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Human mission to Mars, the Glossary

The idea of sending humans to Mars has been the subject of aerospace engineering and scientific studies since the late 1940s as part of the broader exploration of Mars.^[1]

126 relations: Advanced Resistive Exercise Device, Aerobraking, Aerocapture, Aerospace engineering, Apollo program, Argon, Ars Technica, Associated Press, Astronaut, Atlas V, Atmosphere of Mars, Aurora, Ballistic capture, Beagle 2, Boeing, China National Space Administration, CNN, Colonization of Mars, Coronal mass ejection, Curiosity (rover), Deep Space Habitat, Deimos (moon), Delta-v, Earth, Effect of spaceflight on the human body, European Space Agency, ExoMars, Exploration of Mars, Federal government of the United States, Flyby (spaceflight), Gaetano Crocco, Haptic technology, Health threat from cosmic rays, Hemodynamics, Hermit, Hohmann transfer orbit, Human spaceflight, Ingenuity (helicopter), InSight, International Space Station, Interplanetary contamination, Interplanetary spaceflight, Intravenous therapy, Ionizing radiation, JAMA Network Open, Latency (engineering), Launch window, List of crewed Mars mission plans, List of films set on Mars, List of government space agencies, ... Expand index (76 more) »
Human missions to Mars

Advanced Resistive Exercise Device

The Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED) is an exercise device designed by NASA to allow for more intense workouts in zero gravity.

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Aerobraking

Aerobraking is a spaceflight maneuver that reduces the high point of an elliptical orbit (apoapsis) by flying the vehicle through the atmosphere at the low point of the orbit (periapsis).

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Aerocapture

Aerocapture is an orbital transfer maneuver in which a spacecraft uses aerodynamic drag force from a single pass through a planetary atmosphere to decelerate and achieve orbit insertion.

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Aerospace engineering

Aerospace engineering is the primary field of engineering concerned with the development of aircraft and spacecraft.

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The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which succeeded in preparing and landing the first men on the Moon from 1968 to 1972.

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Argon

Argon is a chemical element; it has symbol Ar and atomic number 18.

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Ars Technica

Ars Technica is a website covering news and opinions in technology, science, politics, and society, created by Ken Fisher and Jon Stokes in 1998.

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Associated Press

The Associated Press (AP) is an American not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.

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Astronaut

An astronaut (from the Ancient Greek ἄστρον, meaning 'star', and ναύτης, meaning 'sailor') is a person trained, equipped, and deployed by a human spaceflight program to serve as a commander or crew member aboard a spacecraft.

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Atlas V

Atlas V is an expendable launch system and the fifth major version in the Atlas launch vehicle family.

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Atmosphere of Mars

The atmosphere of Mars is the layer of gases surrounding Mars.

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Aurora

An aurora (aurorae or auroras), also commonly known as the northern lights (aurora borealis) or southern lights (aurora australis), is a natural light display in Earth's sky, predominantly seen in high-latitude regions (around the Arctic and Antarctic).

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Ballistic capture

Ballistic capture is a low energy method for a spacecraft to achieve an orbit around a distant planet or moon with no fuel required to go into orbit.

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Beagle 2

The Beagle 2 is an inoperative British Mars lander that was transported by the European Space Agency's 2003 Mars Express mission. Human mission to Mars and Beagle 2 are missions to Mars.

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Boeing

The Boeing Company (or simply Boeing) is an American multinational corporation that designs, manufactures, and sells airplanes, rotorcraft, rockets, satellites, and missiles worldwide.

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China National Space Administration

The China National Space Administration (CNSA) is a government agency of the People's Republic of China headquartered in Haidian, Beijing, responsible for civil space administration and international space cooperation.

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CNN

Cable News Network (CNN) is a multinational news channel and website operating from Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by the Manhattan-based media conglomerate Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage and the first all-news television channel in the United States.

