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History of latitude, the Glossary

Index History of latitude

The Greeks studied the results of the measurements of latitude by the explorer Pytheas who voyaged to Britain and beyond, as far as the Arctic Circle (observing the midnight sun), in 325 BC.[1]

Table of Contents

  1. 26 relations: Abraham Zacuto, Backstaff, Crown of Castile, Gnomon, History of geodesy, History of longitude, History of navigation, International Latitude Service, Isaac Newton, John Hadley, Kamal (navigation), Latitude, Mariner's astrolabe, Marinus of Tyre, Midnight sun, Ocean exploration, Octant (instrument), Polaris, Portugal, Position of the Sun, Pytheas, Sextant, Southern Hemisphere, Summer solstice, Thomas Godfrey (inventor), Winter solstice.

  2. History of navigation
  3. Ocean exploration

Abraham Zacuto

Abraham Zacuto (אַבְרָהָם בֵּן שְׁמוּאֵל זַכּוּת|translit.

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Backstaff

The backstaff is a navigational instrument that was used to measure the altitude of a celestial body, in particular the Sun or Moon.

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Crown of Castile

The Crown of Castile was a medieval polity in the Iberian Peninsula that formed in 1230 as a result of the third and definitive union of the crowns and, some decades later, the parliaments of the kingdoms of Castile and León upon the accession of the then Castilian king, Ferdinand III, to the vacant Leonese throne.

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Gnomon

A gnomon is the part of a sundial that casts a shadow.

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History of geodesy

The history of geodesy (/dʒiːˈɒdɪsi/) began during antiquity and ultimately blossomed during the Age of Enlightenment.

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History of longitude

The history of longitude describes the centuries-long effort by astronomers, cartographers and navigators to discover a means of determining the longitude of any given place on Earth. History of latitude and history of longitude are history of navigation.

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History of navigation

The history of navigation, or the history of seafaring, is the art of directing vessels upon the open sea through the establishment of its position and course by means of traditional practice, geometry, astronomy, or special instruments.

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International Latitude Service

The International Latitude Service was created by the International Geodetic Association in 1899 to study variations in latitude caused by polar motion, precession, or "wobble" of the Earth's axis.

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Isaac Newton

Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author who was described in his time as a natural philosopher.

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John Hadley

John Hadley (16 April 1682 – 14 February 1744) was an English mathematician, and laid claim to the invention of the octant, two years after Thomas Godfrey claimed the same.

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Kamal (navigation)

A kamal, often called simply khashaba (wood in Arabic), is a celestial navigation device that determines latitude.

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Latitude

In geography, latitude is a coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the surface of the Earth or another celestial body.

See History of latitude and Latitude

Mariner's astrolabe

The mariner's astrolabe, also called sea astrolabe, was an inclinometer used to determine the latitude of a ship at sea by measuring the sun's noon altitude (declination) or the meridian altitude of a star of known declination.

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Marinus of Tyre

Marinus of Tyre (Μαρῖνος ὁ Τύριος, Marînos ho Týrios; 70–130) was a Greek-speaking Roman geographer, cartographer and mathematician, who founded mathematical geography and provided the underpinnings of Claudius Ptolemy's influential Geography.

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Midnight sun

Midnight sun, also known as polar day, is a natural phenomenon that occurs in the summer months in places north of the Arctic Circle or south of the Antarctic Circle, when the Sun remains visible at the local midnight.

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Ocean exploration

Ocean exploration is a part of oceanography describing the exploration of ocean surfaces.

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Octant (instrument)

The octant, also called a reflecting quadrant, is a reflecting instrument used in navigation.

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Polaris

Polaris is a star in the northern circumpolar constellation of Ursa Minor.

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Portugal

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country located on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe, whose territory also includes the Macaronesian archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira.

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Position of the Sun

The position of the Sun in the sky is a function of both the time and the geographic location of observation on Earth's surface.

See History of latitude and Position of the Sun

Pytheas

Pytheas of Massalia (Ancient Greek: Πυθέας ὁ Μασσαλιώτης Pythéās ho Massaliōtēs; Latin: Pytheas Massiliensis; born 350 BC, 320–306 BC) was a Greek geographer, explorer and astronomer from the Greek colony of Massalia (modern-day Marseille, France).

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Sextant

A sextant is a doubly reflecting navigation instrument that measures the angular distance between two visible objects.

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Southern Hemisphere

The Southern Hemisphere is the half (hemisphere) of Earth that is south of the Equator.

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Summer solstice

The summer solstice or estival solstice occurs when one of Earth's poles has its maximum tilt toward the Sun.

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Thomas Godfrey (inventor)

Thomas Godfrey (January 10, 1704 – December 1749) was a glazier and self-taught mathematician and astronomer in the Pennsylvania Colony, who invented the octant in 1730.

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Winter solstice

The winter solstice, also called the hibernal solstice, occurs when either of Earth's poles reaches its maximum tilt away from the Sun.

See History of latitude and Winter solstice

See also

History of navigation

Ocean exploration

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_latitude

Also known as History of latitude measurements.