Human enhancement, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 103 relations: Acetylcarnitine, Ageing, Amartya Sen, Anti-aging movement, Artificial cardiac pacemaker, Assisted reproductive technology, Bacopa monnieri, Biodiversity, Biohappiness, Biotechnology, Body hacking, Body modification, Brain implant, Brain–computer interface, Choice, Citicoline, Cloning, Cognitive liberty, Cognitive science, Computer, Controversy, Cyberware, Dale Carrico, Dietary supplement, Directed evolution (transhumanism), Emotion, Eugenics, Evidence-based education, Fitness (biology), Gender, Gene therapy, Genetic engineering, Heredity, Human, Human body, Human chimera, Human genetic enhancement, Human–animal hybrid, Huperzine A, Identity (social science), Implant (medicine), In vitro fertilisation, Information technology, Informed consent, Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, Intelligence, Internet, Internet of things, Life, Life extension, ... Expand index (53 more) »

Acetylcarnitine

Acetyl-L-carnitine, ALCAR or ALC, is an acetylated form of L-carnitine.

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Ageing

Ageing (or aging in American English) is the process of becoming older.

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Amartya Sen

Amartya Kumar Sen (born 1933) is an Indian economist and philosopher.

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Anti-aging movement

The anti-aging movement is a social movement devoted to eliminating or reversing aging, or reducing the effects of it.

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Artificial cardiac pacemaker

An artificial cardiac pacemaker, commonly referred to as simply a pacemaker, is an implanted medical device that generates electrical pulses delivered by electrodes to one or more of the chambers of the heart.

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Assisted reproductive technology

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) includes medical procedures used primarily to address infertility. Human enhancement and Assisted reproductive technology are bioethics and transhumanism.

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Bacopa monnieri

Bacopa monnieri is a perennial, creeping herb native to the wetlands of southern and Eastern India, Australia, Europe, Africa, Asia, and North and South America.

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Biodiversity

Biodiversity (or biological diversity) is the variety and variability of life on Earth.

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Biohappiness

Biohappiness, or bio-happiness, is the elevation of well-being in humans and other animals through biological methods, including germline engineering through screening embryos with genes associated with a high level of happiness, or the use of drugs intended to raise baseline levels of happiness. Human enhancement and Biohappiness are bioethics and transhumanism.

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Biotechnology

Biotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that involves the integration of natural sciences and engineering sciences in order to achieve the application of organisms and parts thereof for products and services.

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Body hacking

Body hacking is the application of the hacker ethic (often in combination with a high risk tolerance) in pursuit of enhancement or change to the body's functions through technological means, such as do-it-yourself cybernetic devices or by introducing biochemicals. Human enhancement and body hacking are transhumanism.

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Body modification

Body modification (or body alteration) is the deliberate altering of the human anatomy or human physical appearance.

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Brain implant

Brain implants, often referred to as neural implants, are technological devices that connect directly to a biological subject's brain – usually placed on the surface of the brain, or attached to the brain's cortex. Human enhancement and brain implant are transhumanism.

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Brain–computer interface

A brain–computer interface (BCI), sometimes called a brain–machine interface (BMI), is a direct communication link between the brain's electrical activity and an external device, most commonly a computer or robotic limb.

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Choice

A choice is the range of different things from which a being can choose.

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Citicoline

Citicoline (INN), also known as cytidine diphosphate-choline (CDP-choline) or cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine is an intermediate in the generation of phosphatidylcholine from choline, a common biochemical process in cell membranes.

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Cloning

Cloning is the process of producing individual organisms with identical genomes, either by natural or artificial means.

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Cognitive liberty

Cognitive liberty, or the "right to mental self-determination", is the freedom of an individual to control their own mental processes, cognition, and consciousness. Human enhancement and Cognitive liberty are transhumanism.

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Cognitive science

Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes.

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Computer

A computer is a machine that can be programmed to automatically carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations (computation).

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Controversy

Controversy is a state of prolonged public dispute or debate, usually concerning a matter of conflicting opinion or point of view.

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Cyberware

Cyberware is a relatively new and unknown field (a proto-science, or more adequately a "proto-technology").

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Dale Carrico

Dale Carrico (born 1965) is an American critical theorist and rhetorician.

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Dietary supplement

A dietary supplement is a manufactured product intended to supplement a person's diet by taking a pill, capsule, tablet, powder, or liquid.

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Directed evolution (transhumanism)

The term directed evolution is used within the transhumanist community to refer to the idea of applying the principles of directed evolution and experimental evolution to the control of human evolution. Human enhancement and directed evolution (transhumanism) are transhumanism.

