Human rights in Belarus, the Glossary
The government of Belarus is criticized for its human rights violations and persecution of non-governmental organisations, independent journalists, national minorities, and opposition politicians.[1]
Table of Contents
240 relations: Aarhus Convention, Ahmadiyya, Ales Bialiatski, Alexander Lukashenko, All-National TV, Alyaksandr Kazulin, American Bar Association, Amerikanka, Amnesty International, Anatol Krasouski, Andrei Kim, Andrei Sannikov, Anti-Romani sentiment, Antisemitism, Arbitrary arrest and detention, Associated Press, Aum Shinrikyo, Babruysk, Baptists, BBC, Belarus, Belarus Solidarity Foundation, Belarus Today, Belarusian Association of Journalists, Belarusian Christian Democracy, Belarusian diaspora, Belarusian Helsinki Committee, Belarusian language, Belarusian opposition, Belarusian Orthodox Church, Belarusian Popular Front, Belarusian Railway, Belarusian ruble, Belarusian State University, Belarusian Steel Works, Belneftekhim, Belsat TV, BPF Party, Capital punishment, Catherine Ashton, Catholic Church, Caucasus, Censorship in Belarus, Charismatic movement, Charter 97, Chechnya, Communist Party of Belarus, Condoleezza Rice, Condom, Conviction rate, ... Expand index (190 more) »
Aarhus Convention
The UNECE Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters, usually known as the Aarhus Convention, was signed on 25 June 1998 in the Danish city of Aarhus.
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Ahmadiyya
Ahmadiyya, officially the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at (AMJ) is an Islamic messianic movement originating in British India in the late 19th century. It was founded by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835–1908), who said he had been divinely appointed as both the Promised Mahdi (Guided One) and Messiah expected by Muslims to appear towards the end times and bring about, by peaceful means, the final triumph of Islam; as well as to embody, in this capacity, the expected eschatological figure of other major religious traditions.
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Ales Bialiatski
Ales Viktaravich Bialiatski (Aleś Viktaravič Bialacki; born 25 September 1962) is a Belarusian pro-democracy activist and prisoner of conscience known for his work with the Viasna Human Rights Centre.
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Alexander Lukashenko
Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko (also transliterated as Alyaksandr Ryhoravich Lukashenka; born 30 August 1954) is a Belarusian politician who has been the president of Belarus since the office's establishment in 1994, currently the longest in Europe.
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All-National TV
All-National Television (Общенациональное телевидение, Obshchenatsional'noe Televidenie, ONT; Агульнанацыянальнае тэлебачанне, Ahuľnanacyjanaľnaje teliebačannie, ANT) is Belarus's second state-owned television station.
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Alyaksandr Kazulin
Alyaksandr Kazulin (Аляксандр Уладзіслававіч Казулін, Александр Владиславович Козулин, born 25 November 1955 in Minsk) is the former leader of the Belarusian Social Democratic Party and one of the candidates who ran for the office of President of Belarus on 19 March 2006.
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American Bar Association
The American Bar Association (ABA) is a voluntary bar association of lawyers and law students; it is not specific to any jurisdiction in the United States.
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Amerikanka
The Pre-Trial Detention Centre of the KGB of Belarus (translit; translit, СИЗО КГБ, SIZO KGB, also informally called Amerikanka (lit; Американка) is a pre-trial prison in the centre of Minsk, operated by the KGB of Belarus. The prison is used for detaining persons against whom investigation is being carried out by the KGB of Belarus, in particular, in cases where state interests are involved.
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Amnesty International
Amnesty International (also referred to as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom.
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Anatol Krasouski
Anatol Sciapanavič Krasouski (Анатоль Сцяпанавіч Красоўскі, Анатолий Степанович Красовский, 12 May 1952 – disappeared 16 September 1999) was a Belarusian businessman, teacher, and opposition politician.
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Andrei Kim
Andrei Kim (Андрэй Кім, born February 26, 1986, in Minsk, Byelorussian SSR, Soviet Union) is a Belarusian youth and Christian social activist sentenced to 1.5 years imprisonment and considered by many as political prisoner.
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Andrei Sannikov
Andrei Olegovich Sannikov (or Andrei Sannikau, Андрэй Алегавіч Саннікаў, Андрей Олегович Санников, born 8 March 1954) is a Belarusian politician and activist.
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Anti-Romani sentiment
Anti-Romani sentiment (also called antigypsyism, anti-Romanyism, antiziganism, or Romaphobia) is a form of bigotry which consists of hostility, prejudice, discrimination, racism and xenophobia which is specifically directed at Romani people (Roma, Sinti, Iberian Kale, Welsh Kale, Finnish Kale, Horahane Roma, and Romanichal).
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Antisemitism
Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against, Jews.
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Arbitrary arrest and detention
Arbitrary arrest and arbitrary detention is the arrest or detention of an individual in a case in which there is no likelihood or evidence that they committed a crime against legal statute, or in which there has been no proper due process of law or order.
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Associated Press
The Associated Press (AP) is an American not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.
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Aum Shinrikyo
, better known by their former name, is a Japanese new religious movement and doomsday cult founded by Shoko Asahara in 1987.
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Babruysk
Babruysk or Bobruysk (Babrujsk,; Бобруйск,; Bobroysk) is a city in Mogilev Region, Belarus.
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Baptists
Baptists form a major branch of evangelicalism distinguished by baptizing only professing Christian believers (believer's baptism) and doing so by complete immersion.
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BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.
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Belarus
Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe.
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Belarus Solidarity Foundation
Belarus Solidarity Foundation BYSOL is a non-profit organization established on August 14, 2020, as a response to violence that happened in Belarus after the 2020 Belarusian presidential election.
