History of unfree labor in the United States, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 121 relations: Abolitionism in the United States, Abraham Lincoln, African Americans, American Civil War, American Revolution, Americas, Anti-miscegenation laws, Arapaho, Atlantic slave trade, Bleeding, British Empire, Brothel, Brown v. Board of Education, California gold rush, Canton, Oklahoma, Cartel, Cheyenne, Chinatown, Manhattan, Code Noir, Comanche, Confederate States of America, Confiscation Acts, Convict leasing, Cotton gin, Courtship, Cuba, Debt bondage, Deep South, Delaware, Detention (imprisonment), E. Franklin Frazier, Emancipation Proclamation, Emergency Quota Act, Ethnic groups in Europe, Felony, First Amendment to the United States Constitution, Forced labour, Francis Biddle, Free people of color, Freedman, French colonial empire, Georgia (U.S. state), Guangzhou, Haida people, Harriet Burton Laidlaw, Harvard University, History of labor law in the United States, Hull House, Human trafficking, Human trafficking in the United States, ... Expand index (71 more) »

2. Unfree labor in the United States

Abolitionism in the United States

In the United States, abolitionism, the movement that sought to end slavery in the country, was active from the colonial era until the American Civil War, the end of which brought about the abolition of American slavery, except as punishment for a crime, through the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (ratified 1865).

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Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician, and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865.

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African Americans

African Americans, also known as Black Americans or Afro-Americans, are an ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from any of the Black racial groups of Africa.

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American Civil War

The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), which was formed in 1861 by states that had seceded from the Union.

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American Revolution

The American Revolution was a rebellion and political movement in the Thirteen Colonies which peaked when colonists initiated an ultimately successful war for independence against the Kingdom of Great Britain.

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Americas

The Americas, sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North America and South America.

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Anti-miscegenation laws

Anti-miscegenation laws are laws that enforce racial segregation at the level of marriage and intimate relationships by criminalizing interracial marriage and sometimes, they also criminalize sex between members of different races.

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Arapaho

The Arapaho (Arapahos, Gens de Vache) are a Native American people historically living on the plains of Colorado and Wyoming.

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Atlantic slave trade

The Atlantic slave trade or transatlantic slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people to the Americas.

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Bleeding

Bleeding, hemorrhage, haemorrhage or blood loss is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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Brothel

A brothel, bordello, bawdy house, ranch, house of ill repute, house of ill fame, or whorehouse is a place where people engage in sexual activity with prostitutes.

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Brown v. Board of Education

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality.

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California gold rush

The California gold rush (1848–1855) was a gold rush that began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California.

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Canton, Oklahoma

Canton is a town in Blaine County, Oklahoma, United States.

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Cartel

A cartel is a group of independent market participants who collude with each other as well as agreeing not to compete with each other in order to improve their profits and dominate the market.

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Cheyenne

The Cheyenne are an Indigenous people of the Great Plains.

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Chinatown, Manhattan

Manhattan's Chinatown is a neighborhood in Lower Manhattan, New York City, bordering the Lower East Side to its east, Little Italy to its north, Civic Center to its south, and Tribeca to its west.

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Code Noir

The Code noir (Black code) was a decree passed by King Louis XIV of France in 1685 defining the conditions of slavery in the French colonial empire and served as the code for slavery conduct in the French colonies up until 1789 the year marking the beginning of the French Revolution.

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Comanche

The Comanche or Nʉmʉnʉʉ (Nʉmʉnʉʉ, "the people") is a Native American tribe from the Southern Plains of the present-day United States.

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Confederate States of America

The Confederate States of America (CSA), commonly referred to as the Confederate States (C.S.), the Confederacy, or the South, was an unrecognized breakaway republic in the Southern United States that existed from February 8, 1861, to May 9, 1865.

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Confiscation Acts

The Confiscation Acts were laws passed by the United States Congress during the Civil War with the intention of freeing the slaves still held by the Confederate forces in the South.

