia was the de facto government of Outer Mongolia between 1911 and 1915 and again from 1921 to 1924.

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Bolsheviks

The Bolsheviks (italic,; from большинство,, 'majority'), led by Vladimir Lenin, were a far-left faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with the Mensheviks at the Second Party Congress in 1903.

See History of communism and Bolsheviks

Bolshevization

Bolshevization of the Communist International has at least two meanings.

See History of communism and Bolshevization

Boris Yeltsin

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (Борис Николаевич Ельцин,; 1 February 1931 – 23 April 2007) was a Soviet and Russian politician who served as President of Russia from 1991 to 1999.

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Bourgeoisie

The bourgeoisie are a class of business owners and merchants which emerged in the Late Middle Ages, originally as a "middle class" between peasantry and aristocracy.

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Breakup of Yugoslavia

After a period of political and economic crisis in the 1980s, the constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia split apart, but the unresolved issues caused a series of inter-ethnic Yugoslav Wars.

See History of communism and Breakup of Yugoslavia

Brill Publishers

Brill Academic Publishers, also known as E. J. Brill, Koninklijke Brill, Brill, is a Dutch international academic publisher of books and journals.

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Bulgarian Communist Party

The Bulgarian Communist Party (Bulgarian: Българска комунистическа партия (БΚП), Romanised: Bŭlgarska komunisticheska partiya; BKP) was the founding and ruling party of the People's Republic of Bulgaria from 1946 until 1989, when the country ceased to be a socialist satellite state of the Soviet Union.

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Burns & Oates

Burns & Oates was a British Roman Catholic publishing house which most recently existed as an imprint of Continuum.

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.

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Capitalism

Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.

See History of communism and Capitalism

Capitalist roader

In Maoism, a capitalist roader is a person or group who demonstrates a marked tendency to bow to pressure from bourgeois forces and subsequently attempts to pull the Chinese Communist Revolution in a capitalist direction.

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Cassell (publisher)

Cassell is a British book publishing house, founded in 1848 by John Cassell (1817–1865), which became in the 1890s an international publishing group company.

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Casualty (person)

A casualty, as a term in military usage, is a person in military service, combatant or non-combatant, who becomes unavailable for duty due to any of several circumstances, including death, injury, illness, missing, capture or desertion.

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Catholic Church in France

The French Catholic Church, or Catholic Church in France is part of the worldwide Catholic Church in communion with the Pope in Rome.

See History of communism and Catholic Church in France

Central and Eastern Europe

Central and Eastern Europe is a geopolitical term encompassing the countries in Northeast Europe (primarily the Baltics), Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Southeast Europe (primarily the Balkans), usually meaning former communist states from the Eastern Bloc and Warsaw Pact in Europe, as well as from former Yugoslavia.

See History of communism and Central and Eastern Europe

Chalcolithic

The Chalcolithic (also called the Copper Age and Eneolithic) was an archaeological period characterized by the increasing use of smelted copper.

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Charles Fourier

François Marie Charles Fourier (7 April 1772 – 10 October 1837) was a French philosopher, an influential early socialist thinker, and one of the founders of utopian socialism.

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Charles Scribner's Sons

Charles Scribner's Sons, or simply Scribner's or Scribner, is an American publisher based in New York City, known for publishing American authors including Henry James, Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Kurt Vonnegut, Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Stephen King, Robert A. Heinlein, Thomas Wolfe, George Santayana, John Clellon Holmes, Don DeLillo, and Edith Wharton.

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Chetham's Library

Chetham's Library in Manchester, England, is the oldest free public reference library in the English-speaking world.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.

See History of communism and China

Chinese Civil War

The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China and the forces of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), with armed conflict continuing intermittently from 1 August 1927 until 7 December 1949, resulting in a communist victory and control of mainland China.

See History of communism and Chinese Civil War

Chinese Communist Party

The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

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Christian anarchism

Christian anarchism is a Christian movement in political theology that claims anarchism is inherent in Christianity and the Gospels.

See History of communism and Christian anarchism

Christian communism

Christian communism is a theological view that the teachings of Jesus compel Christians to support religious communism. History of communism and Christian communism are communism.

See History of communism and Christian communism

Church Fathers

The Church Fathers, Early Church Fathers, Christian Fathers, or Fathers of the Church were ancient and influential Christian theologians and writers who established the intellectual and doctrinal foundations of Christianity.

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Civil rights movement (1896–1954)

The civil rights movement (1896–1954) was a long, primarily nonviolent action to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to all Americans.

See History of communism and Civil rights movement (1896–1954)

Civil war

A civil war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country).

See History of communism and Civil war

Class conflict

In political science, the term class conflict, or class struggle, refers to the political tension and economic antagonism that exist among the social classes of society, because of socioeconomic competition for resources among the social classes, between the rich and the poor.

See History of communism and Class conflict

Classless society

A classless society is a society in which no one is born into a social class like in a class society.

See History of communism and Classless society

Cold War

The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, that started in 1947, two years after the end of World War II, and lasted until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.

See History of communism and Cold War

Collective farming

Collective farming and communal farming are various types of "agricultural production in which multiple farmers run their holdings as a joint enterprise".

See History of communism and Collective farming

Collective ownership

Collective ownership is the ownership of property by all members of a group.

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Collectivist anarchism

Collectivist anarchism, also called anarchist collectivism and anarcho-collectivism, is an anarchist school of thought that advocates the abolition of both the state and private ownership of the means of production.

See History of communism and Collectivist anarchism

Collectivization in the Soviet Union

The Soviet Union introduced forced collectivization (Коллективизация) of its agricultural sector between 1928 and 1940 during the ascension of Joseph Stalin.

See History of communism and Collectivization in the Soviet Union

Colombia

Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with insular regions in North America.

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Columbia University Press

Columbia University Press is a university press based in New York City, and affiliated with Columbia University.

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Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly

The Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly (Комитет членов Учредительного собрания) was an anti-Bolshevik government that operated in Samara, Russia, during the Russian Civil War of 1917–1922.

See History of communism and Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly

Common ownership

Common ownership refers to holding the assets of an organization, enterprise or community indivisibly rather than in the names of the individual members or groups of members as common property.

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Commonwealth of Independent States

The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is a regional intergovernmental organization in Eurasia.

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Communism

Communism (from Latin label) is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products to everyone in the society based on need.

See History of communism and Communism

Communisme

Communisme is a French multidisciplinary academic journal in the field of communist studies, focusing in particular on the history of communism, founded in 1982 by Annie Kriegel and Stéphane Courtois. History of communism and communisme are communism.

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Communist armed conflicts in the Philippines

The history of communist armed conflicts in the Philippines is closely related to the history of Communism in the Philippines, with various armed conflict linked to the armed wings of the various communist organizations that have evolved since 1930.

See History of communism and Communist armed conflicts in the Philippines

Communist Correspondence Committee

The Communist Correspondence Committee (Kommunistisches Korrespondenz-Komitee) was an association of communists founded by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels with committees in Brussels, London, Cologne and Paris with the aim of politically and ideologically organising socialists of different countries to form a revolutionary proletarian party.

See History of communism and Communist Correspondence Committee

Communist International

The Communist International (Comintern), also known as the Third International, was an international organization founded in 1919 that advocated world communism, and which was led and controlled by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. History of communism and communist International are history of socialism.

See History of communism and Communist International

Communist League

The Communist League (German: Bund der Kommunisten) was an international political party established on 1 June 1847 in London, England.

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Communist party

A communist party is a political party that seeks to realize the socio-economic goals of communism.

See History of communism and Communist party

Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia

The Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (Komunistická strana Čech a Moravy, KSČM) is a communist party in the Czech Republic.

See History of communism and Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia

Communist Party of Cuba

The Communist Party of Cuba (Partido Comunista de Cuba, PCC) is the sole ruling party of Cuba.

See History of communism and Communist Party of Cuba

Communist Party of Czechoslovakia

The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (Czech and Slovak: Komunistická strana Československa, KSČ) was a communist and Marxist–Leninist political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between 1921 and 1992.

See History of communism and Communist Party of Czechoslovakia

Communist Party of Finland

The Communist Party of Finland (Suomen Kommunistinen Puolue, SKP; Finlands Kommunistiska Parti) was a communist political party in Finland.

See History of communism and Communist Party of Finland

Communist Party of India (Maoist)

The Communist Party of India (Maoist) is a banned Marxist–Leninist–Maoist communist political party and militant organization in India which aims to overthrow the "semi-colonial and semi-feudal Indian state" through protracted people's war.

See History of communism and Communist Party of India (Maoist)

Communist Party of India (Marxist)

The Communist Party of India (Marxist) (abbreviated as CPI(M)) is a communist political party in India.

See History of communism and Communist Party of India (Marxist)

Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)

The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre), abbreviated CPN (Maoist Centre), CPN-Maoist Centre, CPN Maoist Centre, or CPN (MC), is the third largest political party in Nepal and a member party of Samajbadi Morcha.

See History of communism and Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)

Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)

The Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) (abbr. CPN (UML)) is a communist political party in Nepal.

See History of communism and Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)

Communist Party of Spain

The Communist Party of Spain (Partido Comunista de España; PCE) is a communist party that, since 1986, has been part of the United Left coalition, which is currently part of Sumar.

See History of communism and Communist Party of Spain

Communist Party of the Philippines

The Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP; Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas) is a far-left, Marxist–Leninist–Maoist revolutionary organization and communist party in the Philippines, formed by Jose Maria Sison on 26 December 1968.

See History of communism and Communist Party of the Philippines

Communist Party of the Russian Federation

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF; Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii; KPRF) is a communist political party in Russia that officially adheres to Marxist–Leninist philosophy.

See History of communism and Communist Party of the Russian Federation

Communist Party of the Soviet Union

The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), at some points known as the Russian Communist Party, All-Union Communist Party and Bolshevik Party, and sometimes referred to as the Soviet Communist Party (SCP), was the founding and ruling political party of the Soviet Union.

See History of communism and Communist Party of the Soviet Union

Communist Party of Ukraine

The Communist Party of Ukraine (CPU or KPU) is a banned political party in Ukraine.

See History of communism and Communist Party of Ukraine

Communist society

In Marxist thought, a communist society or the communist system is the type of society and economic system postulated to emerge from technological advances in the productive forces, representing the ultimate goal of the political ideology of communism. History of communism and communist society are communism.

See History of communism and Communist society

Communist state

A communist state, also known as a Marxist–Leninist state, is a one-party state in which the totality of the power belongs to a party adhering to some form of Marxism–Leninism, a branch of the communist ideology. History of communism and communist state are communism.

See History of communism and Communist state

Communist Workers' Party of Germany

The Communist Workers' Party of Germany (Kommunistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands; KAPD) was an anti-parliamentarian and left communist party that was active in Germany during the Weimar Republic.

See History of communism and Communist Workers' Party of Germany

Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism

Various historians and other authors have carried out a comparison of Nazism and Stalinism, with particular consideration to the similarities and differences between the two ideologies and political systems, the relationship between the two regimes, and why both came to prominence simultaneously.

See History of communism and Comparison of Nazism and Stalinism

Confederación Nacional del Trabajo

The (National Confederation of Labor; CNT) is a Spanish confederation of anarcho-syndicalist labor unions, which was long affiliated with the International Workers' Association (AIT).

See History of communism and Confederación Nacional del Trabajo

Congress of South African Trade Unions

The Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU or Cosatu) is a trade union federation in South Africa.

See History of communism and Congress of South African Trade Unions

Conspiracy of the Equals

The Conspiracy of the Equals (Conjuration des Égaux) of May 1796 was a failed coup d'etat during the French Revolution.

See History of communism and Conspiracy of the Equals

Corruption in Angola

The institutional corruption in Angola refers to the pervasive and long-standing issue of corruption within the country's government and public institutions.

See History of communism and Corruption in Angola

Crimes against humanity under communist regimes

Crimes against humanity under communist regimes occurred during the 20th century, and they included forced deportations, massacres, torture, forced disappearance, extrajudicial killings, political terrorization campaigns,Kemp-Welch, p. 42. History of communism and Crimes against humanity under communist regimes are communism.

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Criticism of communist party rule

The actions by governments of communist states have been subject to criticism across the political spectrum. History of communism and criticism of communist party rule are communism.

See History of communism and Criticism of communist party rule

Criticism of monarchy

Criticism of monarchy has occurred since ancient times.

See History of communism and Criticism of monarchy

Croatian nationalism

Croatian nationalism is nationalism that asserts the nationality of Croats and promotes the cultural unity of Croats.

See History of communism and Croatian nationalism

Cuba

Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba, Isla de la Juventud, archipelagos, 4,195 islands and cays surrounding the main island.

See History of communism and Cuba

Cuban Missile Crisis

The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis (Crisis de Octubre) in Cuba, or the Caribbean Crisis, was a 13-day confrontation between the governments of the United States and the Soviet Union, when American deployments of nuclear missiles in Italy and Turkey were matched by Soviet deployments of nuclear missiles in Cuba.

See History of communism and Cuban Missile Crisis

Cuban Revolution

The Cuban Revolution (Revolución cubana) was the military and political effort to overthrow Fulgencio Batista's dictatorship which reigned as the government of Cuba between 1952 and 1959. History of communism and cuban Revolution are history of socialism.

See History of communism and Cuban Revolution

Cultural Revolution

The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in the People's Republic of China (PRC).

See History of communism and Cultural Revolution

Cyprus

Cyprus, officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.

See History of communism and Cyprus

Cyril Briggs

Cyril Valentine Briggs (May 28, 1888 – October 18, 1966) was an African-Caribbean American writer and communist political activist.

See History of communism and Cyril Briggs

Czech Republic

The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

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Das Kapital

Capital: A Critique of Political Economy (Das Kapital.), also known as Capital and Das Kapital, is a foundational theoretical text in materialist philosophy and critique of political economy written by Karl Marx, published as three volumes in 1867, 1885, and 1894.

