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History of the Jews in Austria, the Glossary

The history of the Jews in Austria probably begins with the exodus of Jews from Judea under Roman occupation.^[1]

293 relations: Adolf Eichmann, Albert II of Germany, Albert III, Duke of Austria, Alfred Adler, Alkmaar, Allies of World War II, Alsergrund, Anschluss, Anti-Catholicism, Antisemitism, Anu – Museum of the Jewish People, Archaeology, Arnold Pressburger, Arnold Schoenberg, Arthur Schnitzler, Artur Berger, Aryanization, Ashkenazi Jews, Association football, Auschwitz concentration camp, Austria, Austria-Hungary, Austria–Israel relations, Austrian Civil War, Austrian German, Austrian nationality law, Austrian Parliament, Austromarxism, Łódź, Bavaria, Beth midrash, Bible, Bill of rights, Bnei Akiva, Bohemia, Brigittenau, Bruno Kreisky, Buchenwald concentration camp, Budapest, Bukhara, Burgenland, Carinthia, Carl Djerassi, Catholic Church, Central Office for Jewish Emigration, Central Powers, Chabad, Chancellor of Austria, Cinema of Austria, Cinema of China, ... Expand index (243 more) »
Jewish Austrian history
Jews and Judaism in Austria

Adolf Eichmann

Otto Adolf Eichmann (19 March 1906 – 1 June 1962) was a German-Austrian official of the Nazi Party, an officer of the Schutzstaffel (SS), and one of the major organisers of the Holocaust.

See History of the Jews in Austria and Adolf Eichmann

Albert II of Germany

Albert the Magnanimous, elected King of the Romans as Albert II (10 August 139727 October 1439), was emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and a member of the House of Habsburg.

See History of the Jews in Austria and Albert II of Germany

Albert III of Austria (9 September 1349 – 29 August 1395), known as Albert with the Braid (Pigtail) (Albrecht mit dem Zopf), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Duke of Austria from 1365 until his death.

See History of the Jews in Austria and Albert III, Duke of Austria

Alfred Adler

Alfred Adler (7 February 1870 – 28 May 1937) was an Austrian medical doctor, psychotherapist, and founder of the school of individual psychology.

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Alkmaar

Alkmaar is a city and municipality in the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland.

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Allies of World War II

The Allies, formally referred to as the United Nations from 1942, were an international military coalition formed during World War II (1939–1945) to oppose the Axis powers.

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Alsergrund

Alsergrund (Oisagrund) is the ninth district of Vienna, Austria (9.). It is located just north of the first, central district, Innere Stadt.

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Anschluss

The Anschluss (or Anschluß), also known as the Anschluß Österreichs (Annexation of Austria), was the annexation of the Federal State of Austria into the German Reich on 13 March 1938. History of the Jews in Austria and Anschluss are Jewish Austrian history.

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Anti-Catholicism

Anti-Catholicism, also known as Catholophobia is hostility towards Catholics and opposition to the Catholic Church, its clergy, and its adherents.

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Antisemitism

Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against, Jews.

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Anu – Museum of the Jewish People

Anu – Museum of the Jewish People (stylized ANU), formerly the Nahum Goldmann Museum of the Jewish Diaspora, is located in Tel Aviv, Israel, at the center of the Tel Aviv University campus in Ramat Aviv.

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Archaeology

Archaeology or archeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.

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Arnold Pressburger

Arnold Pressburger (27 August 1885 – 17 February 1951) was an Austrian Jewish film producer who produced more than 70 films between 1913 and 1951.

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Arnold Schoenberg

Arnold Schoenberg or Schönberg (13 September 187413 July 1951) was an Austrian and American composer, music theorist, teacher and writer.

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Arthur Schnitzler

Arthur Schnitzler (15 May 1862 – 21 October 1931) was an Austrian author and dramatist.

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Artur Berger

Artur Semyonovich Berger (Arthur Berger, Артур Семёнович Бергер; 27 May 1892 – 11 January 1981) was an Austrian-Soviet film architect and set designer.

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Aryanization

Aryanization (Arisierung) was the Nazi term for the seizure of property from Jews and its transfer to non-Jews, and the forced expulsion of Jews from economic life in Nazi Germany, Axis-aligned states, and their occupied territories.

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Ashkenazi Jews

Ashkenazi Jews (translit,; Ashkenazishe Yidn), also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim, constitute a Jewish diaspora population that emerged in the Holy Roman Empire around the end of the first millennium CE. They traditionally spoke Yiddish and largely migrated towards northern and eastern Europe during the late Middle Ages due to persecution.

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Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players each, who primarily use their feet to propel a ball around a rectangular field called a pitch.

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Auschwitz concentration camp

Auschwitz concentration camp (also KL Auschwitz or KZ Auschwitz) was a complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) during World War II and the Holocaust.

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Austria

Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps.

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Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918.

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Austria–Israel relations

Bilateral foreign relations exist between Austria and Israel. History of the Jews in Austria and Austria–Israel relations are Jewish Austrian history.

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Austrian Civil War

The Austrian Civil War (Österreichischer Bürgerkrieg) of 12–15 February 1934, also known as the February Uprising (Februaraufstand) or the February Fights (Februarkämpfe), was a series of clashes in the First Austrian Republic between the forces of the authoritarian right-wing government of Engelbert Dollfuss and the Republican Protection League, the banned paramilitary arm of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria.

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Austrian German

Austrian German (Österreichisches Deutsch), Austrian Standard German (ASG), Standard Austrian German (Österreichisches Standarddeutsch), Austrian High German (Österreichisches Hochdeutsch), or simply just Austrian (Österreichisch), is the variety of Standard German written and spoken in Austria and South Tyrol.

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Austrian nationality law

Austrian nationality law details the conditions by which an individual is a national of Austria.

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Austrian Parliament

The Austrian Parliament (Österreichisches Parlament) is the bicameral federal legislature of Austria.

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Austromarxism

Austromarxism (also stylised as Austro-Marxism) was a Marxist theoretical current led by Victor Adler, Otto Bauer, Karl Renner, Max Adler and Rudolf Hilferding, members of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria in Austria-Hungary and the First Austrian Republic, and later supported by Austrian-born revolutionary and assassin of the Imperial Minister-President Count von Stürgkh, Friedrich Adler.

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Łódź

Łódź is a city in central Poland and a former industrial centre.

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Bavaria

Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria, is a state in the southeast of Germany.

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Beth midrash

A beth midrash (בית מדרש, "House of Learning";: batei midrash), also beis medrash or beit midrash, is a hall dedicated for Torah study, often translated as a "study hall".

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Bible

The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία,, 'the books') is a collection of religious texts or scriptures, some, all, or a variant of which are held to be sacred in Christianity, Judaism, Samaritanism, Islam, the Baha'i Faith, and other Abrahamic religions.

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Bill of rights

A bill of rights, sometimes called a declaration of rights or a charter of rights, is a list of the most important rights to the citizens of a country.

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Bnei Akiva

Bnei Akiva (בְּנֵי עֲקִיבָא,, "Children of Akiva") is the largest religious Zionist youth movement in the world, with over 125,000 members in 42 countries.

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Bohemia

Bohemia (Čechy; Böhmen; Čěska; Czechy) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic.

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Brigittenau

Brigittenau is the 20th district of Vienna (20.). It is located north of the central districts, north of Leopoldstadt on the same island area between the Danube and the Danube Canal.

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Bruno Kreisky

Bruno Kreisky (22 January 1911 – 29 July 1990) was an Austrian social democratic politician who served as Foreign Minister from 1959 to 1966 and as Chancellor from 1970 to 1983.

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Buchenwald concentration camp

Buchenwald (literally 'beech forest') was a Nazi concentration camp established on Ettersberg hill near Weimar, Germany, in July 1937.

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Budapest

Budapest is the capital and most populous city of Hungary.

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Bukhara

Bukhara (Uzbek; بخارا) is the seventh-largest city in Uzbekistan by population, with 280,187 residents.

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Burgenland

Burgenland (Őrvidék; Gradišće; Austro-Bavarian: Burgnland; Slovene: Gradiščanska; Hradsko) is the easternmost and least populous state of Austria.

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Carinthia

Carinthia (Kärnten; Koroška, Carinzia) is the southernmost and least densely populated Austrian state, in the Eastern Alps, and is noted for its mountains and lakes.

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Carl Djerassi

Carl Djerassi (October 29, 1923 – January 30, 2015) was an Austrian-born Bulgarian-American pharmaceutical chemist, novelist, playwright and co-founder of Djerassi Resident Artists Program with Diane Wood Middlebrook.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

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Central Office for Jewish Emigration

Central Office for Jewish Emigration (Zentralstelle für jüdische Auswanderung) was a designation of Nazi institutions in Vienna, Prague and Amsterdam.

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Central Powers

The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,Mittelmächte; Központi hatalmak; İttıfâq Devletleri, Bağlaşma Devletleri; translit were one of the two main coalitions that fought in World War I (1914–1918).

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Chabad

Chabad, also known as Lubavitch, Habad and Chabad-Lubavitch, is a branch of Orthodox Judaism, originating from Eastern Europe.

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Chancellor of Austria

The chancellor of Austria, officially the federal chancellor the Republic of Austria, is the head of government of the Republic of Austria.

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Cinema of Austria

Cinema of Austria refers to the film industry based in Austria.

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Cinema of China

The cinema of China is the filmmaking and film industry of the Chinese mainland under the People's Republic of China, one of three distinct historical threads of Chinese-language cinema together with the cinema of Hong Kong and the cinema of Taiwan.

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Commerce

Commerce is the large-scale organized system of activities, functions, procedures and institutions that directly or indirectly contribute to the smooth, unhindered distribution and transfer of goods and services on a substantial scale and at the right time, place, quantity, quality and price through various channels from the original producers to the final consumers within local, regional, national or international economies.

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Croats

The Croats (Hrvati) or Horvati (in a more archaic version) are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and other neighboring countries in Central and Southeastern Europe who share a common Croatian ancestry, culture, history and language.

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Culture of Austria

Austrian culture is characterised by historical and modern influences, including a history of interaction primarily between Celtic, Roman, Slavic and Germanic peoples.

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Czechs

The Czechs (Češi,; singular Czech, masculine: Čech, singular feminine: Češka), or the Czech people (Český lid), are a West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe, who share a common ancestry, culture, history, and the Czech language.

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Dachau concentration camp

Dachau was one of the first concentration camps built by Nazi Germany and the longest running one, opening on 22 March 1933.

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Danube

The Danube (see also other names) is the second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia.

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Deportation

Deportation is the expulsion of a person or group of people from a territory.

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Displaced persons camps in post–World War II Europe

Displaced persons camps in post–World War II Europe were established in Germany, Austria, and Italy, primarily for refugees from Eastern Europe and for the former inmates of the Nazi German concentration camps.

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Dissolution of Austria-Hungary

The dissolution of Austria-Hungary was a major geopolitical event that occurred as a result of the growth of internal social contradictions and the separation of different parts of Austria-Hungary.

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Elfriede Jelinek

Elfriede Jelinek (born 20 October 1946) is an Austrian playwright and novelist.

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Elias Canetti

Elias Canetti (Елиас Канети; 25 July 1905 – 14 August 1994) was a German-language writer, born in Ruse, Bulgaria to a Sephardic Jewish family.

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Ellen Preis

Ellen Müller-Preis, née Preis, (6 May 1912 – 18 November 2007) was German-born Austrian Olympic-champion foil fencer.

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Eric Kandel

Eric Richard Kandel (born Erich Richard Kandel, November 7, 1929) is an Austrian-born American medical doctor who specialized in psychiatry, a neuroscientist and a professor of biochemistry and biophysics at the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University.

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Erich Wolfgang Korngold

Erich Wolfgang Korngold (May 29, 1897 – November 29, 1957) was an Austrian composer and conductor, who fled Europe in the mid-1930s and later adopted US nationality.

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Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

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European Parliament

The European Parliament (EP) is one of the two legislative bodies of the European Union and one of its seven institutions.

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Fatherland Front (Austria)

The Fatherland Front (Vaterländische Front, VF) was the right-wing conservative, authoritarian, nationalist, and corporatist ruling political organisation of the Federal State of Austria.

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Federal State of Austria

The Federal State of Austria (Bundesstaat Österreich; colloquially known as the "Ständestaat") was a continuation of the First Austrian Republic between 1934 and 1938 when it was a one-party state led by the conservative, nationalist, and corporatist Fatherland Front.

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Felix Salten

Felix Salten (6 September 1869 – 8 October 1945) was an Austro-Hungarian author and literary critic in Vienna.

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Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor

Ferdinand I (10 March 1503 – 25 July 1564) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1556, King of Bohemia, Hungary, and Croatia from 1526, and Archduke of Austria from 1521 until his death in 1564.

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Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor

Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 – 15 February 1637) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, Hungary, and Croatia from 1619 until his death in 1637.

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Feuilleton

A feuilleton (a diminutive of feuillet, the leaf of a book) was originally a kind of supplement attached to the political portion of French newspapers, consisting chiefly of non-political news and gossip, literature and art criticism, a chronicle of the latest fashions, and epigrams, charades and other literary trifles.

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First Austrian Republic

The First Austrian Republic (Erste Österreichische Republik), officially the Republic of Austria, was created after the signing of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye on 10 September 1919—the settlement after the end of World War I which ended the Habsburg rump state of Republic of German-Austria—and ended with the establishment of the Austrofascist Federal State of Austria based upon a dictatorship of Engelbert Dollfuss and the Fatherland's Front in 1934.

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First Jewish–Roman War

The First Jewish–Roman War (66–74 CE), sometimes called the Great Jewish Revolt (ha-Mered Ha-Gadol), or The Jewish War, was the first of three major rebellions by the Jews against the Roman Empire fought in the province of Judaea, resulting in the destruction of Jewish towns, the displacement of its people and the appropriation of land for Roman military use, as well as the destruction of the Jewish Temple and polity.

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First World Congress of Jewish Women

The First World Congress of Jewish Women was held in Vienna, Austria, from 6 to 11 May 1923. History of the Jews in Austria and First World Congress of Jewish Women are Jewish Austrian history.

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Forced displacement

Forced displacement (also forced migration or forced relocation) is an involuntary or coerced movement of a person or people away from their home or home region.

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Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor

Francis II and I (Franz II.; 12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor as Francis II from 1792 to 1806, and the first Emperor of Austria as Francis I from 1804 to 1835.

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Franz Joseph I of Austria

Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I (Franz Joseph Karl; Ferenc József Károly; 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and the ruler of the other states of the Habsburg monarchy from 2 December 1848 until his death in 1916.

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Franz Kafka

Franz Kafka (3 July 1883 – 3 June 1924) was a German-language novelist and writer from Prague.

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Fred Zinnemann

Alfred Zinnemann (April 29, 1907 – March 14, 1997) was an Austrian-American film director and producer.

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Frederick II, Duke of Austria

Frederick II (Friedrich II.; 25 April 1211 – 15 June 1246), known as Frederick the Quarrelsome (Friedrich der Streitbare), was Duke of Austria and Styria from 1230 until his death.

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Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor

Frederick III (German: Friedrich III, 21 September 1415 – 19 August 1493) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1452 until his death in 1493.

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Freedom Party of Austria

The Freedom Party of Austria (Freiheitliche Partei Österreich, FPÖ) is a national-conservative, right-wing populist, eurosceptic, and far-right political party in Austria.

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Friedensreich Hundertwasser

Friedrich Stowasser (15 December 1928 – 19 February 2000), better known by his pseudonym Friedensreich Regentag Dunkelbunt Hundertwasser, was an Austrian visual artist and architect who also worked in the field of environmental protection.

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Fritz Grünbaum

Franz Friedrich "Fritz" Grünbaum (7 April 1880 – 14 January 1941) was an Austrian Jewish cabaret artist, operetta and popular song writer, actor, and master of ceremonies whose art collection was looted by Nazis before he was murdered in the Holocaust.

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Fritz Kreisler

Friedrich "Fritz" Kreisler (February 2, 1875 – January 29, 1962) was an Austrian-born American violinist and composer.

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Fritz Lang

Friedrich Christian Anton Lang (December 5, 1890 – August 2, 1976), better known as Fritz Lang, was an Austrian-American film director, screenwriter, and producer who worked in Germany and later the United States.

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Geertruida Wijsmuller-Meijer

Geertruida Wijsmuller-Meijer (21 April 1896, in Alkmaar – 30 August 1978, in Amsterdam) was a Dutch resistance fighter who brought Jewish children and adults into safety before and during the Second World War.

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Georg Kreisler

Georg Kreisler (18 July 1922 – 22 November 2011) was an Austrian–American Viennese-language cabarettist, satirist, composer, and author.

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Georgia (country)

Georgia is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and West Asia.

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German Army (1935–1945)

The German Army (Heer) was the land forces component of the Wehrmacht, the regular armed forces of Nazi Germany, from 1935 until it effectively ceased to exist in 1945 and then was formally dissolved in August 1946.

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German language

German (Standard High German: Deutsch) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol.

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German National People's Party

The German National People's Party (Deutschnationale Volkspartei, DNVP) was a national-conservative and monarchist political party in Germany during the Weimar Republic.

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Graz

Graz is the capital of the Austrian federal state of Styria and the second-largest city in Austria, after Vienna.

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Gustav Eckstein

Gustav Eckstein (1875–1916) was an Austrian social democrat, and associate of Karl Kautsky.

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Gustav Mahler

Gustav Mahler (7 July 1860 – 18 May 1911) was an Austro-Bohemian Romantic composer, and one of the leading conductors of his generation.

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Habsburg monarchy

The Habsburg monarchy, also known as Habsburg Empire, or Habsburg Realm, was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities that were ruled by the House of Habsburg.

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Hakoah Vienna

SC Hakoah Vienna (Sport Club Hakoah Wien; Hakoah means "the strength" in Hebrew) is a Jewish sports club in Vienna, Austria.

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Halbturn

Halbturn (Féltorony) is a town in the district of Neusiedl am See in the Austrian state of Burgenland.

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Hanns Eisler

Hanns Eisler (6 July 1898 – 6 September 1962) was a German-Austrian composer.

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Hans Haas

Hans Haas (17 October 1906 – 14 May 1973) was an Austrian Jewish weightlifter who competed in the 1928 Summer Olympics and in the 1932 Summer Olympics.

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Hans J. Salter

Hans J. Salter (January 14, 1896 in Vienna – July 23, 1994 in Studio City, Cal.) was an Austrian-American film composer.

