Indian National Congress, the Glossary

Table of Contents

1. 597 relations: Aadhaar, Aam Aadmi Party, Abdul Ghaffar Khan, ABP Group, ABP News, Acting prime minister, Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury, Afghanistan–India relations, Ajay Maken, Akbar Road, Aligarh Muslim University, All India Congress Committee, All India Institutes of Medical Sciences, All India Mahila Congress, All-India Muslim League, Allahabad High Court, Allahabad Lok Sabha constituency, Allan Octavian Hume, Amarinder Singh, Ambica Charan Mazumdar, Amethi Lok Sabha constituency, Amritsar, Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council, Annie Besant, Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu, Anugrah Narayan Sinha, Aortic dissection, Arunachal Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly, Asaf Ali, Assam, Assam Legislative Assembly, Assassination of Indira Gandhi, Association for Democratic Reforms, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Avinash Pandey, Badruddin Tyabji, Bahujan Samaj Party, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bangla Congress, Bangladesh National Congress, BBC News, Beant Singh (assassin), Behramji Malabari, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bhanwar Jitendra Singh, Bharatiya Janata Party, Bharatiya Kranti Dal, Bhulabhai Desai, ... Expand index (547 more) »

2. 1885 establishments in India
3. Centrist parties in India
4. Liberal parties in India
5. Member parties of the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance
6. National political parties in India
7. Nationalist parties in India
8. Political parties established in 1885

Aadhaar

Aadhaar (Hindi: आधार,; sometimes informally called UIDAI ID or UIDAI Number) is a 12-digit unique identity number that can be obtained voluntarily by all residents of India, based on their biometrics (10 finger prints, 2 iris prints and photo of face) and demographic data.

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Aam Aadmi Party

The Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) is a political party in India. Indian National Congress and Aam Aadmi Party are Centrist parties in India, member parties of the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance, national political parties in India, nationalist parties in India and political parties in India.

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Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Abdul Ghaffār Khān (6 February 1890 – 20 January 1988), also known as Bacha Khan or Badshah Khan was a Pakistani Pashtun independence activist, and founder of the Khudai Khidmatgar resistance movement against British colonial rule in India.

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ABP Group

ABP Group (Ananda Bazar Patrika) is an Indian media conglomerate headquartered in Kolkata, West Bengal.

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ABP News

ABP News is an Indian Hindi-language free-to-air television news channel owned by ABP Group.

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Acting prime minister

An acting prime minister is a member of a cabinet (often in Westminster system countries) who is serving in the role of prime minister, whilst the individual who normally holds the position is unable to do so.

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Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury

Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury (born 2 April 1956) is an Indian politician who served as the leader of the Indian National Congress in the 17th Lok Sabha and from 2019 to 2024 and the Member of Parliament from Berhampore from 1999 to 2024.

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Afghanistan–India relations

Afghanistan–India relations are the diplomatic relations between India and Afghanistan.

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Ajay Maken

Ajay Maken (born 12 January 1964) is a politician from the Indian National Congress party.

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Akbar Road

Akbar Road is a main road, in central New Delhi, India.

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Aligarh Muslim University

Aligarh Muslim University (abbreviated as AMU) is a public central university in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, which was originally established by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan as the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875.

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All India Congress Committee

The All India Congress Committee (AICC) is the presidium or the central decision-making assembly of the Indian National Congress.

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All India Institutes of Medical Sciences

The All India Institutes of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) is a group of autonomous government public medical universities of higher education under the jurisdiction of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India.

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All India Mahila Congress

All India Mahila Congress (AIMC), also referred to as Mahila Congress, is the women's wing of the Indian National Congress (INC).

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All-India Muslim League

The All-India Muslim League (AIML), simply called the Muslim League, was a political party established in Dhaka in 1906 when some well-known Muslim politicians met the Viceroy of India, Lord Minto, with the goal of securing Muslim interests in British India.

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Allahabad High Court

Allahabad High Court, officially known as High Court of Judicature at Allahabad, is the high court based in the city of Prayagraj, formerly known as Allahabad, that has jurisdiction over the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

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Allahabad Lok Sabha constituency

Allahabad is a Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituency in the Prayagraj district of Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

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Allan Octavian Hume

Allan Octavian Hume, CB ICS (4 June 1829 – 31 July 1912) was a British political reformer, ornithologist, civil servant and botanist who worked in British India and founded the party Indian National Congress.

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Amarinder Singh

Amarinder Singh (born 11 March 1942), is an Indian politician, military historian, former royal and Indian Army veteran who served as the 15th Chief Minister of Punjab.

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Ambica Charan Mazumdar

Ambica Charan Mazumdar (1850 – 19 March 1922) was an Indian Bengali politician who served as the president of the Indian National Congress.

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Amethi Lok Sabha constituency

Amethi is one of the 80 Lok Sabha (lower house of the Indian parliament) constituencies in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

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Amritsar

Amritsar (ISO: Amr̥tasara), historically also known as Rāmdāspur and colloquially as Ambarsar, is the second-largest city in the Indian state of Punjab, after Ludhiana.

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Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly

The Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly (ISO: Āndhra Pradēś Śāsana Sabha) is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of the Indian state, Andhra Pradesh.

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Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council

The Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council or Āndhra Pradēś Śāsana Maṇḍali is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of the Indian state, Andhra Pradesh; the lower house being the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

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Annie Besant

Annie Besant (Wood; 1 October 1847 – 20 September 1933) was a British socialist, theosophist, freemason, women's rights and Home Rule activist, educationist, and campaigner for Indian nationalism.

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Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu

The anti-Hindi-imposition agitations in Tamil Nadu have been ongoing intermittently in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu (formerly Madras State and part of Madras Presidency) since the early 20th century.

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Anugrah Narayan Sinha

Anugrah Narayan Sinha (18 June 1887 – 5 July 1957), known as Bihar Vibhuti, was an Indian nationalist statesman, participant in Champaran Satyagraha, Gandhian & one of the architects of modern Bihar, who was the first Deputy Chief Minister and the Finance Minister of the Indian state of Bihar (1946–1957).

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Aortic dissection

Aortic dissection (AD) occurs when an injury to the innermost layer of the aorta allows blood to flow between the layers of the aortic wall, forcing the layers apart.

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Arunachal Pradesh

Arunachal Pradesh is a state in northeast India.

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Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly

The Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly is the unicameral state legislature of Arunachal Pradesh state in north-eastern India.

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Asaf Ali

Asaf Ali (11 May 1888 – 2 April 1953) was an Indian independence activist and noted lawyer.

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Assam

Assam is a state in northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys.

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Assam Legislative Assembly

The Assam Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Assam.

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Assassination of Indira Gandhi

Indian prime minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated at 9:30 a.m. on 31 October 1984 at her residence in Safdarjung Road, New Delhi.

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Association for Democratic Reforms

Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) is an apolitical non-partisan nonprofit organisation in India, working on electoral and political reforms for over 25 years.

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Atal Bihari Vajpayee

Atal Bihari Vajpayee (25 December 1924 – 16 August 2018) was an Indian politician and poet who served three terms as the Prime Minister of India, first for a term of 13 days in 1996, then for a period of 13 months from 1998 to 1999, followed by a full term from 1999 to 2004.

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Avinash Pandey

Avinash Pandey is an Indian politician belonging to the Indian National Congress party.

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Badruddin Tyabji

Badruddin Tyabji (10 October 1844 – 19 August 1906) was an Indian lawyer, activist, and politician during the British Raj.

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Bahujan Samaj Party

The Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) is a political party in India that was formed to represent Bahujans (literally means "community in majority"), referring to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes (OBC), along with religious minorities. Indian National Congress and Bahujan Samaj Party are national political parties in India and political parties in India.

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Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Bal Gangadhar Tilak (born Keshav Gangadhar Tilak (pronunciation: keʃəʋ ɡəŋɡaːd̪ʱəɾ ʈiɭək); 23 July 1856 – 1 August 1920), endeared as Lokmanya (IAST: Lokamānya), was an Indian nationalist, teacher, and an independence activist.

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Bangla Congress

The Bangla Congress was a regional political party in the Indian state of West Bengal.

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Bangladesh National Congress

The Bangladesh National Congress (বাংলাদেশ জাতীয় কংগ্রেস), formerly known as the Pakistan National Congress (پاکستان نیشنل کانگریس, পাকিস্তান জাতীয় কংগ্রেস), was a political party that mainly represented the Hindus, Christians and other religious minorities in Pakistan and Bangladesh.

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BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.

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Beant Singh (assassin)

Beant Singh (6 January 195931 October 1984) was one of the two bodyguards who assassinated the Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, at her New Delhi residence on 31 October 1984.

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Behramji Malabari

Behramji Merwanji Malabari (18 May 1853 – 12 July 1912) was an Indian poet, publicist, author, and social reformer best known for his ardent advocacy for the protection of the rights of women and for his activities against child marriage.

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Bhabha Atomic Research Centre

The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) is India's premier nuclear research facility, headquartered in Trombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

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Bhanwar Jitendra Singh

Bhanwar Jitendra Singh (born 12 June 1971) is a former Minister of State for Youth Affairs and Sports (Independent charge) and a former Minister of State for Defence, Government of India.

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Bharatiya Janata Party

The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) is a political party in India and one of the two major Indian political parties alongside the Indian National Congress. Indian National Congress and Bharatiya Janata Party are national political parties in India and nationalist parties in India.

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Bharatiya Kranti Dal

Bharatiya Kranti Dal was a political party in India, formed by the Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Charan Singh.