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Belarus Today
Belarus Today (italic) is a state run publisher in Belarus; it controls numerous media entities such as their current namesake publication Belarus Today.
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Belarusian Association of Journalists
The Belarusian Association of Journalists (BAJ) (Biełaruskaja Asacyjacyja Žurnalistaǔ; Белорусская ассоциация журналистов) is a Belarusian professional association of journalists from independent media, created in 1995 to protect freedom of speech, freedom of information, promote the professional standards of journalism, conduct monitoring of Belarusian press, and offer legal support to all media workers.
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Belarusian Christian Democracy
The Belarusian Christian Democracy (Bielaruskaja chryścijanskaja demakratyja; Belorusskaya khristianskaya demokratiya; BCD or BKhD) is a Christian-democratic political party in Belarus, established in 2005, which claims to be the continuation of a identically named movement, which existed at the beginning of the 20th century.
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Belarusian diaspora
The Belarusian diaspora (Biełaruskaja dyjaspara) refers to emigrants from the territory of Belarus as well as to their descendants.
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Belarusian Helsinki Committee
The Belarusian Helsinki Committee (BHC) is a non-governmental human rights organization established in 1995 and in 2007 was the sole remaining independent human rights group in Belarus, apart from Viasna Human Rights Centre.
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Belarusian language
Belarusian (label) is an East Slavic language.
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Belarusian opposition
The Belarusian opposition consists of groups and individuals in Belarus seeking to challenge, from 1988 to 1991, the authorities of Soviet Belarus, and since 1995, the leader of the country Alexander Lukashenko (allied with Vladimir Putin), whom supporters of the movement often consider to be a dictator.
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Belarusian Orthodox Church
The Belarusian Orthodox Church (BOC; translit, translit) is the official name of the exarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church in Belarus.
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Belarusian Popular Front
The Belarusian Popular Front "Revival" (BPF, Беларускі Народны Фронт "Адраджэньне", БНФ; Biełaruski Narodny Front "Adradžeńnie", BNF) was a social and political movement in Belarus in the late 1980s and 1990s whose goals were national revival of Belarus, its democratization and independence from the Soviet Union.
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Belarusian Railway
Belarusian Railway (BCh) (Беларуская чыгунка (БЧ) / Biełaruskaja čyhunka, Белорусская железная дорога) is the national state-owned railway company of Belarus.
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Belarusian ruble
The ruble, rouble or rubel (rubieĺ, rubl'; abbreviation: руб or р. in Cyrillic, Rbl in Latin (plural: Rbls); ISO code: BYN) is the currency of Belarus.
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Belarusian State University
Belarusian State University (BSU) (Bělaruski dzäržáwny univěrsitet,; Белору́сский госуда́рственный университе́т/Bělorusskij gosudarstvěnný univěrsitět) is a university in Minsk, Belarus.
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Belarusian Steel Works
OJSC Belarusian Steel Works (Russian: ОАО Белорусский металлургический завод,, "БМЗ", BMZ) is a Belarusian company operating in the steel industry, centred in Zhlobin, Gomel Region.
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Belneftekhim
Belneftekhim (full name: Belarusian state concern for oil and chemistry; Белнефтехим, Белорусский государственный концерн по нефти и химии; Белнафтахім — Беларускі дзяржаўны канцэрн па нафце і хіміі) is an association of petrochemical companies in Belarus, subordinated to the Council of Ministers.
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Belsat TV
Belsat (Белсат; Biełsat; stylised as B☰LSAT) is a Polish free-to-air terrestrial and satellite television channel aimed at Belarus.
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BPF Party
The BPF Party (Partyja BNF; Partiya BNF) is a banned political party in Belarus.
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Capital punishment
Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty and formerly called judicial homicide, is the state-sanctioned killing of a person as punishment for actual or supposed misconduct.
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Catherine Ashton
Catherine Margaret Ashton, Baroness Ashton of Upholland, (born 20 March 1956) is a British Labour politician who served as the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and First Vice President of the European Commission in the Barroso Commission from 2009 to 2014.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.
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Caucasus
The Caucasus or Caucasia, is a transcontinental region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia.
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Censorship in Belarus
Censorship in Belarus, although prohibited by the country's constitution, is enforced by a number of laws.
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Charismatic movement
The charismatic movement in Christianity is a movement within established or mainstream Christian denominations to adopt beliefs and practices of Charismatic Christianity, with an emphasis on baptism with the Holy Spirit, and the use of spiritual gifts (charismata).
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Charter 97
Charter'97 (Хартыя'97; Хартия'97) is a declaration calling for democracy in Belarus and a pro-human rights online news outlet taking its inspiration from the declaration.
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Chechnya
Chechnya, officially the Chechen Republic, is a republic of Russia.
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Communist Party of Belarus
The Communist Party of Belarus (CPB; Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Belarusi; Kamunistyčnaja Partyja Bielarusi) is a communist and Marxist–Leninist political party in Belarus.
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Condoleezza Rice
Condoleezza Rice (born November 14, 1954) is an American diplomat and political scientist who is the current director of the Hoover Institution at Stanford University.
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Condom
A condom is a sheath-shaped barrier device used during sexual intercourse to reduce the probability of pregnancy or a sexually transmitted infection (STI).
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Conviction rate
The conviction rate, expressed as a percentage, represents the proportion of cases resulting in a legal declaration of guilt for an offense, against the total number of trials completed.
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Council of Europe
The Council of Europe (CoE; Conseil de l'Europe, CdE) is an international organisation with the goal of upholding human rights, democracy and the rule of law in Europe.
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Current Time TV
Current Time TV is a Russian-language television channel with editorial office in Prague, created by the US organisations Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty and Voice of America.
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Darya Chultsova
Darya Chultsova (Belarusian: Дар’я Дзмітрыеўна Чульцова, Russian: Дарья Дмитриевна Чульцова) (born on 20 February 1997, in Shklow, Mogilev Region, Belarus) is a journalist from Belarus.
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Day of Solidarity with Belarus
A Day of Solidarity with Belarus (Dzień našaj salidarnasci) is an action proposed by the Belarusian journalist Iryna Khalip, supported by the civic initiative We Remember and the Zubr movement.
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Deutsche Welle
("German Wave"), commonly shortened to DW, is a German public, state-owned international broadcaster funded by the German federal tax budget.
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Dmitri Pavlichenko
Dmitri Valeriyevich Pavlichenko (Дзьмітры Валер'евіч Паўлічэнка, Дмитрий Валерьевич Павличенко; alternative spellings: Dmitry, Dzmitry, Dzmitri, Vasilyevich, Pavliuchenko, Pawliuchenka; born 1966 in Vitebsk) is head of the Belarusian Special Rapid Reaction Unit (SOBR).
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Dzmitry Zavadski
Dmitry Alexandrovich Zavadsky (Дми́трий Алекса́ндрович Зава́дский) or Dzmitry Aliaksandravich Zavadski (Дзмітрый Аляксандравіч Завадскі; 28 August 1972 – declared dead 3 December 2003) was a Belarusian journalist who disappeared and was presumably murdered in 2000.
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Easter
Easter, also called Pascha (Aramaic, Greek, Latin) or Resurrection Sunday, is a Christian festival and cultural holiday commemorating the resurrection of Jesus from the dead, described in the New Testament as having occurred on the third day of his burial following his crucifixion by the Romans at Calvary.
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Eastern Orthodox Church
The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, and also called the Greek Orthodox Church or simply the Orthodox Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 230 million baptised members.
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Eduard Palčys
Eduard Palčys (b. 1990) is a Belarusian activist and political prisoner.
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Electoral fraud
Electoral fraud, sometimes referred to as election manipulation, voter fraud, or vote rigging, involves illegal interference with the process of an election, either by increasing the vote share of a favored candidate, depressing the vote share of rival candidates, or both.
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Electric chair
The electric chair is a specialized device used for capital punishment through electrocution.
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Enforced disappearance
An enforced disappearance (or forced disappearance) is the secret abduction or imprisonment of a person with the support or acquiescence of a state followed by a refusal to acknowledge the person's fate or whereabouts with the intent of placing the victim outside the protection of the law.
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Espionage
Espionage, spying, or intelligence gathering is the act of obtaining secret or confidential information (intelligence).
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Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
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European Humanities University
European Humanities University (translit (ЕГУ/EHU), Europos humanitarinis universitetas (EHU), Европейский гуманитарный университет (ЕГУ/EGU)) is a private, non-profit liberal arts university founded in Minsk, Belarus, in 1992.
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European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe.
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FC Minsk (women)
ZFK Minsk is a Belarusian women's football team based in Minsk.
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Forum 18
Forum 18 is a Norwegian human rights organization that promotes religious freedom.
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Francišak Skaryna Belarusian Language Society
The Francišak Skaryna Belarusian Language Society (Tavarystva bielaruskaj movy imia Franciška Skaryny, TBM) is an association in Belarus.
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Freedom House
Freedom House is a non-profit organization based in Washington, D.C. It is best known for political advocacy surrounding issues of democracy, political freedom, and human rights.
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Freedom in the World
Freedom in the World is a yearly survey and report by the U.S.-based non-governmental organization Freedom House that measures the degree of civil liberties and political rights in every nation and significant related and disputed territories around the world.
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Freedom of assembly
Freedom of peaceful assembly, sometimes used interchangeably with the freedom of association, is the individual right or ability of people to come together and collectively express, promote, pursue, and defend their collective or shared ideas.
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Freedom of speech
Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or legal sanction.
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Freedom of the Press (report)
Freedom of the Press was an annual report on media independence around the world, published between 1980 and 2017 by US-based non-governmental organization Freedom House.
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Full Gospel
The term Full Gospel or Fourfold Gospel is an evangelical doctrine that summarizes the Gospel in four aspects, namely the salvation, sanctification, faith healing and Second Coming of Christ.
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GayBelarus - LGBT Human Rights Project
The Belarusian LGBT Human Rights Project GayBelarus is a national youth civic association.
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Geneva
Geneva (Genève)Genf; Ginevra; Genevra.
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Georgia (country)
Georgia is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and West Asia.
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Global Rights Index
The Global Rights Index is a world-wide assessment of trade union and human rights by country.
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God
In monotheistic belief systems, God is usually viewed as the supreme being, creator, and principal object of faith.
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Government of Belarus
The Government of the Republic of Belarus (Urad Respubliki Byelarus), which consists of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus, is the executive branch of state power in Belarus, and is appointed by the President of Belarus.
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Grand strategy
Grand strategy or high strategy is a state's strategy of how means (military and nonmilitary) can be used to advance and achieve national interests in the long-term.
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Greek Catholic Church
Greek Catholic Church may refer to.
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Grodno
Grodno (Гродно; Grodno) or Hrodna (Гродна) is a city in western Belarus.
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Grodno Azot
Grodno Azot (''Belarusian'' «Гро́дна Азо́т») is an open joint-stock company, Belarusian state-run producer of nitrogen compounds and fertilizers located in Grodno, Belarus.
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Grodno Region
Grodno Region or Hrodna Region, also known as Grodno Oblast or Hrodna Voblasts (Hrodzienskaja voblasć; Grodnenskaya oblast; Obwód Grodzieński), is one of the regions of Belarus.