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Convict leasing

Convict leasing was a system of forced penal labor that was practiced historically in the Southern United States, the laborers being mainly African-American men; it was ended during the 20th century. History of unfree labor in the United States and Convict leasing are labor history of the United States.

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Cotton gin

A cotton gin—meaning "cotton engine"—is a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, enabling much greater productivity than manual cotton separation.

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Courtship

Courtship is the period wherein some couples get to know each other prior to a possible marriage or committed romantic, de facto relationship.

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Cuba

Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba, Isla de la Juventud, archipelagos, 4,195 islands and cays surrounding the main island.

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Debt bondage

Debt bondage, also known as debt slavery, bonded labour, or peonage, is the pledge of a person's services as security for the repayment for a debt or other obligation.

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Deep South

The Deep South or the Lower South is a cultural and geographic subregion of the Southern United States.

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Delaware

Delaware is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern region of the United States.

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Detention (imprisonment)

Detention is the process whereby a state or private citizen lawfully holds a person by removing their freedom or liberty at that time.

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E. Franklin Frazier

Edward Franklin Frazier (September 24, 1894 – May 17, 1962), was an American sociologist and author, publishing as E. Franklin Frazier.

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Emancipation Proclamation

The Emancipation Proclamation, officially Proclamation 95, was a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, during the American Civil War.

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Emergency Quota Act

The Emergency Quota Act, also known as the Emergency Immigration Act of 1921, the Immigration Restriction Act of 1921, the Per Centum Law, and the Johnson Quota Act (ch. 8, of May 19, 1921), was formulated mainly in response to the large influx of Southern and Eastern Europeans and restricted their immigration to the United States.

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Ethnic groups in Europe

Europeans are the focus of European ethnology, the field of anthropology related to the various ethnic groups that reside in the states of Europe.

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Felony

A felony is traditionally considered a crime of high seriousness, whereas a misdemeanor is regarded as less serious.

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First Amendment to the United States Constitution

The First Amendment (Amendment I) to the United States Constitution prevents the government from making laws respecting an establishment of religion; prohibiting the free exercise of religion; or abridging the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press, the freedom of assembly, or the right to petition the government for redress of grievances.

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Forced labour

Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, or violence, including death or other forms of extreme hardship to either themselves or members of their families.

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Francis Biddle

Francis Beverley Biddle (May 9, 1886 – October 4, 1968) was an American lawyer and judge who was the United States Attorney General during World War II.

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Free people of color

In the context of the history of slavery in the Americas, free people of color (French: gens de couleur libres; Spanish: gente de color libre) were primarily people of mixed African, European, and Native American descent who were not enslaved.

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Freedman

A freedman or freedwoman is a person who has been released from slavery, usually by legal means.

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French colonial empire

The French colonial empire comprised the overseas colonies, protectorates, and mandate territories that came under French rule from the 16th century onward.

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Georgia (U.S. state)

Georgia, officially the State of Georgia, is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States.

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Guangzhou

Guangzhou, previously romanized as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of Guangdong province in southern China.

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Haida people

The Haida (X̱aayda, X̱aadas, X̱aad, X̱aat) are an Indigenous group who have traditionally occupied italic, an archipelago just off the coast of British Columbia, Canada, for at least 12,500 years.

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Harriet Burton Laidlaw

Harriet Wright Laidlaw (Burton; December 16, 1873 – January 25, 1949) was an American social reformer and suffragist.

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Harvard University

Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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History of labor law in the United States

History of labor law in the United States refers to the development of United States labor law, or legal relations between workers, their employers and trade unions in the United States of America. History of unfree labor in the United States and History of labor law in the United States are history of labor relations in the United States.

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Hull House

Hull House was a settlement house in Chicago, Illinois, that was co-founded in 1889 by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr.

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Human trafficking

Human trafficking is the trade of humans for the purpose of forced labour, sexual slavery, or commercial sexual exploitation.

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Human trafficking in the United States

In the United States, human trafficking tends to occur around international travel hubs with large immigrant populations, notably in California, Texas, and Georgia.

