Hypotonic hyponatremia, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 30 relations: Addison's disease, Adrenal insufficiency, Burn, Central pontine myelinolysis, Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome, Chlortalidone, Cirrhosis, Conivaptan, Demeclocycline, Diarrhea, Diuretic, Furosemide, Heart failure, Hematology, Hydrochlorothiazide, Hyponatremia, Hypothyroidism, Kidney, Liver, Nephrotic syndrome, Perspiration, Plasma osmolality, Primary polydipsia, Small-cell carcinoma, Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, Thiazide, Tolvaptan, Urine, Vasopressin, Vomiting.

2. Electrolyte disturbances

Addison's disease

Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, is a rare long-term endocrine disorder characterized by inadequate production of the steroid hormones cortisol and aldosterone by the two outer layers of the cells of the adrenal glands (adrenal cortex), causing adrenal insufficiency.

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Addison's disease

Adrenal insufficiency

Adrenal insufficiency is a condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce adequate amounts of steroid hormones.

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Adrenal insufficiency

Burn

A burn is an injury to skin, or other tissues, caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, friction, or ultraviolet radiation (such as sunburn).

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Burn

Central pontine myelinolysis

Central pontine myelinolysis is a neurological condition involving severe damage to the myelin sheath of nerve cells in the pons (an area of the brainstem). Hypotonic hyponatremia and Central pontine myelinolysis are electrolyte disturbances.

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Central pontine myelinolysis

Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome

Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome (CSWS), also written cerebral salt wasting syndrome, is a rare endocrine condition featuring a low blood sodium concentration and dehydration in response to injury (trauma) or the presence of tumors in or surrounding the brain. Hypotonic hyponatremia and cerebral salt-wasting syndrome are electrolyte disturbances.

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome

Chlortalidone

Chlortalidone, also known as chlorthalidone, is a thiazide-like diuretic drug used to treat high blood pressure, swelling (such as occurs in heart failure, liver failure, and nephrotic syndrome), diabetes insipidus, and renal tubular acidosis.

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Chlortalidone

Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis, also known as liver cirrhosis or hepatic cirrhosis, and end-stage liver disease, is a condition of the liver in which the normal functioning tissue, or parenchyma, is replaced with scar tissue (fibrosis) and regenerative nodules as a result of chronic liver disease.

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Cirrhosis

Conivaptan

Conivaptan, sold under the brand name Vaprisol, is a non-peptide inhibitor of the receptor for anti-diuretic hormone, also called vasopressin.

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Conivaptan

Demeclocycline

Demeclocycline (INN, BAN, USAN, brand name Declomycin) is a tetracycline antibiotic which was derived from a mutant strain of Streptomyces aureofaciens.

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Demeclocycline

Diarrhea

Diarrhea (American English), also spelled diarrhoea or diarrhœa (British English), is the condition of having at least three loose, liquid, or watery bowel movements in a day.

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Diarrhea

Diuretic

A diuretic is any substance that promotes diuresis, the increased production of urine.

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Diuretic

Furosemide

Furosemide is a loop diuretic medication used to treat edema due to heart failure, liver scarring, or kidney disease.

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Furosemide

Heart failure

Heart failure (HF), also known as congestive heart failure (CHF), is a syndrome caused by an impairment in the heart's ability to fill with and pump blood.

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Heart failure

Hematology

Hematology (always spelled haematology in British English) is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to blood.

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Hematology

Hydrochlorothiazide

Hydrochlorothiazide, sold under the brand name Hydrodiuril among others, is a diuretic medication used to treat hypertension and swelling due to fluid build-up.

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Hydrochlorothiazide

Hyponatremia

Hyponatremia or hyponatraemia is a low concentration of sodium in the blood. Hypotonic hyponatremia and Hyponatremia are electrolyte disturbances.

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Hyponatremia

Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism (also called underactive thyroid, low thyroid or hypothyreosis) is a disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones.

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Hypothyroidism

Kidney

In humans, the kidneys are two reddish-brown bean-shaped blood-filtering organs that are a multilobar, multipapillary form of mammalian kidneys, usually without signs of external lobulation.

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Kidney

Liver

The liver is a major metabolic organ exclusively found in vertebrate animals, which performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the synthesis of proteins and various other biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth.

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Liver

Nephrotic syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome is a collection of symptoms due to kidney damage.

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Nephrotic syndrome

Perspiration

Perspiration, also known as sweat, is the fluid secreted by sweat glands in the skin of mammals.

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Perspiration

Plasma osmolality

Plasma osmolality measures the body's electrolyte–water balance.

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Plasma osmolality

Primary polydipsia

Primary polydipsia and psychogenic polydipsia are forms of polydipsia characterised by excessive fluid intake in the absence of physiological stimuli to drink.

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Primary polydipsia

Small-cell carcinoma

Small-cell carcinoma is a type of highly malignant cancer that most commonly arises within the lung, although it can occasionally arise in other body sites, such as the cervix, prostate, and gastrointestinal tract.

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Small-cell carcinoma

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion

The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), also known as the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD), is characterized by a physiologically inappropriate release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) either from the posterior pituitary gland, or an abnormal non-pituitary source.

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion

Thiazide

Thiazide refers to both a class of sulfur-containing organic molecules and a class of diuretics based on the chemical structure of benzothiadiazine.

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Thiazide

Tolvaptan

Tolvaptan, sold under the brand name Samsca among others, is an aquaretic drug that functions as a selective, competitive vasopressin receptor 2 (V2) antagonist used to treat hyponatremia (low blood sodium levels) associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Tolvaptan

Urine

Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many other animals.

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Urine

Vasopressin

Human vasopressin, also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH), arginine vasopressin (AVP) or argipressin, is a hormone synthesized from the AVP gene as a peptide prohormone in neurons in the hypothalamus, and is converted to AVP.

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Vasopressin

Vomiting

Vomiting (also known as emesis and throwing up) is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose.

See Hypotonic hyponatremia and Vomiting

See also

Electrolyte disturbances

• Anion gap
• Artificial tears
• Bicarbonate buffer system
• Central pontine myelinolysis
• Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome
• Contraction alkalosis
• Darrow Yannet diagram
• Dehydration
• Electrolyte exclusion effect
• Electrolyte imbalance
• Exercise-associated hyponatremia
• Fluid balance
• Heat cramps
• Hypercalcaemia
• Hyperchloremia
• Hyperchloremic acidosis
• Hyperkalemia
• Hypermagnesemia
• Hypernatremia
• Hyperphosphatemia
• Hypocalcemia
• Hypochloremia
• Hypokalemia
• Hyponatremia
• Hypophosphatemia
• Hypotonic hyponatremia
• Isotonic hyponatremia
• Milk-alkali syndrome
• Neonatal hypocalcemia
• Osmol gap
• Salt poisoning
• Water intoxication

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypotonic_hyponatremia

Also known as Hypoosmolar hyponatremia.