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Hillary Clinton
Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (Rodham; born October 26, 1947) is an American politician and diplomat who served as the 67th United States secretary of state in the administration of Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013, as a U.S. senator representing New York from 2001 to 2009, and as the first lady of the United States to former president Bill Clinton from 1993 to 2001.
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Homosexuality
Homosexuality is sexual attraction, romantic attraction, or sexual behavior between members of the same sex or gender.
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Hostages Convention
The Hostages Convention (formally the International Convention against the Taking of Hostages) is a United Nations treaty by which states agree to prohibit and punish hostage taking.
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Human rights group
A human rights group, or human rights organization, is a non-governmental organization which advocates for human rights through identification of their violation, collecting incident data, its analysis and publication, promotion of public awareness while conducting institutional advocacy, and lobbying to halt these violations.
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Human rights in the United States
In the United States, human rights comprise a series of rights which are legally protected by the Constitution of the United States (particularly the Bill of Rights), state constitutions, treaty and customary international law, legislation enacted by Congress and state legislatures, and state referendums and citizen's initiatives. Human rights in Belarus and human rights in the United States are human rights by country.
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According to numerous publications citing witnesses and victims of the suppression of the 2020 Belarusian protests, the events were accompanied by extreme police violence and systematic violations of human rights on all stages of a detention process, including the widespread employment of excessive force and torture, medical assistance denial and rape.
Human Rights Watch
Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization headquartered in New York City that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.
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Human sacrifice
Human sacrifice is the act of killing one or more humans as part of a ritual, which is usually intended to please or appease gods, a human ruler, public or jurisdictional demands for justice by capital punishment, an authoritative/priestly figure or spirits of dead ancestors or as a retainer sacrifice, wherein a monarch's servants are killed in order for them to continue to serve their master in the next life.
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Illia Salei
Illia Salei (born 30 August 1991) is a Belarusian lawyer and pro-democracy activist, member of Viktar Babaryka's team and presidential campaign office at time of the 2020 Belarusian presidential election.
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Index of Economic Freedom
The Index of Economic Freedom is an annual index and ranking created in 1995 by The Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal to measure the degree of economic freedom in the world's nations.
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International Federation for Human Rights
The International Federation for Human Rights (Fédération internationale pour les droits humains; FIDH) is a non-governmental federation for human rights organizations.
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International Labour Organization
The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice by setting international labour standards.
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International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA) is a LGBTQ+ rights organization.
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International PEN centres
PEN centres are the federated members of PEN International.
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International Trade Union Confederation
The International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) is the world's largest trade union federation.
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Iryna Khalip
Iryna Uladzimirawna Khalip (Iрына Уладзіміраўна Халiп, translit; born November 12, 1967) is a Belarusian journalist, reporter and editor in the Minsk bureau of Novaya Gazeta, known for her criticism of Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko.
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Israel
Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Southern Levant, West Asia.
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Jeans Revolution
The Jeans Revolution (Джынсавая рэвалюцыя, transliteration: Džynsavaja revalucyja, translit) was a term used by Belarus' democratic opposition to describe their protests following the 2006 Belarusian presidential election.
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Katsyaryna Andreeva
Katsyaryna Andreeva (Кацярына Андрэева; Катерина Андреева; real name: Katsyaryna Andreevna Bakhvalava; Кацярына Андрэеўна Бахвалава; born November 2, 1993) is a Belarusian journalist.
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Kmara
Kmara (კმარა) was a civic youth resistance movement in Georgia, active in the protests prior to and during the November 2003 Rose Revolution, which toppled down the government of Eduard Shevardnadze.
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Kolkhoz
A kolkhoz (p) was a form of collective farm in the Soviet Union.
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Labour law
Labour laws (also spelled as labor laws), labour code or employment laws are those that mediate the relationship between workers, employing entities, trade unions, and the government.
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LGBT pride
LGBT pride (also known as gay pride or simply pride) is the promotion of the self-affirmation, dignity, equality, and increased visibility of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people as a social group.
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LGBT rights by country or territory
Rights affecting lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people vary greatly by country or jurisdiction—encompassing everything from the legal recognition of same-sex marriage to the death penalty for homosexuality.
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Lidia Yermoshina
Lidia Mikhaylovna Yermoshina (translit; Лидия Михайловна Ермошина; born 29 January 1953) is a Belarusian politician.
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Lipka Tatars
The Lipka Tatars (Lipka – refers to Lithuania, also known as Lipkas, Lithuanian Tatars; later also – Polish Tatars, Polish–Lithuanian Tatars, Belarusian Tatars, Lipkowie, Lipcani, Muślimi, Lietuvos totoriai) are a Turkic ethnic group who originally settled in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at the beginning of the 14th century.
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This is a list of people who died (were killed or died in unknown circumstances, or because of ill-treatment during detainment or in prisons) as a result of the 2020 Belarusian protests, before, during, and after the 2020 presidential elections.
See Human rights in Belarus and List of deaths related to the 2020 Belarusian protests
List of freedom indices
This article is a list of freedom indices produced by several non-governmental organizations that publish and maintain assessments of the state of freedom in the world, according to their own various definitions of the term, and rank countries as being free, partly free, or using various measures of freedom, including civil liberties, political rights and economic rights.
See Human rights in Belarus and List of freedom indices
List of people and organizations sanctioned in relation to human rights violations in Belarus
Since the 1990s, Belarus has been actively criticized by the United States, the European Union, the OSCE and the United Nations for human rights violations and electoral fraud.
Lists of political office-holders in Belarus
These are comprehensive chronological lists of political office-holders in Belarus Belarus since its first independence, in 1918, including its presidents both before and after the Soviet era, and the Soviet leaders themselves, who, unlike the Presidents, were not formal Heads of State.