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Colonization of Mars

The colonization of Mars is the proposed process of establishing and maintaining control of Martian land for exploitation and the possible settlement of Mars. Human mission to Mars and colonization of Mars are human missions to Mars.

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Coronal mass ejection

A coronal mass ejection (CME) is a significant ejection of magnetic field and accompanying plasma mass from the Sun's corona into the heliosphere.

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Curiosity (rover)

Curiosity is a car-sized Mars rover exploring Gale crater and Mount Sharp on Mars as part of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission.

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Deep Space Habitat

The Deep Space Habitat (DSH) is a series of concepts explored between 2012 and 2018 by NASA for methods to support crewed exploration missions to the Moon, asteroids, and eventually Mars.

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Deimos (moon)

Deimos (systematic designation: Mars II) is the smaller and outer of the two natural satellites of Mars, the other being Phobos.

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Delta-v

Delta-v (more known as "change in velocity"), symbolized as and pronounced deltah-vee, as used in spacecraft flight dynamics, is a measure of the impulse per unit of spacecraft mass that is needed to perform a maneuver such as launching from or landing on a planet or moon, or an in-space orbital maneuver.

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Earth

Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.

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Effect of spaceflight on the human body

The effects of spaceflight on the human body are complex and largely harmful over both short and long term.

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European Space Agency

The European Space Agency (ESA) is a 22-member intergovernmental body devoted to space exploration.

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ExoMars

ExoMars (Exobiology on Mars) is an astrobiology programme of the European Space Agency (ESA). Human mission to Mars and ExoMars are missions to Mars.

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Exploration of Mars

The planet Mars has been explored remotely by spacecraft.

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Federal government of the United States

The federal government of the United States (U.S. federal government or U.S. government) is the national government of the United States, a federal republic located primarily in North America, composed of 50 states, five major self-governing territories, several island possessions, and the federal district/national capital of Washington, D.C., where most of the federal government is based.

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Flyby (spaceflight)

A flyby is a spaceflight operation in which a spacecraft passes in proximity to another body, usually a target of its space exploration mission and/or a source of a gravity assist (also called swing-by) to impel it towards another target.

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Gaetano Crocco

Gaetano Arturo Crocco (26 October 1877 – 19 January 1968) was an Italian scientist and aeronautics pioneer, the founder of the Italian Rocket Society, and went on to become Italy's leading space scientist.

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Haptic technology

Haptic technology (also kinaesthetic communication or 3D touch) is technology that can create an experience of touch by applying forces, vibrations, or motions to the user.

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Health threat from cosmic rays

Health threats from cosmic rays are the dangers posed by cosmic rays to astronauts on interplanetary missions or any missions that venture through the Van-Allen Belts or outside the Earth's magnetosphere.

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Hemodynamics

Hemodynamics or haemodynamics are the dynamics of blood flow.

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Hermit

A hermit, also known as an eremite (adjectival form: hermitic or eremitic) or solitary, is a person who lives in seclusion.

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Hohmann transfer orbit

In astronautics, the Hohmann transfer orbit is an orbital maneuver used to transfer a spacecraft between two orbits of different altitudes around a central body.

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Human spaceflight

Human spaceflight (also referred to as manned spaceflight or crewed spaceflight) is spaceflight with a crew or passengers aboard a spacecraft, often with the spacecraft being operated directly by the onboard human crew.

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Ingenuity (helicopter)

Ingenuity, nicknamed Ginny, is an autonomous NASA helicopter that operated on Mars from 2021 to 2024 as part of the Mars 2020 mission. Human mission to Mars and Ingenuity (helicopter) are missions to Mars.

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InSight

The Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight) mission was a robotic lander designed to study the deep interior of the planet Mars. Human mission to Mars and InSight are missions to Mars.

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International Space Station

The International Space Station (ISS) is a large space station assembled and maintained in low Earth orbit by a collaboration of five space agencies and their contractors: NASA (United States), Roscosmos (Russia), ESA (Europe), JAXA (Japan), and CSA (Canada).

