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Humanin, the Glossary

Index Humanin

Humanin is a micropeptide encoded in the mitochondrial genome by the 16S ribosomal RNA gene, MT-RNR2.[1]

Table of Contents

  1. 36 relations: Aging Cell, Alpha helix, Alzheimer's disease, Amyloid beta, Apoptosis, Apoptosis regulator BAX, Autophagy, Brown rat, Caenorhabditis elegans, Chaperone-mediated autophagy, Ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor, Complementary DNA, Conserved sequence, Cytokine, Formyl peptide receptor 2, Frontiers in Endocrinology, Glycoprotein 130, Huntington's disease, IGFBP3, Interleukin-27 receptor, Journal of Clinical Investigation, Laboratory rat, Micropeptide, MT-RNR2, Naked mole-rat, Nematode, Nuclear mitochondrial DNA segment, Pinchas Cohen, Pseudogene, Small humanin-like peptide, Stroke, Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, TRIM11, Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, 16S ribosomal RNA.

  2. Human mitochondrial genes
  3. Huntington's disease
  4. Neuroprotective agents
  5. Stroke

Aging Cell

Aging Cell is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal and an official journal of the Anatomical Society.

See Humanin and Aging Cell

Alpha helix

An alpha helix (or α-helix) is a sequence of amino acids in a protein that are twisted into a coil (a helix).

See Humanin and Alpha helix

Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and progressively worsens, and is the cause of 60–70% of cases of dementia.

See Humanin and Alzheimer's disease

Amyloid beta

Amyloid beta (Aβ or Abeta) denotes peptides of 36–43 amino acids that are the main component of the amyloid plaques found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease. Humanin and amyloid beta are Alzheimer's disease and peptides.

See Humanin and Amyloid beta

Apoptosis

Apoptosis (from falling off) is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms and in some eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms such as yeast.

See Humanin and Apoptosis

Apoptosis regulator BAX

Apoptosis regulator BAX, also known as bcl-2-like protein 4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BAX gene.

See Humanin and Apoptosis regulator BAX

Autophagy

Autophagy (or autophagocytosis; from the Ancient Greek αὐτόφαγος,, meaning "self-devouring" and κύτος,, meaning "hollow") is the natural, conserved degradation of the cell that removes unnecessary or dysfunctional components through a lysosome-dependent regulated mechanism.

See Humanin and Autophagy

Brown rat

The brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), also known as the common rat, street rat, sewer rat, wharf rat, Hanover rat, Norway rat and Norwegian rat, is a widespread species of common rat.

See Humanin and Brown rat

Caenorhabditis elegans

Caenorhabditis elegans is a free-living transparent nematode about 1 mm in length that lives in temperate soil environments.

See Humanin and Caenorhabditis elegans

Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) refers to the chaperone-dependent selection of soluble cytosolic proteins that are then targeted to lysosomes and directly translocated across the lysosome membrane for degradation.

See Humanin and Chaperone-mediated autophagy

Ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor

The ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor, also known as CNTFR, binds the ciliary neurotrophic factor.

See Humanin and Ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor

Complementary DNA

In genetics, complementary DNA (cDNA) is DNA that was reverse transcribed (via reverse transcriptase) from an RNA (e.g., messenger RNA or microRNA).

See Humanin and Complementary DNA

Conserved sequence

In evolutionary biology, conserved sequences are identical or similar sequences in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) or proteins across species (orthologous sequences), or within a genome (paralogous sequences), or between donor and receptor taxa (xenologous sequences).

See Humanin and Conserved sequence

Cytokine

Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins (~5–25 kDa) important in cell signaling.

See Humanin and Cytokine

Formyl peptide receptor 2

N-formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) located on the surface of many cell types of various animal species.

See Humanin and Formyl peptide receptor 2

Frontiers in Endocrinology

Frontiers in Endocrinology is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering all aspects of endocrinology in 21 sections.

See Humanin and Frontiers in Endocrinology

Glycoprotein 130

Glycoprotein 130 (also known as gp130, IL6ST, IL6R-beta or CD130) is a transmembrane protein which is the founding member of the class of tall cytokine receptors.

See Humanin and Glycoprotein 130

Huntington's disease

Huntington's disease (HD), also known as Huntington's chorea, is an incurable neurodegenerative disease that is mostly inherited.

See Humanin and Huntington's disease

IGFBP3

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3, also known as IGFBP-3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGFBP3 gene.

See Humanin and IGFBP3

Interleukin-27 receptor

The interleukin-27 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor for interleukin-27.

See Humanin and Interleukin-27 receptor

Journal of Clinical Investigation

The Journal of Clinical Investigation (JCI) is a twice-monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering biomedical research.

See Humanin and Journal of Clinical Investigation

Laboratory rat

Laboratory rats or lab rats are strains of the rat subspecies Rattus norvegicus domestica (Domestic Norwegian rat) which are bred and kept for scientific research.

See Humanin and Laboratory rat

Micropeptide

Micropeptides (also referred to as microproteins) are polypeptides with a length of less than 100-150 amino acids that are encoded by short open reading frames (sORFs).

See Humanin and Micropeptide

MT-RNR2

Mitochondrially encoded 16S RNA (often abbreviated as 16S) is the mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal RNA that in humans is encoded by the MT-RNR2 gene. Humanin and mT-RNR2 are human mitochondrial genes.

See Humanin and MT-RNR2

Naked mole-rat

The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber), also known as the sand puppy, is a burrowing rodent native to the Horn of Africa and parts of Kenya, notably in Somali regions.

See Humanin and Naked mole-rat

Nematode

The nematodes (or; Νηματώδη; Nematoda), roundworms or eelworms constitute the phylum Nematoda.

See Humanin and Nematode

Nuclear mitochondrial DNA segment

Nuclear mitochondrial DNA (NUMT) segments or genetic loci describe a transposition of any type of cytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA into the nuclear genome of eukaryotic organisms.

See Humanin and Nuclear mitochondrial DNA segment

Pinchas Cohen

Pinchas Cohen is the dean of the USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, holds the William and Sylvia Kugel Dean's Chair in Gerontology and serves as the executive director of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center.

See Humanin and Pinchas Cohen

Pseudogene

Pseudogenes are nonfunctional segments of DNA that resemble functional genes.

See Humanin and Pseudogene

Small humanin-like peptide

Small humanin-like peptides (SHLPs) are a group of peptides encoded in the 16S ribosomal RNA region of mitochondrial genome.

See Humanin and Small humanin-like peptide

Stroke

Stroke (also known as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or brain attack) is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain causes cell death.

See Humanin and Stroke

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), also known as prion diseases, are a group of progressive, incurable, and fatal conditions that are associated with prions and affect the brain and nervous system of many animals, including humans, cattle, and sheep.

See Humanin and Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy

TRIM11

Tripartite motif-containing protein 11 is a protein found in humans that is encoded by the TRIM11 gene.

See Humanin and TRIM11

Type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (T1D), formerly known as juvenile diabetes, is an autoimmune disease that originates when cells that make insulin (beta cells) are destroyed by the immune system.

See Humanin and Type 1 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes (T2D), formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin.

See Humanin and Type 2 diabetes

16S ribosomal RNA

16S ribosomal RNA (or 16S rRNA) is the RNA component of the 30S subunit of a prokaryotic ribosome (SSU rRNA).

See Humanin and 16S ribosomal RNA

See also

Human mitochondrial genes

Huntington's disease

Neuroprotective agents

Stroke

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanin