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Hortus conclusus, the Glossary

Hortus conclusus is a Latin term, meaning literally "enclosed garden".^[1]

96 relations: Aaron's rod, Acacia, Albrecht Dürer, Alessandro Farnese (cardinal), Allegory, Altarpiece, Annunciation, Ark of the Covenant, Artas, Bethlehem, Bartolomé Bermejo, Benedictines, Botanical garden, Bride of Christ, Catholic Church, Christianity, Cloister, Coronation of the Virgin, Council of Trent, Dieric Bouts, Dryad, Dumbarton Oaks, Emblem, Engraving, Farnese Gardens, Flanders, Florence, Fountain of Life, Fra Angelico, Gabriel, Garden room, Gaston Bachelard, Gentile da Fabriano, Georgina Masson, Gerard David, Gertrud Schiller, Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, Gideon, Giovanni Bellini, Grimani family, History of gardening, Holy Spirit, Homily, Icon, Illuminated manuscript, Immaculate Conception, Incarnation (Christianity), Islam, Ivory tower, Jesus, Kingdom of Sicily, ... Expand index (46 more) »
Garden design history
Mariology
Song of Songs

Aaron's rod

Aaron's rod refers to any of the walking sticks carried by Moses' brother, Aaron, in the Torah.

Acacia

Acacia, commonly known as wattles or acacias, is a genus of about of shrubs and trees in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the pea family Fabaceae.

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Albrecht Dürer

Albrecht Dürer (21 May 1471 – 6 April 1528),Müller, Peter O. (1993) Substantiv-Derivation in Den Schriften Albrecht Dürers, Walter de Gruyter.

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Alessandro Farnese (5 October 1520 – 2 March 1589), an Italian cardinal and diplomat and a great collector and patron of the arts, was the grandson of Pope Paul III (who also bore the name Alessandro Farnese), and the son of Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma, who was murdered in 1547.

See Hortus conclusus and Alessandro Farnese (cardinal)

Allegory

As a literary device or artistic form, an allegory is a narrative or visual representation in which a character, place, or event can be interpreted to represent a meaning with moral or political significance.

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Altarpiece

An altarpiece is an work of art in painting, sculpture or relief representing a religious subject made for placing at the back of or behind the altar of a Christian church.

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Annunciation

The Annunciation (from the Latin annuntiatio; also referred to as the Annunciation to the Blessed Virgin Mary, the Annunciation of Our Lady, or the Annunciation of the Lord; Ο Ευαγγελισμός της Θεοτόκου) is, according to the Gospel of Luke, the announcement made by the archangel Gabriel to Mary that she would conceive and bear a son through a virgin birth and become the mother of Jesus Christ, the Christian Messiah and Son of God, marking the Incarnation.

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Ark of the Covenant

The Ark of the Covenant, also known as the Ark of the Testimony or the Ark of God, is believed to have been the most sacred religious relic of the Israelites.

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Artas, Bethlehem

Artas (أرطاس) is a Palestinian village located four kilometers southwest of Bethlehem in the Bethlehem Governorate of Palestine, in the central West Bank.

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Bartolomé Bermejo

Bartolomé Bermejo (1440 – c.1501) was a Spanish painter who adopted Flemish painting techniques and conventions.

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Benedictines

The Benedictines, officially the Order of Saint Benedict (Ordo Sancti Benedicti, abbreviated as OSB), are a mainly contemplative monastic order of the Catholic Church for men and for women who follow the Rule of Saint Benedict.

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Botanical garden

A botanical garden or botanic gardenThe terms botanic and botanical and garden or gardens are used more-or-less interchangeably, although the word botanic is generally reserved for the earlier, more traditional gardens.

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Bride of Christ

The bride of Christ, or the lamb's wife, is a metaphor used in number of related verses in the Christian Bible, specifically the New Testament – in the Gospels, the Book of Revelation, the Epistles, with related verses in the Old Testament. Hortus conclusus and bride of Christ are biblical phrases.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

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Christianity

Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

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Cloister

A cloister (from Latin, "enclosure") is a covered walk, open gallery, or open arcade running along the walls of buildings and forming a quadrangle or garth.

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Coronation of the Virgin

The Coronation of the Virgin or Coronation of Mary is a subject in Christian art, especially popular in Italy in the 13th to 15th centuries, but continuing in popularity until the 18th century and beyond. Hortus conclusus and Coronation of the Virgin are virgin Mary in art.

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Council of Trent

The Council of Trent (Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent (or Trento), now in northern Italy, was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church.

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Dieric Bouts

Dieric Bouts (born – 6 May 1475) was an Early Netherlandish painter.

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Dryad

A dryad (Δρυάδες, sing.: Δρυάς) is a tree nymph or tree spirit in Greek mythology.