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Bhulabhai Desai

Bhulabhai Desai (13 October 1877 – 6 May 1946) was an Indian independence activist and acclaimed lawyer.

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Big tent

A big tent party, or catch-all party, is a term used in reference to a political party having members covering a broad spectrum of beliefs.

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Bihar

Bihar is a state in Eastern India.

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Bihar Legislative Assembly

The Bihar Legislative Assembly also known as the Bihar Vidhan Sabha is the lower house of the bicameral Bihar Legislature of the state of Bihar in India.

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Bihar Legislative Council

Bihar Legislative Council also known as Bihar Vidhan Parishad is the upper house of the bicameral Bihar Legislature of the state of Bihar in India.

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Bipan Chandra

Bipan Chandra (24 May 1928 – 30 August 2014) was an Indian historian, specialising in economic and political history of modern India.

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Bipin Chandra Pal

Bipin Chandra Pal (বিপিন চন্দ্র পাল; 7 November 1858 – 20 May 1932) was an Indian nationalist, writer, orator, social reformer and freedom fighter.

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Bofors scandal

The Bofors scandal was a major weapons-contract political scandal that occurred between India and Sweden during the 1980s and 1990s, initiated by Indian National Congress politicians and implicating the Indian prime minister, Rajiv Gandhi, and several other members of the Indian and Swedish governments.

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Bombay Presidency

The Bombay Presidency or Bombay Province, also called Bombay and Sind (1843–1936), was an administrative subdivision (province) of British India and later the Dominion of India, with its capital in the city that came up over the seven islands of Bombay.

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Brahmin

Brahmin (brāhmaṇa) is a varna (caste) within Hindu society.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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British Raj

The British Raj (from Hindustani, 'reign', 'rule' or 'government') was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent,.

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Business Standard

Business Standard is an Indian English-language daily edition newspaper published by Business Standard Private Limited, also available in Hindi.

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C. Rajagopalachari

Chakravarti Rajagopalachari BR (10 December 1878 – 25 December 1972), popularly known as Rajaji or C.R., also known as Mootharignar Rajaji (Rajaji, the Scholar Emeritus), was an Indian statesman, writer, lawyer, and Indian independence activist.

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.

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Capital market

A capital market is a financial market in which long-term debt (over a year) or equity-backed securities are bought and sold, in contrast to a money market where short-term debt is bought and sold.

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Caste

A caste is a fixed social group into which an individual is born within a particular system of social stratification: a caste system.

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Central Legislative Assembly

The Central Legislative Assembly was the lower house of the Imperial Legislative Council, the legislature of British India.

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Central Provinces

The Central Provinces was a province of British India.

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Centrism

Centrism is the range of political ideologies that exist between left-wing politics and right-wing politics on the left–right political spectrum.

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Champaran Satyagraha

The Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was the first satyagraha movement led by Mahatma Gandhi in British India and is considered a historically important rebellion in the Indian independence movement.

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Chanakya

Chanakya (ISO:,; 375–283 BCE) was an ancient Indian polymath who was active as a teacher, author, strategist, philosopher, economist, jurist, and politician.

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Chauri Chaura incident

The Chauri Chaura Incident took place on 4 February 1922 at Chauri Chaura in the Gorakhpur district of United Provinces (now Uttar Pradesh) in British India. Indian National Congress and Chauri Chaura incident are Indian independence movement.

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Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly

The Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly or the Chhattisgarh Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral state legislature of Chhattisgarh state in India.

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Chief minister

A chief minister is an elected or appointed head of government of – in most instances – a sub-national entity, for instance an administrative subdivision or federal constituent entity.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.

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Cholera

Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

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Civic nationalism

Civic nationalism, otherwise known as democratic nationalism, is a form of nationalism that adheres to traditional liberal values of freedom, tolerance, equality, and individual rights, and is not based on ethnocentrism.

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Civil liberties

Civil liberties are guarantees and freedoms that governments commit not to abridge, either by constitution, legislation, or judicial interpretation, without due process.

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CNN-News18

CNN-News18 (also known as Cable News Network News18 and originally CNN-IBN) is an Indian English-language news television channel founded by Raghav Bahl based in Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

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Cold War

The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, that started in 1947, two years after the end of World War II, and lasted until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.

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Colloquialism

Colloquialism (also called colloquial language, everyday language, or general parlance) is the linguistic style used for casual (informal) communication.

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Communist Party of India

The Communist Party of India (CPI) is the oldest communist party in India. Indian National Congress and communist Party of India are Indian independence movement, member parties of the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance, national political parties in India and political parties in India.

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Communist Party of India (Marxist)

The Communist Party of India (Marxist) (abbreviated as CPI(M)) is a communist political party in India. Indian National Congress and communist Party of India (Marxist) are member parties of the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance, national political parties in India and political parties in India.

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Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation

The Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation (CPI(ML)L) is a communist political party in India. Indian National Congress and communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation are member parties of the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance and political parties in India.

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Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty

The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) is a multilateral treaty to ban nuclear weapons test explosions and any other nuclear explosions, for both civilian and military purposes, in all environments.

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Confidence and supply

In parliamentary democracies based on the Westminster system, confidence and supply is an arrangement under which a minority government (one which does not control a majority in the legislature) receives the support of one or more parties or independent MPs on confidence votes and the state budget ("supply").

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The Congress Socialist Party (CSP) was a socialist caucus within the Indian National Congress.

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Congress Working Committee

The Congress Working Committee (CWC) is the executive committee of the Indian National Congress.

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Connect Central Asia

India's 'Connect Central Asia' Policy is a broad-based approach, including political, security, economic and cultural connections.

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Constituent Assembly of India

The Constituent Assembly of India was elected to frame the Constitution of India.

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Constitution of India

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India.

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Cornell University

Cornell University is a private Ivy League land-grant research university based in Ithaca, New York.

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Council on Foreign Relations

The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is an American think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international relations.

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Cripps Mission

The Cripps Mission was a failed attempt in late March 1942 by the British government to secure full Indian cooperation and support for their efforts in World War II. Indian National Congress and Cripps Mission are Indian independence movement.

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Cronyism

Cronyism is a specific form of in-group favoritism, the spoils system practice of partiality in awarding jobs and other advantages to friends or trusted colleagues, especially in politics and between politicians and supportive organizations.

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Dadabhai Naoroji

Dadabhai Naoroji (4 September 1825 – 30 June 1917), also known as the "Grand Old Man of India" and "Unofficial Ambassador of India", was an Indian Independence activist, political leader, merchant, scholar and writer who served as 2nd, 9th, and 22nd President of the Indian National Congress from 1886 to 1887, 1893 to 1894 and 1906 to 1907.

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Daily News and Analysis

The Daily News and Analysis, abbreviated as DNA, is a Hindi-language news program on Zee news that was earlier a newspaper with multiple local city editions across India.

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Dainik Bhaskar

Dainik Bhaskar is a Hindi-language daily newspaper in India which is owned by the Dainik Bhaskar Group.

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Dalai Lama

Dalai Lama is a title given by Altan Khan in 1578 AD at Yanghua Monastery to the foremost spiritual leader of the Gelug or "Yellow Hat" school of Tibetan Buddhism, the newest and most dominant of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Death and state funeral of Jawaharlal Nehru

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, died in the afternoon of 27 May 1964, at the age of 74, of a heart attack.

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Decolonization

independence. Decolonization is the undoing of colonialism, the latter being the process whereby imperial nations establish and dominate foreign territories, often overseas.

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Defection

In politics, a defector is a person who gives up allegiance to one state in exchange for allegiance to another, changing sides in a way which is considered illegitimate by the first state.

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Delhi Legislative Assembly

The Legislative Assembly of the National Capital Territory of Delhi, also known as the Delhi Vidhan Sabha, is a unicameral legislature of the union territory of Delhi in India.

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Deregulation

Deregulation is the process of removing or reducing state regulations, typically in the economic sphere.

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Dinshaw Edulji Wacha

Sir Dinshaw Edulji Wacha (2 August 1844 – 18 February 1936) was a Parsi politician from Bombay (Mumbai).

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Dow Jones & Company

Dow Jones & Company, Inc. (also known simply as Dow Jones) is an American publishing firm owned by News Corp and led by CEO Almar Latour.

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East Pakistan

East Pakistan was the eastern province of Pakistan between 1955 and 1971, covering the territory of the modern country Bangladesh.

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Eastern Bloc

The Eastern Bloc, also known as the Communist Bloc (Combloc), the Socialist Bloc, and the Soviet Bloc, was the unofficial coalition of communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America that were aligned with the Soviet Union and existed during the Cold War (1947–1991).

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Economic globalization

Economic globalization is one of the three main dimensions of globalization commonly found in academic literature, with the two others being political globalization and cultural globalization, as well as the general term of globalization.

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Economic liberalisation in India

The economic liberalisation in India refers to the series of policy changes aimed at opening up the country's economy to the world, with the objective of making it more market-oriented and consumption-driven.

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Economic liberalism

Economic liberalism is a political and economic ideology that supports a market economy based on individualism and private property in the means of production.

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Economic liberalization

Economic liberalization, or economic liberalisation, is the lessening of government regulations and restrictions in an economy in exchange for greater participation by private entities.

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Egalitarianism

Egalitarianism, or equalitarianism, is a school of thought within political philosophy that builds on the concept of social equality, prioritizing it for all people.

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Election commission

An election commission is a body charged with overseeing the implementation of electioneering process of any country.