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David Ricardo

David Ricardo (18 April 1772 – 11 September 1823) was a British political economist, politician, and member of the Parliament of Great Britain and Ireland.

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Détente

Détente (paren) is the relaxation of strained relations, especially political ones, through verbal communication. History of communism and Détente are communism.

See History of communism and Détente

Death and state funeral of Josip Broz Tito

The funeral of Josip Broz Tito, President of Yugoslavia and President of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, was held on 8 May 1980, four days after his death on 4 May.

See History of communism and Death and state funeral of Josip Broz Tito

Death and state funeral of Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong (26 December 1893 9 September 1976), also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary who became the founder of the People's Republic of China (PRC), which he ruled as the Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party from its establishment in 1949 until his death on 9 September 1976, at the age of 82.

See History of communism and Death and state funeral of Mao Zedong

Decolonisation of Africa

The decolonisation of Africa was a series of political developments in Africa that spanned from the mid-1950s to 1975, during the Cold War.

See History of communism and Decolonisation of Africa

Demetris Christofias

Demetris Christofias (Δημήτρης Χριστόφιας; 29 August 1946 – 21 June 2019) was a Cypriot politician, who served President of Cyprus from 2008 to 2013.

See History of communism and Demetris Christofias

Democratic Republic of Georgia

The Democratic Republic of Georgia (DRG; tr) was the first modern establishment of a republic of Georgia, which existed from May 1918 to February 1921.

See History of communism and Democratic Republic of Georgia

The Democratic Socialists of America (DSA) is a broad tent, democratic socialist political organization in the United States.

See History of communism and Democratic Socialists of America

Demokratizatsiya (Soviet Union)

(p, democratization) was a slogan introduced by CPSU General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev in January 1987 calling for the infusion of "democratic" elements into the Soviet Union's single-party government.

See History of communism and Demokratizatsiya (Soviet Union)

Deng Xiaoping

Deng Xiaoping (22 August 1904 – 19 February 1997) was a Chinese revolutionary and statesman who served as the paramount leader of the People's Republic of China (PRC) from December 1978 to November 1989.

See History of communism and Deng Xiaoping

Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China

Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China is a 2011 biography about Deng Xiaoping written by Ezra F. Vogel and published by The Belknap Press/Harvard University Press.

See History of communism and Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China

Denis Diderot

Denis Diderot (5 October 171331 July 1784) was a French philosopher, art critic, and writer, best known for serving as co-founder, chief editor, and contributor to the Encyclopédie along with Jean le Rond d'Alembert.

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Denis Vairasse

Denis Vairasse d' Allais (c.1630–1672) was a French Huguenot writer, especially known for his Utopian novel, History of Sevarambes.

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Dictatorship of the proletariat

In Marxist philosophy, the dictatorship of the proletariat is a condition in which the proletariat, or working class, holds control over state power.

See History of communism and Dictatorship of the proletariat

Die Lösung

"" ("The Solution") is a famous satirical German poem by Bertolt Brecht about the East German uprising of 1953.

See History of communism and Die Lösung

Diggers

The Diggers were a group of religious and political dissidents in England, associated with agrarian socialism.

See History of communism and Diggers

Diodorus Siculus

Diodorus Siculus or Diodorus of Sicily (Diódōros; 1st century BC) was an ancient Greek historian.

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Direct democracy

Direct democracy or pure democracy is a form of democracy in which the electorate decides on policy initiatives without elected representatives as proxies.

See History of communism and Direct democracy

Discourse on Inequality

Discourse on the Origin and Basis of Inequality Among Men (Discours sur l'origine et les fondements de l'inégalité parmi les hommes), also commonly known as the "Second Discourse", is a 1755 treatise by philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, on the topic of social inequality and its origins.

See History of communism and Discourse on Inequality

Dissolution of the Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was formally dissolved as a sovereign state and subject of international law on 26 December 1991 by Declaration № 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.

See History of communism and Dissolution of the Soviet Union

Dulcinians

The Dulcinians were a religious sect of the Late Middle Ages, originating within the Apostolic Brethren.

See History of communism and Dulcinians

Duma

A duma (дума) is a Russian assembly with advisory or legislative functions.

See History of communism and Duma

Dwight H. Perkins (economist)

Dwight Heald Perkins II (born in Chicago, Illinois, in 1934) is an American academic, economist, Sinologist and professor at Harvard University.

See History of communism and Dwight H. Perkins (economist)

Early Christianity

Early Christianity, otherwise called the Early Church or Paleo-Christianity, describes the historical era of the Christian religion up to the First Council of Nicaea in 325.

See History of communism and Early Christianity

Early modern period

The early modern period is a historical period that is part of the modern period based primarily on the history of Europe and the broader concept of modernity.

See History of communism and Early modern period

East Asia

East Asia is a geographical and cultural region of Asia including the countries of China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan.

See History of communism and East Asia

East Germany

East Germany (Ostdeutschland), officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik,, DDR), was a country in Central Europe from its formation on 7 October 1949 until its reunification with West Germany on 3 October 1990.

See History of communism and East Germany

Eastern Bloc

The Eastern Bloc, also known as the Communist Bloc (Combloc), the Socialist Bloc, and the Soviet Bloc, was the unofficial coalition of communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America that were aligned with the Soviet Union and existed during the Cold War (1947–1991). History of communism and Eastern Bloc are communism.

See History of communism and Eastern Bloc

Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent.

See History of communism and Eastern Europe

Eastern Front (World War II)

The Eastern Front, also known as the Great Patriotic War in the Soviet Union and its successor states, and the German–Soviet War in contemporary German and Ukrainian historiographies, was a theatre of World War II fought between the European Axis powers and Allies, including the Soviet Union (USSR) and Poland.

See History of communism and Eastern Front (World War II)

Ecclesia (ancient Greece)

The ecclesia or ekklesia (ἐκκλησία) was the assembly of the citizens in city-states of ancient Greece.

See History of communism and Ecclesia (ancient Greece)

Economy

An economy is an area of the production, distribution and trade, as well as consumption of goods and services.

See History of communism and Economy

Economy of Angola

The economy of Angola remains heavily influenced by the effects of four decades of conflict in the last part of the 20th century, the war for independence from Portugal (1961–75) and the subsequent civil war (1975–2002).

See History of communism and Economy of Angola

Economy of Poland

The economy of Poland is a high-income, industrialized, developed market with a mixed economy that serves as the sixth-largest in the European Union by nominal GDP and fifth-largest by GDP (PPP).

See History of communism and Economy of Poland

Economy of the Soviet Union

The economy of the Soviet Union was based on state ownership of the means of production, collective farming, and industrial manufacturing.

See History of communism and Economy of the Soviet Union

Eduard Bernstein

Eduard Bernstein (6 January 1850 – 18 December 1932) was a German social democratic Marxist theorist and politician.

See History of communism and Eduard Bernstein

Embassy of the United States, Berlin

The Embassy of the United States of America in Berlin (Botschaft der Vereinigten Staaten in Berlin) is the diplomatic mission of the United States of America in the Federal Republic of Germany.

See History of communism and Embassy of the United States, Berlin

Encyclopædia Britannica

The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

See History of communism and Encyclopædia Britannica

Enemy of the people

The terms enemy of the people and enemy of the nation are designations for the political opponents and for the social-class opponents of the power group within a larger social unit, who, thus identified, can be subjected to political repression.

See History of communism and Enemy of the people

English Civil War

The English Civil War refers to a series of civil wars and political machinations between Royalists and Parliamentarians in the Kingdom of England from 1642 to 1651.

See History of communism and English Civil War

English people

The English people are an ethnic group and nation native to England, who speak the English language, a West Germanic language, and share a common ancestry, history, and culture.

See History of communism and English people

Erich Honecker

Erich Ernst Paul Honecker (25 August 1912 – 29 May 1994) was a German communist politician who led the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) from 1971 until shortly before the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989.

See History of communism and Erich Honecker

Essenes

The Essenes (Hebrew:, Isiyim; Greek: Ἐσσηνοί, Ἐσσαῖοι, or Ὀσσαῖοι, Essenoi, Essaioi, Ossaioi) or Essenians were a mystic Jewish sect during the Second Temple period that flourished from the 2nd century BCE to the 1st century CE.

See History of communism and Essenes

Eugenics

Eugenics is a set of beliefs and practices that aim to improve the genetic quality of a human population.

See History of communism and Eugenics

Eurocommunism

Eurocommunism was a trend in the 1970s and 1980s within various Western European communist parties, which said they had developed a theory and practice of social transformation more relevant for Western Europe. History of communism and Eurocommunism are communism.

See History of communism and Eurocommunism

Europe-Asia Studies

Europe-Asia Studies is an academic peer-reviewed journal published 10 times a year by Routledge on behalf of the Institute of Central and East European Studies, University of Glasgow, and continuing (since vol. 45, 1993) the journal Soviet Studies (vols. 1–44, 1949–1992), which was renamed after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

See History of communism and Europe-Asia Studies

European Union

The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe.

See History of communism and European Union

Fall of the Berlin Wall

The fall of the Berlin Wall (Mauerfall) on November 9, 1989, during the Peaceful Revolution, marked the beginning of the destruction of the Berlin Wall and the figurative Iron Curtain, as East Berlin transit restrictions were overwhelmed and discarded.

See History of communism and Fall of the Berlin Wall

Fascism

Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultranationalist political ideology and movement, characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the perceived good of the nation or race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy.

See History of communism and Fascism

Federación Anarquista Ibérica

The Iberian Anarchist Federation (Federación Anarquista Ibérica, FAI) is a Spanish anarchist organization.

See History of communism and Federación Anarquista Ibérica

Feudalism

Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, was a combination of legal, economic, military, cultural, and political customs that flourished in medieval Europe from the 9th to 15th centuries.

See History of communism and Feudalism

Fidel Castro

Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (13 August 1926 – 25 November 2016) was a Cuban revolutionary and politician who was the leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008, serving as the prime minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and president from 1976 to 2008.

See History of communism and Fidel Castro

Finnish Civil War

The Finnish Civil War was a civil war in Finland in 1918 fought for the leadership and control of the country between White Finland and the Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic (Red Finland) during the country's transition from a grand duchy ruled by the Russian Empire to a fully independent state.

See History of communism and Finnish Civil War

First Hungarian Republic

The First Hungarian Republic (Első Magyar Köztársaság), until 21 March 1919 the Hungarian People's Republic (Magyar Népköztársaság), was a short-lived unrecognized country, which quickly transformed into a small rump state due to the foreign and military policy of the doctrinaire pacifist Károlyi government.

See History of communism and First Hungarian Republic

Foreign relations of China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), has full diplomatic relations with 180 out of the other 192 United Nations member states, Cook Islands, Niue and the State of Palestine.

See History of communism and Foreign relations of China

Foreign relations of Cuba

Cuba's foreign policy has been fluid throughout history depending on world events and other variables, including relations with the United States.

See History of communism and Foreign relations of Cuba

Foreign relations of Laos

The foreign relations of Laos, internationally designated by its official name as the Lao People's Democratic Republic, after the takeover by the Pathet Lao in December 1975, were characterized by a hostile posture toward the West, with the government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic aligning itself with the Soviet bloc, maintaining close ties with the Soviet Union and depending heavily on the Soviets for most of its foreign assistance.

See History of communism and Foreign relations of Laos

Foreign relations of North Korea

North Korea has diplomatic relations with 160 states.

See History of communism and Foreign relations of North Korea

Foreign relations of the Soviet Union

After the Russian Revolution, in which the Bolsheviks took over parts of the collapsing Russian Empire in 1918, they faced enormous odds against the German Empire and eventually negotiated terms to pull out of World War I. They then went to war against the White movement, pro-independence movements, rebellious peasants, former supporters, anarchists and foreign interventionists in the bitter civil war.

See History of communism and Foreign relations of the Soviet Union

Foreign relations of Vietnam

As of June 2024, Vietnam (officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam) maintains diplomatic relationships with 190 UN member states, State of Palestine and Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.

See History of communism and Foreign relations of Vietnam

Fra Dolcino

Fra Dolcino (c. 1250 – 1307) was the second leader of the Dulcinian reformist movement who was burned at the stake in Northern Italy in 1307.

See History of communism and Fra Dolcino

François Fénelon

François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon, PSS, more commonly known as François Fénelon (6 August 1651 – 7 January 1715), was a French Catholic archbishop, theologian, poet and writer.

See History of communism and François Fénelon

François Furet

François Furet (27 March 1927 – 12 July 1997) was a French historian and president of the Saint-Simon Foundation, best known for his books on the French Revolution.

See History of communism and François Furet

François-Noël Babeuf

François-Noël Babeuf (23 November 1760 – 8 Prarial, Year V), also known as Gracchus Babeuf, was a French proto-communist, revolutionary, and journalist of the French Revolutionary period.

See History of communism and François-Noël Babeuf

France

France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.

See History of communism and France

Francis Bacon

Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban, 1st Lord Verulam, PC (22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626) was an English philosopher and statesman who served as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England under King James I.

See History of communism and Francis Bacon

Franciscans

The Franciscans are a group of related mendicant religious orders of the Catholic Church.

See History of communism and Franciscans

Francisco Franco

Francisco Franco Bahamonde (4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish military general who led the Nationalist forces in overthrowing the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War and thereafter ruled over Spain from 1939 to 1975 as a dictator, assuming the title Caudillo.

See History of communism and Francisco Franco

Freikorps

Freikorps ("Free Corps" or "Volunteer Corps") were irregular German and other European paramilitary volunteer units that existed from the 18th to the early 20th centuries.

See History of communism and Freikorps

French Communist Party

The French Communist Party (Parti communiste français,, PCF) is a communist party in France.

See History of communism and French Communist Party

French philosophy

French philosophy, here taken to mean philosophy in the French language, has been extremely diverse and has influenced Western philosophy as a whole for centuries, from the medieval scholasticism of Peter Abelard, through the founding of modern philosophy by René Descartes, to 20th century philosophy of science, existentialism, phenomenology, structuralism, and postmodernism.

See History of communism and French philosophy

French Revolution

The French Revolution was a period of political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789, and ended with the coup of 18 Brumaire in November 1799 and the formation of the French Consulate.

See History of communism and French Revolution

French Third Republic

The French Third Republic (Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe République) was the system of government adopted in France from 4 September 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940, after the Fall of France during World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government.

See History of communism and French Third Republic

Friedrich Engels

Friedrich Engels (. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.; 28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895) was a German philosopher, political theorist, historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist.

See History of communism and Friedrich Engels

From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs

"From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs" (Jeder nach seinen Fähigkeiten, jedem nach seinen Bedürfnissen) is a slogan popularised by Karl Marx in his 1875 Critique of the Gotha Programme. History of communism and From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs are communism.

See History of communism and From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs

Fulgencio Batista

Fulgencio Batista y Zaldívar (born Rubén Zaldívar; January 16, 1901 – August 6, 1973) was a Cuban military officer and politician who served as the elected president of Cuba from 1940 to 1944 and as a military dictator from 1952 until his overthrow in the Cuban Revolution in 1959.

See History of communism and Fulgencio Batista

Gabriel Bonnot de Mably

Gabriel Bonnot de Mably (Grenoble, 14 March 1709 – 2 April 1785 in Paris), sometimes known as Abbé de Mably, was a French philosopher, historian, and writer, who for a short time served in the diplomatic corps.

See History of communism and Gabriel Bonnot de Mably

General strike

A general strike is a strike action in which participants cease all economic activity, such as working, to strengthen the bargaining position of a trade union or achieve a common social or political goal.

See History of communism and General strike

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (27 August 1770 – 14 November 1831) was a German philosopher and one of the most influential figures of German idealism and 19th-century philosophy.

See History of communism and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

George H. W. Bush

George Herbert Walker BushAfter the 1990s, he became more commonly known as George H. W. Bush, "Bush Senior," "Bush 41," and even "Bush the Elder" to distinguish him from his eldest son, George W. Bush, who served as the 43rd U.S. president from 2001 to 2009; previously, he was usually referred to simply as George Bush.

See History of communism and George H. W. Bush

Georgi Plekhanov

Georgi Valentinovich Plekhanov (a; – 30 May 1918) was a Russian revolutionary, philosopher and Marxist theoretician.

See History of communism and Georgi Plekhanov

German reunification

German reunification (Deutsche Wiedervereinigung) was the process of re-establishing Germany as a single full sovereign state, which took place between 9 November 1989 and 15 March 1991.

See History of communism and German reunification

Gerrard Winstanley

Gerrard Winstanley (baptised 19 October 1609 – 10 September 1676) was an English Protestant religious reformer, political philosopher, and activist during the period of the Commonwealth of England.

See History of communism and Gerrard Winstanley

Glasnost

Glasnost (гласность) is a concept relating to openness and transparency.

See History of communism and Glasnost

Google Books

Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) is a service from Google that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition (OCR), and stored in its digital database.

See History of communism and Google Books

Government of India

The Government of India (IAST: Bhārat Sarkār, legally the Union Government or Union of India and colloquially known as the Central Government) is the central executive authority of the Republic of India, a federal republic located in South Asia, consisting of 28 states and eight union territories.

See History of communism and Government of India

Government of Kerala

The Government of Kerala (abbreviated as GoK), also known as the Kerala Government, is the administrative body responsible for governing Indian state of Kerala.

See History of communism and Government of Kerala

Government of Vladimir Lenin

Under the leadership of Russian communist Vladimir Lenin, the Bolshevik Party seized power in the Russian Republic during a coup known as the October Revolution.

See History of communism and Government of Vladimir Lenin

Great Leap Forward

The Great Leap Forward was an economic and social campaign within the People's Republic of China (PRC) from 1958 to 1962, led by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).

See History of communism and Great Leap Forward

Great Purge

The Great Purge, or the Great Terror (translit), also known as the Year of '37 (label) and the Yezhovshchina (label), was Soviet General Secretary Joseph Stalin's campaign to consolidate power over the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Soviet state.

See History of communism and Great Purge

Greco-Roman world

The Greco-Roman civilization (also Greco-Roman culture or Greco-Latin culture; spelled Graeco-Roman in the Commonwealth), as understood by modern scholars and writers, includes the geographical regions and countries that culturally—and so historically—were directly and intimately influenced by the language, culture, government and religion of the Greeks and Romans.

See History of communism and Greco-Roman world

Greece

Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe.

See History of communism and Greece

Greenwood Publishing Group

Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. (GPG), also known as ABC-Clio/Greenwood (stylized ABC-CLIO/Greenwood), is an educational and academic publisher (middle school through university level) which is today part of ABC-Clio.

See History of communism and Greenwood Publishing Group

Grigory Zinoviev

Grigory Yevseyevich Zinoviev (born Ovsei-Gershon Aronovich Radomyslsky; – 25 August 1936) was a Russian revolutionary and Soviet politician.

See History of communism and Grigory Zinoviev

Gulag

The Gulag was a system of forced labor camps in the Soviet Union.

See History of communism and Gulag

Gulag: A History

Gulag: A History, also published as Gulag: A History of the Soviet Camps, is a non-fiction book covering the history of the Soviet Gulag system.

See History of communism and Gulag: A History

Habsburg monarchy

The Habsburg monarchy, also known as Habsburg Empire, or Habsburg Realm, was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities that were ruled by the House of Habsburg.

See History of communism and Habsburg monarchy

HarperCollins

HarperCollins Publishers LLC is a British-American publishing company that is considered to be one of the "Big Five" English-language publishers, along with Penguin Random House, Hachette, Macmillan, and Simon & Schuster.

See History of communism and HarperCollins

Harvard Institute for International Development

The Harvard Institute for International Development (HIID) was a think-tank dedicated to helping nations join the global economy, operating between 1974 and 2000.

See History of communism and Harvard Institute for International Development

Harvard University Press

Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing.

See History of communism and Harvard University Press

Haymarket Books

Haymarket Books is a left-wing non-profit, independent book publisher based in Chicago.

See History of communism and Haymarket Books

Henri de Saint-Simon

Claude Henri de Rouvroy, comte de Saint-Simon (17 October 1760 – 19 May 1825), better known as Henri de Saint-Simon, was a French political, economic and socialist theorist and businessman whose thought had a substantial influence on politics, economics, sociology and the philosophy of science.

See History of communism and Henri de Saint-Simon

Hierarchy

A hierarchy (from Greek:, from, 'president of sacred rites') is an arrangement of items (objects, names, values, categories, etc.) that are represented as being "above", "below", or "at the same level as" one another.

See History of communism and Hierarchy

High Middle Ages

The High Middle Ages, or High Medieval Period, was the period of European history that lasted from AD 1000 to 1300.

See History of communism and High Middle Ages

Historical Materialism (journal)

Historical Materialism is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal focused on the study of Marxist philosophy, historical materialism, political science, economics, modern society, and human history using a Marxist approach.

See History of communism and Historical Materialism (journal)

History of Japan

The first human inhabitants of the Japanese archipelago have been traced to the Paleolithic, around 38–39,000 years ago.

See History of communism and History of Japan

History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953)

The history of the Soviet Union between 1927 and 1953 covers the period in Soviet history from the establishment of Stalinism through victory in the Second World War and down to the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953.

See History of communism and History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953)

Holodomor

The Holodomor, also known as the Ukrainian Famine, was a man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine from 1932 to 1933 that killed millions of Ukrainians. The Holodomor was part of the wider Soviet famine of 1930–1933 which affected the major grain-producing areas of the Soviet Union. While scholars are in consensus that the cause of the famine was man-made, it remains in dispute whether the Holodomor was directed at Ukrainians and whether it constitutes a genocide.

See History of communism and Holodomor

Hugo Chávez

Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías (28 July 1954 – 5 March 2013) was a Venezuelan politician and military officer who served as the 47th president of Venezuela from 1999 until his death in 2013, except for a brief period of forty-seven hours in 2002.

See History of communism and Hugo Chávez

Humanism

Humanism is a philosophical stance that emphasizes the individual and social potential, and agency of human beings, whom it considers the starting point for serious moral and philosophical inquiry.

See History of communism and Humanism

Hungarian Communist Party

The Hungarian Communist Party (Magyar Kommunista Párt, abbr. MKP), known earlier as the Party of Communists in Hungary (Kommunisták Magyarországi Pártja, abbr. KMP), was a communist party in Hungary that existed during the interwar period and briefly after World War II.

See History of communism and Hungarian Communist Party

Hungarian Revolution of 1956

The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 (23 October – 4 November 1956; 1956-os forradalom), also known as the Hungarian Uprising, was an attempted countrywide revolution against the government of the Hungarian People's Republic (1949–1989) and the policies caused by the government's subordination to the Soviet Union (USSR).

See History of communism and Hungarian Revolution of 1956

The Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (Magyar Szocialista Munkáspárt, MSZMP) was the ruling Marxist–Leninist party of the Hungarian People's Republic between 1956 and 1989.

See History of communism and Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party

Hungarian Soviet Republic

The Socialist Federative Republic of Councils in Hungary (widely known in English language sources as the Hungarian Soviet Republic due to an early mistranslation in the press) was a short-lived communist state that existed from 21 March 1919 to 1 August 1919 (133 days), succeeding the First Hungarian Republic.

See History of communism and Hungarian Soviet Republic

Hungary

Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

See History of communism and Hungary

Hunter-gatherer

A hunter-gatherer or forager is a human living in a community, or according to an ancestrally derived lifestyle, in which most or all food is obtained by foraging, that is, by gathering food from local naturally occurring sources, especially wild edible plants but also insects, fungi, honey, bird eggs, or anything safe to eat, and/or by hunting game (pursuing and/or trapping and killing wild animals, including catching fish).

See History of communism and Hunter-gatherer

Hussite Wars

The Hussite Wars, also called the Bohemian Wars or the Hussite Revolution, were a series of civil wars fought between the Hussites and the combined Catholic forces of Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, the Papacy, and European monarchs loyal to the Catholic Church, as well as various Hussite factions.

See History of communism and Hussite Wars

Hutterites

Hutterites (Hutterer), also called Hutterian Brethren (German), are a communal ethnoreligious branch of Anabaptists, who, like the Amish and Mennonites, trace their roots to the Radical Reformation of the early 16th century and have formed intentional communities.

See History of communism and Hutterites

Hyōgikai

was a trade union centre in Japan which has been operational since 1920.

See History of communism and Hyōgikai

Ideology

An ideology is a set of beliefs or philosophies attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely epistemic, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones".

See History of communism and Ideology

India

India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia.

See History of communism and India

Individualism

Individualism is the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, and social outlook that emphasizes the intrinsic worth of the individual.

See History of communism and Individualism

Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66

Large-scale killings and civil unrest primarily targeting members and supposed sympathizers of the Communist Party (PKI) were carried out in Indonesia from 1965 to 1966.

See History of communism and Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66

Industrial society

In sociology, an industrial society is a society driven by the use of technology and machinery to enable mass production, supporting a large population with a high capacity for division of labour.

See History of communism and Industrial society

Industrialisation

Industrialisation (UK) or industrialization (US) is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society.

See History of communism and Industrialisation

Industrialization of China

The industrialization of China refers to the process of China undergoing various stages of industrialization and technological revolutions.

See History of communism and Industrialization of China

An intentional community is a voluntary residential community which is designed to have a high degree of social cohesion and teamwork.

See History of communism and Intentional community

Interfax-Ukraine

Interfax-Ukraine (Інтерфакс-Україна) is a Ukrainian news agency.

See History of communism and Interfax-Ukraine

International Confederation of Free Trade Unions

The International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) was an international trade union.

See History of communism and International Confederation of Free Trade Unions

International Red Aid

International Red Aid (also commonly known by its Russian acronym MOPR) was an international social-service organization.

See History of communism and International Red Aid

The International Review of Social History (IRSH) is a scholarly journal founded, in its current format, in 1956, by the International Institute of Social History (IISH).

See History of communism and International Review of Social History

International Union of Students

The International Union of Students (IUS) was a worldwide nonpartisan association of university student organizations.

See History of communism and International Union of Students

International Workers' Day

International Workers' Day, also known as Labour Day in some countries and often referred to as May Day, is a celebration of labourers and the working classes that is promoted by the international labour movement and occurs every year on 1 May, or the first Monday in May. History of communism and international Workers' Day are communism.

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International Workingmen's Association

The International Workingmen's Association (IWA), often called the First International (1864–1876), was an international organisation which aimed at uniting a variety of different left-wing socialist, social democratic, communist and anarchist groups and trade unions that were based on the working class and class struggle. History of communism and international Workingmen's Association are history of socialism.

See History of communism and International Workingmen's Association

Iran

Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.

See History of communism and Iran

Italian Communist Party

The Italian Communist Party (Partito Comunista Italiano, PCI) was a communist and democratic socialist political party in Italy.

See History of communism and Italian Communist Party

J. Arch Getty

John Archibald Getty III (born November 30, 1950) is an American historian and professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), who specializes in the history of Russia and the history of the Soviet Union.

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Jacobin (politics)

A Jacobin was a member of the Jacobin Club, a revolutionary political movement that was the most famous political club during the French Revolution (1789–1799).

See History of communism and Jacobin (politics)

Jacques Pierre Brissot

Jacques Pierre Brissot (15 January 1754 – 31 October 1793), also known as Brissot de Warville was a French journalist, abolitionist, and revolutionary leading the faction of Girondins (initially called Brissotins) at the National Convention in Paris.

See History of communism and Jacques Pierre Brissot

Jakob Hutter

Jakob Hutter (also spelled Jacob Hutter, Huter or Hueter; c. 1500 – 25 February 1536) was a Tyrolean Anabaptist leader and founder of the Hutterites.

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Jan Želivský

Jan Želivský (1380 in Humpolec – 9 March 1422 in Prague) was a prominent Czech priest during the Hussite Reformation.

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Jean Meslier

Jean Meslier (also Mellier; 15 June 1664 – 17 June 1729) was a French Catholic priest (abbé) who was discovered, upon his death, to have written a book-length philosophical essay promoting atheism and materialism.

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Jean-Jacques Pillot

Jean-Jacques Pillot (9 August 1808 – 13 June 1877) was a French revolutionary and republican communist.

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Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher (philosophe), writer, and composer.

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Jean-Paul Marat

Jean-Paul Marat (born Mara; 24 May 1743 – 13 July 1793) was a French political theorist, physician, and scientist.

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Jiang Qing

Jiang Qing (19 March 191414 May 1991), also known as Madame Mao, was a Chinese communist revolutionary, actress, and major political figure during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976).

See History of communism and Jiang Qing

John Ball (priest)

John Ball (1338 – 15 July 1381) was an English priest who took a prominent part in the Peasants' Revolt of 1381.

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John Wycliffe

John Wycliffe (also spelled Wyclif, Wickliffe, and other variants; 1328 – 31 December 1384) was an English scholastic philosopher, Christian reformer, Catholic priest, and a theology professor at the University of Oxford.

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Johnson–Forest Tendency

The Johnson–Forest Tendency, whose supporters are called the Johnsonites, is a radical left tendency in the United States associated with Marxist humanist theorists C. L. R. James and Raya Dunayevskaya, who used the pseudonyms J. R. Johnson and Freddie Forest respectively.

See History of communism and Johnson–Forest Tendency

Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953.

See History of communism and Joseph Stalin

Journal of Cold War Studies

The Journal of Cold War Studies is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal on the history of the Cold War.

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Juche

Juche, officially the Juche idea, is the state ideology of North Korea and the official ideology of the Workers' Party of Korea. History of communism and Juche are communism.

See History of communism and Juche

Jules Humbert-Droz

Jules-Frédéric Humbert-Droz (23 September 1891, La Chaux-de-Fonds – 16 October 1971) was a Swiss pastor, journalist, socialist and communist.

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Julius Martov

Yuliy Osipovich Tsederbaum (24 November 1873 – 4 April 1923), better known as Julius Martov, was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and the leader of the Mensheviks, a faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP).

See History of communism and Julius Martov

Karl Kautsky

Karl Johann Kautsky (16 October 1854 – 17 October 1938) was a Czech-Austrian philosopher, journalist, and Marxist theorist.

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Karl Liebknecht

Karl Paul August Friedrich Liebknecht (13 August 1871 – 15 January 1919) was a German socialist and anti-militarist.

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Karl Marx

Karl Marx (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German-born philosopher, political theorist, economist, historian, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist.

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Karl Schapper

Karl Friedrich Schapper (30 December 1812, Weinbach – 28 April 1870, London) was a German socialist and labour leader.

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Kavad I

Kavad I (𐭪𐭥𐭠𐭲; 473 – 13 September 531) was the Sasanian King of Kings of Iran from 488 to 531, with a two or three-year interruption.

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Kazakh famine of 1930–1933

The Kazakh famine of 1930–1933, also known as the Asharshylyk, was a famine during which approximately 1.5 million people died in the Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic, then part of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic in the Soviet Union, of whom 1.3 million were ethnic Kazakhs.

See History of communism and Kazakh famine of 1930–1933

Kerala

Kerala (/), called Keralam in Malayalam, is a state on the Malabar Coast of India.

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Khrushchev: The Man and His Era

Khrushchev: The Man and His Era is a 2003 biography of Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev.

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King of Kings

King of Kings was a ruling title employed primarily by monarchs based in the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent.

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Kingdom of Arles

The Kingdom of Burgundy, known from the 12th century as the Kingdom of Arles, also referred to in various context as Arelat, the Kingdom of Arles and Vienne, or Kingdom of Burgundy-Provence, was a realm established in 933 by the merger of the kingdoms of Upper and Lower Burgundy under King Rudolf II.

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Kingdom of Bohemia

The Kingdom of Bohemia (České království), sometimes referenced in English literature as the Czech Kingdom, was a medieval and early modern monarchy in Central Europe.

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Kingdom of Italy

The Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 17 March 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy, until 10 June 1946, when the monarchy was abolished, following civil discontent that led to an institutional referendum on 2 June 1946.

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Kingdom of Prussia

The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen) constituted the German state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918.

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Kingdom of Romania

The Kingdom of Romania (Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy that existed from 13 March (O.S.) / 25 March 1881 with the crowning of prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as King Carol I (thus beginning the Romanian royal family), until 1947 with the abdication of King Michael I and the Romanian parliament's proclamation of the Romanian People's Republic.

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Korean War

The Korean War was fought between North Korea and South Korea; it began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea and ceased upon an armistice on 27 July 1953.

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Kremlin

The Moscow Kremlin (Moskovskiy Kreml'), or simply the Kremlin, is a fortified complex in Moscow, Russia.

See History of communism and Kremlin

Krestintern

The Peasant International (Крестьянский Интернационал), known most commonly by its Russian abbreviation Krestintern (Крестинтерн), was an international peasants' organization formed by the Communist International (Comintern) in October 1923.

See History of communism and Krestintern

Kulak

Kulak (a; plural: кулаки́, kulakí, 'fist' or 'tight-fisted'), also kurkul or golchomag (plural), was the term which was used to describe peasants who owned over of land towards the end of the Russian Empire.

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Kuomintang

The Kuomintang (KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD), the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially based on the Chinese mainland and then in Taiwan since 1949.

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Laissez-faire

Laissez-faire (or, from laissez faire) is a type of economic system in which transactions between private groups of people are free from any form of economic interventionism (such as subsidies or regulations).

See History of communism and Laissez-faire

Laity

In religious organizations, the laity consists of all members who are not part of the clergy, usually including any non-ordained members of religious orders, e.g. a nun or a lay brother.

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Laos

Laos, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR), is the only landlocked country and one of the two Marxist-Leninist states in Southeast Asia.

See History of communism and Laos

Latin America and the Caribbean

The term Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is an English-language acronym referring to the Latin American and the Caribbean region.

See History of communism and Latin America and the Caribbean

League of Communists of Yugoslavia

The League of Communists of Yugoslavia, known until 1952 as the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, was the founding and ruling party of SFR Yugoslavia.

See History of communism and League of Communists of Yugoslavia

League of the Just

The League of the Just or League of Justice was a Christian communist international revolutionary organization.

See History of communism and League of the Just

Left communism

Left communism, or the communist left, is a position held by the left wing of communism, which criticises the political ideas and practices espoused by Marxist–Leninists and social democrats. History of communism and left communism are communism.

See History of communism and Left communism

Left-wing politics

Left-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that support and seek to achieve social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy as a whole or certain social hierarchies.

See History of communism and Left-wing politics

Leon Trotsky

Lev Davidovich Bronstein (– 21 August 1940), better known as Leon Trotsky, was a Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician, and political theorist.

See History of communism and Leon Trotsky

Leonid Brezhnev

Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev (19 December 1906– 10 November 1982) was a Soviet politician who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1964 until his death in 1982, and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (head of state) from 1960 to 1964 and again from 1977 to 1982.

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Lev Kamenev

Lev Borisovich Kamenev (né Rozenfeld; – 25 August 1936) was a Russian revolutionary and Soviet politician.

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Levellers

The Levellers were a political movement active during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms who were committed to popular sovereignty, extended suffrage, equality before the law and religious tolerance.

See History of communism and Levellers

Liberalism

Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality, right to private property and equality before the law. History of communism and Liberalism are history of political thought.

See History of communism and Liberalism

Libertarian socialism is an anti-authoritarian and anti-capitalist political current that emphasises self-governance and workers' self-management. History of communism and Libertarian socialism are communism and history of socialism.

See History of communism and Libertarian socialism

Lin Biao

Lin Biao (林彪; 5 December 1907 – 13 September 1971) was a Chinese politician and Marshal of the People's Republic of China who was pivotal in the Communist victory during the Chinese Civil War, especially in Northeast China from 1946 to 1949.

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List of leaders of the Soviet Union

During its 69-year history, the Soviet Union usually had a de facto leader who would not necessarily be head of state or even head of government but would lead while holding an office such as Communist Party General Secretary.

See History of communism and List of leaders of the Soviet Union

Several past and present states have declared themselves socialist states or in the process of building socialism.

See History of communism and List of socialist states

Literature review

A literature review is an overview of the previously published works on a topic.

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Liu Shaoqi

Liu Shaoqi (24 November 189812 November 1969) was a Chinese revolutionary and politician.

See History of communism and Liu Shaoqi

Lollardy

Lollardy, also known as Lollardism or the Lollard movement, was a proto-Protestant Christian religious movement that was active in England from the mid-14th century until the 16th-century English Reformation.

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Lord Chancellor

The Lord Chancellor, formally titled Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, is the highest-ranking traditional minister among the Great Officers of State in Scotland and England in the United Kingdom, nominally outranking the prime minister.

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Louis Auguste Blanqui

Louis Auguste Blanqui (8 February 1805 – 1 January 1881) was a French socialist, political philosopher and political activist, notable for his revolutionary theory of Blanquism.

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Louis Blanc

Louis Jean Joseph Charles Blanc (29 October 1811 – 6 December 1882) was a French socialist politician, journalist and historian.

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Low Countries

The Low Countries (de Lage Landen; les Pays-Bas), historically also known as the Netherlands (de Nederlanden), is a coastal lowland region in Northwestern Europe forming the lower basin of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta and consisting today of the three modern "Benelux" countries: Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands (Nederland, which is singular).

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Lyon

Lyon (Franco-Provençal: Liyon), formerly spelled in English as Lyons, is the second largest city of France by urban area It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of the French Alps, southeast of Paris, north of Marseille, southwest of Geneva, northeast of Saint-Étienne.

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Malayan Emergency

The Malayan Emergency, also known as the Anti-British National Liberation War was a guerrilla war fought in British Malaya between communist pro-independence fighters of the Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA) and the military forces of the Federation of Malaya, British Empire and Commonwealth.

See History of communism and Malayan Emergency

Man Mohan Adhikari

Man Mohan Adhikari (Magi) (मन मोहन अधिकारी; 9 June 1920 – 26 April 1999) was the 31st Prime Minister of Nepal from 1994 to 1995, representing the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist).

See History of communism and Man Mohan Adhikari

Manchester

Manchester is a city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England, which had a population of 552,000 at the 2021 census.

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Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976), also known as Chairman Mao, was a Chinese politician, Marxist theorist, military strategist, poet, and revolutionary who was the founder of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

See History of communism and Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong's cult of personality

Mao Zedong's cult of personality was a prominent part of Chairman Mao Zedong's rule over the People's Republic of China from the state's founding in 1949 until his death in 1976.

See History of communism and Mao Zedong's cult of personality

Maoism

Maoism, officially Mao Zedong Thought, is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed while trying to realize a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of China and later the People's Republic of China.

See History of communism and Maoism

March Action

The March Action (März Aktion or Märzkämpfe in Mitteldeutschland, i.e. "The March battles in Central Germany") was a failed communist uprising in 1921, led by the Communist Party of Germany (KPD), the Communist Workers' Party of Germany (KAPD), and other far-left organisations.

See History of communism and March Action

Market economy

A market economy is an economic system in which the decisions regarding investment, production and distribution to the consumers are guided by the price signals created by the forces of supply and demand.

See History of communism and Market economy

Marxism

Marxism is a political philosophy and method of socioeconomic analysis. History of communism and Marxism are communism.

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Marxism–Leninism

Marxism–Leninism is a communist ideology that became the largest faction of the communist movement in the world in the years following the October Revolution. History of communism and Marxism–Leninism are communism.

See History of communism and Marxism–Leninism

Marxists Internet Archive

Marxists Internet Archive (also known as MIA or Marxists.org) is a non-profit online encyclopedia that hosts a multilingual library (created in 1990) of the works of communist, anarchist, and socialist writers, such as Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Joseph Stalin, Mao Zedong, Rosa Luxemburg, Mikhail Bakunin, Peter Kropotkin and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, as well as that of writers of related ideologies, and even unrelated ones (for instance, Sun Tzu).

See History of communism and Marxists Internet Archive

Mass killings under communist regimes

Mass killings under communist regimes occurred through a variety of means during the 20th century, including executions, famine, deaths through forced labour, deportation, starvation, and imprisonment.

See History of communism and Mass killings under communist regimes

Max Weber

Maximilian Karl Emil Weber (21 April 186414 June 1920) was a German sociologist, historian, jurist, and political economist who was one of the central figures in the development of sociology and the social sciences more generally.

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Maximilien Robespierre

Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (6 May 1758 – 10 Thermidor, Year II 28 July 1794) was a French lawyer and statesman, widely recognized as one of the most influential and controversial figures of the French Revolution.

See History of communism and Maximilien Robespierre

Mazdak

Mazdak (مزدک, Middle Persian: 𐭬𐭦𐭣𐭪, also Mazdak the Younger; died c. 524 or 528) was an Iranian Zoroastrian mobad (priest) and religious reformer who gained influence during the reign of the Sasanian emperor Kavadh I. He claimed to be a prophet of Ahura Mazda and instituted social welfare programs.

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Mazdakism

Mazdakism (Persian: مزدکیه) was an Iranian religion, which was an offshoot of Zoroastrianism.