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Haredi Judaism

Haredi Judaism (translit,; plural Haredim) is a branch of Orthodox Judaism that is characterized by its strict interpretation of religious sources and its accepted (Jewish law) and traditions, in opposition to more accommodating or modern values and practices.

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Harry Horner

Harry Horner (July 24, 1910 – December 5, 1994) was a Czech-born American art director who made a successful career in Hollywood as an Oscar-winning art director and as a feature film and television director.

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Harry Schein

Harry Leo Schein (13 October 1924 – 11 February 2006) was an Austrian-born Swedish chemical engineer, writer and a major figure in Swedish culture.

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Hashomer Hatzair

Hashomer Hatzair (הַשׁוֹמֵר הַצָעִיר,, The Young Guard) is a Labor Zionist, secular Jewish youth movement founded in 1913 in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austria-Hungary, and it was also the name of the group's political party in the Yishuv in the pre-1948 Mandatory Palestine (see Hashomer Hatzair Workers Party).

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Hebrew language

Hebrew (ʿÎbrit) is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family.

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Helen Singer Kaplan

Helen Singer Kaplan (February 6, 1929 – August 17, 1995) was an Austrian-American sex therapist and the founder of the first clinic in the United States for sexual disorders established at a medical school.

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Hermann Leopoldi

Hermann Leopoldi (born Hersch Kohn; 15 August 1888 – 28 June 1959) was an Austrian composer and cabaret star who survived Dachau and Buchenwald.

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History of the Jews in Germany

The history of the Jews in Germany goes back at least to the year 321 CE, and continued through the Early Middle Ages (5th to 10th centuries CE) and High Middle Ages (circa 1000–1299 CE) when Jewish immigrants founded the Ashkenazi Jewish community.

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History of the Jews in Hungary

The history of the Jews in Hungary dates back to at least the Kingdom of Hungary, with some records even predating the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin in 895 CE by over 600 years.

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History of the Jews in Poland

The history of the Jews in Poland dates back at least 1,000 years.

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History of the Jews in Russia

The history of the Jews in Russia and areas historically connected with it goes back at least 1,500 years.

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History of the Jews in Salzburg

The history of the Jews in Salzburg, Austria goes back several millennia.

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History of the Jews in Switzerland

The history of the Jews in Switzerland extends back at least a thousand years.

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History of the Jews in the Czech lands

The history of the Jews in the Czech lands, historically the Lands of the Bohemian Crown, including the modern Czech Republic (i.e. Bohemia, Moravia, and the southeast or Czech Silesia), goes back many centuries. There is evidence that Jews have lived in Moravia and Bohemia since as early as the 10th century.

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History of the Jews in Ukraine

The history of the Jews in Ukraine dates back over a thousand years; Jewish communities have existed in the modern territory of Ukraine from the time of the Kievan Rus' (late 9th to mid-13th century).

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History of the Jews in Vienna

The history of the Jews in Vienna, Austria, goes back over eight hundred years.

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Hitler Youth

The Hitler Youth (Hitlerjugend, often abbreviated as HJ) was the youth organisation of the Nazi Party in Germany.

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Ho Feng-Shan

Ho Feng-Shan (September 10, 1901 – September 28, 1997) was a Chinese diplomat and writer for the Republic of China.

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Host desecration

Host desecration is a form of sacrilege in Christian denominations that follow the doctrine of the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist.

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Hotel Bristol

The Hotel Bristol is the name of more than 200 hotels around the world.

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Hotel Imperial

The Hotel Imperial, also known as The Imperial, is a five-star luxury hotel in Vienna, Austria.

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House of Habsburg

The House of Habsburg (Haus Habsburg), also known as the House of Austria, was one of the most prominent and important dynasties in European history.

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Human capital flight

Human capital flight is the emigration or immigration of individuals who have received advanced training at home.

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Hungarian Revolution of 1956

The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 (23 October – 4 November 1956; 1956-os forradalom), also known as the Hungarian Uprising, was an attempted countrywide revolution against the government of the Hungarian People's Republic (1949–1989) and the policies caused by the government's subordination to the Soviet Union (USSR).

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Hungarians

Hungarians, also known as Magyars (magyarok), are a Central European nation and an ethnic group native to Hungary and historical Hungarian lands (i.e. belonging to the former Kingdom of Hungary) who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language.

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Hungary

Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

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Ignaz Brüll

Ignaz Brüll (7 November 184617 September 1907) was a Moravian-born pianist and composer who lived and worked in Vienna.

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Imperial Council (Austria)

The Imperial Council was the legislature of the Austrian Empire from 1861 until 1918.

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Innsbruck

Innsbruck (Austro-Bavarian) is the capital of Tyrol and the fifth-largest city in Austria.

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International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame

The International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame (translit) was opened July 7, 1981, in Netanya, Israel.

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Interwar period

In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period (or interbellum) lasted from 11November 1918 to 1September 1939 (20years, 9months, 21days) – from the end of World War I (WWI) to the beginning of World War II (WWII).

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Islamism

Islamism (also often called political Islam) refers to a broad set of religious and political ideological movements.

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Israel

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Southern Levant, West Asia.

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Izbica Kujawska

Izbica Kujawska is a town in central Poland with 2,808 inhabitants (2004).

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Jacob Fleck

Jacob Fleck (8 November 1881 in Vienna as Jacob Julius Fleck – 19 September 1953, also in Vienna) was an Austrian film director, screenwriter, film producer and cameraman.

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Jan Hus

Jan Hus (1370 – 6 July 1415), sometimes anglicized as John Hus or John Huss, and referred to in historical texts as Iohannes Hus or Johannes Huss, was a Czech theologian and philosopher who became a Church reformer and the inspiration of Hussitism, a key predecessor to Protestantism, and a seminal figure in the Bohemian Reformation.

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Jörg Haider

Jörg Haider (26 January 1950 – 11 October 2008) was an Austrian politician.

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Jesuits

The Society of Jesus (Societas Iesu; abbreviation: SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits (Iesuitae), is a religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome.

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Jewish day school

A Jewish day school is a modern Jewish educational institution that is designed to provide children of Jewish parents with both a Jewish and a secular education in one school on a full-time basis.

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Jewish diaspora

The Jewish diaspora (təfūṣā) or exile (Hebrew: גָּלוּת; Yiddish) is the dispersion of Israelites or Jews out of their ancient ancestral homeland (the Land of Israel) and their subsequent settlement in other parts of the globe.