See Human rights in Belarus and Lists of political office-holders in Belarus
Mahutny Boža (Almighty God)
"Mahutny Boža" (also translated as "Almighty God") is a famous Belarusian hymn, based on a poem by Natallia Arsiennieva and music by Mikola Ravienski.
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Maria Kalesnikava
Maria Kalesnikava (Marya Alyaksandrauna Kalesnikava,,; Maria Aleksandrovna Kolesnikova, Russian: Мария Александровна Колесникова,; born 24 April 1982) is a Belarusian professional flautist and political activist.
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Marina Dubina
Marina Dubina is a Belarusian environmentalist and human rights lawyer, and serves as the executive director of the NGO Ecohome.
See Human rights in Belarus and Marina Dubina
Maxim Znak
Maxim Aliaksandravič Znak (born 4 September 1981) is a Belarusian lawyer and politician, part of Viktar Babaryka's team, lawyer of Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, and a member of the presidium of the Coordination Council formed during the 2020–21 Belarusian protests in opposition to the rule of Alexander Lukashenko.
See Human rights in Belarus and Maxim Znak
Mazyr
Mazyr or Mozyr (Мазыр,; Мозырь,; Mozyrz; מאזיר) is a city in Gomel Region, Belarus.
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Meduza
Meduza (Russian: Медуза, named after the Greek goddess Medusa) is a Russian- and English-language independent news website, headquartered in Riga, Latvia.
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Mikalay Autukhovich
Mikalay Autukhovich (Мікалай Аўтуховіч, born 7 January 1963) is a Belarusian businessman and political dissident who has twice been imprisoned by the government of Belarus.
See Human rights in Belarus and Mikalay Autukhovich
Mikola Statkevich
Mikola Viktaravich Statkevich (Мікола Віктаравіч Статкевіч, translit; born 12 August 1956 – disappeared 9 February 2023) is a Belarusian lieutenant colonel, politician, and opposition leader who was a presidential candidate at the 2010 Belarusian presidential election.
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Militsiya (Belarus)
The Militsiya of the Republic of Belarus (Міліцыя Рэспублікi Беларусь, Милиция Республики Беларусь) is a law enforcement agency in Belarus responsible for regular policing duties in the country.
See Human rights in Belarus and Militsiya (Belarus)
Ministry of Internal Affairs (Belarus)
The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Belarus (Міністэрства ўнутраныхспраў Рэспублікі Беларусь; Министерство внутреннихдел Республики Беларусь), abbreviated МUS (МУС) in Belarusian and MVD (МВД) in Russian, is a body of the Belarusian Government that is charged with the internal affairs of Belarus.
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Ministry of Justice (Belarus)
The Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Belarus (Belarusian: Міністэрства юстыцыі Рэспублікі Беларусь) is a Belarusian government agency that is charged with the administering and enforcing the justice system of Belarus.
See Human rights in Belarus and Ministry of Justice (Belarus)
Minsk
Minsk (Мінск,; Минск) is the capital and the largest city of Belarus, located on the Svislach and the now subterranean Niamiha rivers.
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Minsk Region
Minsk Region, also known as Minsk Oblast or Minsk Voblasts (Minskaja voblasć,; Minskaya oblast), is one of the six regions of Belarus.
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Mogilev
Mogilev, also transliterated as Mahilyow (Mahilioŭ,; Mogilyov,; Mogilev), is a city in eastern Belarus.
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Moonbow
A moonbow (also known as a moon rainbow or lunar rainbow) is a rainbow produced by moonlight rather than direct sunlight.
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Mova Nanova
Mova Nanova (Мова Нанова, Mova Nanova, literally, “language anew”) is a Belarusian course that has taken place in Minsk, the capital of Belarus, since January 13, 2014.
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Multistorey car park
A multistorey car park (Commonwealth English) or parking garage (American English), also called a multistorey, parking building, parking structure, parkade (mainly Canadian), parking ramp, parking deck, or indoor parking, is a building designed for car, motorcycle, and bicycle parking in which parking takes place on more than one floor or level.
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Muslims
Muslims (God) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition.
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Nasha Niva
Nasha Niva (Naša Niva, lit. "Our field") is one of the oldest Belarusian weekly newspapers, founded in 1906 and re-established in 1991.
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Natalya Radina
Natalya Radina (born 3 May 1979), also known as Natalya Radzina, is a Belarusian journalist and the editor-in-chief of the independent news site Charter 97, which publishes many articles critical of the regime of Belarusian president Aleksandr Lukashenko.
See Human rights in Belarus and Natalya Radina
National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus
The National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus (Nacyjanalny schod Respubliki Bielaruś; Natsionalnoye sobran'ye Respubliki Belarus') is the bicameral parliament of Belarus.
See Human rights in Belarus and National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus
Nexta
Nexta (pronounced niekh-ta) is a Belarusian media outlet that is primarily distributed through Telegram and YouTube channels.
See Human rights in Belarus and Nexta
Nikolay Karpenkov
Mikalai Mikalayevič Karpiankou (Мікалай Мікалаевіч Карпянкоў, Николай Николаевич Карпенков, Nikolay Nikolayevich Karpenkov, born on 6 September 1968 in Minsk) is a state security official of the government of Alexander Lukashenko in Belarus.
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Nobel Prize in Literature
The Nobel Prize in Literature (here meaning for literature; Nobelpriset i litteratur) is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, "in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction" (original den som inom litteraturen har producerat det utmärktaste i idealisk riktning).
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Non-denominational
A non-denominational person or organization is one that does not follow (or is not restricted to) any particular or specific religious denomination.
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Non-governmental organization
A non-governmental organization (NGO) (see spelling differences) is an organization that generally is formed independent from government.
