en.unionpedia.org

Immune response, the Glossary

An immune response is a physiological reaction which occurs within an organism in the context of inflammation for the purpose of defending against exogenous factors.^[1]

63 relations: Adaptive immune system, Allergy, Antibody, Antigen, Antigen-presenting cell, B cell, Bacteria, Basophil, Blood vessel, CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity, Cell signaling, Cell-mediated immunity, Clonal anergy, Complement system, Cytokine, Defence in depth, Dendritic cell, Eosinophil, Epithelium, Ficolin, Fungus, Graft-versus-host disease, Humoral immunity, Hypersensitivity, Immunoglobulin D, Immunoglobulin M, Immunological memory, Infection, Inflammation, Innate immune system, Innate lymphoid cell, Interleukin 8, Interleukin-1 family, Lectin, Lipopolysaccharide, Lymph node, Macrophage, Mannan-binding lectin, Mast cell, Memory B cell, Memory T cell, MHC class II, Monocyte, Mucous membrane, Neutrophil, NF-κB, Opsonin, Parasitic worm, Pathogen-associated molecular pattern, Pattern recognition receptor, ... Expand index (13 more) »

Adaptive immune system

The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune system, or specific immune system is a subsystem of the immune system that is composed of specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate pathogens or prevent their growth. Immune response and adaptive immune system are immune system.

See Immune response and Adaptive immune system

Allergy

Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are various conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment. Immune response and allergy are immune system and immunology.

See Immune response and Allergy

Antibody

An antibody (Ab) is the secreted form of a B cell receptor; the term immunoglobulin (Ig) can refer to either the membrane-bound form or the secreted form of the B cell receptor, but they are, broadly speaking, the same protein, and so the terms are often treated as synonymous. Immune response and antibody are immunology.

See Immune response and Antibody

Antigen

In immunology, an antigen (Ag) is a molecule, moiety, foreign particulate matter, or an allergen, such as pollen, that can bind to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor. Immune response and antigen are immune system.

See Immune response and Antigen

Antigen-presenting cell

An antigen-presenting cell (APC) or accessory cell is a cell that displays an antigen bound by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins on its surface; this process is known as antigen presentation.

See Immune response and Antigen-presenting cell

B cell

B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell of the lymphocyte subtype. Immune response and b cell are immune system and immunology.

See Immune response and B cell

Bacteria

Bacteria (bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell.

See Immune response and Bacteria

Basophil

Basophils are a type of white blood cell.

See Immune response and Basophil

Blood vessel

Blood vessels are the structures of the circulatory system that transport blood throughout the human body.

See Immune response and Blood vessel

CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity

Understanding of the antitumor immunity role of CD4+ T cells has grown substantially since the late 1990s. Immune response and CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity are immunology.

See Immune response and CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity

Cell signaling

In biology, cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) is the process by which a cell interacts with itself, other cells, and the environment.

See Immune response and Cell signaling

Cellular immunity, also known as cell-mediated immunity, is an immune response that does not rely on the production of antibodies. Immune response and cell-mediated immunity are immune system and immunology.

See Immune response and Cell-mediated immunity

Clonal anergy

Anergy, within the realm of immunology, characterizes the absence of a response from the body's defense mechanisms when confronted with foreign substances. Immune response and Clonal anergy are immune system and immunology.

See Immune response and Clonal anergy

Complement system

The complement system, also known as complement cascade, is a part of the humoral, innate immune system and enhances (complements) the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism, promote inflammation, and attack the pathogen's cell membrane. Immune response and complement system are immune system.

See Immune response and Complement system

Cytokine

Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins (~5–25 kDa) important in cell signaling. Immune response and Cytokine are immune system and immunology.

See Immune response and Cytokine

Defence in depth

Defence in depth (also known as deep defence or elastic defence) is a military strategy that seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker, buying time and causing additional casualties by yielding space.

See Immune response and Defence in depth

Dendritic cell

A dendritic cell (DC) is an antigen-presenting cell (also known as an accessory cell) of the mammalian immune system. Immune response and dendritic cell are immunology.

See Immune response and Dendritic cell

Eosinophil

Eosinophils, sometimes called eosinophiles or, less commonly, acidophils, are a variety of white blood cells and one of the immune system components responsible for combating multicellular parasites and certain infections in vertebrates. Along with mast cells and basophils, they also control mechanisms associated with allergy and asthma.

See Immune response and Eosinophil

Epithelium

Epithelium or epithelial tissue is a thin, continuous, protective layer of compactly packed cells with little extracellular matrix.

See Immune response and Epithelium

Ficolin

Ficolins are pattern recognition receptors that bind to acetyl groups present in the carbohydrates of bacterial surfaces and mediate activation of the lectin pathway of the complement cascade.

See Immune response and Ficolin

Fungus

A fungus (fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.

See Immune response and Fungus

Graft-versus-host disease

Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a syndrome, characterized by inflammation in different organs.

See Immune response and Graft-versus-host disease

Humoral immunity

Humoral immunity is the aspect of immunity that is mediated by macromolecules – including secreted antibodies, complement proteins, and certain antimicrobial peptides – located in extracellular fluids. Immune response and Humoral immunity are immunology.

See Immune response and Humoral immunity

Hypersensitivity

Hypersensitivity (also called hypersensitivity reaction or intolerance) is an abnormal physiological condition in which there is an undesirable and adverse immune response to an antigen.

See Immune response and Hypersensitivity

Immunoglobulin D

Immunoglobulin D (IgD) is an antibody isotype that makes up about 1% of proteins in the plasma membranes of immature B-lymphocytes where it is usually co-expressed with another cell surface antibody called IgM.