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Jewish Museum Vienna

The Jüdisches Museum Wien, trading as Jüdisches Museum der Stadt Wien GmbH or the Jewish Museum Vienna, is a museum of Jewish history, life and religion in Austria.

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Jewish Telegraphic Agency

The Jewish Telegraphic Agency (JTA) is an international news agency and wire service that primarily covers Judaism- and Jewish-related topics and news.

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Jews

The Jews (יְהוּדִים) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites of the ancient Near East, and whose traditional religion is Judaism.

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Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor

Joseph II (German: Josef Benedikt Anton Michael Adam; English: Joseph Benedict Anthony Michael Adam; 13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 18 August 1765 and sole ruler of the Habsburg monarchy from 29 November 1780 until his death.

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Joseph Roth

Moses Joseph Roth (2 September 1894 – 27 May 1939) was an Austrian-Jewish journalist and novelist, best known for his family saga Radetzky March (1932), about the decline and fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, his novel of Jewish life Job (1930) and his seminal essay "Juden auf Wanderschaft" (1927; translated into English as The Wandering Jews), a fragmented account of the Jewish migrations from eastern to western Europe in the aftermath of World War I and the Russian Revolution.

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Joseph Schildkraut

Joseph Schildkraut (22 March 1896 – 21 January 1964) was an Austrian-American actor.

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Judaism

Judaism (יַהֲדוּת|translit.

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Judenplatz Holocaust Memorial

The Judenplatz Holocaust Memorial (lit) also known as the Nameless Library stands in Judenplatz in the first district of Vienna. History of the Jews in Austria and Judenplatz Holocaust Memorial are Jewish Austrian history.

See History of the Jews in Austria and Judenplatz Holocaust Memorial

Julius Deutsch

Julius Deutsch (February 2, 1884, Lackenbach, Austria-Hungary – January 17, 1968, Vienna, Austria) was a politician of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria, member of Parliament between 1920 and 1933, and co-founder and leader of the Social Democrat militia Republikanischer Schutzbund ("Republican Defense Association").

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Kabarett

Kabarett (from French cabaret.

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Karl Farkas

Karl Farkas (28 October 1893 – 16 May 1971) was an Austrian actor and cabaret performer.

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Karl Koller (ophthalmologist)

Karl Koller (December 3, 1857 – March 21, 1944) was an Austrian ophthalmologist.

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Karl Kraus (writer)

Karl Kraus (28 April 1874 – 12 June 1936) was an Austrian writer and journalist, known as a satirist, essayist, aphorist, playwright and poet.

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Karl Lueger

Karl Lueger (24 October 1844 – 10 March 1910) was an Austrian lawyer and politician who served as Mayor of Vienna from 1897 until his death in 1910. History of the Jews in Austria and Karl Lueger are Jewish Austrian history.

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Karl Nehammer

Karl Nehammer (born 18 October 1972) is an Austrian politician who is the 32nd and current chancellor of Austria since 6 December 2021.

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Karl Popper

Sir Karl Raimund Popper (28 July 1902 – 17 September 1994) was an Austrian–British philosopher, academic and social commentator.

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Kindertransport

The Kindertransport (German for "children's transport") was an organised rescue effort of children from Nazi-controlled territory that took place in 1938–1939 during the nine months prior to the outbreak of the Second World War.

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Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria

The Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, also known as Austrian Galicia or colloquially Austrian Poland, was a constituent possession of the Habsburg monarchy in the historical region of Galicia in Eastern Europe.

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Kovno Ghetto

The Kovno Ghetto was a ghetto established by Nazi Germany to hold the Lithuanian Jews of Kaunas (Kovno) during the Holocaust.

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Kristallnacht

Kristallnacht or the Night of Broken Glass, also called the November pogrom(s) (Novemberpogrome), was a pogrom against Jews carried out by the Nazi Party's nocat.

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Kurt Adler

Kurt Adler (March 1, 1907 – September 21, 1977) was an Austrian and American conductor, chorusmaster, author and pianist.

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Kurt Waldheim

Kurt Josef Waldheim (21 December 1918 – 14 June 2007) was an Austrian politician and diplomat.

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Lands of the Bohemian Crown (1348–1526)

King John's eldest son Charles IV was elected King of the Romans in 1346 and succeeded his father as King of Bohemia in the same year.

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Law of Return

The Law of Return (חוק השבות, ḥok ha-shvūt) is an Israeli law, passed on 5 July 1950, which gives Jews, people with one or more Jewish grandparent, and their spouses the right to relocate to Israel and acquire Israeli citizenship.

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Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor

Leopold I (Leopold Ignaz Joseph Balthasar Franz Felician; I.; 9 June 1640 – 5 May 1705) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, Croatia, and Bohemia.

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Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor

Leopold II (Peter Leopold Josef Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard; 5 May 1747 – 1 March 1792) was the 44th Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia, and Archduke of Austria from 1790 to 1792, and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1765 to 1790.

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Leopold III, Duke of Austria

Leopold III (1 November 1351 – 9 July 1386), known as the Just, a member of the House of Habsburg, was Duke of Austria from 1365.

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Leopoldstadt

Leopoldstadt (Leopoidstod; "Leopold-Town") is the 2nd municipal district of Vienna (2.) in Austria. History of the Jews in Austria and Leopoldstadt are Jewish Austrian history.

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LGBT

is an initialism that stands for "lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender".

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Linz

Linz (Linec) is the capital of Upper Austria and third-largest city in Austria.

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List of Austrian Jews

Austria first became a center of Jewish learning during the 13th century. History of the Jews in Austria and List of Austrian Jews are Jews and Judaism in Austria.

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List of governors of Carinthia

This is a list of governors of the Austrian state of Carinthia.

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Lithuania

Lithuania (Lietuva), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe.

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Loan

In finance, a loan is the transfer of money by one party to another with an agreement to pay it back.

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Logotherapy

Logotherapy was developed by neurologist and psychiatrist Viktor Frankl and is based on the premise that the primary motivational force of an individual is to find a meaning in life.

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Los Angeles

Los Angeles, often referred to by its initials L.A., is the most populous city in the U.S. state of California.

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Lower Austria

Lower Austria (Niederösterreich abbreviation LA or NÖ; Austro-Bavarian: Niedaöstareich, Niedaestareich, Dolné Rakúsko, Dolní Rakousy) is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country.

