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History of entropy, the Glossary

The concept of entropy developed in response to the observation that a certain amount of functional energy released from combustion reactions is always lost to dissipation or friction and is thus not transformed into useful work.^[1]

54 relations: A Mathematical Theory of Communication, École polytechnique, Bell Labs Technical Journal, Bell Telephone Company, Boltzmann constant, Caloric theory, Carnot cycle, Carnot heat engine, Claude Shannon, Combustion, Dark current (physics), Edwin Thompson Jaynes, Enthalpy, Entropy, Entropy (information theory), Entropy (statistical thermodynamics), Erwin Schrödinger, H-theorem, Heat, Heat engine, Hermann von Helmholtz, History of thermodynamics, Information theory, Irreversible process, Isaac Asimov, James Clerk Maxwell, John von Neumann, Josiah Willard Gibbs, Lazare Carnot, Longman, Ludwig Boltzmann, Max Planck, Mechanical equivalent of heat, Newcomen atmospheric engine, Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot, Oxford English Dictionary, Perpetual motion, Radiant energy, Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire, Reversible process (thermodynamics), Rudolf Clausius, Second law of thermodynamics, Statistical mechanics, Steam tricycle, Temperature, The Last Question, Thermodynamic free energy, Thermodynamic system, Thermodynamic temperature, Thomas Savery, ... Expand index (4 more) »
History of thermodynamics
Thermodynamic entropy

A Mathematical Theory of Communication

"A Mathematical Theory of Communication" is an article by mathematician Claude E. Shannon published in Bell System Technical Journal in 1948.

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École polytechnique

(also known as Polytechnique or l'X) is a grande école located in Palaiseau, France.

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Bell Labs Technical Journal

The Bell Labs Technical Journal was the in-house scientific journal for scientists of Nokia Bell Labs, published yearly by the IEEE society.

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Bell Telephone Company

The Bell Telephone Company was the initial corporate entity from which the Bell System originated to build a continental conglomerate and monopoly in telecommunication services in the United States and Canada.

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Boltzmann constant

The Boltzmann constant is the proportionality factor that relates the average relative thermal energy of particles in a gas with the thermodynamic temperature of the gas.

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Caloric theory

The caloric theory is an obsolete scientific theory that heat consists of a self-repellent fluid called caloric that flows from hotter bodies to colder bodies. History of entropy and caloric theory are history of thermodynamics.

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Carnot cycle

A Carnot cycle is an ideal thermodynamic cycle proposed by French physicist Sadi Carnot in 1824 and expanded upon by others in the 1830s and 1840s.

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Carnot heat engine

A Carnot heat engine is a theoretical heat engine that operates on the Carnot cycle.

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Claude Shannon

Claude Elwood Shannon (April 30, 1916 – February 24, 2001) was an American mathematician, electrical engineer, computer scientist and cryptographer known as the "father of information theory" and as the "father of the Information Age".

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Combustion

Combustion, or burning, is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke.

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Dark current (physics)

In physics and in electronic engineering, dark current is the relatively small electric current that flows through photosensitive devices such as a photomultiplier tube, photodiode, or charge-coupled device even when no photons enter the device; it consists of the charges generated in the detector when no outside radiation is entering the detector.

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Edwin Thompson Jaynes

Edwin Thompson Jaynes (July 5, 1922 – April 30, 1998) was the Wayman Crow Distinguished Professor of Physics at Washington University in St. Louis.

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Enthalpy

Enthalpy is the sum of a thermodynamic system's internal energy and the product of its pressure and volume.

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Entropy

Entropy is a scientific concept that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty.

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Entropy (information theory)

In information theory, the entropy of a random variable is the average level of "information", "surprise", or "uncertainty" inherent to the variable's possible outcomes.

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Entropy (statistical thermodynamics)

The concept entropy was first developed by German physicist Rudolf Clausius in the mid-nineteenth century as a thermodynamic property that predicts that certain spontaneous processes are irreversible or impossible. History of entropy and entropy (statistical thermodynamics) are thermodynamic entropy.

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Erwin Schrödinger

Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger (12 August 1887 – 4 January 1961), sometimes written as or, was a Nobel Prize–winning Austrian and naturalized Irish physicist who developed fundamental results in quantum theory.

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H-theorem

In classical statistical mechanics, the H-theorem, introduced by Ludwig Boltzmann in 1872, describes the tendency to decrease in the quantity H (defined below) in a nearly-ideal gas of molecules. History of entropy and h-theorem are thermodynamic entropy.