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Emotion

Emotions are physical and mental states brought on by neurophysiological changes, variously associated with thoughts, feelings, behavioral responses, and a degree of pleasure or displeasure.

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Eugenics

Eugenics is a set of beliefs and practices that aim to improve the genetic quality of a human population. Human enhancement and Eugenics are bioethics and human evolution.

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Evidence-based education

Evidence-based education (EBE) is the principle that education practices should be based on the best available scientific evidence, with randomised trials as the gold standard of evidence, rather than tradition, personal judgement, or other influences.

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Fitness (biology)

Fitness (often denoted w or ω in population genetics models) is a quantitative representation of individual reproductive success.

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Gender

Gender includes the social, psychological, cultural and behavioral aspects of being a man, woman, or other gender identity.

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Gene therapy

Gene therapy is a medical technology that aims to produce a therapeutic effect through the manipulation of gene expression or through altering the biological properties of living cells. Human enhancement and gene therapy are bioethics and transhumanism.

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Genetic engineering

Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the modification and manipulation of an organism's genes using technology. Human enhancement and genetic engineering are bioethics.

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Heredity

Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents.

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Human

Humans (Homo sapiens, meaning "thinking man") or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus Homo.

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Human body

The human body is the entire structure of a human being.

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Human chimera

A human chimera is a human with a subset of cells with a distinct genotype than other cells, that is, having genetic chimerism.

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Human genetic enhancement

Human genetic enhancement or human genetic engineering refers to human enhancement by means of a genetic modification. Human enhancement and human genetic enhancement are transhumanism.

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Human–animal hybrid

A human–animal hybrid and animal–human hybrid is an organism that incorporates elements from both humans and non-human animals. Human enhancement and human–animal hybrid are transhumanism.

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Huperzine A

Huperzine A is a naturally-occurring sesquiterpene alkaloid compound found in the firmoss Huperzia serrata and in varying quantities in other food Huperzia species, including H. elmeri, H. carinat, and H. aqualupian.

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Identity is the set of qualities, beliefs, personality traits, appearance, and/or expressions that characterize a person or a group.

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Implant (medicine)

An implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing biological structure, support a damaged biological structure, or enhance an existing biological structure.

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In vitro fertilisation

In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a process of fertilisation where an egg is combined with sperm in vitro ("in glass").

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Information technology

Information technology (IT) is a set of related fields that encompass computer systems, software, programming languages, and data and information processing, and storage.

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Informed consent

Informed consent is a principle in medical ethics, medical law and media studies, that a patient must have sufficient information and understanding before making decisions about their medical care.

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Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies

The Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies (IEET) is a technoprogressive think tank that seeks to "promote ideas about how technological progress can increase freedom, happiness, and human flourishing in democratic societies."Joseph R. Herkert, "Ethical Challenges of Emerging Technologies", in Gary E. Human enhancement and Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies are transhumanism.

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Intelligence

Intelligence has been defined in many ways: the capacity for abstraction, logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving.

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Internet

The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices.

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Internet of things

The Internet of things (IoT) describes devices with sensors, processing ability, software and other technologies that connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the Internet or other communications networks.

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Life

Life is a quality that distinguishes matter that has biological processes, such as signaling and self-sustaining processes, from matter that does not.

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Life extension

Life extension is the concept of extending the human lifespan, either modestly through improvements in medicine or dramatically by increasing the maximum lifespan beyond its generally-settled biological limit of around 125 years. Human enhancement and life extension are transhumanism.

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Loaded language

Loaded language is rhetoric used to influence an audience by using words and phrases with strong connotations.

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Michael Selgelid

Michael J. Selgelid is a bioethicist and moral philosopher who has written on ethics and public health, biotechnology, and infectious diseases.

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Mind uploading

Mind uploading is a speculative process of whole brain emulation in which a brain scan is used to completely emulate the mental state of the individual in a digital computer. Human enhancement and Mind uploading are transhumanism.

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Mobile phone

A mobile phone or cell phone is a portable telephone that can make and receive calls over a radio frequency link while the user is moving within a telephone service area, as opposed to a fixed-location phone (landline phone).

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Moral enhancement

Moral enhancement (abbreviated ME), also called moral bioenhancement (abbreviated MBE), is the use of biomedical technology to morally improve individuals. Human enhancement and moral enhancement are bioethics and transhumanism.

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Morphological freedom

Morphological freedom refers to a proposed civil right of a person to either maintain or modify their own body, on their own terms, through informed, consensual recourse to, or refusal of, available therapeutic or enabling medical technology. Human enhancement and Morphological freedom are bioethics and transhumanism.