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Election Commission of India

The Election Commission of India (ECI) is a constitutional body established by the Constitution of India empowered to conduct free and fair elections in India.

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Elections in India

India has a parliamentary system as defined by its constitution, with power distributed between the union government and the states.

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Electoral history of the Indian National Congress

Since independence, the Indian National Congress has participated in elections, Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha.

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Electoral symbol

An electoral symbol is a standardised symbol allocated to an independent candidate or political party by a country's election commission for use in election ballots.

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Equal opportunity

Equal opportunity is a state of fairness in which individuals are treated similarly, unhampered by artificial barriers, prejudices, or preferences, except when particular distinctions can be explicitly justified.

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Essel Group

Essel Group, (also known as Zee Group) is an Indian multinational conglomerate holding company and corporate promoter headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed

Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (13 May 1905 – 11 February 1977) was an Indian lawyer and politician who served as the fifth president of India from 1974 to 1977.

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First Manmohan Singh ministry

The First Manmohan Singh ministry was the first Union Council of Ministers of India under the Prime Ministership of Manmohan Singh.

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Firstpost

Firstpost is an Indian news website owned by Network18 Group, which also runs CNN-News18 and CNBC TV18.

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Five-Year Plans of India

From 1947 to 2017, the Indian economy was premised on the concept of planning.

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Flag of India

The national flag of India, colloquially called Tiraṅgā (the tricolour), is a horizontal rectangular tricolour flag, the colours being of India saffron, white and India green; with the Ashoka Chakra, a 24-spoke wheel, in navy blue at its centre.

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Forbes India

Forbes India is the Indian edition of Forbes, which is managed by the Reliance Industries-owned media conglomerate Network 18.

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Foreign direct investment

A foreign direct investment (FDI) refers to purchase of an asset in another country, such that it gives direct control to the purchaser over the asset (e.g. purchase of land and building).

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Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava

Frederick Temple Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava, (21 June 182612 February 1902), was a British public servant and prominent member of Victorian society.

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Fringe benefits tax (India)

The fringe benefits tax (FBT) was the tax applied to most, although not all, fringe benefits in India.

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G-23 (political group)

The G-23 was a group of 23 Indian members of parliament that were in the Indian National Congress party and that wrote a letter asking for stronger leadership.

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Ganesh Chaturthi

Ganesh Chaturthi (ISO), also known as Vinayaka Chaturthi or Vinayaka Chavithi or Vinayagar Chaturthi, is a Hindu festival that tributes Hindu deity Ganesha.

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Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi

Ganesh Vasudeo Joshi (9 April 1828 – 25 July 1880), popularly known as Sarwajanik Kaka, was a lawyer, social reformer, and political activist.

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Garibi Hatao

Garibi Hatao Desh Bachao (Hindi for "Remove poverty, save the country") was the theme and slogan of Indira Gandhi's 1971 election campaign.

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Gaurav Gogoi

Gaurav Gogoi (born 4 September 1982) is an Indian politician and social worker of Indian National Congress from Assam who is serving as the Deputy Leader of the Congress party in the Lok Sabha since 2024.

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George W. Bush

George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician and businessman who served as the 43rd president of the United States from 2001 to 2009.

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Globalization

Globalization, or globalisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences), is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide.

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Goa

Goa is a state on the southwestern coast of India within the Konkan region, geographically separated from the Deccan highlands by the Western Ghats.

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Goa Legislative Assembly

The Goa Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the state of Goa in India.

See Indian National Congress and Goa Legislative Assembly

Golden Quadrilateral

The Golden Quadrilateral (Svarnim Chaturbhuj; abbreviated GQ) is a national highway network connecting several major industrial, agricultural and cultural centres of India.

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Golden Temple

The Golden Temple (also known as the Harmandir Sahib, or the Darbār Sahib, (or Suvaran Mandir) is a gurdwara located in the city of Amritsar, Punjab, India. It is the pre-eminent spiritual site of Sikhism. It is one of the holiest sites in Sikhism, alongside the Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur in Kartarpur, and Gurdwara Janam Asthan in Nankana Sahib.

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Goods and Services Tax (India)

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a successor to VAT used in India on the supply of goods and service.

See Indian National Congress and Goods and Services Tax (India)

Gooty Kesava Pillai

Diwan Bahadur Pattu Kesava Pillai (8 October 1860 – 28 March 1933) was an Indian journalist, politician and activist of the Indian Independence movement.

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Gopal Ganesh Agarkar

Gopal Ganesh Agarkar (14 July 1856 – 17 June 1895) was a social reformer, educationist, and thinker from Bombay Presidency, British India.

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Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Gopal Krishna Gokhale (ˈɡoːpaːl ˈkrɪʂɳə ˈɡoːkʰleː 9 May 1866 – 19 February 1915) was an Indian political leader and a social reformer during the Indian independence movement, and political mentor of Indian freedom fighter Mahatma Gandhi.

See Indian National Congress and Gopal Krishna Gokhale

Government budget balance

The government budget balance, also referred to as the general government balance, public budget balance, or public fiscal balance, is the difference between government revenues and spending.

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Government of India

The Government of India (IAST: Bhārat Sarkār, legally the Union Government or Union of India and colloquially known as the Central Government) is the central executive authority of the Republic of India, a federal republic located in South Asia, consisting of 28 states and eight union territories.

See Indian National Congress and Government of India

Government of India Act 1935

The Government of India Act 1935 (25 & 26 Geo. 5. c. 42) was an act passed by the British Parliament that originally received royal assent in August 1935.

See Indian National Congress and Government of India Act 1935

Governor-General of India

The governor-general of India (1833 to 1950, from 1858 to 1947 the viceroy and governor-general of India, commonly shortened to viceroy of India) was the representative of the monarch of the United Kingdom in their capacity as the Emperor/Empress of India and after Indian independence in 1947, the representative of the Monarch of India.

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Gowalia Tank

Gowalia Tank Maidan, officially renamed August Kranti Maidan, is a park in Grant Road West, in South Mumbai, in which Mahatma Gandhi issued the Quit India speech on 8 August 1942.

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Great Recession

The Great Recession was a period of marked decline in economies around the world that occurred in the late 2000s.

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Green

Green is the color between cyan and yellow on the visible spectrum.

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Group of 15

The Group of 15 (G-15)The adopts the "G-15" orthography (with a hyphen) in order to distinguish an abbreviated reference to this group -- contrasts with other similarly named entities.

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Group of 77

The Group of 77 (G77) at the United Nations (UN) is a coalition of developing countries, designed to promote its members' collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the United Nations.

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Gujarat Legislative Assembly

The Gujarat Legislative Assembly or Gujarat Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Gujarat, in the state capital Gandhinagar.

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Gulzarilal Nanda

Gulzarilal Nanda (4 July 1898 – 15 January 1998) was an Indian politician and economist who specialised in labour issues.

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Hamid Karzai

Hamid Karzai (Pashto/حامد کرزی,,; born 24 December 1957) is an Afghan politician who served as the fourth president of Afghanistan from July 2002 to September 2014, including as the first elected president of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan from December 2004 to September 2014.

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Haryana Legislative Assembly

The Haryana Legislative Assembly (ISO: Hariyāṇā Vidhāna Sabhā) is the unicameral legislature of Indian state of Haryana.

See Indian National Congress and Haryana Legislative Assembly

Hemant Soren

Hemant Soren (born 10 August 1975) is an Indian politician from Jharkhand, who is currently serving as Chief Minister of Jharkhand since 4 July 2024.

See Indian National Congress and Hemant Soren

Himachal Pradesh

Himachal Pradesh ("Snow-laden Mountain Province") is a state in the northern part of India.

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Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly

The Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.

See Indian National Congress and Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly

Hindi

Modern Standard Hindi (आधुनिक मानक हिन्दी, Ādhunik Mānak Hindī), commonly referred to as Hindi, is the standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in Devanagari script.

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Hindi Belt

The Hindi Belt, also known as the Hindi Heartland, is a linguistic region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern, and western India where various Northern, Central, Eastern and Western Indo-Aryan languages are spoken, which in a broader sense is termed as Hindi languages, with Standard Hindi (based on Dehlavi) serving as the lingua franca of the region.

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Hindu–Muslim unity

Hindu–Muslim unity is a religiopolitical concept in the Indian subcontinent which stresses members of the two largest faith groups there, Hindus and Muslims, working together for the common good. Indian National Congress and Hindu–Muslim unity are Indian independence movement.

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Hindustan Times

Hindustan Times is an Indian English-language daily newspaper based in Delhi.

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Hindutva

Hindutva is a political ideology encompassing the cultural justification of Hindu nationalism and the belief in establishing Hindu hegemony within India.

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Home rule

Home rule is government of a colony, dependent country, or region by its own citizens. Indian National Congress and Home rule are Indian independence movement.

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Homi J. Bhabha

Homi Jehangir Bhabha, FNI, FASc, FRS(30 October 1909 to 24 January 1966) was an Indian nuclear physicist who is widely credited as the "father of the Indian nuclear programme".

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House of Commons of the United Kingdom

The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Import substitution industrialization

Import substitution industrialization (ISI) is a trade and economic policy that advocates replacing foreign imports with domestic production.

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INA Defence Committee

The INA Defence Committee, later the INA Defence and Relief Committee, was a committee established by the Indian National Congress in 1945 to defend those officers of the Indian National Army who were to be charged during the INA trials.

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Independent politician

An independent, non-partisan politician or non-affiliated politician is a politician not affiliated with any political party or bureaucratic association.