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Okrestina
Okrestina Detention Centre, Akrestsina Detention Centre, officially, the Criminal Detention Centre of the Minsk Executive Committee’s Main Internal Affairs Directorate (Цэнтра ізаляцыі правапарушальнікаў ГУУС Мінгарвыканкама, Центр изоляции правонарушителей ГУВД Мингорисполкома), is a pre-trial detention centre in Minsk, Belarus.
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Oleg Belokonev
Major General Oleg Alexeyevich Belokonev (Belarusian: Алег Аляксеевіч Белаконеў, Aleh Belakoneu, Russian: Олег Алексеевич Белоконев; born May 15, 1965) is a Belarusian general who was the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Belarus from 2014 to 2019.
See Human rights in Belarus and Oleg Belokonev
OMON (Belarus)
OMON (translit) or AMAP (translit) is a Belarusian law enforcement force under the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Belarus (MUS).
See Human rights in Belarus and OMON (Belarus)
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is a regional security-oriented intergovernmental organization comprising member states in Europe, North America, and Asia.
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Outposts of tyranny
"Outposts of tyranny" was a term used in 2005 by United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and subsequently by others in the U.S. government to characterize the governments of certain countries as being totalitarian regimes or dictatorships.
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OutRage!
OutRage! was a British political group focused on lesbian and gay rights.
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Over Barrier
Over Barrier (Belarusian: Над Бар'ерам) is a Belarusian committee on protection of prisoners' rights.
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Paul Ponomaryov
Metropolitan Paul (Митрополит Павел, Мітрапаліт Павел, secular name Georgiy Vasilevich Ponomaryov, Георгий Васильевич Пономарёв; born 19 February 1951 in Karaganda) was the Metropolitan of Minsk and Slutsk, the Patriarchal Exarch of All Belarus and the leader of the Belarusian Orthodox Church (an Semi-Autonomous part of the Russian Orthodox Church) from December 2011 to August 2020.
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Paval Sieviaryniec
Paval Sieviaryniec (Павал Севярынец, born December 30, 1976) is a Belarusian journalist and Christian democratic politician and youth leader and one of the founders of the Young Front.
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Pavel Sheremet
Pavel Grigorievich Sheremet (Павел Григорьевич Шеремет, Павел Рыгоравіч Шарамет, 28 November 1971 – 20 July 2016) was a Belarusian-born Russian and Ukrainian journalist who was imprisoned by the government of Belarus in 1997, sparking an international incident between Belarus and Russia.
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PEN International
PEN International (known as International PEN until 2010) is a worldwide association of writers, founded in London in 1921 to promote friendship and intellectual co-operation among writers everywhere.
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Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe.
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Political prisoner
A political prisoner is someone imprisoned for their political activity.
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Political repression
Political repression is the act of a state entity controlling a citizenry by force for political reasons, particularly for the purpose of restricting or preventing the citizenry's ability to take part in the political life of a society, thereby reducing their standing among their fellow citizens.
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Polity data series
The Polity data series is a data series in political science research.
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Pravda
Pravda (a, 'Truth') is a Russian broadsheet newspaper, and was the official newspaper of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, when it was one of the most influential papers in the country with a circulation of 11 million.
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President of Belarus
The president of the Republic of Belarus (Prezident Respubliki Bielaruś; Prezident Respubliki Belarus') is the head of state and head of government of Belarus.
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Propaganda
Propaganda is communication that is primarily used to influence or persuade an audience to further an agenda, which may not be objective and may be selectively presenting facts to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using loaded language to produce an emotional rather than a rational response to the information that is being presented.
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Protestantism
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes justification of sinners through faith alone, the teaching that salvation comes by unmerited divine grace, the priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice.
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Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is an American government-funded international media organization that broadcasts and reports news, information, and analyses to Eastern Europe, Central Asia, the Caucasus, and the Middle East.
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Regime change
Regime change is the partly forcible or coercive replacement of one government regime with another.
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Reporters Without Borders
Reporters Without Borders (RWB; Reporters sans frontières; RSF) is an international non-profit and non-governmental organization focused on safeguarding the right to freedom of information.
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Reuters
Reuters is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters.
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Right to a fair trial
A fair trial is a trial which is "conducted fairly, justly, and with procedural regularity by an impartial judge".
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Riot police
Riot police are police who are organized, deployed, trained or equipped to confront crowds, protests or riots.
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Roman Protasevich
Roman Dmitriyevich Protasevich or Raman Dzmitryevich Pratasevich (born 5 May 1995) is a Belarusian blogger and political activist.
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Romani people in Belarus
Romani people in Belarus (Cyhany Biełarusi;, Byelorusskiy tsygane) are Belarusian citizens of Romani descent.
See Human rights in Belarus and Romani people in Belarus
Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia.
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Russian oligarchs
Russian oligarchs (oligarkhi) are business oligarchs of the former Soviet republics who rapidly accumulated wealth in the 1990s via the Russian privatisation that followed the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
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Russian Orthodox Church
The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; Russkaya pravoslavnaya tserkov', abbreviated as РПЦ), alternatively legally known as the Moscow Patriarchate (Moskovskiy patriarkhat), is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Christian church.
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Ryanair Flight 4978
Ryanair Flight 4978 was a regularly scheduled international passenger flight from Athens International Airport, Greece, to Vilnius Airport, Lithuania, operated by Buzz, a Polish subsidiary of the Irish airline Ryanair.
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Satan
Satan, also known as the Devil, is an entity in Abrahamic religions that seduces humans into sin or falsehood.
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Satire
Satire is a genre of the visual, literary, and performing arts, usually in the form of fiction and less frequently non-fiction, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, often with the intent of exposing or shaming the perceived flaws of individuals, corporations, government, or society itself into improvement.
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Scientology
Scientology is a set of beliefs and practices invented by the American author L. Ron Hubbard, and an associated movement.