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Lublin

Lublin is the ninth-largest city in Poland and the second-largest city of historical Lesser Poland.

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Ludwig von Mises

Ludwig Heinrich Edler von Mises (29 September 1881 – 10 October 1973) was an Austrian–American Austrian School economist, historian, logician, and sociologist.

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Ludwig Wittgenstein

Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (26 April 1889 – 29 April 1951) was an Austrian philosopher who worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language.

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Luise Fleck

Luise Fleck, also known as Luise Kolm or Luise Kolm-Fleck, née Louise or Luise Veltée (1 August 1873–15 March 1950), was an Austrian film director, and has been considered the second ever female feature film director in the world, after Alice Guy-Blaché.

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Magyarization

Magyarization (also Hungarianization; magyarosítás), after "Magyar"—the Hungarian autonym—was an assimilation or acculturation process by which non-Hungarian nationals living in the Kingdom of Hungary, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, adopted the Hungarian national identity and language in the period between the Compromise of 1867 and Austria-Hungary's dissolution in 1918.

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Mandatory Palestine

Mandatory Palestine was a geopolitical entity that existed between 1920 and 1948 in the region of Palestine under the terms of the League of Nations Mandate for Palestine.

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Maria Theresa

Maria Theresa (Maria Theresia Walburga Amalia Christina; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was ruler of the Habsburg dominions from 1740 until her death in 1780, and the only woman to hold the position suo jure (in her own right).

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Martin Buber

Martin Buber (מרטין בובר; Martin Buber,; מארטין בובער; February 8, 1878 – June 13, 1965) was an Austrian-Jewish and Israeli philosopher best known for his philosophy of dialogue, a form of existentialism centered on the distinction between the I–Thou relationship and the I–It relationship.

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Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor

Matthias (24 February 1557 – 20 March 1619) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1612 to 1619, Archduke of Austria from 1608 to 1619, King of Hungary and Croatia from 1608 to 1618 and King of Bohemia from 1611 to 1617.

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Mauthausen concentration camp

Mauthausen was a Nazi concentration camp on a hill above the market town of Mauthausen (roughly east of Linz), Upper Austria.

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Max Reinhardt

Max Reinhardt (born Maximilian Goldmann; 9 September 1873 – 30 October 1943) was an Austrian-born theatre and film director, intendant, and theatrical producer.

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Max Steiner

Maximilian Raoul Steiner (10 May 1888 – 28 December 1971) was an Austrian composer and conductor who emigrated to America and became one of Hollywood's greatest musical composers.

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Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor

Maximilian I (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519) was King of the Romans from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death in 1519.

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Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor

Maximilian II (31 July 1527 – 12 October 1576) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1564 until his death in 1576.

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Melanie Klein

Melanie Klein (née Reizes; 30 March 1882 – 22 September 1960) was an Austrian-British author and psychoanalyst known for her work in child analysis.

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Michael Hainisch

Michael Arthur Josef Jakob Hainisch (15 August 1858 – 26 February 1940) was an Austrian politician who served as the first President of Austria from 1920 to 1928, after the fall of the monarchy at the end of World War I.

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Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.

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Minister of Foreign Affairs (Austria)

This article lists the ministers of foreign affairs of Austria, from 30 October 1918 up to today.

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Minsk Ghetto

The Minsk Ghetto was created soon after the German invasion of the Soviet Union.

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Mizrahi Jews

Mizrahi Jews (יהודי המִזְרָח), also known as Mizrahim (מִזְרָחִים) or Mizrachi (מִזְרָחִי) and alternatively referred to as Oriental Jews or Edot HaMizrach (עֲדוֹת־הַמִּזְרָח), are terms used in Israeli discourse to refer to a grouping of Jewish communities that lived in the Muslim world.

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Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.

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Nazi Party

The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP), was a far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported the ideology of Nazism.

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Neo-Nazism

Neo-Nazism comprises the post-World War II militant, social, and political movements that seek to revive and reinstate Nazi ideology.

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Netherlands

The Netherlands, informally Holland, is a country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean.

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Neue Freie Presse

Neue Freie Presse ("New Free Press") was a Viennese newspaper founded by Adolf Werthner together with the journalists Max Friedländer and Michael Etienne on 1 September 1864 after the staff had split from the newspaper Die Presse.

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Nisko

Nisko is a town in Nisko County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland on the San River, with a population of 15,048 inhabitants as of 31 December 2021.

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Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prizes (Nobelpriset; Nobelprisen) are five separate prizes awarded to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind, as established by the 1895 will of Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist Alfred Nobel, in the year before he died.

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Norman Bentwich

Norman de Mattos Bentwich (28 February 1883 – 8 April 1971) was a British barrister and legal academic.

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Nuremberg Laws

The Nuremberg Laws (Nürnberger Gesetze) were antisemitic and racist laws that were enacted in Nazi Germany on 15 September 1935, at a special meeting of the Reichstag convened during the annual Nuremberg Rally of the Nazi Party.

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Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)

The occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union during World War II (1939–1945) began with the Invasion of Poland in September 1939, and it was formally concluded with the defeat of Germany by the Allies in May 1945.

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Orthodox Judaism

Orthodox Judaism is the collective term for the traditionalist branches of contemporary Judaism.

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Oskar Strnad

Oskar Strnad (26 October 1879 – 3 September 1935) was an Austrian architect, sculptor, designer and set designer for films and theatres.

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Otto Bauer

Otto Bauer (5 September 1881 – 4 July 1938) was one of the founders and leading thinkers of the left-socialist Austromarxists who sought a middle ground between social democracy and revolutionary socialism.

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Otto Neurath

Otto Karl Wilhelm Neurath (10 December 1882 – 22 December 1945) was an Austrian-born philosopher of science, sociologist, and political economist.

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Otto Preminger

Otto Ludwig Preminger (5 December 1905 – 23 April 1986) was an Austrian-American theatre and film director, film producer, and actor.

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Otto Weininger

Otto Weininger (3 April 1880 – 4 October 1903) was an Austrian philosopher who lived in the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

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Palestine (region)

The region of Palestine, also known as Historic Palestine, is a geographical area in West Asia.

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Paul Lendvai

Paul Lendvai (born Lendvai Pál on August 24, 1929) is a Hungarian-born Austrian journalist.