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India Shining

India Shining, India Rising (Hindi: भारत उदय) was a marketing slogan referring to the overall feeling of economic optimism in India in 2004. The slogan was popularised by the then-ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) for the 2004 Indian general elections.

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India Today

India Today is a weekly Indian English-language news magazine published by Living Media India Limited.

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India–Pakistan relations

India–Pakistan relations are the bilateral ties between the Republic of India and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.

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India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement

The 123 Agreement signed between the United States of America and India is known as the U.S.–India Civil Nuclear Agreement or Indo-US nuclear deal.

See Indian National Congress and India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement

India–United States relations

Relations between India and the United States date back to India's independence movement and have continued well after independence from the United Kingdom in 1947.

See Indian National Congress and India–United States relations

Indian Army

The Indian Army is the land-based branch and largest component of the Indian Armed Forces.

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Indian Civil Service

The Indian Civil Service (ICS), officially known as the Imperial Civil Service, was the higher civil service of the British Empire in India during British rule in the period between 1858 and 1947.

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Indian coal allocation scam

The coal allocation scam, dubbed in the media as '''Coalgate''', is a major political scandal concerning the Indian government's allocation of the nation's coal deposits to public sector enterprise (PSEs) and private companies.

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Indian independence movement

The Indian Independence Movement was a series of historic events in South Asia with the ultimate aim of ending British colonial rule.

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Indian Institutes of Management

The Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) are Centrally Funded Business Schools for management offering undergraduate, postgraduate, doctoral and executive programmes along with some additional courses in the field of business administration.

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Indian Institutes of Technology

The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are a network of engineering and technology institutions in India.

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Indian National Army

The Indian National Army (INA; Azad Hind Fauj; 'Free Indian Army') was a collaborationist armed unit of Indian collaborators that fought under the command of the Japanese Empire. Indian National Congress and Indian National Army are Indian independence movement.

See Indian National Congress and Indian National Army

Indian National Army trials

The Indian National Army trials (also known as the INA trials and the Red Fort trials) was the British Indian trial by court-martial of a number of officers of the Indian National Army (INA) between November 1945 and May 1946, on various charges of treason, torture, murder and abetment to murder, during the Second World War. Indian National Congress and Indian National Army trials are Indian independence movement.

See Indian National Congress and Indian National Army trials

Indian National Association

The Indian Association was the first avowed nationalist organization founded in British India by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose in 1876. Indian National Congress and Indian National Association are Indian independence movement.

See Indian National Congress and Indian National Association

Indian National Congress (Organisation)

The Indian National Congress (Organisation) also known as Congress (O) or Syndicate/Old Congress was a political party in India formed when the Congress party split following the expulsion of Indira Gandhi. Indian National Congress and Indian National Congress (Organisation) are national political parties in India.

See Indian National Congress and Indian National Congress (Organisation)

Indian National Congress (R)

Indian National Congress (Requisitionists) was created in 1969; it was created and led by Indira Gandhi.

See Indian National Congress and Indian National Congress (R)

Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance

The Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance (I.N.D.I.A.) is a big tent multi party political alliance of several political parties in India led by the country's largest opposition party, the Indian National Congress.

See Indian National Congress and Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance

Indian National Trade Union Congress

The Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC) is a national trade union centre in India.

See Indian National Congress and Indian National Trade Union Congress

Indian Navy

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See Indian National Congress and Indian Navy

Indian Ocean Rim Association

The Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA), formerly known as the Indian Ocean Rim Initiative (IORI) and the Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation (IOR-ARC), is an international organisation consisting of 23 states bordering the Indian Ocean.

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Indian subcontinent

The Indian subcontinent is a physiographical region in Southern Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas.

See Indian National Congress and Indian subcontinent

Indian Youth Congress

The Indian Youth Congress is the youth wing of the Indian National Congress party.

See Indian National Congress and Indian Youth Congress

Indira Gandhi

Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (''née'' Indira Nehru; 19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984) was an Indian politician and stateswoman who served as the prime minister of India from 1966 to 1977 and again from 1980 until her assassination in 1984.

See Indian National Congress and Indira Gandhi

Indira Gandhi National Open University

Indira Gandhi National Open University, known as IGNOU, is a public distance learning university located in New Delhi, India.

See Indian National Congress and Indira Gandhi National Open University

Indo-Pakistani war of 1965

The Indo-Pakistani war of 1965, also known as the second India–Pakistan war, was an armed conflict between Pakistan and India that took place from August 1965 to September 1965.

See Indian National Congress and Indo-Pakistani war of 1965

Indo-Pakistani war of 1971

The Indo-Pakistani war of 1971, also known as the third India-Pakistan war, was a military confrontation between India and Pakistan that occurred during the Bangladesh Liberation War in East Pakistan from 3 December 1971 until the Pakistani capitulation in Dhaka on 16 December 1971.

See Indian National Congress and Indo-Pakistani war of 1971

Indo-Sri Lanka Accord

The Indo-Sri Lanka Peace Accord was an accord signed in Colombo on 29 July 1987, between Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and Sri Lankan President J. R. Jayewardene.

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Industrial licensing in India

In India, there are some regulations and restrictions with regard to establishing industries in certain categories.

See Indian National Congress and Industrial licensing in India

Insurgency in Punjab, India

The Insurgency in Punjab was an armed campaign by the militants of the Khalistan movement from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s.

See Indian National Congress and Insurgency in Punjab, India

Inter-Parliamentary Union

The Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU; Union Interparlementaire, UIP) is an international organization of national parliaments. Its primary purpose is to promote democratic governance, accountability, and cooperation among its members; other initiatives include advancing gender parity among legislatures, empowering youth participation in politics, and sustainable development.

See Indian National Congress and Inter-Parliamentary Union

Interim Government of India

The Interim Government of India, also known as the Provisional Government of India, formed on 2 September 1946 from the newly elected Constituent Assembly of India, had the task of assisting the transition of British India to independence. Indian National Congress and Interim Government of India are Indian independence movement.

See Indian National Congress and Interim Government of India

International Atomic Energy Agency

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an intergovernmental organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons.

See Indian National Congress and International Atomic Energy Agency

International Monetary Fund

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution funded by 190 member countries, with headquarters in Washington, D.C. It is regarded as the global lender of last resort to national governments, and a leading supporter of exchange-rate stability.

See Indian National Congress and International Monetary Fund

Iran–Pakistan gas pipeline

The Iran–Pakistan gas pipeline, also known as the Peace pipeline, or IP Gas, is an under-construction pipeline to deliver natural gas from Iran to Pakistan.

See Indian National Congress and Iran–Pakistan gas pipeline

Islamism

Islamism (also often called political Islam) refers to a broad set of religious and political ideological movements.

See Indian National Congress and Islamism

J. B. Kripalani

Jivatram Bhagwandas Kripalani (11 November 1888 – 19 March 1982), popularly known as Acharya Kripalani, was an Indian politician, noted particularly for holding the presidency of the Indian National Congress during the transfer of power in 1947 and the husband of Sucheta Kripalani.

See Indian National Congress and J. B. Kripalani

Jagjivan Ram

Jagjivan Ram (5 April 1908 – 6 July 1986), known popularly as Babuji, was an Indian independence activist and politician from Bihar.

See Indian National Congress and Jagjivan Ram

Jai Jawan Jai Kisan

Jai Jawan Jai Kisan ("Hail the Soldier, Hail the Farmer") was a slogan of Lal Bahadur Shastri, the second Prime Minister of India spoken in 1965 at a public gathering Uruwa, Prayagraj.

See Indian National Congress and Jai Jawan Jai Kisan

Jairam Ramesh

Jairam Ramesh (born 9 April 1954) is an Indian politician belonging to INC.

See Indian National Congress and Jairam Ramesh

Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly

The Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly, also known as the Jammu and Kashmir Vidhan Sabha is the legislature of Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.

See Indian National Congress and Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly

Janata Party

The Janata Party (JP) is an unrecognized political party in India.

See Indian National Congress and Janata Party

Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale

Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale (born Jarnail Singh Brar; 2 June 1947– 6 June 1984) was an Indian militant.

See Indian National Congress and Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale

Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya

Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya (JNV) is a system of central schools for talented students predominantly from rural areas in India, targeting gifted students who lack access to accelerated learning due to financial, social and rural disadvantages.

See Indian National Congress and Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya

Jawaharlal Nehru

Jawaharlal Nehru (14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was an Indian anti-colonial nationalist, secular humanist, social democrat, author and statesman who was a central figure in India during the middle of the 20th century.

See Indian National Congress and Jawaharlal Nehru

Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) was a massive city-modernization scheme launched by the Government of India under the Ministry of Urban Development.

See Indian National Congress and Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

Jayaprakash Narayan

Jayaprakash Narayan Srivastava (11 October 1902 – 8 October 1979), also known as JP and Lok Nayak (Hindi for "People's leader"), was an Indian independence activist, theorist, socialist and political leader.

See Indian National Congress and Jayaprakash Narayan

Jeffrey Sachs

Jeffrey David Sachs (born November 5, 1954) is an American economist and public policy analyst, professor at Columbia University, where he was former director of The Earth Institute.

See Indian National Congress and Jeffrey Sachs

Jharkhand

Jharkhand is a state in eastern India.

See Indian National Congress and Jharkhand

Jharkhand Legislative Assembly

The Jharkhand Legislative Assembly, commonly known as the Jharkhand Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral state legislature of Jharkhand.