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Immigration Act of 1924

The Immigration Act of 1924, or Johnson–Reed Act, including the Asian Exclusion Act and National Origins Act, was a federal law that prevented immigration from Asia and set quotas on the number of immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe.

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Indian Territory

Indian Territory and the Indian Territories are terms that generally described an evolving land area set aside by the United States government for the relocation of Native Americans who held original Indian title to their land as an independent nation-state.

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Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast

The Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast are composed of many nations and tribal affiliations, each with distinctive cultural and political identities.

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Interracial marriage

Interracial marriage is a marriage involving spouses who belong to different races or racialized ethnicities.

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Jim Crow laws

The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws introduced in the Southern United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that enforced racial segregation, "Jim Crow" being a pejorative term for an African American.

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Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.

Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co., 392 U.S. 409 (1968), is a landmark United States Supreme Court case which held that Congress could regulate the sale of private property to prevent racial discrimination: " bars all racial discrimination, private as well as public, in the sale or rental of property, and that the statute, thus construed, is a valid exercise of the power of Congress to enforce the Thirteenth Amendment." The Civil Rights Act of 1866 (passed by Congress over the veto of Andrew Johnson) provided the basis for this decision as embodied by.

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Kidnapping

In criminal law, kidnapping is the unlawful abduction and confinement of a person against their will.

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King Cotton

"King Cotton" is a slogan that summarized the strategy used before the American Civil War (of 1861–1865) by secessionists in the southern states (the future Confederate States of America) to claim the feasibility of secession and to prove there was no need to fear a war with the northern states.

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King's Daughters

The King's Daughters (filles du roi, or label in the spelling of the era) is a term used to refer to the approximately 800 young French women who immigrated to New France between 1663 and 1673 as part of a program sponsored by King Louis XIV.

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Klamath people

The Klamath people are a Native American tribe of the Plateau culture area in Southern Oregon and Northern California.

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Labor history

Labor history is a sub-discipline of social history which specializes on the history of the working classes and the labor movement.

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Labor history of the United States

The nature and power of organized labor in the United States is the outcome of historical tensions among counter-acting forces involving workplace rights, wages, working hours, political expression, labor laws, and other working conditions. History of unfree labor in the United States and labor history of the United States are history of labor relations in the United States and social history of the United States.

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Labor rights

Labor rights or workers' rights are both legal rights and human rights relating to labor relations between workers and employers.

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Lyndon B. Johnson

Lyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969.

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Mann Act

The Mann Act, previously called the White-Slave Traffic Act of 1910, is a United States federal law, passed June 25, 1910 (ch. 395,; codified as amended at). It is named after Congressman James Robert Mann of Illinois.

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Maryland

Maryland is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.

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Mason–Dixon line

The Mason–Dixon line is a demarcation line separating four U.S. states, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware and West Virginia.

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Matrilineality

Matrilineality is the tracing of kinship through the female line.

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Mexico

Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America.

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Modern era

The modern era or the modern period is considered the current historical period of human history.

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Moral panic

A moral panic is a widespread feeling of fear that some evil person or thing threatens the values, interests, or well-being of a community or society.

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Muscogee

The Muscogee, also known as the Mvskoke, Muscogee Creek or just Creek, and the Muscogee Creek Confederacy (in the Muscogee language; English), are a group of related Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands Sequoyah Research Center and the American Native Press Archives in the United States.

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New Mexico Territory

The Territory of New Mexico was an organized incorporated territory of the United States from September 9, 1850, until January 6, 1912.

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New York City

New York, often called New York City (to distinguish it from New York State) or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States.

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Northern United States

The Northern United States, commonly referred to as the American North, the Northern States, or simply the North, is a geographical and historical region of the United States.

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Opium

Opium (or poppy tears, scientific name: Lachryma papaveris) is dried latex obtained from the seed capsules of the opium poppy Papaver somniferum.

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Pawnee people

The Pawnee are a Central Plains Indian tribe that historically lived in Nebraska and northern Kansas but today are based in Oklahoma.