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Paul Muni

Paul Muni (born Frederich Meshilem Meier Weisenfreund; September 22, 1895 – August 25, 1967) was an American stage and film actor from Chicago.

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Paul Neumann (swimmer)

Paul Neumann (13 June 1875 in Vienna – 9 February 1932) was an Austrian swimmer and physician, who competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens and became the first ever Austrian gold medalist.

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Persona non grata

In diplomacy, a persona non grata (PNG) (Latin: "person not welcome", plural: personae non gratae) is a foreign diplomat who is asked by the host country to be recalled to their home country.

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Peter Altenberg

Peter Altenberg (9 March 1859 – 8 January 1919) was a writer and poet from Vienna, Austria.

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Peter Lorre

Peter Lorre (born László Löwenstein,; June 26, 1904 – March 23, 1964) was a Hungarian and American actor, active first in Europe and later in the United States.

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Peter Sichrovsky

Peter Sichrovsky (born 5 September 1947) is an Austrian journalist, writer, former politician and Member of the European Parliament.

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Pogrom

A pogrom is a violent riot incited with the aim of massacring or expelling an ethnic or religious group, particularly Jews.

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Poland

Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe.

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Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

Poland–Lithuania, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and also referred to as the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth or the First Polish Republic, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch in real union, who was both King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania.

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Prisoner

A prisoner (also known as an inmate or detainee) is a person who is deprived of liberty against their will.

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Psychoanalysis

PsychoanalysisFrom Greek: +. is a set of theories and therapeutic techniques"What is psychoanalysis? Of course, one is supposed to answer that it is many things — a theory, a research method, a therapy, a body of knowledge.

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Racial profiling

Racial profiling or ethnic profiling is the act of suspecting, targeting or discriminating against a person on the basis of their ethnicity, religion, or nationality, rather than on individual suspicion or available evidence.

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Racism

Racism is discrimination and prejudice against people based on their race or ethnicity.

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Reform Judaism

Reform Judaism, also known as Liberal Judaism or Progressive Judaism, is a major Jewish denomination that emphasizes the evolving nature of Judaism, the superiority of its ethical aspects to its ceremonial ones, and belief in a continuous revelation which is closely intertwined with human reason and not limited to the Theophany at Mount Sinai.

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Reggie Nalder

Reggie Nalder (born Alfred Natzler; 4 September 1907 – 19 November 1991) was a prolific Austrian film and television character actor from the late 1940s to the early 1990s.

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Republic of China (1912–1949)

The Republic of China (ROC), or simply China, as a sovereign state was based on mainland China from 1912 to 1949, when the government retreated to Taiwan, where it continues to be based.

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Revenue service

A revenue service, revenue agency or taxation authority is a government agency responsible for the intake of government revenue, including taxes and sometimes non-tax revenue.

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Revolutions of 1989

The Revolutions of 1989, also known as the Fall of Communism, were a revolutionary wave of liberal democracy movements that resulted in the collapse of most Marxist–Leninist governments in the Eastern Bloc and other parts of the world.

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Rhineland

The Rhineland (Rheinland; Rhénanie; Rijnland; Rhingland; Latinised name: Rhenania) is a loosely defined area of Western Germany along the Rhine, chiefly its middle section.

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Richard Oswald

Richard Oswald (5 November 1880 – 11 September 1963) was an Austrian film director, producer, screenwriter, and father of German-American film director Gerd Oswald.

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Riga Ghetto

Riga Ghetto was a small area in Maskavas Forštate, a neighbourhood of Riga, Latvia, where Nazis forced Jews from Latvia, and later from the German "Reich" (Germany, Austria, Bohemia, and Moravia), to live during World War II.

See History of the Jews in Austria and Riga Ghetto

Righteous Among the Nations

Righteous Among the Nations (חֲסִידֵי אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם) is a title used by Yad Vashem to describe people who, for various reasons, made an effort to assist victims, including Jews, who were being exterminated by Nazi Germany during the Holocaust.

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Robert Fein

Robert Fein (9 December 1907 – 2 January 1975) was an Austrian Olympic Champion weightlifter, winning the gold medal in the lightweight class at the 1936 Summer Olympics.

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Roman legion

The Roman legion (legiō), the largest military unit of the Roman army, was composed of Roman citizens serving as legionaries.

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Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor

Rudolf II (18 July 1552 – 20 January 1612) was Holy Roman Emperor (1576–1612), King of Hungary and Croatia (as Rudolf I, 1572–1608), King of Bohemia (1575–1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria (1576–1608).

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire was a vast empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until its dissolution in March 1917.

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Sabbatai Zevi

Sabbatai Zevi (Sabetay Sevi; August 1, 1626 –) was an Ottoman Jewish mystic, and ordained rabbi from Smyrna (now İzmir, Turkey).

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Sabbateans

The Sabbateans (or Sabbatians) were a variety of Jewish followers, disciples, and believers in Sabbatai Zevi (1626–1676), an Ottoman Jewish rabbi and Kabbalist who was proclaimed to be the Jewish Messiah in 1666 by Nathan of Gaza.

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Sacramental bread

Sacramental bread, also called Communion bread, Communion wafer, Sacred host, Eucharistic bread, the Lamb or simply the host (lit), is the bread used in the Christian ritual of the Eucharist.

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Salzburg

Salzburg is the fourth-largest city in Austria.

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Samson Wertheimer

Samson Wertheimer (17 January 1658 – 6 August 1724) was chief rabbi of Hungary and Moravia, and rabbi of Eisenstadt.

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Samuel Schallinger

Samuel Schallinger (died 1942) was an Austrian Jewish businessman. History of the Jews in Austria and Samuel Schallinger are Jewish Austrian history.

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Scapegoating

Scapegoating is the practice of singling out a person or group for unmerited blame and consequent negative treatment.

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Sephardic Jews

Sephardic Jews (Djudíos Sefardíes), also known as Sephardi Jews or Sephardim, and rarely as Iberian Peninsular Jews, are a Jewish diaspora population associated with the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal).

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Serfaus

Serfaus is a municipality in the district of Landeck in the Austrian state of Tyrol.

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Shanghai

Shanghai is a direct-administered municipality and the most populous urban area in China.