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Serfdom
Serfdom was the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism, and similar systems.
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Sergei Tikhanovsky
Sergei Leonidovich Tikhanovsky (Серге́й Леони́дович Тихано́вский), also transliterated as Syarhey Leanidavich Tsikhanouski (Сярге́й Леані́давіч Ціхано́ўскі; born 18 August 1978), is a Belarusian YouTuber, video blogger,, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (15 June 2020).
See Human rights in Belarus and Sergei Tikhanovsky
Slutsk
Slutsk (Sluck; Слуцк; Słuck, Sluckas, Yiddish/Hebrew: סלוצק) is a town in Minsk Region, Belarus.
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Smear campaign
A smear campaign, also referred to as a smear tactic or simply a smear, is an effort to damage or call into question someone's reputation, by propounding negative propaganda.
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Sofia Sapega
Sofia Andreyevna Sapega (Софья Андреевна Сапега; born 10 February 1998) is a Russian student and former political prisoner who was arrested by Belarusian authorities in May 2021 along with Roman Protasevich after their flight Ryanair Flight 4978 was diverted to Minsk due to a false bomb threat.
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Stalinism
Stalinism is the totalitarian means of governing and Marxist–Leninist policies implemented in the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1927 to 1953 by dictator Joseph Stalin.
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Stanislav Shushkevich
Stanislav Stanislavovich Shushkevich (15 December 1934 – 3 May 2022) was a Belarusian politician and scientist.
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State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus
The State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus (KGB RB; Комитет государственной безопасности Республики Беларусь, КГБ РБ; Kamitet dziaržaŭnaj biaspieki Respubliki Belarus', KDB RB) is the national intelligence agency of Belarus.
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State-sponsored terrorism is terrorist violence carried out with the active support of national governments provided to violent non-state actors.
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Streaming television
Streaming television is the digital distribution of television content, such as television series and films, streamed over the Internet.
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Supernatural
Supernatural refers to phenomena or entities that are beyond the laws of nature.
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Supreme Court of Belarus
The Supreme Court of the Republic of Belarus is the highest-tier court inside of Belarus and acts as the final "court of review." Its general tasks include the oversight of lower-tier courts and it can render justice in areas of general civil and criminal law.
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Svetlana Alexievich
Svetlana Alexandrovna Alexievich (born 31 May 1948) is a Belarusian investigative journalist, essayist and oral historian who writes in Russian.
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Sweden
Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe.
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Syarhei Parsyukevich
Syarhei Parsyukevich (Сяргей Парсюкевіч, Siarhiej Parsiukievič; born 14 May 1967, in Vitebsk) is a Belarusian small businessman who was sentenced to 2.5 years of jail and a compensation of 1.5 million Br for protesting against a decree introducing severe limitations for small and medium enterprises.
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Tadeusz Gawin
Tadeusz Gawin (Тадэвуш Гавін; born 3 July 1951 in Łosośno near Hrodna) is a Belarusian Polish journalist and activist.
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Tadeusz Kondrusiewicz
Tadeusz Kondrusiewicz (Tadevuš Kandrusievič/Тадэвуш Кандрусевіч; born 3 January 1946) is a Belarusian prelate of the Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Minsk–Mohilev from 2007 to 2021.
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The Christian Post
The Christian Post is an American non-denominational, conservative, evangelical Christian online newspaper.
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The Economist Democracy Index
The Democracy Index published by the Economist Group is an index measuring the quality of democracy across the world.
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The Jerusalem Post
The Jerusalem Post is an Israeli broadsheet newspaper based in Jerusalem, founded in 1932 during the British Mandate of Palestine by Gershon Agron as The Palestine Post.
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Trade union
A trade union (British English) or labor union (American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers whose purpose is to maintain or improve the conditions of their employment, such as attaining better wages and benefits, improving working conditions, improving safety standards, establishing complaint procedures, developing rules governing status of employees (rules governing promotions, just-cause conditions for termination) and protecting and increasing the bargaining power of workers.
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Tsimafei Dranchuk
Tsimafei Dranchuk (Belarusian: Цімафей Дранчук) is the leader of the unregistered Belarusian prisoners' rights organization Over Barrier.
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Tut.By
Tut.By was an independent news, media and service internet portal, one of the five most popular websites in Belarus in the Russian language, and the most popular news web portal in the country.
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Uladzimir Navumau
Uladzimir Navumau (Уладзімір Навумаў, Владимир Наумов, Vladimir Naumov, also Uladzimir Naumau; born 7 February 1956) is a Belarusian politician accused of human rights violations.
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Uladzimir Nyaklyayew
Uladzimir Prakopavich Nyaklyayew (Уладзі́мір Прако́павіч Някля́еў, Łacinka: Uładzimir Prakopavič Niaklajeŭ; Vladimir Prokofyevich Neklyayev; born 11 July 1946) is a Belarusian poet and writer, and a former head of the public campaign Tell the Truth! ("Гавары праўду!").
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UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; pronounced) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture.
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Union of Councils for Soviet Jews
Union of Councils for Jews in the Former Soviet Union (UCSJ) is a non-governmental organization that reports on the human rights conditions in countries throughout Eastern Europe and Central Asia, exposing hate crimes and assisting communities in need.
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Union of Poles in Belarus
The Union of Poles in Belarus (Związek Polaków na Białorusi, Саюз палякаў Беларусі, Sajuz paliakaŭ Bielarusi) is an organisation located in Belarus.
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Unison
In music, unison is two or more musical parts that sound either the same pitch or pitches separated by intervals of one or more octaves, usually at the same time.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.
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United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.