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Dumbarton Oaks

Dumbarton Oaks, formally the Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, is a historic estate in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C. It was the residence and gardens of wealthy U.S. diplomat Robert Woods Bliss and his wife Mildred Barnes Bliss.

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Emblem

An emblem is an abstract or representational pictorial image that represents a concept, like a moral truth, or an allegory, or a person, like a monarch or saint.

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Engraving

Engraving is the practice of incising a design on a hard, usually flat surface by cutting grooves into it with a burin.

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Farnese Gardens

The Farnese Gardens (Orti Farnesiani sul Palatino), or "Gardens of Farnese upon the Palatine", are a garden in Rome, central Italy, created in 1550 on the northern portion of Palatine Hill, by Cardinal Alessandro Farnese.

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Flanders

Flanders (Dutch: Vlaanderen) is the Dutch-speaking northern portion of Belgium and one of the communities, regions and language areas of Belgium.

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Florence

Florence (Firenze) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany.

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Fountain of Life

The Fountain of Life, or in its earlier form the Fountain of Living Waters, is a Christian iconography symbol associated with baptism and/or eucharist, first appearing in the 5th century in illuminated manuscripts and later in other art forms such as panel paintings.

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Fra Angelico

Fra Angelico, OP (born Guido di Pietro; 18 February 1455) was a Dominican friar and Italian Renaissance painter of the Early Renaissance, described by Giorgio Vasari in his Lives of the Artists as having "a rare and perfect talent".

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Gabriel

In the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam and the Baháʼí Faith), Gabriel is an archangel with the power to announce God's will to mankind.

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Garden room

In gardening, a garden room is a secluded and partly enclosed space within a garden that creates a room-like effect. Hortus conclusus and garden room are garden design history.

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Gaston Bachelard

Gaston Bachelard (27 June 1884 – 16 October 1962) was a French philosopher.

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Gentile da Fabriano

Gentile da Fabriano (– 1427) was an Italian painter known for his participation in the International Gothic painter style.

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Georgina Masson

Georgina Masson (1912–1980) was a British author and photographer.

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Gerard David

Gerard David (– 13 August 1523) was an Early Netherlandish painter and manuscript illuminator known for his brilliant use of color.

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Gertrud Schiller

Gertrud Schiller (7 January 1905 – 4 December 1994) was a German art historian, nurse, social pedagogue and Lutheran teacher of religion.

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Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola

Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola (1 October 15077 July 1573), often simply called Vignola, was one of the great Italian architects of 16th century Mannerism.

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Gideon

Gideon also named Jerubbaal and Jerubbesheth, was a military leader, judge and prophet whose calling and victory over the Midianites are recounted in of the Book of Judges in both the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Bible.

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Giovanni Bellini

Giovanni Bellini (c. 1430 – 29 November 1516) was an Italian Renaissance painter, probably the best known of the Bellini family of Venetian painters.

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Grimani family

The House of Grimani was a prominent Venetian patrician family, including three Doges of Venice.

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History of gardening

The early history of gardening is largely entangled with the history of agriculture, with gardens that were mainly ornamental generally the preserve of the elite until quite recent times. Hortus conclusus and history of gardening are garden design history.

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Holy Spirit

In Judaism, the Holy Spirit, otherwise known as the Holy Ghost, is the divine force, quality and influence of God over the universe or his creatures.

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Homily

A homily (from Greek ὁμιλία, homilía) is a commentary that follows a reading of scripture, giving the "public explanation of a sacred doctrine" or text.

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Icon

An icon is a religious work of art, most commonly a painting, in the cultures of the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Catholic churches.

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Illuminated manuscript

An illuminated manuscript is a formally prepared document where the text is decorated with flourishes such as borders and miniature illustrations.

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Immaculate Conception

The Immaculate Conception is the belief that the Virgin Mary was free of original sin from the moment of her conception.

See Hortus conclusus and Immaculate Conception

Incarnation (Christianity)

In Christian theology, the doctrine of incarnation teaches that the pre-existent divine person of Jesus Christ, God the Son, the second person of the Trinity, and the eternally begotten Logos (Koine Greek for "word"), took upon human nature and "was made flesh" by being conceived in the womb of a woman, the Virgin Mary, also known as the Theotokos (Greek for "God-bearer" or "Mother of God").

See Hortus conclusus and Incarnation (Christianity)

Islam

Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.

See Hortus conclusus and Islam

Ivory tower

An ivory tower is a state of privileged seclusion from the practicalities of real life. Hortus conclusus and ivory tower are song of Songs and titles of Mary.

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Jesus

Jesus (AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ, Jesus of Nazareth, and many other names and titles, was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader.

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Kingdom of Sicily

The Kingdom of Sicily (Regnum Siciliae; Regno di Sicilia; Regnu di Sicilia) was a state that existed in Sicily and the south of the Italian Peninsula plus, for a time, in Northern Africa from its founding by Roger II of Sicily in 1130 until 1816.