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Shema

Shema Yisrael (Shema Israel or Sh'ma Yisrael; שְׁמַע יִשְׂרָאֵל Šəmaʿ Yīsrāʾēl, "Hear, O Israel") is a Jewish prayer (known as the Shema) that serves as a centerpiece of the morning and evening Jewish prayer services.

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Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud (born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies seen as originating from conflicts in the psyche, through dialogue between patient and psychoanalyst, and the distinctive theory of mind and human agency derived from it.

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Silesia

Silesia (see names below) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within modern Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany.

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Simon Deutsch

Simon Deutsch (– 24 March 1877) was an Austrian Jewish bibliographer, businessman, and revolutionary.

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Simon Wiesenthal

Simon Wiesenthal (31 December 190820 September 2005) was a Jewish Austrian Holocaust survivor, Nazi hunter, and writer.

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Sobibor extermination camp

Sobibor (Sobibór) was an extermination camp built and operated by Nazi Germany as part of Operation Reinhard.

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The Social Democratic Party of Austria (Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, SPÖ) is a social democratic political party in Austria.

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Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

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Stab-in-the-back myth

The stab-in-the-back myth was an antisemitic conspiracy theory that was widely believed and promulgated in Germany after 1918.

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Stefan Zweig

Stefan Zweig (28 November 1881 – 22 February 1942) was an Austrian writer.

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Stephan Templ

Stephan Templ (born 1960) is an Austrian writer and journalist who is best known as the co-author of the book Unser Wien (Our Vienna), which details how hundreds of Jewish businesses and other properties in Vienna were seized by the Nazis and never given back.

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Sturmabteilung

The Sturmabteilung (SA; literally "Storm Division" or Storm Troopers) was the original paramilitary wing of the Nazi Party.

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Styria

Styria (Steiermark; Steiamårk, Štajerska, Stájerország) is an Austrian state in the southeast of the country, famed for its idyllic landscapes, as well as rich folk- and high culture.

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Swimming (sport)

Swimming is an individual or team racing sport that requires the use of one's entire body to move through water.

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Syria

Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant.

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The Holocaust

The Holocaust was the genocide of European Jews during World War II.

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The Jewish Chronicle

The Jewish Chronicle (The JC) is a London-based Jewish weekly newspaper.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

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Theodor Herzl

Theodor Herzl (2 May 1860 – 3 July 1904) was an Austro-Hungarian Jewish journalist, lawyer, writer, playwright and political activist who was the father of modern political Zionism.

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Theresienstadt Ghetto

Theresienstadt Ghetto was established by the SS during World War II in the fortress town of Terezín, in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (German-occupied Czechoslovakia). History of the Jews in Austria and Theresienstadt Ghetto are Jewish Austrian history.

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Track and field

Athletics (or track and field in the United States) is a sport that includes athletic contests based on running, jumping, and throwing skills.

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Travel visa

A visa (lat. 'something seen', pl. visas) is a conditional authorization granted by a polity to a foreigner that allows them to enter, remain within, or leave its territory.

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United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) is the United States' official memorial to the Holocaust.

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University of Vienna

The University of Vienna (Universität Wien) is a public research university located in Vienna, Austria.

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Unser Wien (Our Vienna)

Unser Wien (Our Vienna) is a book co-authored by Stephan Templ and Tina Walzer that details how hundreds of Jewish businesses in Vienna were seized by the Nazis and never given back.

See History of the Jews in Austria and Unser Wien (Our Vienna)

Upper Austria

Upper Austria (Oberösterreich; Obaöstareich, Horní Rakousy) is one of the nine states or Länder of Austria.

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Vicki Baum

Hedwig "Vicki" Baum (ויקי באום; January 24, 1888 – August 29, 1960) was an Austrian writer.

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Victor Adler

Victor Adler (24 June 1852 – 11 November 1918) was an Austrian politician, a leader of the labour movement and founder of the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP).

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Vienna

Vienna (Wien; Austro-Bavarian) is the capital, most populous city, and one of nine federal states of Austria.

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Viktor Frankl

Viktor Emil Frankl (26 March 1905 – 2 September 1997) was an Austrian neurologist, psychologist, philosopher, and Holocaust survivor, who founded logotherapy, a school of psychotherapy that describes a search for a life's meaning as the central human motivational force.

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Vilna Ghetto

The Vilna Ghetto was a World War II Jewish ghetto established and operated by Nazi Germany in the city of Vilnius in the modern country of Lithuania, at the time part of the Nazi-administered italic.

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Wilhelm Stekel

Wilhelm Stekel (18 March 1868 – 25 June 1940) was an Austrian physician and psychologist, who became one of Sigmund Freud's earliest followers, and was once described as "Freud's most distinguished pupil".

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Winterhilfswerk

The Winterhilfswerk des Deutschen Volkes (Winter Relief of the German People), commonly known by its abbreviated form Winterhilfswerk (WHW), was an annual donation drive by the National Socialist People's Welfare (Nationalsozialistische Volkswohlfahrt) to help finance charitable work.

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World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

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World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

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Yad Vashem

Yad Vashem (יָד וַשֵׁם) is Israel's official memorial to the victims of the Holocaust.

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Yiddish

Yiddish (ייִדיש, יידיש or אידיש, yidish or idish,,; ייִדיש-טײַטש, historically also Yidish-Taytsh) is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews.

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Zionism

Zionism is an ethno-cultural nationalist movement that emerged in Europe in the late 19th century and aimed for the establishment of a Jewish state through the colonization of a land outside of Europe.

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1782 Edict of Tolerance

The 1782 Edict of Tolerance (Toleranzedikt vom 1782) was a religious reform of Emperor Joseph II during the time he was emperor of the Habsburg monarchy as part of his policy of Josephinism, a series of drastic reforms to remodel Austria in the form of the ideal Enlightened state. History of the Jews in Austria and 1782 Edict of Tolerance are Jewish Austrian history.

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3rd century

The 3rd century was the period from AD 201 (represented by the Roman numerals CCI) to AD 300 (CCC) in accordance with the Julian calendar.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Austria

Also known as Austrian Jew, Austrian Jewish, Austrian Jews, Austrian-Jewish, Bundesverband der Israelitischen Kultusgemeinden Österreichs, History of Jews in Austria, Jewish Austrian, Jewish Austrians, Jewish history of Austria, Jewish-Austrian, Jews in Austria, Jews of Austria, Judaism in Austria.

History of the Jews in Austria, the Glossary

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