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Penal labor in the United States

In the United States, penal labor is a multi-billion-dollar industry. History of unfree labor in the United States and penal labor in the United States are labor history of the United States and unfree labor in the United States.

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Penal labour

Penal labour is a term for various kinds of forced labour that prisoners are required to perform, typically manual labour.

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Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania Dutch), is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States.

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Peon

Peon (English, from the Spanish peón) usually refers to a person subject to peonage: any form of wage labor, financial exploitation, coercive economic practice, or policy in which the victim or a laborer (peon) has little control over employment or economic conditions. History of unfree labor in the United States and peon are unfree labor in the United States.

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Peonage Act of 1867

The Peonage Abolition Act of 1867 was an Act passed by the U.S. Congress on March 2, 1867, that abolished peonage in the New Mexico Territory and elsewhere in the United States. History of unfree labor in the United States and peonage Act of 1867 are unfree labor in the United States.

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Plaçage

Plaçage was a recognized extralegal system in French and Spanish slave colonies of North America (including the Caribbean) by which ethnic European men entered into civil unions with non-Europeans of African, Native American and mixed-race descent.

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Plantation complexes in the Southern United States

Plantation complexes were common on agricultural plantations in the Southern United States from the 17th into the 20th century.

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Polaris Project

Polaris is a nonprofit non-governmental organization that works to combat and prevent sex and labor trafficking in North America.

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Poverty

Poverty is a state or condition in which an individual lacks the financial resources and essentials for a certain standard of living.

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Premarital sex

Premarital sex is sexual activity which is practiced by people before they are married.

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Prisoner of war

A prisoner of war (POW) is a person who is held captive by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict.

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Prostitution

Prostitution is the business or practice of engaging in sexual activity in exchange for payment.

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Red-light district

A red-light district or pleasure district is a part of an urban area where a concentration of prostitution and sex-oriented businesses, such as sex shops, strip clubs, and adult theaters, are found.

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Rose Livingston

Rose Livingston (1876 – December 26, 1975), known as the Angel of Chinatown, was a suffragist who worked to free prostitutes and victims of sexual slavery.

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San Diego State University

San Diego State University (SDSU) is a public research university in San Diego, California.

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Scrip

A scrip (or chit in India) is any substitute for legal tender.

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Self-employment

Self-employment is the state of working for oneself rather than an employer.

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Sexual slavery

Sexual slavery and sexual exploitation is an attachment of any ownership right over one or more people with the intent of coercing or otherwise forcing them to engage in sexual activities.

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Sharecropping is a legal arrangement in which a landowner allows a tenant (sharecropper) to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on that land.

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Slave states and free states

In the United States before 1865, a slave state was a state in which slavery and the internal or domestic slave trade were legal, while a free state was one in which they were prohibited.

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Slavery

Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labour.

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Southern United States

The Southern United States, sometimes Dixie, also referred to as the Southern States, the American South, the Southland, Dixieland, or simply the South, is a geographic and cultural region of the United States.

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Stephen D. Behrendt

Stephen D. Behrendt is a historian at Victoria University Wellington who specialises in the transatlantic slave trade.

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Territories of the United States

Territories of the United States are sub-national administrative divisions overseen by the federal government of the United States.

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Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Thirteenth Amendment (Amendment XIII) to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.

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Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, planter, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809.

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Tlingit

The Tlingit or Lingít are Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America and constitute two of the two-hundred thirty-one (231, as of 2022) federally recognized Tribes of Alaska.

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Totalitarianism

Totalitarianism is a political system and a form of government that prohibits opposition political parties, disregards and outlaws the political claims of individual and group opposition to the state, and controls the public sphere and the private sphere of society.

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Trade union

A trade union (British English) or labor union (American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers whose purpose is to maintain or improve the conditions of their employment, such as attaining better wages and benefits, improving working conditions, improving safety standards, establishing complaint procedures, developing rules governing status of employees (rules governing promotions, just-cause conditions for termination) and protecting and increasing the bargaining power of workers.