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Interplanetary contamination

Interplanetary contamination refers to biological contamination of a planetary body by a space probe or spacecraft, either deliberate or unintentional.

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Interplanetary spaceflight

Interplanetary spaceflight or interplanetary travel is the crewed or uncrewed travel between stars and planets, usually within a single planetary system.

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Intravenous therapy

Intravenous therapy (abbreviated as IV therapy) is a medical technique that administers fluids, medications and nutrients directly into a person's vein.

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Ionizing radiation

Ionizing radiation (US, ionising radiation in the UK), including nuclear radiation, consists of subatomic particles or electromagnetic waves that have sufficient energy to ionize atoms or molecules by detaching electrons from them.

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JAMA Network Open

JAMA Network Open is a monthly open access medical journal published by the American Medical Association covering all aspects of the biomedical sciences.

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Latency (engineering)

Latency, from a general point of view, is a time delay between the cause and the effect of some physical change in the system being observed.

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Launch window

In the context of spaceflight, launch period is the collection of days and launch window is the time period on a given day during which a particular rocket must be launched in order to reach its intended target.

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List of crewed Mars mission plans

This list of crewed Mars mission plans is a listing of concept studies for a crewed mission to Mars during the 20th and 21st centuries. Human mission to Mars and list of crewed Mars mission plans are human missions to Mars.

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List of films set on Mars

There is a body of films that are set on the planet Mars.

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List of government space agencies

Government space agencies are established by governments of countries or regional groupings of countries to establish a means for advocating for and/or engaging in activities related to outer space, exploitation of space systems, and space exploration.

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List of human microbiota

Human microbiota are microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, and archaea) found in a specific environment.

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List of missions to Mars

This is a list of spacecraft missions (including unsuccessful ones) to the planet Mars, such as orbiters, landers, and rovers. Human mission to Mars and list of missions to Mars are missions to Mars.

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Lunar Gateway

The Lunar Gateway, or simply Gateway, is a space station which is planned to be assembled in orbit around the Moon.

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Mariner 4

Mariner 4 (together with Mariner 3 known as Mariner-Mars 1964) was the fourth in a series of spacecraft intended for planetary exploration in a flyby mode. Human mission to Mars and Mariner 4 are missions to Mars.

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Mariner 9

Mariner 9 (Mariner Mars '71 / Mariner-I) was a robotic spacecraft that contributed greatly to the exploration of Mars and was part of the NASA Mariner program. Human mission to Mars and Mariner 9 are missions to Mars.

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Mars

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun.

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Mars 2020

Mars 2020 is a NASA mission that includes the rover Perseverance, the now-retired small robotic helicopter Ingenuity, and associated delivery systems, as part of the Mars Exploration Program. Human mission to Mars and Mars 2020 are missions to Mars.

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Mars 3

Mars 3 was a robotic space probe of the Soviet Mars program, launched May 28, 1971, nine days after its twin spacecraft Mars 2.

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Mars aircraft

A Mars aircraft is a vehicle capable of sustaining powered flight in the atmosphere of Mars.

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Mars Express

Mars Express is a space exploration mission being conducted by the European Space Agency (ESA). Human mission to Mars and Mars Express are missions to Mars.

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Mars flyby

A Mars flyby is a movement of spacecraft passing in the vicinity of the planet Mars, but not entering orbit or landing on it.

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Mars Global Surveyor

Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) was an American robotic space probe developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and launched November 1996. Human mission to Mars and Mars Global Surveyor are missions to Mars.

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Mars in fiction

Mars, the fourth planet from the Sun, has appeared as a setting in works of fiction since at least the mid-1600s.

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Mars landing

A Mars landing is a landing of a spacecraft on the surface of Mars.

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Mars Pathfinder

Mars Pathfinder is an American robotic spacecraft that landed a base station with a roving probe on Mars in 1997. Human mission to Mars and Mars Pathfinder are missions to Mars.