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Münster

Münster (Mönster) is an independent city (Kreisfreie Stadt) in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

See History of communism and Münster

Münster rebellion

The Münster rebellion (Täuferreich von Münster, "Anabaptist dominion of Münster") was an attempt by radical Anabaptists to establish a communal sectarian government in the German city of Münster then under the large Prince-Bishopric of Münster in the Holy Roman Empire.

See History of communism and Münster rebellion

Means of production

In political philosophy, the means of production refers to the generally necessary assets and resources that enable a society to engage in production. History of communism and means of production are communism.

See History of communism and Means of production

Mendicant orders

Mendicant orders are, primarily, certain Roman Catholic religious orders that have adopted for their male members a lifestyle of poverty, traveling, and living in urban areas for purposes of preaching, evangelization, and ministry, especially to the poor.

See History of communism and Mendicant orders

Mensheviks

The Mensheviks (mensheviki, from меньшинство,, 'minority') were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split with Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903.

See History of communism and Mensheviks

Mikhail Bakunin

Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin (30 May 1814 – 1 July 1876) was a Russian revolutionary anarchist.

See History of communism and Mikhail Bakunin

Mikhail Gorbachev

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (2 March 1931 – 30 August 2022) was a Soviet and Russian politician who served as the last leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to the country's dissolution in 1991.

See History of communism and Mikhail Gorbachev

Milan

Milan (Milano) is a city in northern Italy, regional capital of Lombardy, and the second-most-populous city proper in Italy after Rome.

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MIT Press

The MIT Press is a university press affiliated with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

See History of communism and MIT Press

Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact

The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, officially the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, was a non-aggression pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union with a secret protocol that partitioned between them or managed the sovereignty of the states in Central and Eastern Europe: Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland and Romania.

See History of communism and Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact

Monasticism

Monasticism, also called monachism or monkhood, is a religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual work.

See History of communism and Monasticism

Monday demonstrations in East Germany

The Monday demonstrations (Montagsdemonstrationen in der DDR) were a series of peaceful political protests against the government of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) that took place in towns and cities around the country on various days of the week from 1989 to 1991.

See History of communism and Monday demonstrations in East Germany

Mongolian People's Republic

The Mongolian People's Republic (MPR; Бүгд НайрамдахМонгол Ард Улс, БНМАУ) was a socialist state that existed from 1924 to 1992, located in the historical region of Outer Mongolia under the Qing dynasty.

See History of communism and Mongolian People's Republic

Moravia

Moravia (Morava; Mähren) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia.

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Moravian Church

The Moravian Church, or the Moravian Brethren (Moravská církev or Moravští bratři), formally the Unitas Fratrum (Latin: "Unity of the Brethren"), is one of the oldest Protestant denominations in Christianity, dating back to the Bohemian Reformation of the 15th century and the Unity of the Brethren (Jednota bratrská) founded in the Kingdom of Bohemia, sixty years before Martin Luther's Reformation.

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Moscow

Moscow is the capital and largest city of Russia.

See History of communism and Moscow

Namibia

Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa.

See History of communism and Namibia

Napoleon III

Napoleon III (Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was the first president of France from 1848 to 1852, and the last monarch of France as the second Emperor of the French from 1852 until he was deposed on 4 September 1870.

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National Liberation Army (Colombia)

The National Liberation Army (Ejército de Liberación Nacional, ELN) is a Marxist–Leninist guerrilla insurgency group involved in the continuing Colombian conflict, Official Journal of the European Union.

See History of communism and National Liberation Army (Colombia)

Nationalist government

The Nationalist government, officially the National Government of the Republic of China, refers to the government of the Republic of China from 1 July 1925 to 20 May 1948, led by the nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) party.

See History of communism and Nationalist government

NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO; Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance of 32 member states—30 European and 2 North American.

See History of communism and NATO

Naxalite–Maoist insurgency

The Naxalite–Maoist insurgency is an ongoing conflict between Maoist groups known as Naxalites or Naxals (a group of communists supportive of Maoist political sentiment and ideology) and the Indian government.

See History of communism and Naxalite–Maoist insurgency

Nazism

Nazism, formally National Socialism (NS; Nationalsozialismus), is the far-right totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany.

See History of communism and Nazism

Neo-Babouvism

Neo-Babouvism is a revolutionary socialist current in French political theory and action in the 19th century. History of communism and Neo-Babouvism are communism.

See History of communism and Neo-Babouvism

Nepal

Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia.

See History of communism and Nepal

Nepal Communist Party

The Nepal Communist Party, abbreviated NCP (नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी) is a defunct communist party which existed in Nepal from 2018 to 2021.

See History of communism and Nepal Communist Party

Netherlands

The Netherlands, informally Holland, is a country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean.

See History of communism and Netherlands

New Economic Policy

The New Economic Policy (NEP) was an economic policy of the Soviet Union proposed by Vladimir Lenin in 1921 as a temporary expedient.

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New Jerusalem

In the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible, New Jerusalem (YHWH šāmmā, YHWH there") is Ezekiel's prophetic vision of a city centered on the rebuilt Holy Temple, the Third Temple, to be established in Jerusalem, which would be the capital of the Messianic Kingdom, the meeting place of the twelve tribes of Israel, during the Messianic era.

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New People's Army

The New People's Army (Bagong Hukbong Bayan), abbreviated NPA or BHB, is the armed wing of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP).

See History of communism and New People's Army

New Testament

The New Testament (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon.

See History of communism and New Testament

New World

The term "New World" is used to describe the majority of lands of Earth's Western Hemisphere, particularly the Americas.

See History of communism and New World

Nicaraguan Revolution

The Nicaraguan Revolution (Revolución Nicaragüense or Revolución Popular Sandinista) began with rising opposition to the Somoza dictatorship in the 1960s and 1970s, the ouster of the dictatorship in 1978–79, and the Contra War, fought between the government and the Contras from 1981 to 1990.

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Nicholas Bonneville

Nicholas Bonneville (born Nicolas de Bonneville; 13 March 1760 — 9 November 1828) was a French bookseller, printer, journalist, and writer.

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Nicholas II

Nicholas II (Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov; 186817 July 1918) or Nikolai II was the last reigning Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland from 1 November 1894 until his abdication on 15 March 1917.

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Nicolae Ceaușescu

Nicolae Ceaușescu (– 25 December 1989) was a Romanian communist politician who served as the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989.

See History of communism and Nicolae Ceaușescu

Nicolas Restif de la Bretonne

Nicolas Restif de la Bretonne, born Nicolas-Edme Rétif or Nicolas-Edme Restif (23 October 1734 – 3 February 1806), also known as Rétif, was a French novelist.

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Nikita Khrushchev

Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (– 11 September 1971) was First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and Chairman of the Council of Ministers (premier) from 1958 to 1964.

See History of communism and Nikita Khrushchev

Nikolai Bukharin

Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (p; – 15 March 1938) was a Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician, and Marxist theorist.

See History of communism and Nikolai Bukharin

NKVD

The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (Narodnyy komissariat vnutrennikh del), abbreviated as NKVD, was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union from 1934 to 1946.

See History of communism and NKVD

North Korea

North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia.

See History of communism and North Korea

Northern Italy

Northern Italy (Italia settentrionale, label, label) is a geographical and cultural region in the northern part of Italy.

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Northwestern University Press

Northwestern University Press is an American publishing house affiliated with Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois.

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October Revolution

The October Revolution, also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution (in Soviet historiography), October coup,, britannica.com Bolshevik coup, or Bolshevik revolution, was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was a key moment in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917–1923.

See History of communism and October Revolution

Old Swiss Confederacy

The Old Swiss Confederacy, also known as Switzerland or the Swiss Confederacy, was a loose confederation of independent small states (cantons, German or), initially within the Holy Roman Empire.

See History of communism and Old Swiss Confederacy

On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences

On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences («О культе личности и его последствиях», «O kul'te lichnosti i yego posledstviyakh»), popularly known as the Secret Speech (секретный доклад Хрущёва), was a report by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev, First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, made to the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union on 25 February 1956.

See History of communism and On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences

One-party state

A one-party state, single-party state, one-party system or single-party system is a governance structure in which only a single political party controls the ruling system.

See History of communism and One-party state

Operation Barbarossa

Operation Barbarossa (Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and many of its Axis allies, starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during World War II.

See History of communism and Operation Barbarossa

Osprey Publishing

Osprey Publishing is a British publishing company specializing in military history based in Oxford.

See History of communism and Osprey Publishing

Otto Bauer

Otto Bauer (5 September 1881 – 4 July 1938) was one of the founders and leading thinkers of the left-socialist Austromarxists who sought a middle ground between social democracy and revolutionary socialism.

See History of communism and Otto Bauer

Otto von Bismarck

Otto, Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg (1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898; born Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck) was a Prussian statesman and diplomat who oversaw the unification of Germany.

See History of communism and Otto von Bismarck

Ovid

Publius Ovidius Naso (20 March 43 BC – AD 17/18), known in English as Ovid, was a Roman poet who lived during the reign of Augustus.

See History of communism and Ovid

Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

See History of communism and Oxford University Press

Pacifism

Pacifism is the opposition or resistance to war, militarism (including conscription and mandatory military service) or violence.

See History of communism and Pacifism

Paleolithic

The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic, also called the Old Stone Age, is a period in human prehistory that is distinguished by the original development of stone tools, and which represents almost the entire period of human prehistoric technology.

See History of communism and Paleolithic

Palgrave Macmillan

Palgrave Macmillan is a British academic and trade publishing company headquartered in the London Borough of Camden.

See History of communism and Palgrave Macmillan

Pan-European Picnic

The Pan-European Picnic (Paneuropäisches Picknick; páneurópai piknik; Paneurópsky piknik; Czech: Panevropský piknik) was a peace demonstration held on the Austrian-Hungarian border near Sopron, Hungary on 19 August 1989.

See History of communism and Pan-European Picnic

Pan-Pacific Trade Union Secretariat

The Pan-Pacific Trade Union Secretariat (PPTUS) was a regional subdivision of the Red International of Labor Unions (RILU, commonly known as the Profintern), the trade union organization associated with the Communist International.

See History of communism and Pan-Pacific Trade Union Secretariat

Paris Commune

The Paris Commune was a French revolutionary government that seized power in Paris from 18 March to 28 May 1871. History of communism and Paris Commune are history of socialism.

See History of communism and Paris Commune

PBS

The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and non-commercial, free-to-air television network based in Crystal City, Virginia.

See History of communism and PBS

Peasants' Revolt

The Peasants' Revolt, also named Wat Tyler's Rebellion or the Great Rising, was a major uprising across large parts of England in 1381.

See History of communism and Peasants' Revolt

Penguin Books

Penguin Books Limited is a British publishing house.

See History of communism and Penguin Books

People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

The People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (PDRE) was a socialist state that existed in Ethiopia and present-day Eritrea from 1987 to 1991.

See History of communism and People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

People's Liberation Guerrilla Army (India)

The People's Liberation Guerrilla Army (PLGA) is the armed wing of the Communist Party of India (Maoist), a banned political organisation in India which aims to overthrow the Indian Government through protracted people's war.

See History of communism and People's Liberation Guerrilla Army (India)

People's Republic of Angola

The People's Republic of Angola was the self-declared socialist state which governed Angola from its independence in 1975 until 25 August 1992, during the Angolan Civil War.

See History of communism and People's Republic of Angola

People's Republic of Benin

The People's Republic of Benin (République populaire du Bénin; sometimes translated literally as the Benin Popular Republic or Popular Republic of Benin) was a socialist state located in the Gulf of Guinea on the African continent, which became present-day Benin in 1990.

See History of communism and People's Republic of Benin

People's Republic of Mozambique

The People's Republic of Mozambique (Portuguese: República Popular de Moçambique) was a socialist state that existed in present-day Mozambique from 1975 to 1990.

See History of communism and People's Republic of Mozambique

People's Republic of the Congo

The People's Republic of the Congo (République populaire du Congo) was a Marxist–Leninist socialist state that existed in the Republic of the Congo from 1969 to 1992.

See History of communism and People's Republic of the Congo

The People's Socialist Republic of Albania (Republika Popullore Socialiste e Shqipërisë), officially the People's Republic of Albania from 1946 until 1976, and from 1991 to 1992 as the Republic of Albania, was the one-party communist state in Albania from 1946 to 1991.

See History of communism and People's Socialist Republic of Albania

Perestroika

Perestroika (a) was a political reform movement within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) during the late 1980s, widely associated with CPSU general secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost (meaning "transparency") policy reform.

See History of communism and Perestroika

Personal property

Personal property is property that is movable.

See History of communism and Personal property

Petr Chelčický

Petr Chelčický (c. 1390 – c. 1460) was a Czech Christian spiritual leader and author in the 15th century Bohemia, now the Czech Republic.

See History of communism and Petr Chelčický

Philippe Buonarroti

Filippo Giuseppe Maria Ludovico Buonarroti, more usually referred to under the French version Philippe Buonarroti (11 November 1761 – 16 September 1837), was an Italian-French utopian socialist, writer, agitator, freemason, and conspirator; he was active in Corsica, France, and Geneva.

See History of communism and Philippe Buonarroti

Philippines

The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.

See History of communism and Philippines

Piedmont

Piedmont (Piemonte,; Piemont), located in northwest Italy, is one of the 20 regions of Italy.

See History of communism and Piedmont

Pierre Leroux

Pierre Henri Leroux (7 April 1797 – 12 April 1871) was a French philosopher and political economist.

See History of communism and Pierre Leroux

Pierre-Joseph Proudhon

Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809 – 19 January 1865) was a French socialist,Landauer, Carl; Landauer, Hilde Stein; Valkenier, Elizabeth Kridl (1979).