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Latin

Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Locus amoenus

Locus amoenus (Latin for "pleasant place") is a literary topos involving an idealized place of safety or comfort.

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Martin Schongauer

Martin Schongauer (c. 1450–53, Colmar – 2 February 1491, Breisach), also known as Martin Schön ("Martin beautiful") or Hübsch Martin ("pretty Martin") by his contemporaries, was an Alsatian engraver and painter.

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Mary, mother of Jesus

Mary was a first-century Jewish woman of Nazareth, the wife of Joseph and the mother of Jesus.

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Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.

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Monte Cassino

Monte Cassino (today usually spelled Montecassino) is a rocky hill about southeast of Rome, in the Latin Valley, Italy, west of Cassino and at an elevation of.

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Museo Nazionale di San Marco

Museo Nazionale di San Marco is an art museum housed in the monumental section of the medieval Dominican convent of San Marco dedicated to St Mark, situated on the present-day Piazza San Marco, in Florence, a region of Tuscany, Italy.

See Hortus conclusus and Museo Nazionale di San Marco

Nation

A nation is a large type of social organization where a collective identity, a national identity, has emerged from a combination of shared features across a given population, such as language, history, ethnicity, culture, territory or society.

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Netherlands

The Netherlands, informally Holland, is a country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean.

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Original sin

Original sin is the Christian doctrine that holds that humans, through the act of birth, inherit a tainted nature with a proclivity to sinful conduct in need of regeneration.

See Hortus conclusus and Original sin

Palatine Hill

The Palatine Hill (Classical Latin: Palatium; Neo-Latin: Collis/Mons Palatinus; Palatino), which relative to the seven hills of Rome is the centremost, is one of the most ancient parts of the city; it has been called "the first nucleus of the Roman Empire".

See Hortus conclusus and Palatine Hill

Pergola

A pergola is most commonly an outdoor garden feature forming a shaded walkway, passageway, or sitting area of vertical posts or pillars that usually support cross-beams and a sturdy open lattice, often upon which woody vines are trained.

See Hortus conclusus and Pergola

Peristyle

In ancient Greek and Roman architecture, a peristyle (from Greek περίστυλον) is a continuous porch formed by a row of columns surrounding the perimeter of a building or a courtyard. Hortus conclusus and peristyle are types of garden.

See Hortus conclusus and Peristyle

Perpetual virginity of Mary

The perpetual virginity of Mary is a Christian doctrine that Mary, the mother of Jesus, was a virgin "before, during and after" the birth of Christ.

See Hortus conclusus and Perpetual virginity of Mary

Persian gardens

The tradition and style of garden design represented by Persian gardens or Iranian gardens (باغ ایرانی) is a style of "landscape" garden which emerged in the Achaemenid Empire.

See Hortus conclusus and Persian gardens

Piazza Venezia

Piazza Venezia is a central hub of Rome, Italy, in which several thoroughfares intersect, including the Via dei Fori Imperiali and the Via del Corso.

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Piet Oudolf

Piet Oudolf (born 27 October 1944) is a Dutch garden designer, nurseryman and author.

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Pietro de' Crescenzi

Pietro de' Crescenzi (1230/35 – c. 1320), 'Petrus de Crescentiis', was a Bolognese jurist,Robert G. Calkins, "Piero de' Crescenzi and the Medieval Garden", in Medieval Gardens, ed.

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Plan of Saint Gall

The Plan of Saint Gall is a medieval architectural drawing of a monastic compound dating from 820–830 AD. Hortus conclusus and Plan of Saint Gall are medieval art.

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Pope Paul II

Pope Paul II (Paulus II; Paolo II; 23 February 1417 – 26 July 1471), born Pietro Barbo, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 30 August 1464 to his death.

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Raphael

Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (March 28 or April 6, 1483April 6, 1520), now generally known in English as Raphael, was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance.

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Renaissance

The Renaissance is a period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries.

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Renaissance garden

A Renaissance garden is a garden or park created in the era and style of the Renaissance.

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Roman de la Rose

Le Roman de la Rose (The Romance of the Rose) is a medieval poem written in Old French and presented as an allegorical dream vision.

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Roman villa

A Roman villa was typically a farmhouse or country house in the territory of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, sometimes reaching extravagant proportions.

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Sacra conversazione

In art, a sacra conversazione (plural: sacre conversazioni), meaning "holy (or sacred) conversation", is a genre developed in Italian Renaissance painting, with a depiction of the Virgin and Child (the Virgin Mary with the infant Jesus) amidst a group of saints in a relatively informal grouping, as opposed to the more rigid and hierarchical compositions of earlier periods. Hortus conclusus and sacra conversazione are virgin Mary in art.