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Mars Piloted Orbital Station

Mars Piloted Orbital Station (or Marspost) is a Russian concept for an orbital human mission to Mars, with several proposed configurations, including using a nuclear reactor to run an electric rocket engine. Human mission to Mars and Mars Piloted Orbital Station are human missions to Mars.

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Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) is a spacecraft designed to search for the existence of water on Mars and provide support for missions to Mars, as part of NASA's Mars Exploration Program. Human mission to Mars and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter are missions to Mars.

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Mars rover

A Mars rover is a remote-controlled motor vehicle designed to travel on the surface of Mars. Human mission to Mars and Mars rover are missions to Mars.

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Mars sample-return mission

A Mars sample-return (MSR) mission is a proposed mission to collect rock and dust samples on Mars and return them to Earth. Human mission to Mars and Mars sample-return mission are missions to Mars.

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Mars Science Laboratory

Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) is a robotic space probe mission to Mars launched by NASA on November 26, 2011, which successfully landed Curiosity, a Mars rover, in Gale Crater on August 6, 2012. Human mission to Mars and Mars Science Laboratory are missions to Mars.

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Mars Society

The Mars Society is a nonprofit organization that advocates for human exploration and colonization of Mars. Human mission to Mars and Mars Society are human missions to Mars.

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Moon

The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite.

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Moons of Mars

The two moons of Mars are Phobos and Deimos.

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NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.

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National Geographic

National Geographic (formerly The National Geographic Magazine, sometimes branded as NAT GEO) is an American monthly magazine published by National Geographic Partners.

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Nature Communications

Nature Communications is a peer-reviewed, open access, scientific journal published by Nature Portfolio since 2010.

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New Scientist

New Scientist is a popular science magazine covering all aspects of science and technology.

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Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol N and atomic number 7.

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Nuclear thermal rocket

A nuclear thermal rocket (NTR) is a type of thermal rocket where the heat from a nuclear reaction replaces the chemical energy of the propellants in a chemical rocket.

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Opportunity (rover)

Opportunity, also known as MER-B (Mars Exploration Rover – B) or MER-1, is a robotic rover that was active on Mars from 2004 until 2018. Human mission to Mars and Opportunity (rover) are missions to Mars.

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Orbit of Mars

Mars has an orbit with a semimajor axis of 1.524 astronomical units (228 million km) (12.673 light minutes), and an eccentricity of 0.0934.

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Orbital eccentricity

In astrodynamics, the orbital eccentricity of an astronomical object is a dimensionless parameter that determines the amount by which its orbit around another body deviates from a perfect circle.

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Orbital period

The orbital period (also revolution period) is the amount of time a given astronomical object takes to complete one orbit around another object.

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Orders of magnitude (radiation)

Recognized effects of higher acute radiation doses are described in more detail in the article on radiation poisoning.

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Orion (spacecraft)

Orion (Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle or Orion MPCV) is a partially reusable crewed spacecraft used in NASA's Artemis program.

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Perseverance (rover)

Perseverance, nicknamed Percy, is a car-sized Mars rover designed to explore the Jezero crater on Mars as part of NASA's Mars 2020 mission.

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Phobos (moon)

Phobos (systematic designation) is the innermost and larger of the two natural satellites of Mars, the other being Deimos.

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Phoenix (spacecraft)

Phoenix was an uncrewed space probe that landed on the surface of Mars on May 25, 2008, and operated until November 2, 2008. Human mission to Mars and Phoenix (spacecraft) are missions to Mars.

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Phys.org

Phys.org is an online science, research and technology news aggregator offering briefs from press releases and reports from news agencies.

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Radiation

In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium.

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Radiation assessment detector

The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) is an instrument mounted on the Mars Science Laboratory ''Curiosity'' rover.

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Research station

Research stations are facilities where scientific investigation, collection, analysis and experimentation occurs.