See Immune response and Immunoglobulin D

Immunoglobulin M

Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is the largest of several isotypes of antibodies (also known as immunoglobulin) that are produced by vertebrates.

See Immune response and Immunoglobulin M

Immunological memory

Immunological memory is the ability of the immune system to quickly and specifically recognize an antigen that the body has previously encountered and initiate a corresponding immune response. Immune response and Immunological memory are immune system.

See Immune response and Immunological memory

Infection

An infection is the invasion of tissues by pathogens, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agent and the toxins they produce.

See Immune response and Infection

Inflammation

Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. Immune response and inflammation are immunology.

See Immune response and Inflammation

Innate immune system

The innate immune system or nonspecific immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies (the other being the adaptive immune system) in vertebrates. Immune response and innate immune system are immune system.

See Immune response and Innate immune system

Innate lymphoid cell

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are the most recently discovered family of innate immune cells, derived from common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs). Immune response and innate lymphoid cell are immune system.

See Immune response and Innate lymphoid cell

Interleukin 8

Interleukin 8 (IL-8 or chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8, CXCL8) is a chemokine produced by macrophages and other cell types such as epithelial cells, airway smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells.

See Immune response and Interleukin 8

Interleukin-1 family

The Interleukin-1 family (IL-1 family) is a group of 11 cytokines that plays a central role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses to infections or sterile insults.

See Immune response and Interleukin-1 family

Lectin

Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that are highly specific for sugar groups that are part of other molecules, so cause agglutination of particular cells or precipitation of glycoconjugates and polysaccharides. Immune response and Lectin are immunology.

See Immune response and Lectin

Lipopolysaccharide

Lipopolysaccharide, now more commonly known as Endotoxin, is a collective term for components of the outermost membrane of cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria, such as E. coli and Salmonella.

See Immune response and Lipopolysaccharide

Lymph node

A lymph node, or lymph gland, is a kidney-shaped organ of the lymphatic system and the adaptive immune system. Immune response and lymph node are immune system.

See Immune response and Lymph node

Macrophage

Macrophages (abbreviated Mφ, MΦ or MP) are a type of white blood cell of the innate immune system that engulf and digest pathogens, such as cancer cells, microbes, cellular debris, and foreign substances, which do not have proteins that are specific to healthy body cells on their surface. Immune response and Macrophage are immune system.

See Immune response and Macrophage

Mannan-binding lectin

Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), also called mannan-binding lectin or mannan-binding protein (MBP), is a lectin that is instrumental in innate immunity as an opsonin and via the lectin pathway. Immune response and mannan-binding lectin are immune system.

See Immune response and Mannan-binding lectin

Mast cell

A mast cell (also known as a mastocyte or a labrocyte) is a resident cell of connective tissue that contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin.

See Immune response and Mast cell

Memory B cell

In immunology, a memory B cell (MBC) is a type of B lymphocyte that forms part of the adaptive immune system. Immune response and memory B cell are immune system and immunology.

See Immune response and Memory B cell

Memory T cell

Memory T cells are a subset of T lymphocytes that might have some of the same functions as memory B cells. Immune response and memory T cell are immune system and immunology.

See Immune response and Memory T cell

MHC class II

MHC Class II molecules are a class of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules normally found only on professional antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, some endothelial cells, thymic epithelial cells, and B cells. Immune response and MHC class II are immune system.

See Immune response and MHC class II

Monocyte

Monocytes are a type of leukocyte or white blood cell. Immune response and Monocyte are immune system.

See Immune response and Monocyte

Mucous membrane

A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body of an organism and covers the surface of internal organs.

See Immune response and Mucous membrane

Neutrophil

Neutrophils (also known as neutrocytes, heterophils or polymorphonuclear leukocytes) are a type of white blood cell.

See Immune response and Neutrophil

NF-κB

Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is a family of transcription factor protein complexes that controls transcription of DNA, cytokine production and cell survival.

See Immune response and NF-κB

Opsonin

Opsonins are extracellular proteins that, when bound to substances or cells, induce phagocytes to phagocytose the substances or cells with the opsonins bound. Immune response and opsonin are immune system.

See Immune response and Opsonin

Parasitic worm

Parasitic worms, also known as helminths, are large macroparasites; adults can generally be seen with the naked eye.

See Immune response and Parasitic worm

Pathogen-associated molecular pattern

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are small molecular motifs conserved within a class of microbes, but not present in the host. Immune response and Pathogen-associated molecular pattern are immune system.

See Immune response and Pathogen-associated molecular pattern

Pattern recognition receptor

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a crucial role in the proper function of the innate immune system. Immune response and Pattern recognition receptor are immune system.

See Immune response and Pattern recognition receptor

Peptidoglycan

Peptidoglycan or murein is a unique large macromolecule, a polysaccharide, consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer (sacculus) that surrounds the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane.

See Immune response and Peptidoglycan

Phagocytosis

Phagocytosis is the process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle (≥ 0.5 μm), giving rise to an internal compartment called the phagosome.

See Immune response and Phagocytosis

Plasma cell

Plasma cells, also called plasma B cells or effector B cells, are white blood cells that originate in the lymphoid organs as B cells and secrete large quantities of proteins called antibodies in response to being presented specific substances called antigens. Immune response and plasma cell are immune system and immunology.

See Immune response and Plasma cell

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_response

Also known as Anamnestic reaction, Anamnestic response, Immune reaction, Immune reactions, Immune responses, Immunological response, Primary immune response, Secondary immune response.

, Peptidoglycan, Phagocytosis, Plasma cell, Protozoa, Rh disease, Skin, T cell, Toxin, Transcription factor, Tumor necrosis factor, Vaccine, Virus, Yeast.

Immune response, the Glossary

Table of Contents

References