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United Nations Convention Against Torture
The Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (commonly known as the United Nations Convention Against Torture (UNCAT)) is an international human rights treaty under the review of the United Nations that aims to prevent torture and other acts of cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment around the world.
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United Nations Human Rights Council
The United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) is a United Nations body whose mission is to promote and protect human rights around the world.
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United States
The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.
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United States Department of State
The United States Department of State (DOS), or simply the State Department, is an executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy and relations.
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United States Secretary of State
The United States secretary of state (SecState) is a member of the executive branch of the federal government and the head of the Department of State.
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United States Senate
The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress.
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United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations
The United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations is a standing committee of the U.S. Senate charged with leading foreign-policy legislation and debate in the Senate.
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Viasna Human Rights Centre
The Viasna Human Rights Centre (Pravaabarončy centr «Viasna») is a human rights organization based in Minsk, Belarus.
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Viktar Čajčyc
Viktar Čajčyc (also known as Viktar Chaichyts; born 24 August 1960) is a Belarusian lawyer and politician.
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Viktar Babaryka
Viktar Dzmitryevich Babaryka (Віктар Дзмітрыевіч Бабарыка or Viktor Dmitryevich Babariko; born 9 November 1963 – disappeared 28 April 2023) is a Belarusian banker, philanthropist, public and opposition political figure who intended to become a candidate in the 2020 Belarusian presidential election.
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Viktar Hanchar
Viktar Hanchar, or Viktar Hančar (Віктар Ганчар, Виктор Гончар, Viktor Gonchar, September 7, 1957 – disappeared September 16, 1999) was a Belarusian politician who disappeared and was presumably murdered in 1999.
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Viktor Sheiman
Viktor Vladimirovich Sheiman (translit, translit; born 26 May 1958) is a Belarusian politician.
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Vladimir Putin
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who is the president of Russia.
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Vladlena Funk
Vladlena Funk (Владлена Функ; born 1977) is a former Russian-American freelance reporter, who was held captive by the Belarusian KGB for over a year in a high-profile US-Belarus hostage crisis, together with American lawyer Emanuel Zeltser, who was head of the American Russian Law Institute, a non-for-profit non-governmental public policy research and advisory organization.
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We Remember Foundation
The We Remember Foundation (translit, translit) is a non-profit organisation established in 2004 with the mission of bringing officials of the Government of Belarus to justice for the disappearances and murders of political opposition leaders and journalists.
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Western world
The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to various nations and states in the regions of Australasia, Western Europe, and Northern America; with some debate as to whether those in Eastern Europe and Latin America also constitute the West.
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World Association of Belarusians
The World Association of Belarusians "Baćkaŭščyna" (lit. "Fatherland") (Belarusian: Згуртаваньне Беларусаў Сьвету "Бацькаўшчына") is an international organisation uniting people of Belarusian descent globally.
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World Health Organization
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health.
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World Jewish Congress
The World Jewish Congress (WJC) was founded in Geneva, Switzerland in August 1936 as an international federation of Jewish communities and organizations.
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World Press Freedom Index
The World Press Freedom Index (WPFI) is an annual ranking of countries compiled and published by Reporters Without Borders (RSF) since 2002 based upon the organization's own assessment of the countries' press freedom records in the previous year.
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The World Socialist Web Site (WSWS) is the website of the International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI).
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World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
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Yuras Zyankovich
Yuri Leonidovich Zenkovich (Юрась (Юрый) Леанідавіч Зянковіч; born 31 October 1977, Minsk) is a Belarusian opposition politician, journalist and American lawyer.
See Human rights in Belarus and Yuras Zyankovich
Yury Bandazhevsky
Yury Bandazhevsky (Юрый Бандажэўскі / Juryj Bandažeŭski, Юрий Иванович Бандажевский / Yuri Ivanovich Bandazhevski; born January 9, 1957, in Belarus), former director of the Medical Institute in Gomel (Belarus), is a scientist working on consequences of the Chernobyl disaster.
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Yury Zacharanka
Colonel Yury Mikalevich Zakharanka (Юрый Мікалаевіч Захаранка; translit; 1 January 1952 – disappeared 9 May 1999) was a Belarusian military officer, politician, and pro-democracy activist who served as Minister of Internal Affairs from 1994 to 1995.
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Zmitser Dashkevich
Dmitry "Zmitser" Vyachaslavavich Dashkevich (Дзмі́трый «Змі́цер» Вячасла́вавіч Дашке́віч; Дми́трий Вячесла́вович Дашке́вич; born July 20, 1981, in Yelsk District, Gomel Region) is a Belarusian politician and former leader of the unregistered youth opposition movement Young Front (from 2004 to 2017).
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Zubr (political organization)
Zubr (ЗУБР) was a civic youth organization of the Belarusian opposition, formerly active in protests against President Alexander Lukashenko.
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2001 Belarusian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Belarus on 9 September 2001.
See Human rights in Belarus and 2001 Belarusian presidential election
2006 Belarusian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Belarus on 19 March 2006.
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2010 Belarusian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Belarus on 19 December 2010.
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2020 Belarusian presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Belarus on Sunday, 9 August 2020.
See Human rights in Belarus and 2020 Belarusian presidential election
2020–2021 Belarusian protests
The 2020–2021 Belarusian protests were a series of mass political demonstrations and protests against the Belarusian government and President Alexander Lukashenko.
See Human rights in Belarus and 2020–2021 Belarusian protests
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Belarus
Also known as 2206v1900, Antisemitism in Belarus, Antiziganism in Belarus, Ethnic discrimination in Belarus, Europe's last dictatorship, Freedom of association in Belarus, Freedom of the press in Belarus, Political dissidents in Belarus, Political prisoners in Belarus, Press freedom in Belarus, Racism in Belarus, Social issues in Belarus.
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