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Rocket engine

A rocket engine uses stored rocket propellants as the reaction mass for forming a high-speed propulsive jet of fluid, usually high-temperature gas.

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Russian invasion of Ukraine

On 24 February 2022, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, which started in 2014.

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Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars

The Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars (SCIM) is a mission concept for a Mars air and dust sample return.

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Schiaparelli EDM

Schiaparelli EDM was a failed Entry, Descent, and Landing Demonstrator Module (EDM) of the ExoMars programme—a joint mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Russian Space Agency Roscosmos.

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Science fiction

Science fiction (sometimes shortened to SF or sci-fi) is a genre of speculative fiction, which typically deals with imaginative and futuristic concepts such as advanced science and technology, space exploration, time travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life.

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Scientific American

Scientific American, informally abbreviated SciAm or sometimes SA, is an American popular science magazine.

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Sievert

The sievert (symbol: SvPlease note there are two non-SI units that use the same Sv abbreviation: the sverdrup and svedberg.) is a unit in the International System of Units (SI) intended to represent the stochastic health risk of ionizing radiation, which is defined as the probability of causing radiation-induced cancer and genetic damage.

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Sojourner (rover)

Sojourner is a robotic Mars rover that landed in the Ares Vallis channel in the Chryse Planitia region of the Oxia Palus quadrangle on July 4, 1997.

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Space exploration

Space exploration is the use of astronomy and space technology to explore outer space.

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Space tourism

Space tourism is human space travel for recreational purposes.

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Space.com

Space.com is an online publication focused on space exploration, astronomy, skywatching and entertainment, with editorial teams based in the United States and United Kingdom.

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Spacecraft attitude control

Spacecraft attitude control is the process of controlling the orientation of a spacecraft (vehicle or satellite) with respect to an inertial frame of reference or another entity such as the celestial sphere, certain fields, and nearby objects, etc.

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Spacecraft design

Spacecraft design is a process where systems engineering principles are systemically applied in order to construct complex vehicles for missions involving travel, operation or exploration in outer space.

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Spacecraft electric propulsion

Spacecraft electric propulsion (or just electric propulsion) is a type of spacecraft propulsion technique that uses electrostatic or electromagnetic fields to accelerate mass to high speed and thus generating thrust to modify the velocity of a spacecraft in orbit.

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Spacecraft propulsion

Spacecraft propulsion is any method used to accelerate spacecraft and artificial satellites.

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Spaceflight

Spaceflight (or space flight) is an application of astronautics to fly objects, usually spacecraft, into or through outer space, either with or without humans on board.

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Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome

Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS), previously called spaceflight-induced visual impairment, is hypothesized to be a result of increased intracranial pressure (ICP), although, experiments directly measuring ICP in parabolic flight have shown ICP to be in normal physiological ranges during acute weightless exposure.

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SpaceX

Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, commonly referred to as SpaceX, is an American spacecraft manufacturer, launch service provider and satellite communications company headquartered in Hawthorne, California.

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Spirit (rover)

Spirit, also known as MER-A (Mars Exploration Rover – A) or MER-2, is a Mars robotic rover, active from 2004 to 2010. Human mission to Mars and Spirit (rover) are missions to Mars.

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Telepresence

Telepresence refers to a set of technologies which allow a person to feel as if they were present, to give the appearance or effect of being present via telerobotics, at a place other than their true location.

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Terraforming of Mars

The terraforming of Mars or the terraformation of Mars is a hypothetical procedure that would consist of a planetary engineering project or concurrent projects aspiring to transform Mars from a planet hostile to terrestrial life to one that could sustainably host humans and other lifeforms free of protection or mediation.

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The Independent

The Independent is a British online newspaper.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

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The Planetary Society

The Planetary Society is an American internationally-active non-governmental nonprofit organization.

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post, locally known as "the Post" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital.

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Thrombus

A thrombus (thrombi), colloquially called a blood clot, is the final product of the blood coagulation step in hemostasis.

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Tianwen-1

-1 (also referred to as TW-1; 天|s. Human mission to Mars and Tianwen-1 are missions to Mars.

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Universities Space Research Association

The Universities Space Research Association (USRA) was incorporated on March 12, 1969, in Washington, D.C. as a private, nonprofit corporation under the auspices of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS).

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Viking 1

Viking 1 was the first of two spacecraft, along with Viking 2, each consisting of an orbiter and a lander, sent to Mars as part of NASA's Viking program. Human mission to Mars and Viking 1 are missions to Mars.

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Viking 2

The Viking 2 mission was part of the American Viking program to Mars, and consisted of an orbiter and a lander essentially identical to that of the Viking 1 mission. Human mission to Mars and Viking 2 are missions to Mars.

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Wired (magazine)

Wired (stylized in all caps) is a monthly American magazine, published in print and online editions, that focuses on how emerging technologies affect culture, the economy, and politics.

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Yahoo! News

Yahoo! News is a news website that originated as an internet-based news aggregator by Yahoo!.

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Zhurong (rover)

() is a Chinese rover on Mars, the country's first to land on another planet after it previously landed two rovers on the Moon. Human mission to Mars and Zhurong (rover) are missions to Mars.

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2001 Mars Odyssey

2001 Mars Odyssey is a robotic spacecraft orbiting the planet Mars. Human mission to Mars and 2001 Mars Odyssey are missions to Mars.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_mission_to_Mars

Also known as Crewed mission to Mars, Crewed missions to Mars, Human Mars landing, Human Mars landings, Human arrival on Mars, Human exploration of Mars, Human flight to Mars, Human landing on Mars, Human missions to Mars, Human on Mars, Human presence of Mars, Human presence on Mars, Human travel to Mars, Humans on mars, List of crewed Mars missions, List of crewed missions to Mars, List of human Mars missions, List of human missions to Mars, List of manned Mars missions, List of manned missions to Mars, Man on Mars, Manned Mars Mission, Manned Mars landing, Manned Mars landings, Manned Mars missions, Manned Mars-mission, Manned exploration of Mars, Manned mission to Mars, Manned missions to Mars, Mars Expeditionary Complex, Mars travel, Marswalk, Sending humans to Mars, Travel to Mars, Trip to Mars, Walk on Mars, Woman on Mars.

, List of human microbiota, List of missions to Mars, Lunar Gateway, Mariner 4, Mariner 9, Mars, Mars 2020, Mars 3, Mars aircraft, Mars Express, Mars flyby, Mars Global Surveyor, Mars in fiction, Mars landing, Mars Pathfinder, Mars Piloted Orbital Station, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, Mars rover, Mars sample-return mission, Mars Science Laboratory, Mars Society, Moon, Moons of Mars, NASA, National Geographic, Nature Communications, New Scientist, Nitrogen, Nuclear thermal rocket, Opportunity (rover), Orbit of Mars, Orbital eccentricity, Orbital period, Orders of magnitude (radiation), Orion (spacecraft), Perseverance (rover), Phobos (moon), Phoenix (spacecraft), Phys.org, Radiation, Radiation assessment detector, Research station, Rocket engine, Russian invasion of Ukraine, Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars, Schiaparelli EDM, Science fiction, Scientific American, Sievert, Sojourner (rover), Space exploration, Space tourism, Space.com, Spacecraft attitude control, Spacecraft design, Spacecraft electric propulsion, Spacecraft propulsion, Spaceflight, Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome, SpaceX, Spirit (rover), Telepresence, Terraforming of Mars, The Independent, The New York Times, The Planetary Society, The Washington Post, Thrombus, Tianwen-1, Universities Space Research Association, Viking 1, Viking 2, Wired (magazine), Yahoo! News, Zhurong (rover), 2001 Mars Odyssey.

Human mission to Mars, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Human missions to Mars

References