See Indian National Congress and Jharkhand Legislative Assembly

Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (lit. Jharkhand Liberation Front; JMM) is a political party in the Indian state of Jharkhand which was founded by Binod Bihari Mahato. Indian National Congress and Jharkhand Mukti Morcha are member parties of the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance and political parties in India.

See Indian National Congress and Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

John Micklethwait

Richard John Micklethwait (born 11 August 1962) is editor-in-chief of Bloomberg News, a position he has held since February 2015.

See Indian National Congress and John Micklethwait

K. C. Venugopal

K.

See Indian National Congress and K. C. Venugopal

K. Kamaraj

Kumaraswami Kamaraj (15 July 1903 – 2 October 1975), popularly known as Kamarajar was an Indian independence activist and politician who served as the Chief Minister of Madras from 13 April 1954 to 2 October 1963.

See Indian National Congress and K. Kamaraj

Karnataka

Karnataka (ISO), also known colloquially as Karunāḍu, is a state in the southwestern region of India.

See Indian National Congress and Karnataka

Karnataka Legislative Assembly

The Karnataka Legislative Assembly (formerly the Mysore Legislative Assembly) is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of the southern Indian state of Karnataka.

See Indian National Congress and Karnataka Legislative Assembly

Karnataka Legislative Council

The Karnataka Legislative Council (formerly the Mysuru Legislative Council) is the upper house of the state legislature of Karnataka.

See Indian National Congress and Karnataka Legislative Council

Kashinath Trimbak Telang

Kashinath Trimbak Telang (20 August 1850, Bombay – 1 September 1893, Bombay) was an Indologist and Indian judge at Bombay High Court.

See Indian National Congress and Kashinath Trimbak Telang

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country mostly in Central Asia, with a part in Eastern Europe.

See Indian National Congress and Kazakhstan

Kerala

Kerala (/), called Keralam in Malayalam, is a state on the Malabar Coast of India.

See Indian National Congress and Kerala

Kerala Legislative Assembly

The Kerala Legislative Assembly, popularly known as the Kerala Niyamasabha, is the State Assembly of Kerala, one of the 28 states in India.

See Indian National Congress and Kerala Legislative Assembly

Khalistan movement

The Khalistan movement is a separatist movement seeking to create a homeland for Sikhs by establishing an ethno‐religious sovereign state called Khalistan in the Punjab region.

See Indian National Congress and Khalistan movement

Khan Mohammad Abbas Khan

Khan Muhammad Abbas Khan is a former member of Indian National Congress, a liberal reformer, Khan Mohammad Abbas Khan belonged to the Democratic Party, which formed a coalition with congress and served as the Interim Minister for Industries of British India.

See Indian National Congress and Khan Mohammad Abbas Khan

Kheda Satyagraha of 1918

The Kheda Satyagraha of 1918 was a satyagraha movement in the Kheda district of Gujarat in India organised by Mahatma Gandhi during the period of the British Raj.

See Indian National Congress and Kheda Satyagraha of 1918

Khilafat Movement

The Khilafat movement (1919–22) was a political campaign launched by Indian Muslims in British India over British policy against Turkey and the planned dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire after World War I by Allied forces. Indian National Congress and Khilafat Movement are Indian independence movement.

See Indian National Congress and Khilafat Movement

Kisan and Khet Mazdoor Congress

Kisan and Khet Mazdoor Congress (abbreviated as KKMC) is a trade union of agricultural labourers in India.

See Indian National Congress and Kisan and Khet Mazdoor Congress

Krishak Sramik Party

The Krishak Sramik Party (কৃষক শ্রমিক পার্টি, Farmer Labourer Party) was a major anti-feudal political party in the British Indian province of Bengal and later in the Dominion of Pakistan's East Bengal and East Pakistan provinces. Indian National Congress and Krishak Sramik Party are social democratic parties in Asia.

See Indian National Congress and Krishak Sramik Party

Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan, officially the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Asia, lying in the Tian Shan and Pamir mountain ranges.

See Indian National Congress and Kyrgyzstan

Labour Party (UK)

The Labour Party is a social democratic political party in the United Kingdom that sits on the centre-left of the political spectrum. Indian National Congress and Labour Party (UK) are progressive Alliance.

See Indian National Congress and Labour Party (UK)

Lal Bahadur Shastri

Lal Bahadur Shastri (born Lal Bahadur Srivastava; 2 October 190411 January 1966) was an Indian politician and statesman who served as the prime minister of India from 1964 to 1966.

See Indian National Congress and Lal Bahadur Shastri

Lala Lajpat Rai

Lala Lajpat Rai (28 January 1865 — 17 November 1928) was an Indian revolutionary, politician, and author, popularly known as Punjab Kesari.

See Indian National Congress and Lala Lajpat Rai

Latin

Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

See Indian National Congress and Latin

Law enforcement agency

A law enforcement agency (LEA) is any government agency responsible for law enforcement within a specific jurisdiction through the employment and deployment of law enforcement officers and their resources.

See Indian National Congress and Law enforcement agency

Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha

The Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha (IAST: Lok Sabhā ke Vipakṣa ke Netā) is an elected Member of Lok Sabha who leads the official opposition in the Lower House of the Parliament of India.

See Indian National Congress and Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha

Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha

The Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha (IAST: Rājya Sabhā ke Vipakṣa ke Netā) is an elected Member of Rajya Sabha who leads the official opposition in the Upper House of the Parliament of India.

See Indian National Congress and Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha

Left Front (West Bengal)

The Left Front (Bengali: বামফ্রন্ট) is an alliance of left-wing political parties in the Indian state of West Bengal.

See Indian National Congress and Left Front (West Bengal)

Liberalism

Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality, right to private property and equality before the law.

See Indian National Congress and Liberalism

Liberalism in India

In the beginning of 19th century, Lord William Bentinck, then-Governor-general speculated that the possibility of vast change occurring in the frame of society would eventually lead to the British leaving the country under capable Indian rule.

See Indian National Congress and Liberalism in India

Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam

The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE; translit, translit; also known as the Tamil Tigers) was a Tamil militant organization that was based in the northern and eastern Sri Lanka.

See Indian National Congress and Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam

Licence Raj

The Licence Raj or Permit Raj (rāj, meaning "rule" in Hindi) is a pejorative for the system of strict government control and regulation of the Indian economy that was in place from the 1950s to the early 1990s.

See Indian National Congress and Licence Raj

Lingua franca

A lingua franca (for plurals see), also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vehicular language, or link language, is a language systematically used to make communication possible between groups of people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both of the speakers' native languages.

See Indian National Congress and Lingua franca

List of chief ministers from the Indian National Congress

The Indian National Congress (INC) is one of the two major parties in the political system of the Republic of India, the other being the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

See Indian National Congress and List of chief ministers from the Indian National Congress

List of governors of the Reserve Bank of India

The governor of the Reserve Bank of India (ISO: Bhāratīya Rija़rva Baiṁka kē Gavarnara) is the chief executive officer of India's central bank and the ex-officio chair of its Central Board of Directors.

See Indian National Congress and List of governors of the Reserve Bank of India

List of Indian National Congress breakaway parties

Since India gained independence in 1947, the Indian National Congress (INC) has seen a number of splits and breakaway factions.

See Indian National Congress and List of Indian National Congress breakaway parties

List of political parties in India

India has a multi-party system. Indian National Congress and List of political parties in India are political parties in India.

See Indian National Congress and List of political parties in India

List of presidents of the Indian National Congress

The president of the Indian National Congress is the chief executive of the Indian National Congress (INC), one of the principal political parties in India. Indian National Congress and List of presidents of the Indian National Congress are 1885 establishments in India.

See Indian National Congress and List of presidents of the Indian National Congress

List of privatizations by country

This list of privatizations provides links to notable and/or major privatizations.

See Indian National Congress and List of privatizations by country

List of Rajya Sabha members from Assam

The Rajya Sabha (meaning the "Council of States") is the upper house of the Parliament of India.

See Indian National Congress and List of Rajya Sabha members from Assam

List of Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh

The Rajya Sabha (meaning the "Council of States") is the upper house of the Parliament of India.

See Indian National Congress and List of Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh

List of state presidents of the Indian National Congress

The state president of the Indian National Congress is the state-level highest command of the Indian National Congress (INC), responsible for indulging in political campaigns at state level.

See Indian National Congress and List of state presidents of the Indian National Congress

Literacy

Literacy is the ability to read and write.

See Indian National Congress and Literacy

Literacy in India

Literacy in India is a key for social-economic progress.

See Indian National Congress and Literacy in India

Local government in India

Local government in India is governmental jurisdiction below the level of the state.

See Indian National Congress and Local government in India

Lok Sabha

The Lok Sabha, also known as the House of the People, is the lower house of India's bicameral Parliament, with the upper house being the Rajya Sabha.

See Indian National Congress and Lok Sabha

Look East policy (India)

The Act East policy is an effort by the Government of India to cultivate extensive economic and strategic relations with the nations of Southeast Asia to bolster its standing as a regional power and a counterweight to the strategic influence of the People's Republic of China.

See Indian National Congress and Look East policy (India)

Lower house

A lower house is the lower chamber of a bicameral legislature, where second chamber is the upper house.

See Indian National Congress and Lower house

Lucknow

Lucknow is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and it is the administrative headquarters of the eponymous district and division.

See Indian National Congress and Lucknow

M. K. Stalin

Muthuvel Karunanidhi Stalin (born 1 March 1953) is an Indian politician serving as the 8th and current Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu since 2021.

See Indian National Congress and M. K. Stalin

Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly

The Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha or the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly is the unicameral state legislature of Madhya Pradesh state in India.