See History of communism and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon

Pink tide

The pink tide (marea rosa; onda rosa; marée rose), or the turn to the left (giro a la izquierda; virada à esquerda; tournant à gauche), is a political wave and turn towards left-wing governments in Latin America throughout the 21st century.

See History of communism and Pink tide

Planned economy

A planned economy is a type of economic system where the distribution of goods and services or the investment, production and the allocation of capital goods takes place according to economic plans that are either economy-wide or limited to a category of goods and services. History of communism and planned economy are communism.

See History of communism and Planned economy

PM Press

PM Press is an independent publisher, founded in 2007, that specializes in radical literature.

See History of communism and PM Press

Polish October

The Polish October, also known as the Polish thaw or Gomułka's thaw, also "small stabilization" (mała stabilizacja) was a change in the politics of the Polish People's Republic that occurred in October 1956.

See History of communism and Polish October

Polish People's Republic

The Polish People's Republic (1952–1989), formerly the Republic of Poland (1947–1952), was a country in Central Europe that existed as the predecessor of the modern-day democratic Republic of Poland.

See History of communism and Polish People's Republic

Polish United Workers' Party

The Polish United Workers' Party (Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza), commonly abbreviated to PZPR, was the communist party which ruled the Polish People's Republic as a one-party state from 1948 to 1989.

See History of communism and Polish United Workers' Party

Polish–Soviet War

The Polish–Soviet War (late autumn 1918 / 14 February 1919 – 18 March 1921) was fought primarily between the Second Polish Republic and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic before it became a union republic in the aftermath of World War I and the Russian Revolution, on territories which were previously held by the Russian Empire and the Habsburg Monarchy following the Partitions of Poland.

See History of communism and Polish–Soviet War

Political movement

A political movement is a collective attempt by a group of people to change government policy or social values.

See History of communism and Political movement

Polity (publisher)

Polity is an academic publisher in the social sciences and humanities.

See History of communism and Polity (publisher)

Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro

The Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro; PUC-Rio) is a Jesuit, Catholic, pontifical university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

See History of communism and Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro

Pope John XXII

Pope John XXII (Ioannes PP.; 1244 – 4 December 1334), born Jacques Duèze (or d'Euse), was head of the Catholic Church from 7 August 1316 to his death, in December 1334.

See History of communism and Pope John XXII

Popular front

A popular front is "any coalition of working-class and middle-class parties", including liberal and social democratic ones, "united for the defense of democratic forms" against "a presumed Fascist assault". History of communism and popular front are history of socialism.

See History of communism and Popular front

Popular Front (Spain)

The Popular Front (Frente Popular) was an electoral alliance and pact formed in January 1936 to contest that year's general election by various left-wing political organizations during the Second Spanish Republic.

See History of communism and Popular Front (Spain)

Portugal

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country located on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe, whose territory also includes the Macaronesian archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira.

See History of communism and Portugal

Portuguese Communist Party

The Portuguese Communist Party (Partido Comunista Português,, PCP) is a communist and Marxist–Leninist political party in Portugal based upon democratic centralism.

See History of communism and Portuguese Communist Party

POUM

The Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (Partido Obrero de Unificación Marxista, POUM; Partit Obrer d'Unificació Marxista, POUM) was a Spanish communist party formed during the Second Republic and mainly active around the Spanish Civil War.

See History of communism and POUM

Poverty

Poverty is a state or condition in which an individual lacks the financial resources and essentials for a certain standard of living.

See History of communism and Poverty

President of Serbia

The president of Serbia (Predsednik Srbije), officially styled as President of the Republic (Predsednik Republike) is the head of state of Serbia.

See History of communism and President of Serbia

Prime Minister of Nepal

The Prime Minister of Nepal (Nēpālakō pradhānamantrī) is the head of government of Nepal.

See History of communism and Prime Minister of Nepal

Primitive communism

Primitive communism is a way of describing the gift economies of hunter-gatherers throughout history, where resources and property hunted or gathered are shared with all members of a group in accordance with individual needs. History of communism and Primitive communism are communism.

See History of communism and Primitive communism

Princeton University Press

Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.

See History of communism and Princeton University Press

Private property

Private property is a legal designation for the ownership of property by non-governmental legal entities.

See History of communism and Private property

Privatization

Privatization (rendered privatisation in British English) can mean several different things, most commonly referring to moving something from the public sector into the private sector.

See History of communism and Privatization

Profintern

The Red International of Labor Unions (translit, RILU), commonly known as the Profintern (Профинтерн.), was an international body established by the Communist International (Comintern) with the aim of coordinating communist activities within trade unions.

See History of communism and Profintern

Progress Publishers

Progress Publishers was a Moscow-based Soviet publisher founded in 1931.

See History of communism and Progress Publishers

Progressive Party of Working People

The Progressive Party of Working People (Ανορθωτικό Κόμμα ΕργαζόμενουΛαού,; ΑΚΕΛ or AKEL; Emekçi Halkın İlerici Partisi) is a Marxist–LeninistHelena Smith,,, 2008 communist party in Cyprus.

See History of communism and Progressive Party of Working People

Projet de communauté philosophe

Projet de communauté philosophe (translated as Project for a Philosophical Community) is a book written by the French philosopher Victor d'Hupay, published in 1777.

See History of communism and Projet de communauté philosophe

Proletarian internationalism

Proletarian internationalism, sometimes referred to as international socialism, is the perception of all proletarian revolutions as being part of a single global class struggle rather than separate localized events.

See History of communism and Proletarian internationalism

Proletariat

The proletariat is the social class of wage-earners, those members of a society whose only possession of significant economic value is their labour power (their capacity to work). History of communism and proletariat are communism.

See History of communism and Proletariat

Property

Property is a system of rights that gives people legal control of valuable things, and also refers to the valuable things themselves.

See History of communism and Property

Property is theft!

"Property is theft!" (La propriété, c'est le vol!) is a slogan coined by French anarchist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon in his 1840 book What Is Property? or, An Inquiry into the Principle of Right and of Government.

See History of communism and Property is theft!

Proto-Protestantism

Proto-Protestantism, also called pre-Protestantism, refers to individuals and movements that propagated various ideas later associated with Protestantism before 1517, which historians usually regard as the starting year for the Reformation era.

See History of communism and Proto-Protestantism

Public property

Public property is property that is dedicated to public use.

See History of communism and Public property

Purdue University

Purdue University is a public land-grant research university in West Lafayette, Indiana, and the flagship campus of the Purdue University system.

See History of communism and Purdue University

Pushpa Kamal Dahal

Pushpa Kamal Dahal (पुष्पकमल दाहाल; born Ghanashyam Dahal, 11 December 1954), alias Prachanda ("fierce"), is a Nepalese politician, currently serving as the Leader of the Opposition, since July 2024.

See History of communism and Pushpa Kamal Dahal

Radical Reformation

The Radical Reformation represented a response to perceived corruption both in the Catholic Church and in the expanding Magisterial Protestant movement led by Martin Luther and many others.

See History of communism and Radical Reformation

Random House

Random House is an imprint and publishing group of Penguin Random House.

See History of communism and Random House

Red Army

The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union.

See History of communism and Red Army

Red corridor

The red corridor, also called the red zone or according to the Naxalite–Maoist parlance the Compact Revolutionary Zone, is the region in the eastern, central and the southern parts of India where the Naxalite–Maoist insurgency has the strongest presence.

See History of communism and Red corridor

Red Guards

The Red Guards were a mass, student-led, paramilitary social movement mobilized by Chairman Mao Zedong in 1966 until their abolishment in 1968, during the first phase of the Cultural Revolution, which he had instituted.

See History of communism and Red Guards

Red Sport International

The International Association of Red Sports and Gymnastics Associations, commonly known as Red Sport International (RSI) or Sportintern was a Comintern-supported international sports organization established in July 1921.

See History of communism and Red Sport International

Redistribution of income and wealth

Redistribution of income and wealth is the transfer of income and wealth (including physical property) from some individuals to others through a social mechanism such as taxation, welfare, public services, land reform, monetary policies, confiscation, divorce or tort law.

See History of communism and Redistribution of income and wealth

Reformation

The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation and the European Reformation, was a major theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the papacy and the authority of the Catholic Church.

See History of communism and Reformation

Religious Tract Society

The Religious Tract Society was a British evangelical Christian organization founded in 1799 and known for publishing a variety of popular religious and quasi-religious texts in the 19th century.

See History of communism and Religious Tract Society

Republic (Plato)

The Republic (Politeia) is a Socratic dialogue, authored by Plato around 375 BC, concerning justice, the order and character of the just city-state, and the just man.

See History of communism and Republic (Plato)

Republic of China (1912–1949)

The Republic of China (ROC), or simply China, as a sovereign state was based on mainland China from 1912 to 1949, when the government retreated to Taiwan, where it continues to be based.

See History of communism and Republic of China (1912–1949)

Republics of the Soviet Union

The Republics of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or the Union Republics (r) were national-based administrative units of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).

See History of communism and Republics of the Soviet Union

Reuters

Reuters is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters.

See History of communism and Reuters

Revisionism (Marxism)

Revisionism (Marxism), otherwise known as Marxist reformism, represents various ideas, principles, and theories that are based on a reform or revision of Marxism.

See History of communism and Revisionism (Marxism)

Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia

The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia – People's Army (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de ColombiaEjército del Pueblo, FARC–EP or FARC) is a Marxist–Leninist guerrilla group involved in the continuing Colombian conflict starting in 1964.

See History of communism and Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia

Revolutionary Communist Party, USA

The Revolutionary Communist Party, USA (also known as RCP, The Revcoms, or Revcom) is a new communist party in the United States founded in 1975 and led by its chairman, Bob Avakian.

See History of communism and Revolutionary Communist Party, USA

Revolutions of 1917–1923

The Revolutions of 1917–1923 were a revolutionary wave that included political unrest and armed revolts around the world inspired by the success of the Russian Revolution and the disorder created by the aftermath of World War I. The uprisings were mainly socialist or anti-colonial in nature. History of communism and revolutions of 1917–1923 are communism and history of socialism.

See History of communism and Revolutions of 1917–1923

Revolutions of 1989

The Revolutions of 1989, also known as the Fall of Communism, were a revolutionary wave of liberal democracy movements that resulted in the collapse of most Marxist–Leninist governments in the Eastern Bloc and other parts of the world.

See History of communism and Revolutions of 1989

Richard Pipes

Richard Edgar Pipes (ריכארד פּיִפּעץ Rikhard Pipets; Ryszard Pipes; July 11, 1923 – May 17, 2018) was an American historian who specialized in Russian and Soviet history.

See History of communism and Richard Pipes

Right Opposition

The Right Opposition (Pravaya oppozitsiya) or Right Tendency (Praviy uklon) in the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was a label formulated by Joseph Stalin in autumn of 1928 for the opposition against certain measures included within the first five-year plan, an opposition which was led by Nikolai Bukharin, Alexei Rykov, Mikhail Tomsky and their supporters within the Soviet Union that did not follow the so-called "general line of the party". History of communism and Right Opposition are history of socialism.

See History of communism and Right Opposition

Right-wing paramilitarism in Colombia

Right-wing paramilitary groups in Colombia (paramilitares de derecha) are paramilitary groups acting in opposition to revolutionary Marxist–Leninist guerrilla forces and their allies among the civilian population.

See History of communism and Right-wing paramilitarism in Colombia

Robert Mugabe

Robert Gabriel Mugabe (21 February 1924 – 6 September 2019) was a Zimbabwean revolutionary and politician who served as Prime Minister of Zimbabwe from 1980 to 1987 and then as President from 1987 to 2017.

See History of communism and Robert Mugabe

Robert Service (historian)

Robert John Service (born 29 October 1947) is a post-revisionist British historian, academic, and author who has written extensively on the history of the Soviet Union, particularly the era from the October Revolution to Stalin's death.

See History of communism and Robert Service (historian)

Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.

See History of communism and Roman Empire

Romanian Communist Party

The Romanian Communist Party (Partidul Comunist Român,, PCR) was a communist party in Romania.

See History of communism and Romanian Communist Party

Romanian revolution

The Romanian revolution (Revoluția română) was a period of violent civil unrest in Romania during December 1989 as a part of the revolutions of 1989 that occurred in several countries around the world, primarily within the Eastern Bloc.

See History of communism and Romanian revolution

Rosa Luxemburg

Rosa Luxemburg (Róża Luksemburg,;; born Rozalia Luksenburg; 5 March 1871 – 15 January 1919) was a Polish and naturalised-German revolutionary socialist, orthodox Marxist, and anti-War activist during the First World War.

See History of communism and Rosa Luxemburg

Roundhead

Roundheads were the supporters of the Parliament of England during the English Civil War (1642–1651).

See History of communism and Roundhead

Routledge

Routledge is a British multinational publisher.

See History of communism and Routledge

Rowman & Littlefield

Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group is an American independent academic publishing company founded in 1949.

See History of communism and Rowman & Littlefield

Rudolf Hilferding

Rudolf Hilferding (10 August 1877 – 11 February 1941) was an Austrian-born Marxist economist, socialist theorist,International Institute of Social History, Rodolf Hilferding Papers.

See History of communism and Rudolf Hilferding

Russia

Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia.

See History of communism and Russia

Russian Civil War

The Russian Civil War was a multi-party civil war in the former Russian Empire sparked by the overthrowing of the social-democratic Russian Provisional Government in the October Revolution, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future.

See History of communism and Russian Civil War

Russian Empire

The Russian Empire was a vast empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until its dissolution in March 1917.

See History of communism and Russian Empire

Russian Revolution

The Russian Revolution was a period of political and social change in Russia, starting in 1917.

See History of communism and Russian Revolution

Russian Revolution of 1905

The Russian Revolution of 1905, also known as the First Russian Revolution, began on 22 January 1905.