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Tribe (Native American)

In the United States, an American Indian tribe, Native American tribe, Alaska Native village, Indigenous tribe or Tribal nation may be any current or historical tribe, band, or nation of Native Americans in the United States.

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Truck wages

Truck wages are wages paid not in conventional money but instead in the form of payment in kind (i.e. commodities, including goods and/or services); credit with retailers; or a money substitute, such as scrip, chits, vouchers or tokens.

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Union (American Civil War)

The Union, colloquially known as the North, refers to the states that remained loyal to the United States after eleven Southern slave states seceded to form the Confederate States of America (CSA), also known as the Confederacy or South, during the American Civil War. History of unfree labor in the United States and Union (American Civil War) are social history of the United States.

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United Mine Workers of America

The United Mine Workers of America (UMW or UMWA) is a North American labor union best known for representing coal miners.

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United States

The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.

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United States Congress

The United States Congress, or simply Congress, is the legislature of the federal government of the United States.

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Urban Institute

The Urban Institute is a Washington, D.C.–based think tank that conducts economic and social policy research to "open minds, shape decisions, and offer solutions".

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Ute people

Ute are the indigenous, or Native American people, of the Ute tribe and culture among the Indigenous peoples of the Great Basin.

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Vice

A vice is a practice, behaviour, or habit generally considered morally wrong in the associated society.

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Violence

Violence is the use of physical force to cause harm to people, or non-human life, such as pain, injury, death, damage, or destruction.

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W. E. B. Du Bois Research Institute

The W. E. B. Du Bois Research Institute, formerly the W. E. B. Du Bois Institute for African and African-American Research, is part of the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research located at Harvard University.

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White supremacy

White supremacy is the belief that white people are superior to those of other races and thus should dominate them.

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Woman's Christian Temperance Union

The Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) is an international temperance organization.

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Yurok

The Yurok (Karuk language: Yurúkvaarar / Yuru Kyara - "downriver Indian; i.e. Yurok Indian") are an Indigenous peoples of California from along the Klamath River and Pacific coast, whose homelands stretch from Trinidad in the south to Crescent City in the north.

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1860 United States presidential election

The 1860 United States presidential election was the 19th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 6, 1860.

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See also

Unfree labor in the United States

• 2010 Georgia prison strike
• Cenikor Foundation
• Chattahoochee Brick Company
• Coolie trade
• Crownsville Hospital Center
• Dry Tortugas National Park
• Forced labor in California
• Fort Jefferson (Florida)
• Free Alabama Movement
• History of unfree labor in the United States
• Knabb Turpentine
• Penal labor in the United States
• Peon
• Peonage Act of 1867
• Slave labor on United States military installations 1799–1863
• Slavery in the United States

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_unfree_labor_in_the_United_States

Also known as History of forced labor in the United States.

, Immigration Act of 1924, Indian Territory, Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, Interracial marriage, Jim Crow laws, Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co., Kidnapping, King Cotton, King's Daughters, Klamath people, Labor history, Labor history of the United States, Labor rights, Lyndon B. Johnson, Mann Act, Maryland, Mason–Dixon line, Matrilineality, Mexico, Modern era, Moral panic, Muscogee, New Mexico Territory, New York City, Northern United States, Opium, Pawnee people, Penal labor in the United States, Penal labour, Pennsylvania, Peon, Peonage Act of 1867, Plaçage, Plantation complexes in the Southern United States, Polaris Project, Poverty, Premarital sex, Prisoner of war, Prostitution, Red-light district, Rose Livingston, San Diego State University, Scrip, Self-employment, Sexual slavery, Sharecropping, Slave states and free states, Slavery, Southern United States, Stephen D. Behrendt, Territories of the United States, Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Thomas Jefferson, Tlingit, Totalitarianism, Trade union, Tribe (Native American), Truck wages, Union (American Civil War), United Mine Workers of America, United States, United States Congress, Urban Institute, Ute people, Vice, Violence, W. E. B. Du Bois Research Institute, White supremacy, Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Yurok, 1860 United States presidential election.