See Indian National Congress and Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly

Madras Mahajana Sabha

Madras Mahajana Sabha was an Indian nationalist organisation based in the Madras Presidency.

See Indian National Congress and Madras Mahajana Sabha

Madras Presidency

The Madras Presidency or Madras Province, officially called the Presidency of Fort St.

See Indian National Congress and Madras Presidency

Maha Vikas Aghadi

The Maha Vikas Aghadi or Maharashtra Vikas Aghadi (Marathi: महाविकास आघाडी; English: Maharashtra Development Front; abbreviated as MVA), is a state-level political coalition formed after the 2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election under the leadership of Uddhav Thackeray of SHS (UBT) (then Shiv Sena), Sharad Pawar of the NCP and Sonia Gandhi of the INC, along with the support from the Samajwadi Party, PWPI, CPI(M) and several other political parties including Independent MLAs.

See Indian National Congress and Maha Vikas Aghadi

Mahadev Govind Ranade

Rao Bahadur Mahadev Govind Ranade (18 January 1842–16 January 1901), popularly referred to as Nyayamurti Ranade (lit. Justice Ranade), was an Indian scholar, social reformer, judge and author.

See Indian National Congress and Mahadev Govind Ranade

Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)

Mahagathbandhan, (MGB, ISO: Mahāgaṭhabaṁdhana) also known as Grand Alliance, is a coalition of political parties in the Eastern state of Bihar in India, formed ahead of the 2015 Vidhan Sabha elections in Bihar.

See Indian National Congress and Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)

Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand)

Mahagathbandhan, also known as Grand Alliance is a coalition of political parties in the Eastern state of Jharkhand in India.

See Indian National Congress and Mahagathbandhan (Jharkhand)

Maharashtra

Maharashtra (ISO: Mahārāṣṭra) is a state in the western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau.

See Indian National Congress and Maharashtra

Maharashtra Legislative Assembly

The Maharashtra Legislative Assembly (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र विधानसभा, Mahārāṣṭra Vidhāna Sabhā) is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of Maharashtra state in western India.

See Indian National Congress and Maharashtra Legislative Assembly

Maharashtra Legislative Council

The Maharashtra Legislative Council or Maharashtra Vidhan Parishad is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of Maharashtra state in western India.

See Indian National Congress and Maharashtra Legislative Council

Mahatma Gandhi

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (ISO: Mōhanadāsa Karamacaṁda Gāṁdhī; 2 October 186930 January 1948) was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule.

See Indian National Congress and Mahatma Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 or MGNREGA, earlier known as the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act or NREGA, is an Indian social welfare measure that aims to guarantee the 'right to work'.

See Indian National Congress and Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005

Mallikarjun Kharge

Mapanna Mallikarjun Kharge (born 21 July 1942) is an Indian lawyer and politician serving as the President of the Indian National Congress since 2022, and Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha since 2021.

See Indian National Congress and Mallikarjun Kharge

Manipur

Manipur (Kangleipak|) is a state in northeast India, with the city of Imphal as its capital.

See Indian National Congress and Manipur

Manipur Legislative Assembly

The Manipur Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Manipur.

See Indian National Congress and Manipur Legislative Assembly

Manipur Progressive Secular Alliance

The Manipur Progressive Secular Alliance (MPSA) (formarly known as Secular Progressive Front (SPF) or Secular Progressive Alliance (SPA)) is a political alliance in India.

See Indian National Congress and Manipur Progressive Secular Alliance

Manmohan Singh

Manmohan Singh (born 26 September 1932) is an Indian retired politician, economist, academician and bureaucrat who served as the Prime Minister of India from 2004 to 2014.

See Indian National Congress and Manmohan Singh

Market economy

A market economy is an economic system in which the decisions regarding investment, production and distribution to the consumers are guided by the price signals created by the forces of supply and demand.

See Indian National Congress and Market economy

Marquess of Linlithgow

Marquess of Linlithgow, in the County of Linlithgow or West Lothian, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

See Indian National Congress and Marquess of Linlithgow

Maulana Azad

Abul Kalam Ghulam Muhiyuddin Ahmed bin Khairuddin Al-Hussaini Azad (11 November 1888 – 22 February 1958) was an Indian independence activist, writer and a senior leader of the Indian National Congress.

See Indian National Congress and Maulana Azad

Medak Lok Sabha constituency

Medak Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 17 Lok Sabha (Lower House of the Parliament) constituencies in Telangana state in southern India.

See Indian National Congress and Medak Lok Sabha constituency

Meghalaya

Meghalaya (or, "the abode of clouds") is a state in northeast India.

See Indian National Congress and Meghalaya

Meghalaya Legislative Assembly

The Meghalaya Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Meghalaya.

See Indian National Congress and Meghalaya Legislative Assembly

Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)

A member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district (constituency) to the legislature of State government in the Indian system of government.

See Indian National Congress and Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)

Minister (government)

A minister is a politician who heads a ministry, making and implementing decisions on policies in conjunction with the other ministers.

See Indian National Congress and Minister (government)

Minister of External Affairs (India)

The Minister of External Affairs (or simply, the External Affairs Minister Hindi: Videsh Mantri) is the head of the Ministry of External Affairs of the Government of India.

See Indian National Congress and Minister of External Affairs (India)

Minister of Finance (India)

The Minister of Finance (Vitta Mantrī) (or simply, the Finance Minister, short form FM) is the head of the Ministry of Finance of the Government of India.

See Indian National Congress and Minister of Finance (India)

Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)

The Ministry of Commerce and Industry administers two departments, the Department of Commerce and the Department for Promotion of Industry & Internal Trade.

See Indian National Congress and Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)

Ministry of External Affairs (India)

The Ministry of External Affairs (abbreviated as MEA; ISO) of India is tasked with formulating and implementing Indian foreign policy, in tandem with the repatriation of Indian citizens and the extradition of fugitives.

See Indian National Congress and Ministry of External Affairs (India)

Ministry of Home Affairs (India)

The Ministry of Home Affairs (IAST: Gṛha Mantrālaya), or simply the Home Ministry, is a ministry of the Government of India.

See Indian National Congress and Ministry of Home Affairs (India)

Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)

Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (Ministry of I&B) is a ministerial level agency of the Government of India responsible for the formulation and administration of rules, regulations and laws in the areas of information, broadcasting, the press and the Cinema of India.

See Indian National Congress and Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)

Mixed economy

A mixed economy is an economic system that accepts both private businesses and nationalized government services, like public utilities, safety, military, welfare, and education.

See Indian National Congress and Mixed economy

Mizoram

Mizoram is a state in northeastern India, with Aizawl as its seat of government and largest city.

See Indian National Congress and Mizoram

Mizoram Legislative Assembly

The Mizoram Legislative Assembly is the unicameral state legislature of Mizoram in India.

See Indian National Congress and Mizoram Legislative Assembly

Mizoram Secular Alliance

Mizoram Secular Alliance (MSA), formerly known as Mizoram Secular Force (MSF) is a political alliance in Mizoram.

See Indian National Congress and Mizoram Secular Alliance

Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum

Mohd.

See Indian National Congress and Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum

Monomohun Ghose

Manmohun Ghose (Mônmohon Ghosh) (also spelt Monomohun Ghosh, Manmohan Ghosh) (13 March 1844 – 16 October 1896) was the first practicing barrister of Indian origin.

See Indian National Congress and Monomohun Ghose

Morarji Desai

Morarji Ranchhodji Desai (29 February 1896 – 10 April 1995) was an Indian independence activist and politician who served as the Prime Minister of India between 1977 and 1979 leading the government formed by the Janata Party.

See Indian National Congress and Morarji Desai

Motherboard

A motherboard (also called mainboard, main circuit board, MB, base board, system board, or, in Apple computers, logic board) is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in general-purpose computers and other expandable systems.

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Muhammad Ali Jinnah (born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai; 25 December 187611 September 1948) was a barrister, politician, and the founder of Pakistan.

See Indian National Congress and Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Mukul Wasnik

Mukul Balkrishna Wasnik (born 27 September 1959) is an Indian Politician and a member of the Parliament.

See Indian National Congress and Mukul Wasnik

Mumbai

Mumbai (ISO:; formerly known as Bombay) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra.

See Indian National Congress and Mumbai

Municipal corporation (India)

A municipal corporation is a type of local government in India which administers urban areas with a population of more than one million.

See Indian National Congress and Municipal corporation (India)

Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act 1986

The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act was an act passed by the Parliament of India in 1986 to protect the rights of Muslim women who have been divorced from their husband and to provide for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

See Indian National Congress and Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act 1986

N. G. Chandavarkar

Sir Narayan Ganesh Chandavarkar (2 December 1855 – 4 May 1923) was an early Indian National Congress politician and Hindu reformer.

See Indian National Congress and N. G. Chandavarkar

Nagaland Legislative Assembly

The Nagaland Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Nagaland.

See Indian National Congress and Nagaland Legislative Assembly

Nandyal Lok Sabha constituency

Nandyal Lok Sabha constituency is one of the twenty-five lok sabha constituencies of Andhra Pradesh in India.

See Indian National Congress and Nandyal Lok Sabha constituency

National Advisory Council (India)

The National Advisory Council (NAC) was an advisory body set up by the first United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government in 2004 to advise the Prime Minister of India, Manmohan Singh.

See Indian National Congress and National Advisory Council (India)

National Council of Educational Research and Training

National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) (राष्ट्रीय शैक्षिक अनुसंधान और प्रशिक्षण परिषद) is an autonomous organisation of Ministry of Education, the Government of India.