See History of communism and Russian Revolution of 1905

The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP;, Rossiyskaya sotsial-demokraticheskaya rabochaya partiya (RSDRP)), also known as the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party or the Russian Social Democratic Party, was a socialist political party founded in 1898 in Minsk (then in Northwestern Krai of the Russian Empire, present-day Belarus).

See History of communism and Russian Social Democratic Labour Party

The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Soviet Republic and the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people, article I. was an independent federal socialist state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest and most populous constituent republic of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1922 to 1991, until becoming a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991, the last two years of the existence of the USSR..

See History of communism and Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

Russo-Ukrainian War

The ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War began in February 2014.

See History of communism and Russo-Ukrainian War

Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow.

See History of communism and Saint Petersburg

Samara

Samara, formerly known as Kuybyshev during Soviet rule, is the largest city and administrative centre of Samara Oblast in Russia.

See History of communism and Samara

Sasanian Empire

The Sasanian Empire or Sassanid Empire, and officially known as Eranshahr ("Land/Empire of the Iranians"), was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th to 8th centuries.

See History of communism and Sasanian Empire

Scholasticism

Scholasticism was a medieval school of philosophy that employed a critical organic method of philosophical analysis predicated upon the Aristotelian 10 Categories.

See History of communism and Scholasticism

Scientific socialism is a term which was coined in 1840 by Pierre-Joseph Proudhon in his book What is Property? to mean a society ruled by a scientific government, i.e., one whose sovereignty rests upon reason, rather than sheer will: Thus, in a given society, the authority of man over man is inversely proportional to the stage of intellectual development which that society has reached; and the probable duration of that authority can be calculated from the more or less general desire for a true government, — that is, for a scientific government.

See History of communism and Scientific socialism

Second International

The Second International, also called the Socialist International, was an organisation of socialist and labour parties, formed on 14 July 1889 at two simultaneous Paris meetings in which delegations from twenty countries participated. History of communism and Second International are history of socialism.

See History of communism and Second International

Second Spanish Republic

The Spanish Republic, commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic, was the form of democratic government in Spain from 1931 to 1939.

See History of communism and Second Spanish Republic

Seneca the Younger

Lucius Annaeus Seneca the Younger (AD 65), usually known mononymously as Seneca, was a Stoic philosopher of Ancient Rome, a statesman, dramatist, and in one work, satirist, from the post-Augustan age of Latin literature.

See History of communism and Seneca the Younger

Serbian nationalism

Serbian nationalism asserts that Serbs are a nation and promotes the cultural and political unity of Serbs.

See History of communism and Serbian nationalism

Siberia

Siberia (Sibir') is an extensive geographical region comprising all of North Asia, from the Ural Mountains in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east.

See History of communism and Siberia

Slavery

Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labour.

See History of communism and Slavery

Slobodan Milošević

Slobodan Milošević (20 August 1941 – 11 March 2006) was a Yugoslav and Serbian politician who was the President of Serbia between 1989–1997 and President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1997 until his оverthrow in 2000.

See History of communism and Slobodan Milošević

Slovenian nationalism

Slovenian nationalism is the nationalism that asserts that Slovenes are a nation and promotes the cultural unity of Slovenes.

See History of communism and Slovenian nationalism

Social democracy is a political, social, and economic philosophy within socialism that supports political and economic democracy and supports a gradualist, reformist and democratic approach towards achieving socialism.

See History of communism and Social democracy

The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by many political parties in various countries around the world.

See History of communism and Social Democratic Party

The Social Democratic Party of Germany (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands,; SPD) is a social democratic political party in Germany.

See History of communism and Social Democratic Party of Germany

The Social Democratic Party of Hungary (Magyarországi Szociáldemokrata Párt, MSZDP) is a social democratic political party in Hungary.

See History of communism and Social Democratic Party of Hungary

Social fascism was a theory developed by the Communist International (Comintern) in the early 1930s which saw social democracy as a moderate variant of fascism. History of communism and social fascism are communism.

See History of communism and Social fascism

Social revolutions are sudden changes in the structure and nature of society.

See History of communism and Social revolution

Socialism is an economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership.

See History of communism and Socialism

Socialism of the 21st century (Socialismo del siglo XXI; Socialismo do século XXI; Sozialismus des 21.) is an interpretation of socialist principles first advocated by German sociologist and political analyst Heinz Dieterich and taken up by a number of Latin American leaders.

See History of communism and Socialism of the 21st century

Socialism with Chinese characteristics is a set of political theories and policies of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) that are seen by their proponents as representing Marxism–Leninism adapted to Chinese circumstances and specific time periods, consisting of Deng Xiaoping Theory, Three Represents (Jiang Zemin), Scientific Outlook on Development (Hu Jintao), and Xi Jinping Thought.

See History of communism and Socialism with Chinese characteristics

The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (commonly abbreviated as SFRY or SFR Yugoslavia), commonly referred to as Socialist Yugoslavia or simply Yugoslavia, was a country in Central and Southeast Europe.

See History of communism and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

The Socialist Republic of Romania (Republica Socialistă România, RSR) was a Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist state that existed officially in Romania from 1947 to 1989 (see Revolutions of 1989).

See History of communism and Socialist Republic of Romania

The Socialist Republic of Serbia (Socijalistička Republika Srbija), previously known as the People's Republic of Serbia (National Republic of Serbia), commonly abbreviated as Republic of Serbia or simply Serbia, was one of the six constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in what is now the modern day states of Serbia and the disputed territory of Kosovo.

See History of communism and Socialist Republic of Serbia

The Socialist Revolutionary Party (the SRs, СР, or Esers, label; Pártiya sotsialístov-revolyutsionérov, label), was a major political party in late Imperial Russia, during both phases of the Russian Revolution, and in early Soviet Russia.

See History of communism and Socialist Revolutionary Party

A socialist state, socialist republic, or socialist country, sometimes referred to as a workers' state or workers' republic, is a sovereign state constitutionally dedicated to the establishment of socialism.

See History of communism and Socialist state

The Socialist Unity Party of Germany (Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands,; SED) was the founding and ruling party of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) from the country's foundation in 1949 until its dissolution after the Peaceful Revolution in 1989.

See History of communism and Socialist Unity Party of Germany

Society for German–Soviet Friendship

The Society for German–Soviet Friendship (in German, Gesellschaft für Deutsch-Sowjetische Freundschaft/DSF) was an East German organization set up to encourage closer co-operation between the German Democratic Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

See History of communism and Society for German–Soviet Friendship

Society of the Friends of Truth

The Society of the Friends of Truth (Amis de la Verité), also known as the Social Club (French: Cercle social), was a French revolutionary organization founded in 1790.

See History of communism and Society of the Friends of Truth

Socrates

Socrates (– 399 BC) was a Greek philosopher from Athens who is credited as the founder of Western philosophy and as among the first moral philosophers of the ethical tradition of thought.

See History of communism and Socrates

Solidarity (Polish trade union)

Solidarity („Solidarność”), full name Independent Self-Governing Trade Union "Solidarity" (Niezależny Samorządny Związek Zawodowy „Solidarność”, abbreviated NSZZ „Solidarność”), is a Polish trade union founded in August 1980 at the Lenin Shipyard in Gdańsk, Poland.

See History of communism and Solidarity (Polish trade union)

South Africa

South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.

See History of communism and South Africa

South African Communist Party

The South African Communist Party (SACP) is a communist party in South Africa.

See History of communism and South African Communist Party

South Korea

South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia.

See History of communism and South Korea

South West Africa

South West Africa, renamed to Namibia from 12 June 1968, was a South African Province under South African administration from 1915 to 1990, after which it became modern-day Namibia.

See History of communism and South West Africa

Soviet empire

The term "Soviet empire" collectively refers to the world's territories that the Soviet Union dominated politically, economically, and militarily.

See History of communism and Soviet empire

Soviet famine of 1946–1947

The Soviet famine of 1946–1947 was a major famine in the Soviet Union that lasted from mid-1946 to the winter of 1947 to 1948.

See History of communism and Soviet famine of 1946–1947

Soviet invasion of Poland

The Soviet invasion of Poland was a military conflict by the Soviet Union without a formal declaration of war.

See History of communism and Soviet invasion of Poland

Soviet people

The Soviet people (sovetsky narod) were the citizens and nationals of the Soviet Union.

See History of communism and Soviet people

Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

See History of communism and Soviet Union

Soviet–Afghan War

The Soviet–Afghan War was a protracted armed conflict fought in the Soviet-controlled Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA) from 1979 to 1989. The war was a major conflict of the Cold War as it saw extensive fighting between Soviet Union, the DRA and allied paramilitary groups against the Afghan mujahideen and their allied foreign fighters.

See History of communism and Soviet–Afghan War

Spain

Spain, formally the Kingdom of Spain, is a country located in Southwestern Europe, with parts of its territory in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Africa.

See History of communism and Spain

Spanish Civil War

The Spanish Civil War (Guerra Civil Española) was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalists.

See History of communism and Spanish Civil War

Spartacist uprising

The Spartacist uprising (German), also known as the January uprising or, more rarely, Bloody Week, was an armed uprising that took place in Berlin from 5 to 12 January 1919.

See History of communism and Spartacist uprising

Spartacus League

The Spartacus League was a Marxist revolutionary movement organized in Germany during World War I. It was founded in August 1914 as the International Group by Rosa Luxemburg, Karl Liebknecht, Clara Zetkin, and other members of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) who were dissatisfied with the party's official policies in support of the war.

See History of communism and Spartacus League

Special Period

The Special Period (Período especial), officially the Special Period in the Time of Peace (Período especial en tiempos de paz), was an extended period of economic crisis in Cuba that began in 1991 primarily due to the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the Comecon.

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Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing.

See History of communism and Springer Science+Business Media

Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka, historically known as Ceylon, and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia.

See History of communism and Sri Lanka

Stalinism

Stalinism is the totalitarian means of governing and Marxist–Leninist policies implemented in the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1927 to 1953 by dictator Joseph Stalin. History of communism and Stalinism are communism.

See History of communism and Stalinism

States of Germany

The Federal Republic of Germany, as a federal state, consists of sixteen states.

See History of communism and States of Germany

Stoicism

Stoicism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy that flourished in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.

See History of communism and Stoicism

Sub-Saharan Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa, Subsahara, or Non-Mediterranean Africa is the area and regions of the continent of Africa that lie south of the Sahara.

See History of communism and Sub-Saharan Africa

Suez Crisis

The Suez Crisis or the Second Arab–Israeli War, also referred to as the Tripartite Aggression in the Arab world and as the Sinai War in Israel, was a British–French–Israeli invasion of Egypt in 1956.

See History of communism and Suez Crisis

Summary execution

In civil and military jurisprudence, summary execution is the putting to death of a person accused of a crime without the benefit of a free and fair trial.

See History of communism and Summary execution

Sylvain Maréchal

Sylvain Maréchal (15 August 1750 – 18 January 1803) was a French essayist, poet, philosopher and political theorist, whose views presaged utopian socialism and communism.

See History of communism and Sylvain Maréchal

Taborites

The Taborites (Táborité, singular Táborita), known by their enemies as the Picards, were a faction within the Hussite movement in the medieval Lands of the Bohemian Crown.

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Taylor & Francis

Taylor & Francis Group is an international company originating in England that publishes books and academic journals.

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Tábor

Tábor (Tabor) is a town in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic.

See History of communism and Tábor

Théodore Dézamy

Alexandre Théodore Dézamy (4 March 1808 – 24 July 1850) was a French socialist, a representative of the Neo-Babouvist tendency in early French communism, along with Albert Laponneraye, Richard Lahautière, Jacques Pillot and others.

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The American Historical Review

The American Historical Review is a quarterly academic history journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Historical Association, for which it is its official publication.

See History of communism and The American Historical Review

The Black Book of Communism

The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression is a 1997 book by Stéphane Courtois, Andrzej Paczkowski, Nicolas Werth, Jean-Louis Margolin, and several other European academics documenting a history of political repression by communist states, including genocides, extrajudicial executions, deportations, and deaths in labor camps and allegedly artificially created famines.

See History of communism and The Black Book of Communism

The City of the Sun

The City of the Sun (La città del sole; Civitas solis) is a philosophical work by the Italian Dominican philosopher Tommaso Campanella.

See History of communism and The City of the Sun

The Communist Manifesto

The Communist Manifesto (Das Kommunistische Manifest), originally the Manifesto of the Communist Party (label), is a political pamphlet written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, commissioned by the Communist League and originally published in London in 1848.

See History of communism and The Communist Manifesto

The Condition of the Working Class in England

The Condition of the Working Class in England (Die Lage der arbeitenden Klasse in England) is an 1845 book by the German philosopher Friedrich Engels, a study of the industrial working class in Victorian England.

See History of communism and The Condition of the Working Class in England

The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

See History of communism and The Guardian

The Manifesto of the Equals

The Manifesto of the Equals (French: Le Manifeste des Egaux) was a document written in 1796 and recited at a meeting of the Society of the Pantheon, a political group that sought to challenge the new repressive government of France and the Constitution of 1795.

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The Social Contract, originally published as On the Social Contract; or, Principles of Political Right (Du contrat social; ou, Principes du droit politique), is a 1762 French-language book by the Genevan philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

See History of communism and The Social Contract

Thermonuclear weapon

A thermonuclear weapon, fusion weapon or hydrogen bomb (H bomb) is a second-generation nuclear weapon design.

See History of communism and Thermonuclear weapon

Third Period

The Third Period is an ideological concept adopted by the Communist International (Comintern) at its Sixth World Congress, held in Moscow in the summer of 1928.

See History of communism and Third Period

Third World

The term "Third World" arose during the Cold War to define countries that remained non-aligned with either NATO or the Warsaw Pact.

See History of communism and Third World

Thomas More

Sir Thomas More (7 February 1478 – 6 July 1535), venerated in the Catholic Church as Saint Thomas More, was an English lawyer, judge, social philosopher, author, statesman, amateur theologian, and noted Renaissance humanist.