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N-Phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester

N-Phenylacetyl--prolylglycine ethyl ester is promoted as a nootropic and is a prodrug of cyclic glycine-proline.

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Nanomedicine

Nanomedicine is the medical application of nanotechnology.

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Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometers (nm).

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Narrative identity

The theory of narrative identity postulates that individuals form an identity by integrating their life experiences into an internalized, evolving story of the self that provides the individual with a sense of unity and purpose in life.

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Neurodiversity

Neurodiversity is a framework for understanding human brain function that recognizes the diversity within sensory processing, motor abilities, social comfort, cognition, and focus as neurobiological differences.

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Neuromarketing

Neuromarketing is a commercial marketing communication field that applies neuropsychology to market research, studying consumers' sensorimotor, cognitive, and affective responses to marketing stimuli.

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Neurostimulation

Neurostimulation is the purposeful modulation of the nervous system's activity using invasive (e.g. microelectrodes) or non-invasive means (e.g. transcranial magnetic stimulation or transcranial electric stimulation, tES, such as tDCS or transcranial alternating current stimulation, tACS).

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Neurotechnology

Neurotechnology encompasses any method or electronic device which interfaces with the nervous system to monitor or modulate neural activity.

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Nick Bostrom

Nick Bostrom (Niklas Boström; born 10 March 1973 in Sweden) is a philosopher known for his work on existential risk, the anthropic principle, human enhancement ethics, whole brain emulation, superintelligence risks, and the reversal test.

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Nootropic

Nootropics (or; but not or, which are common mispronunciations), colloquially brain supplements, smart drugs and cognitive enhancers, are natural, semisynthetic or synthetic compounds which purportedly improve cognitive functions, such as executive functions, attention or memory.

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Orthodontics

Orthodontics is a dentistry specialty that addresses the diagnosis, prevention, management, and correction of mal-positioned teeth and jaws, as well as misaligned bite patterns.

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Performance improvement

Performance improvement is measuring the output of a particular business process or procedure, then modifying the process or procedure to increase the output, increase efficiency, or increase the effectiveness of the process or procedure.

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Personality

Personality is any person's collection of interrelated behavioral, cognitive and emotional patterns that comprise a person’s unique adjustment to life.

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Phosphatidylserine

Phosphatidylserine (abbreviated Ptd-L-Ser or PS) is a phospholipid and is a component of the cell membrane.

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Pinus pinaster

Pinus pinaster, the maritime pine or cluster pine, is a pine native to the south Atlantic Europe region and parts of the western Mediterranean.

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Piracetam

Piracetam is a drug that has efficacy in cognitive disorders, vertigo, cortical myoclonus, dyslexia, and sickle cell anemia; sources differ on its usefulness for dementia. Piracetam is sold as a medication in many European countries. Sale of piracetam is not illegal in the United States, although it is not regulated nor approved by the FDA, so it is legally sold for research use only.

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Plastic surgery

Plastic surgery is a surgical specialty involving the restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body.

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Posthuman

Posthuman or post-human is a concept originating in the fields of science fiction, futurology, contemporary art, and philosophy that means a person or entity that exists in a state beyond being human. Human enhancement and Posthuman are human evolution and transhumanism.

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Posthumanism

Posthumanism or post-humanism (meaning "after humanism" or "beyond humanism") is an idea in continental philosophy and critical theory responding to the presence of anthropocentrism in 21st-century thought.

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Powered exoskeleton

A powered exoskeleton (also known as power armor, powered armor, powered suit, cybernetic suit, robot armor, robot suit, high-tech armor, robotic armor, robot armor suit, cybernetic armor, exosuit, hardsuit, exoframe or augmented mobility) is a mobile machine that is wearable over all or part of the human body, providing ergonomic structural support and powered by a system of electric motors, pneumatics, levers, hydraulics or a combination of cybernetic technologies, while allowing for sufficient limb movement with increased strength and endurance.

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Practical reason

In philosophy, practical reason is the use of reason to decide how to act.

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Pregnancy

Pregnancy is the time during which one or more offspring develops (gestates) inside a woman's uterus (womb).

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Prenatal testing

Prenatal testing is a tool that can be used to detect some birth defects at various stages prior to birth.

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President's Council on Bioethics

The President's Council on Bioethics (PCBE) was a group of individuals appointed by United States President George W. Bush to advise his administration on bioethics. Human enhancement and President's Council on Bioethics are bioethics.

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Prosthesis

In medicine, a prosthesis (prostheses; from addition, application, attachment), or a prosthetic implant, is an artificial device that replaces a missing body part, which may be lost through physical trauma, disease, or a condition present at birth (congenital disorder).