See Indian National Congress and National Council of Educational Research and Training

National Dairy Development Board

The National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) is a statutory body set up by an Act of the Parliament of India and an Institution of National Importance.

See Indian National Congress and National Dairy Development Board

National Democratic Alliance

The National Democratic Alliance (NDA; ISO: Rāṣṭrīya Lokatāṁtrika Gaṭhabaṁdhana) is a right-wing Indian political alliance led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).

See Indian National Congress and National Democratic Alliance

National Herald

The National Herald is an Indian newspaper published by The Associated Journals Ltd and owned by Young India Limited a company by Rahul Gandhi and Sonia Gandhi and Shiva Publications a partnership firm by Vishnu Goyal & Rekha Goyal. Indian National Congress and National Herald are Indian independence movement.

See Indian National Congress and National Herald

National Highways Development Project

The National Highways Development Project (NHDP) was a project of four laning of existing national highways and six laning of selected major national highways of India.

See Indian National Congress and National Highways Development Project

National Institutes of Technology (India)

The National Institutes of Technology (NITs) are centrally funded technical institutes under the ownership of the Ministry of Education, Government of India.

See Indian National Congress and National Institutes of Technology (India)

National Investigation Agency

The National Investigation Agency (NIA) is a specialised counter-terrorism law enforcement agency in India.

See Indian National Congress and National Investigation Agency

National Policy on Education

The National Policy on Education (NPE) is a policy formulated by the Government of India to promote and regulate education in India.

See Indian National Congress and National Policy on Education

National Students' Union of India

The National Students' Union of India (NSUI) is the student wing of the Indian National Congress (INC or Congress).

See Indian National Congress and National Students' Union of India

Nationalism

Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state.

See Indian National Congress and Nationalism

Nationalist Congress Party

The Nationalist Congress Party is one of the state parties in India. Indian National Congress and Nationalist Congress Party are liberal parties in India and political parties in India.

See Indian National Congress and Nationalist Congress Party

Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar

The Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar) or NCP(SP) is a political party in India formed under the leadership of Sharad Pawar. Indian National Congress and Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar are liberal parties in India, member parties of the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance and political parties in India.

See Indian National Congress and Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar

Nationalization

Nationalization (nationalisation in British English) is the process of transforming privately-owned assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state.

See Indian National Congress and Nationalization

Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India

Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India Secretary Ministry of Law and Justice (2018) is a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of India that decriminalised all consensual sex among adults, including homosexual sex.

See Indian National Congress and Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India

Naxalite–Maoist insurgency

The Naxalite–Maoist insurgency is an ongoing conflict between Maoist groups known as Naxalites or Naxals (a group of communists supportive of Maoist political sentiment and ideology) and the Indian government.

See Indian National Congress and Naxalite–Maoist insurgency

NDTV

New Delhi Television Ltd is an Indian news media company focusing on broadcast and digital news publication.

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NDTV India

NDTV India (styled as NDTV इंडिया) is an Indian Hindi-language news channel, owned by NDTV.

See Indian National Congress and NDTV India

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy (19 May 1913 – 1 June 1996) was an Indian politician who served as the sixth president of India, serving from 1977 to 1982.

See Indian National Congress and Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

Nehru–Gandhi family

The Nehru–Gandhi family is an Indian political family that has occupied a prominent place in the politics of India.

See Indian National Congress and Nehru–Gandhi family

Neoliberalism

Neoliberalism, also neo-liberalism, is both a political philosophy and a term used to signify the late-20th-century political reappearance of 19th-century ideas associated with free-market capitalism.

See Indian National Congress and Neoliberalism

Network18 Group

Network18 Media & Investments Limited, is an Indian media conglomerate, based in Mumbai.

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New Economic Policy

The New Economic Policy (NEP) was an economic policy of the Soviet Union proposed by Vladimir Lenin in 1921 as a temporary expedient.

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News Corp

News Corporation, stylized as News Corp, is an American mass media and publishing company headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.

See Indian National Congress and News Corp

NITI Aayog

The NITI Aayog (abbreviation for National Institution for Transforming India) serves as the apex public policy think tank of the Government of India, and the nodal agency tasked with catalyzing economic development, and fostering cooperative federalism and moving away from bargaining federalism through the involvement of State Governments of India in the economic policy-making process using a bottom-up approach.

See Indian National Congress and NITI Aayog

Non-Aligned Movement

The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is a forum of 120 countries that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc.

See Indian National Congress and Non-Aligned Movement

North-East Frontier Agency

The North–East Frontier Agency (NEFA), originally known as the North-East Frontier Tracts (NEFT), was one of the political divisions in British India, and later the Republic of India until 20 January 1972, when it became the Union Territory of Arunachal Pradesh and some parts of Assam.

See Indian National Congress and North-East Frontier Agency

North-West Frontier Province

The North-West Frontier Province (NWFP; شمال لویدیځ سرحدي ولایت) was a province of British India from 1901 to 1947, of the Dominion of Pakistan from 1947 to 1955, and of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan from 1970 to 2010.

See Indian National Congress and North-West Frontier Province

Northeast India

Northeast India, officially the North Eastern Region (NER), is the easternmost region of India representing both a geographic and political administrative division of the country. It comprises eight states—Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura (commonly known as the "Seven Sisters"), and the "brother" state of Sikkim.

See Indian National Congress and Northeast India

Nuclear reactor

A nuclear reactor is a device used to initiate and control a fission nuclear chain reaction or nuclear fusion reactions.

See Indian National Congress and Nuclear reactor

Nuclear Suppliers Group

The Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) is a multilateral export control regime and a group of nuclear supplier countries that seek to prevent nuclear proliferation by controlling the export of materials, equipment and technology that can be used to manufacture nuclear weapons.

See Indian National Congress and Nuclear Suppliers Group

Oak

An oak is a hardwood tree or shrub in the genus Quercus of the beech family.

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Odisha Legislative Assembly

The Odisha Legislative Assembly is the unicameral state legislature of Odisha state in India.

See Indian National Congress and Odisha Legislative Assembly

Official Opposition (India)

In India, Official Opposition designates largest party not supporting the ruling cabinet in the Parliament of India or a State or Territory Legislative Assembly.

See Indian National Congress and Official Opposition (India)

Old Irish

Old Irish, also called Old Gaelic (Goídelc, Ogham script: ᚌᚑᚔᚇᚓᚂᚉ; Sean-Ghaeilge; Seann-Ghàidhlig; Shenn Yernish or Shenn Ghaelg), is the oldest form of the Goidelic/Gaelic language for which there are extensive written texts.

See Indian National Congress and Old Irish

Open University

The Open University (OU) is a public research university and the largest university in the United Kingdom by number of students.

See Indian National Congress and Open University

Operation Blue Star

Operation Blue Star was an Indian Armed Forces operation between 1 and 10 June 1984 to remove Sikh militant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and other Sikh militants from the buildings of the Golden Temple, a holy site of Sikhism.

See Indian National Congress and Operation Blue Star

Orissa Jana Congress

Orissa Jana Congress (Orissa Peoples Congress), generally just called the Jana Congress, was a political party in the Indian state of Orissa.

See Indian National Congress and Orissa Jana Congress

Other Backward Class

The Other Backward Class (OBC) is a collective term used by the Government of India to classify communities that are educationally or socially backward.

See Indian National Congress and Other Backward Class

P. Chidambaram

Palaniappan Chidambaram (born 16 September 1945), better known as P. Chidambaram, is an Indian politician and lawyer who currently serves as Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha.

See Indian National Congress and P. Chidambaram

P. Rangaiah Naidu

Palavai Rangaiah Naidu (1828–1902) was an Indian lawyer, politician and Indian independence activist.

See Indian National Congress and P. Rangaiah Naidu

P. V. Narasimha Rao

Pamulaparthi Venkata Narasimha Rao (28 June 1921 – 23 December 2004), popularly known as P. V. Narasimha Rao, was an Indian lawyer, statesman and politician from the Indian National Congress Party who served as the prime minister of India from 1991 to 1996.

See Indian National Congress and P. V. Narasimha Rao

Pakistan Movement

The Pakistan Movement was a political movement in the first half of the 20th century that aimed for the creation of Pakistan from the Muslim-majority areas of British India.

See Indian National Congress and Pakistan Movement

Panchayati raj in India

Panchayati raj (council of five officials) is the system of local self-government of villages in rural India as opposed to urban and suburban municipalities.

See Indian National Congress and Panchayati raj in India

Parliament of India

The Parliament of India (IAST) is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India.

See Indian National Congress and Parliament of India

Part XI of the Constitution of India

For the government of India, Part XI of the Constitution of India – consists of Articles on Relations between the Union and States.

See Indian National Congress and Part XI of the Constitution of India

Partition of Bengal (1905)

The first Partition of Bengal (1905) was a territorial reorganization of the Bengal Presidency implemented by the authorities of the British Raj.

See Indian National Congress and Partition of Bengal (1905)

Partition of India

The Partition of India in 1947 was the change of political borders and the division of other assets that accompanied the dissolution of the British Raj in the Indian subcontinent and the creation of two independent dominions in South Asia: India and Pakistan. Indian National Congress and Partition of India are Indian independence movement.

See Indian National Congress and Partition of India

Peaceful nuclear explosion

Peaceful nuclear explosions (PNEs) are nuclear explosions conducted for non-military purposes.

See Indian National Congress and Peaceful nuclear explosion

Peter Ustinov

Sir Peter Alexander Ustinov (born Peter Alexander Freiherr von Ustinov; 16 April 192128 March 2004) was a British actor, director and writer.