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Solomon

Solomon, also called Jedidiah, was a monarch of ancient Israel and the son and successor of King David, according to the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament.

See Hortus conclusus and Solomon

Song of Songs

The Song of Songs (שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים|translit.

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Sorrowful Mother of Warfhuizen

The Sorrowful Mother of Warfhuizen is the name most often used for Our Lady of the Enclosed Garden, the statue that is kept at the hermitage of Warfhuizen.

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Stefan Lochner

Stefan Lochner (the Dombild Master or Master Stefan; c. 1410 – late 1451) was a German painter working in the late International Gothic period.

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Subiaco, Lazio

Subiaco is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, in the Italian region of Latium, from Tivoli alongside the River Aniene.

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The Unicorn Tapestries

The Unicorn Tapestries or the Hunt of the Unicorn (La Chasse à la licorne) is a series of seven tapestries made in the South Netherlands around 1495–1505, and now in The Cloisters in New York.

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Topophilia

Topophilia (From Greek topos "place" and -philia, "love of") is a strong sense of place, which often becomes mixed with the sense of cultural identity among certain people and a love of certain aspects of such a place.

See Hortus conclusus and Topophilia

Trellis (architecture)

A trellis (treillage) is an architectural structure, usually made from an open framework or lattice of interwoven or intersecting pieces of wood, bamboo or metal that is normally made to support and display climbing plants, especially shrubs.

See Hortus conclusus and Trellis (architecture)

Tretyakov Gallery

The State Tretyakov Gallery (Gosudarstvennaya Tretyakovskaya Galereya; abbreviated ГТГ, GTG) is an art gallery in Moscow, Russia, which is considered the foremost depository of Russian fine art in the world.

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Trinity

The Christian doctrine of the Trinity (from 'threefold') is the central doctrine concerning the nature of God in most Christian churches, which defines one God existing in three,, consubstantial divine persons: God the Father, God the Son (Jesus Christ) and God the Holy Spirit, three distinct persons (hypostases) sharing one essence/substance/nature (homoousion).

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Typology (theology)

Typology in Christian theology and biblical exegesis is a doctrine or theory concerning the relationship of the Old Testament to the New Testament.

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Unicorn

The unicorn is a legendary creature that has been described since antiquity as a beast with a single large, pointed, spiraling horn projecting from its forehead.

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Vicente Juan Masip

Vicente Juan Masip (also known as Joan de Joanes) (15071579) was a Spanish painter of the Renaissance period.

See Hortus conclusus and Vicente Juan Masip

Virgin birth of Jesus

The virgin birth of Jesus is the Christian and Islamic doctrine that Jesus was conceived by his mother, Mary, through the power of the Holy Spirit and without sexual intercourse.

See Hortus conclusus and Virgin birth of Jesus

Vulgate

The Vulgate is a late-4th-century Latin translation of the Bible.

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Walled garden

A walled garden is a garden enclosed by high walls, especially when this is done for horticultural rather than security purposes, although originally all gardens may have been enclosed for protection from animal or human intruders. Hortus conclusus and walled garden are types of garden.

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Warfhuizen

Warfhuizen (Gronings: Waarfhoezen) is a village in province of Groningen, located in the northern part of the Netherlands.

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Wattle and daub

Wattle and daub is a composite building method used for making walls and buildings, in which a woven lattice of wooden strips called "wattle" is "daubed" with a sticky material usually made of some combination of wet soil, clay, sand, animal dung and straw.

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Woodcut

Woodcut is a relief printing technique in printmaking.

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Ypres

Ypres (Ieper; Yper; Ypern) is a Belgian city and municipality in the province of West Flanders.

See Hortus conclusus and Ypres

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hortus_conclusus

, Latin, Locus amoenus, Martin Schongauer, Mary, mother of Jesus, Middle Ages, Monte Cassino, Museo Nazionale di San Marco, Nation, Netherlands, Original sin, Palatine Hill, Pergola, Peristyle, Perpetual virginity of Mary, Persian gardens, Piazza Venezia, Piet Oudolf, Pietro de' Crescenzi, Plan of Saint Gall, Pope Paul II, Raphael, Renaissance, Renaissance garden, Roman de la Rose, Roman villa, Sacra conversazione, Solomon, Song of Songs, Sorrowful Mother of Warfhuizen, Stefan Lochner, Subiaco, Lazio, The Unicorn Tapestries, Topophilia, Trellis (architecture), Tretyakov Gallery, Trinity, Typology (theology), Unicorn, Vicente Juan Masip, Virgin birth of Jesus, Vulgate, Walled garden, Warfhuizen, Wattle and daub, Woodcut, Ypres.

Hortus conclusus, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Garden design history

Mariology

Song of Songs

References