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Heat

In thermodynamics, heat is the thermal energy transferred between systems due to a temperature difference.

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Heat engine

A heat engine is a system that converts heat to usable energy, particularly mechanical energy, which can then be used to do mechanical work.

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Hermann von Helmholtz

Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (31 August 1821 – 8 September 1894) was a German physicist and physician who made significant contributions in several scientific fields, particularly hydrodynamic stability.

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History of thermodynamics

The history of thermodynamics is a fundamental strand in the history of physics, the history of chemistry, and the history of science in general.

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Information theory

Information theory is the mathematical study of the quantification, storage, and communication of information.

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Irreversible process

In science, a process that is not reversible is called irreversible.

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Isaac Asimov

Isaac Asimov (– April 6, 1992) was an American writer and professor of biochemistry at Boston University.

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James Clerk Maxwell

James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish physicist with broad interests who was responsible for the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, which was the first theory to describe electricity, magnetism and light as different manifestations of the same phenomenon.

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John von Neumann

John von Neumann (Neumann János Lajos; December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian and American mathematician, physicist, computer scientist, engineer and polymath.

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Josiah Willard Gibbs

Josiah Willard Gibbs (February 11, 1839 – April 28, 1903) was an American scientist who made significant theoretical contributions to physics, chemistry, and mathematics.

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Lazare Carnot

Lazare Nicolas Marguerite, Comte Carnot (13 May 1753 – 2 August 1823) was a French mathematician, physicist, military officer, politician and a leading member of the Committee of Public Safety during the French Revolution.

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Longman

Longman, also known as Pearson Longman, is a publishing company founded in London, England, in 1724 and is owned by Pearson PLC.

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Ludwig Boltzmann

Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (20 February 1844 – 5 September 1906) was an Austrian physicist and philosopher.

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Max Planck

Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (23 April 1858 – 4 October 1947) was a German theoretical physicist whose discovery of energy quanta won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918.

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Mechanical equivalent of heat

In the history of science, the mechanical equivalent of heat states that motion and heat are mutually interchangeable and that in every case, a given amount of work would generate the same amount of heat, provided the work done is totally converted to heat energy. History of entropy and mechanical equivalent of heat are history of thermodynamics.

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Newcomen atmospheric engine

The atmospheric engine was invented by Thomas Newcomen in 1712, and is often referred to as the Newcomen fire engine (see below) or simply as a Newcomen engine.

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Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot

Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1 June 1796 – 24 August 1832) was a French military engineer and physicist.

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Oxford English Dictionary

The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is the principal historical dictionary of the English language, published by Oxford University Press (OUP), a University of Oxford publishing house.

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Perpetual motion

Perpetual motion is the motion of bodies that continues forever in an unperturbed system.

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Radiant energy

In physics, and in particular as measured by radiometry, radiant energy is the energy of electromagnetic and gravitational radiation.

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Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire

Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire and on Machines Fitted to Develop that Power is a scientific treatise written by the French military engineer Sadi Carnot.

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Reversible process (thermodynamics)

In thermodynamics, a reversible process is a process, involving a system and its surroundings, whose direction can be reversed by infinitesimal changes in some properties of the surroundings, such as pressure or temperature.

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Rudolf Clausius

Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius (2 January 1822 – 24 August 1888) was a German physicist and mathematician and is considered one of the central founding fathers of the science of thermodynamics.

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Second law of thermodynamics

The second law of thermodynamics is a physical law based on universal empirical observation concerning heat and energy interconversions.

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Statistical mechanics

In physics, statistical mechanics is a mathematical framework that applies statistical methods and probability theory to large assemblies of microscopic entities.

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Steam tricycle

A steam tricycle is a steam-driven three-wheeled vehicle.

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Temperature

Temperature is a physical quantity that quantitatively expresses the attribute of hotness or coldness.

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The Last Question

"The Last Question" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov.

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Thermodynamic free energy

In thermodynamics, the thermodynamic free energy is one of the state functions of a thermodynamic system (the others being internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, etc.). The change in the free energy is the maximum amount of work that the system can perform in a process at constant temperature, and its sign indicates whether the process is thermodynamically favorable or forbidden.

See History of entropy and Thermodynamic free energy

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_entropy

, What Is Life?, Work (thermodynamics), Work output, Working fluid.

History of entropy, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

History of thermodynamics

Thermodynamic entropy

References