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Racetam

Racetams are a class of drugs that share a pyrrolidone nucleus.

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Ray Kurzweil

Raymond Kurzweil (born February 12, 1948) is an American computer scientist, author, entrepreneur, futurist, and inventor.

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Rejuvenation

Rejuvenation is a medical discipline focused on the practical reversal of the aging process. Human enhancement and Rejuvenation are transhumanism.

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Rhodiola rosea

Rhodiola rosea (commonly golden root, rose root, roseroot, Aaron's rod, Arctic root, king's crown, lignum rhodium, orpin rose) is a perennial flowering plant in the family Crassulaceae.

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Semax

Semax is a drug which is used mostly in Russia for a broad range of conditions but predominantly for its purported nootropic, neuroprotective, and neurorestorative properties.

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Sense

A sense is a biological system used by an organism for sensation, the process of gathering information about the surroundings through the detection of stimuli.

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Sex-selective abortion

Sex-selective abortion is the practice of terminating a pregnancy based upon the predicted sex of the infant.

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Social norms are shared standards of acceptable behavior by groups.

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Species

A species (species) is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction.

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Stanford University Press

Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University.

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Strategies for engineered negligible senescence

Strategies for engineered negligible senescence (SENS) is a range of proposed regenerative medical therapies, either planned or currently in development, for the periodic repair of all age-related damage to human tissue.

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Sulbutiamine

Sulbutiamine (brand names Arcalion, Enerion) is a synthetic derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1).

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Technological convergence

Technological convergence is the tendency for technologies that were originally unrelated to become more closely integrated and even unified as they develop and advance.

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Technological singularity

The technological singularity—or simply the singularity—is a hypothetical future point in time at which technological growth becomes uncontrollable and irreversible, resulting in unforeseeable consequences for human civilization.

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Technology

Technology is the application of conceptual knowledge to achieve practical goals, especially in a reproducible way.

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Theanine

Theanine, commonly known as L-theanine and sometimes L-gamma-glutamylethylamide or N5-ethyl-L-glutamine, is an amino acid analogue of the proteinogenic amino acids L-glutamate and L-glutamine and is found primarily in particular plant and fungal species.

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Transhumanism

Transhumanism is a philosophical and intellectual movement that advocates the enhancement of the human condition by developing and making widely available new and future technologies that can greatly enhance longevity, cognition, and well-being. Human enhancement and Transhumanism are bioethics.

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Uridine monophosphate

Uridine monophosphate (UMP), also known as 5′-uridylic acid (conjugate base uridylate), is a nucleotide that is used as a monomer in RNA.

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Utne Reader

Utne Reader (also known as Utne) is a digital digest that collects and reprints articles on politics, culture, and the environment, generally from alternative media sources including journals, newsletters, weeklies, zines, music, and DVDs.

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Vinpocetine

Vinpocetine (ethyl apovincaminate) is a synthetic derivative of the vinca alkaloid vincamine, differing by the removal of a hydroxyl group and by being the ethyl rather than the methyl ester of the underlying carboxylic acid.

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William Sims Bainbridge

William Sims Bainbridge (born October 12, 1940) is an American sociologist who currently resides in Virginia.

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3D bioprinting

Three dimensional (3D) bioprinting is the utilization of 3D printing–like techniques to combine cells, growth factors, bio-inks, and biomaterials to fabricate functional structures that were traditionally used for tissue engineering applications but in recent times have seen increased interest in other applications such as biosensing, and environmental remediation.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_enhancement

Also known as Cybernetic implant, Enhanced human, Enhancement technologies, Human Enhancement Technologies, Human augmentation, Human enhancement drugs.

, Loaded language, Michael Selgelid, Mind uploading, Mobile phone, Moral enhancement, Morphological freedom, N-Phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester, Nanomedicine, Nanotechnology, Narrative identity, Neurodiversity, Neuromarketing, Neurostimulation, Neurotechnology, Nick Bostrom, Nootropic, Orthodontics, Performance improvement, Personality, Phosphatidylserine, Pinus pinaster, Piracetam, Plastic surgery, Posthuman, Posthumanism, Powered exoskeleton, Practical reason, Pregnancy, Prenatal testing, President's Council on Bioethics, Prosthesis, Racetam, Ray Kurzweil, Rejuvenation, Rhodiola rosea, Semax, Sense, Sex-selective abortion, Social norm, Species, Stanford University Press, Strategies for engineered negligible senescence, Sulbutiamine, Technological convergence, Technological singularity, Technology, Theanine, Transhumanism, Uridine monophosphate, Utne Reader, Vinpocetine, William Sims Bainbridge, 3D bioprinting.