See History of communism and Thomas More

Tommaso Campanella

Tommaso Campanella (5 September 1568 – 21 May 1639), baptized Giovanni Domenico Campanella, was an Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, theologian, astrologer, and poet.

See History of communism and Tommaso Campanella

Transaction Publishers

Transaction Publishers was a New Jersey-based publishing house that specialized in social science books and journals.

See History of communism and Transaction Publishers

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a separate peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria), by which Russia withdrew from World War I. The treaty, which followed months of negotiations after the armistice on the Eastern Front in December 1917, was signed at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus).

See History of communism and Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu

The trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu were held on 25 December 1989 in Târgoviște, Romania.

See History of communism and Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu

Tripartite Alliance

The Tripartite Alliance is an alliance between the African National Congress (ANC), the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and the South African Communist Party (SACP).

See History of communism and Tripartite Alliance

Trotskyism

Trotskyism is the political ideology and branch of Marxism developed by Russian revolutionary and intellectual Leon Trotsky along with some other members of the Left Opposition and the Fourth International.

See History of communism and Trotskyism

Trotskyism in Vietnam

Trotskyism in Vietnam (Trăng-câu Đệ-tứ Đảng) was represented by those who, in left opposition to the Indochinese Communist Party (ICP) of Nguyen Ai Quoc (Ho Chi Minh), identified with the call by Leon Trotsky to re-found "vanguard parties of proletariat" on principles of "proletarian internationalism" and of "permanent revolution".

See History of communism and Trotskyism in Vietnam

Turin

Turin (Torino) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy.

See History of communism and Turin

Twentieth Century Communism

Twentieth Century Communism is a bi-annual peer-reviewed academic journal for "an international forum for the latest research" focusing on the "Russian revolution (1917–1991) and on the activities of communist parties themselves" but extending to antecedents, rivals (including political groups and nation states), and cultural and political influences.

See History of communism and Twentieth Century Communism

Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe.

See History of communism and Ukraine

Ultra-leftism

In Marxism, ultra-leftism encompasses a broad spectrum of revolutionary communist currents that are generally Marxist and frequently anti-Leninist in perspective.

See History of communism and Ultra-leftism

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.

See History of communism and United Kingdom

United Nations Command

United Nations Command (UNC or UN Command) is the multinational military force established to support the Republic of Korea (South Korea) during and after the Korean War.

See History of communism and United Nations Command

United States

The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.

See History of communism and United States

United States Department of Defense

The United States Department of Defense (DoD, USDOD, or DOD) is an executive branch department of the federal government of the United States charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the U.S. government directly related to national security and the United States Armed Forces.

See History of communism and United States Department of Defense

United States Department of the Army

The United States Department of the Army (DA) is one of the three military departments within the Department of Defense of the U.S. The Department of the Army is the federal government agency within which the United States Army (U.S.) is organized, and it is led by the secretary of the Army, who has statutory authority under 10 United States Code § 7013 to conduct its affairs and to prescribe regulations for its government, subject to the limits of the law, and the directions of the secretary of defense and the president.

See History of communism and United States Department of the Army

Universal access to education

Universal access to education is the ability of all people to have equal opportunity in education, regardless of their social class, race, gender, sexuality, ethnic background or physical and mental disabilities.

See History of communism and Universal access to education

Universal health care

Universal health care (also called universal health coverage, universal coverage, or universal care) is a health care system in which all residents of a particular country or region are assured access to health care.

See History of communism and Universal health care

University of California Press

The University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing.

See History of communism and University of California Press

University of Texas Press

The University of Texas Press (or UT Press) is a university press that is part of the University of Texas at Austin.

See History of communism and University of Texas Press

Upper class

Upper class in modern societies is the social class composed of people who hold the highest social status, usually are the wealthiest members of class society, and wield the greatest political power.

See History of communism and Upper class

Upper middle class

In sociology, the upper middle class is the social group constituted by higher status members of the middle class.

See History of communism and Upper middle class

Utopia (book)

Utopia (Libellus vere aureus, nec minus salutaris quam festivus, de optimo rei publicae statu deque nova insula Utopia, "A truly golden little book, not less beneficial than enjoyable, about how things should be in a state and about the new island Utopia") is a work of fiction and socio-political satire by Thomas More (1478–1535), written in Latin and published in 1516.

See History of communism and Utopia (book)

Utopian and dystopian fiction

Utopian and dystopian fiction are subgenres of science fiction that explore social and political structures.

See History of communism and Utopian and dystopian fiction

Utopian socialism is the term often used to describe the first current of modern socialism and socialist thought as exemplified by the work of Henri de Saint-Simon, Charles Fourier, Étienne Cabet, and Robert Owen. History of communism and Utopian socialism are history of socialism.

See History of communism and Utopian socialism

Venezuela

Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea.

See History of communism and Venezuela

Verkhovna Rada

The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (often as Verkhovna Rada or simply Rada, VR) is the unicameral parliament of Ukraine.

See History of communism and Verkhovna Rada

Verso Books

Verso Books (formerly New Left Books) is a left-wing publishing house based in London and New York City, founded in 1970 by the staff of New Left Review (NLR) and includes Tariq Ali and Perry Anderson on its board of directors.

See History of communism and Verso Books

Victor d'Hupay

Joseph Alexandre Victor d'Hupay (1746–1818) was a French writer and philosopher.

See History of communism and Victor d'Hupay

Vietnam

Vietnam, officially the (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's fifteenth-most populous country.

See History of communism and Vietnam

Virgil

Publius Vergilius Maro (traditional dates 15 October 70 BC21 September 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period.

See History of communism and Virgil

Vladimir Lenin

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist.

See History of communism and Vladimir Lenin

Wage labour

Wage labour (also wage labor in American English), usually referred to as paid work, paid employment, or paid labour, refers to the socioeconomic relationship between a worker and an employer in which the worker sells their labour power under a formal or informal employment contract.

See History of communism and Wage labour

Waldensians

The Waldensians, also known as Waldenses, Vallenses, Valdesi, or Vaudois, are adherents of a church tradition that began as an ascetic movement within Western Christianity before the Reformation.

See History of communism and Waldensians

War communism

War communism or military communism (Военный коммунизм, Vojenný kommunizm) was the economic and political system that existed in Soviet Russia during the Russian Civil War from 1918 to 1921.

See History of communism and War communism

Warsaw Pact

The Warsaw Pact (WP), formally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance (TFCMA), was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republics of Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955, during the Cold War.

See History of communism and Warsaw Pact

Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia

On 20–21 August 1968, the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic was jointly invaded by four Warsaw Pact countries: the Soviet Union, the Polish People's Republic, the People's Republic of Bulgaria, and the Hungarian People's Republic.

See History of communism and Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia

Wealth

Wealth is the abundance of valuable financial assets or physical possessions which can be converted into a form that can be used for transactions.

See History of communism and Wealth

Weimar Republic

The Weimar Republic, officially known as the German Reich, was a historical period of Germany from 9 November 1918 to 23 March 1933, during which it was a constitutional federal republic for the first time in history; hence it is also referred to, and unofficially proclaimed itself, as the German Republic.

See History of communism and Weimar Republic

West Berlin

West Berlin (Berlin (West) or West-Berlin) was a political enclave which comprised the western part of Berlin from 1948 until 1990, during the Cold War.

See History of communism and West Berlin

West Germany

West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from its formation on 23 May 1949 until the reunification with East Germany on 3 October 1990. The Cold War-era country is sometimes known as the Bonn Republic (Bonner Republik) after its capital city of Bonn. During the Cold War, the western portion of Germany and the associated territory of West Berlin were parts of the Western Bloc.

See History of communism and West Germany

Western Europe

Western Europe is the western region of Europe.

See History of communism and Western Europe

Western world

The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to various nations and states in the regions of Australasia, Western Europe, and Northern America; with some debate as to whether those in Eastern Europe and Latin America also constitute the West.

See History of communism and Western world

White movement

The White movement (p), also known as the Whites (Бѣлые / Белые, Beliye), was a loose confederation of anti-communist forces that fought the communist Bolsheviks, also known as the Reds, in the Russian Civil War and that to a lesser extent continued operating as militarized associations of rebels both outside and within Russian borders in Siberia until roughly World War II (1939–1945).

See History of communism and White movement

Wilhelm Liebknecht

Wilhelm Martin Philipp Christian Ludwig Liebknecht (29 March 1826 – 7 August 1900) was a German socialist and one of the principal founders of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). His political career was a pioneering project combining Marxist revolutionary theory with practical legal political activity.

See History of communism and Wilhelm Liebknecht

Wilhelm Weitling

Wilhelm Christian Weitling (October 5, 1808 – January 25, 1871) was a German tailor, inventor, radical political activist and one of the first theorists of communism.

See History of communism and Wilhelm Weitling

Willi Münzenberg

Wilhelm Münzenberg (14 August 1889 – June 1940) was a German Communist political activist and publisher.

See History of communism and Willi Münzenberg

William Taubman

William Chase Taubman (born November 13, 1941, in New York City) is an American political scientist.

See History of communism and William Taubman

Women in Russia

Women in Russia have a rich and varied history during numerous regimes throughout the centuries.

See History of communism and Women in Russia

Women's International Democratic Federation

The Women's International Democratic Federation (WIDF) is an international women's rights organization.

See History of communism and Women's International Democratic Federation

Workers' council

A workers' council, also called labor council, is a type of council in a workplace or a locality made up of workers or of temporary and instantly revocable delegates elected by the workers in a locality's workplaces.

See History of communism and Workers' council

Working class

The working class is a subset of employees who are compensated with wage or salary-based contracts, whose exact membership varies from definition to definition.

See History of communism and Working class

World communism

World communism, also known as global communism or international communism, is a form of communism placing emphasis on an international scope rather than being individual communist states. History of communism and World communism are communism.

See History of communism and World communism

World Federation of Democratic Youth

The World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDY) is an international youth organization, and has historically characterized itself as left-wing and anti-imperialist.

See History of communism and World Federation of Democratic Youth

World Federation of Trade Unions

The World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) is an international federation of trade unions established in 1945.

See History of communism and World Federation of Trade Unions

World Peace Council

The World Peace Council (WPC) is an international organization created in 1949 by the Cominform and propped up by the Soviet Union.

See History of communism and World Peace Council

World revolution

World revolution is the Marxist concept of overthrowing capitalism in all countries through the conscious revolutionary action of the organized working class.

See History of communism and World revolution

World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

See History of communism and World War I

World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

See History of communism and World War II

Xinhua News Agency

Xinhua News Agency (English pronunciation),J.

See History of communism and Xinhua News Agency

Yale University Press

Yale University Press is the university press of Yale University.

See History of communism and Yale University Press

Young Communist International

The Young Communist International was the parallel international youth organization affiliated with the Communist International (Comintern).

See History of communism and Young Communist International

Yugoslav Wars

The Yugoslav Wars were a series of separate but relatedNaimark (2003), p. xvii.

See History of communism and Yugoslav Wars

ZANU–PF

The Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF) is a political organisation which has been the ruling party of Zimbabwe since independence in 1980.

See History of communism and ZANU–PF

Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe, relief map Zimbabwe, officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the southwest, Zambia to the north, and Mozambique to the east.

See History of communism and Zimbabwe

Zionism

Zionism is an ethno-cultural nationalist movement that emerged in Europe in the late 19th century and aimed for the establishment of a Jewish state through the colonization of a land outside of Europe.

See History of communism and Zionism

Zoroastrianism

Zoroastrianism (Din-e Zartoshti), also known as Mazdayasna and Behdin, is an Iranian religion.

See History of communism and Zoroastrianism

1956 Poznań protests

The 1956 Poznań protests, also known as Poznań June (Poznański Czerwiec), were the first of several massive protests against the communist government of the Polish People's Republic.

See History of communism and 1956 Poznań protests

1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre

The Tiananmen Square protests, known in China as the June Fourth Incident, were student-led demonstrations held in Tiananmen Square, Beijing, China, lasting from 15 April to 4 June 1989.

See History of communism and 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre

1991 Soviet coup attempt

The 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, also known as the August Coup, was a failed attempt by hardliners of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) to forcibly seize control of the country from Mikhail Gorbachev, who was Soviet President and General Secretary of the CPSU at the time.

See History of communism and 1991 Soviet coup attempt

2002 Ukrainian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Ukraine on 31 March 2002.

See History of communism and 2002 Ukrainian parliamentary election

2003 Russian legislative election

Legislative elections were held in Russia on 7December 2003.

See History of communism and 2003 Russian legislative election

2008 Cypriot presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Cyprus on 17 February 2008, with a second round on 24 February.

See History of communism and 2008 Cypriot presidential election

2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election

Snap parliamentary elections were held in Ukraine on 26 October 2014 to elect members of the Verkhovna Rada.

See History of communism and 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election

26th of July Movement

The 26th of July Movement (Movimiento 26 de julio; M-26-7) was a Cuban vanguard revolutionary organization and later a political party led by Fidel Castro.

See History of communism and 26th of July Movement

2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly

The Second Constituent Assembly of Nepal, later converted to the Legislature Parliament (व्यवस्थापिका संसद), was a unicameral legislature of Nepal.

See History of communism and 2nd Nepalese Constituent Assembly

See also

History of political thought

• Autonomism
• Committed literature
• Gang of Four (Pakistan)
• History of Islamism
• History of communism
• History of far-right movements in France
• History of feminism
• History of pan-European liberalism
• History of political thought
• History of the far-right in Spain
• Liberalism
• Pre-Marxist communism
• Rationalist–constructivist debate

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_communism

Also known as African communism, Communist movement, Communist movements, History of Marxism, History of communist states, International Communist Movement, World Communist Movement.

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