See Indian National Congress and Peter Ustinov

Pherozeshah Mehta

Sir Pherozeshah Merwanjee Mehta (4 August 1845 – 5 November 1915) was an Indian politician and lawyer from Bombay.

See Indian National Congress and Pherozeshah Mehta

Phulpur Lok Sabha constituency

Phulpur Lok Sabha seat, also spelled 'Phoolpur', is one of the 80 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Uttar Pradesh state in northern India.

See Indian National Congress and Phulpur Lok Sabha constituency

Planned economy

A planned economy is a type of economic system where the distribution of goods and services or the investment, production and the allocation of capital goods takes place according to economic plans that are either economy-wide or limited to a category of goods and services.

See Indian National Congress and Planned economy

Planning Commission (India)

The Planning Commission was an institution in the Government of India which formulated India's Five-Year Plans, among other functions.

See Indian National Congress and Planning Commission (India)

Pokhran

Pokhran (official spelling Pokaran) is a town and a municipality located 112 km east of Jaisalmer city in the Jaisalmer district of the Indian state of Rajasthan.

See Indian National Congress and Pokhran

Political freedom

Political freedom (also known as political autonomy or political agency) is a central concept in history and political thought and one of the most important features of democratic societies.

See Indian National Congress and Political freedom

Politics of India

Politics of India works within the framework of the country's Constitution.

See Indian National Congress and Politics of India

Poona Sarvajanik Sabha

Poona Sarvajanik Sabha, (पुणे सार्वजनिक सभा.) (Also knows as Sarvajanik Sabha), was a sociopolitical organisation in British Raj which started with the aim of working as a mediating body between the government and people of India and to popularise the peasants' legal rights.

See Indian National Congress and Poona Sarvajanik Sabha

Pradesh Congress Committee

Pradesh Congress Committee (PCC) is the state-level unit of the Indian National Congress.

See Indian National Congress and Pradesh Congress Committee

Pranab Mukherjee

Pranab Mukherjee (11 December 1935 – 31 August 2020) was an Indian politician who served as the 13th president of India from 2012 until 2017.

See Indian National Congress and Pranab Mukherjee

President of India

The president of India (IAST) is the head of state of the Republic of India.

See Indian National Congress and President of India

Prime Minister of India

The prime minister of India (ISO) is the head of government of the Republic of India.

See Indian National Congress and Prime Minister of India

Princely state

A princely state (also called native state or Indian state) was a nominally sovereign entity of the British Indian Empire that was not directly governed by the British, but rather by an Indian ruler under a form of indirect rule, subject to a subsidiary alliance and the suzerainty or paramountcy of the British crown.

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Private member's bill

A private member's bill is a bill (proposed law) introduced into a legislature by a legislator who is not acting on behalf of the executive branch.

See Indian National Congress and Private member's bill

Private sector

The private sector is the part of the economy which is owned by private groups, usually as a means of establishment for profit or non profit, rather than being owned by the government.

See Indian National Congress and Private sector

Privatization

Privatization (rendered privatisation in British English) can mean several different things, most commonly referring to moving something from the public sector into the private sector.

See Indian National Congress and Privatization

Privy Purse in India

In India, a privy purse was a payment made to the ruling families of erstwhile princely states as part of their agreements to first integrate with India in 1947 after the independence of India, and later to merge their states in 1949, thereby ending their ruling rights.

See Indian National Congress and Privy Purse in India

Priyanka Gandhi

Priyanka Gandhi Vadra (née Gandhi; born 12 January 1972) is an Indian politician and a general secretary of the All India Congress Committee.

See Indian National Congress and Priyanka Gandhi

Progressive Alliance

The Progressive Alliance (PA) is a political international of progressive and social democratic political parties and organisations founded on 22 May 2013 in Leipzig, Germany.

See Indian National Congress and Progressive Alliance

Public sector

The public sector, also called the state sector, is the part of the economy composed of both public services and public enterprises.

See Indian National Congress and Public sector

Puducherry (union territory)

Puducherry, also known as Pondicherry (Pondichéry), is a union territory of India, consisting of four small geographically unconnected districts.

See Indian National Congress and Puducherry (union territory)

Puducherry Legislative Assembly

The Puducherry Legislative Assembly (French: Assemblée législative de Pondichéry) is the unicameral legislature of the Indian union territory (UT) of Puducherry, which comprises four districts: Puducherry, Karaikal, Mahé and Yanam.

See Indian National Congress and Puducherry Legislative Assembly

Pune

Pune, previously spelled in English as Poona (the official name until 1978), is a city in Maharashtra state in the Deccan plateau in Western India.

See Indian National Congress and Pune

Punjab Legislative Assembly

The Punjab Legislative Assembly or the Punjab Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral legislature of the state of Punjab in India.

See Indian National Congress and Punjab Legislative Assembly

Punjab, India

Punjab (Also and other variants) is a state in northwestern India.

See Indian National Congress and Punjab, India

Purna Swaraj

The Declaration of Purna Swaraj was a resolution which was passed in 1930 because of the dissatisfaction among the Indian masses regarding the British offer of Dominion status to India. Indian National Congress and Purna Swaraj are Indian independence movement.

See Indian National Congress and Purna Swaraj

Quit India speech

The Quit India speech was given by Mahatma Gandhi on the eve of the Quit India Movement, August 8, 1942.

See Indian National Congress and Quit India speech

Rae Bareli Lok Sabha constituency

Rae Bareli is one of the 80 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

See Indian National Congress and Rae Bareli Lok Sabha constituency

Rahul Gandhi

Rahul Rajiv Gandhi (born 19 June 1970) is an Indian politician.

See Indian National Congress and Rahul Gandhi

Raj Narain

Raj Narain (23 November 1917 – 31 December 1986) was an Indian freedom fighter and politician.

See Indian National Congress and Raj Narain

Rajasthan Legislative Assembly

The Rajasthan Legislative Assembly or the Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Rajasthan.

See Indian National Congress and Rajasthan Legislative Assembly

Rajendra Prasad

Rajendra Prasad (born Rajendra Prasad Srivastava; 3 December 1884 – 28 February 1963) was an Indian politician, lawyer, journalist and scholar who served as the first president of India from 1950 to 1962.

See Indian National Congress and Rajendra Prasad

Rajiv Gandhi

Rajiv Gandhi (20 August 1944 – 21 May 1991) was an Indian politician who served as the Prime Minister of India from 1984 to 1989.

See Indian National Congress and Rajiv Gandhi

Rajya Sabha

The Rajya Sabha (lit: "States' Assembly"), also known as the Council of States, is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of India.

See Indian National Congress and Rajya Sabha

Ram Janmabhoomi

Ram Janmabhoomi is the site that, according to Hindu religious beliefs, is the birthplace of Rama, the seventh avatar of the Hindu deity Vishnu.

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Ramachandra Guha

Ramachandra "Ram" Guha (born 29 April 1958) is an Indian historian, environmentalist, writer and public intellectual whose research interests include social, political, contemporary, environmental and cricket history, and the field of economics.

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Randeep Surjewala

Randeep Singh Surjewala (born 3 June 1967) is an Indian politician from Haryana and a member of Indian National Congress party.

See Indian National Congress and Randeep Surjewala

Random House

Random House is an imprint and publishing group of Penguin Random House.

See Indian National Congress and Random House

Rashtriya Janata Dal

The Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD; translation: National People's Party) is an Indian political party, based in the states of Bihar, Jharkhand and Kerala. Indian National Congress and Rashtriya Janata Dal are member parties of the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance and political parties in India.

See Indian National Congress and Rashtriya Janata Dal

Ravneet Singh Bittu

Ravneet Singh Bittu is an Indian politician serving as the Minister of State for Railways and as the Minister of State for Food Processing Industries in the Third Modi ministry.

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Red tape

Red tape is an idiom referring to regulations or conformity to formal rules or standards which are claimed to be excessive, rigid or redundant, or to bureaucracy claimed to hinder or prevent action or decision-making.

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Rediff.com

Rediff.com, stylized as rediff.com, is an Indian news, information, entertainment, and shopping website.

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Reserve Bank of India

The Reserve Bank of India, abbreviated as RBI, is India's central bank and regulatory body responsible for regulation of the Indian banking system.

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Revanth Reddy

Anumula Revanth Reddy (born 8 November 1969) is an Indian politician who is serving as the second and current Chief Minister of Telangana since 7 December 2023.

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Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009

The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act or Right to Education Act (RTE) is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted on 4 August 2009, which describes the modalities of the importance of free and compulsory education for children between the age of 6 to 14 years in India under Article 21A of the Indian Constitution.

See Indian National Congress and Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009

Right to education

The right to education has been recognized as a human right in a number of international conventions, including the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights which recognizes a right to free, primary education for all, an obligation to develop secondary education accessible to all with the progressive introduction of free secondary education, as well as an obligation to develop equitable access to higher education, ideally by the progressive introduction of free higher education.

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Right to health

The right to health is the economic, social, and cultural right to a universal minimum standard of health to which all individuals are entitled.

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Right to Information Act, 2005

The Right to Information (RTI) is an act of the Parliament of India which sets out the rules and procedures regarding citizens' right to information.

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Routledge

Routledge is a British multinational publisher.

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Rowman & Littlefield

Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group is an American independent academic publishing company founded in 1949.

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Rutgers University Press

Rutgers University Press (RUP) is a nonprofit academic publishing house, operating in New Brunswick, New Jersey under the auspices of Rutgers University.

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S. K. Patil

Sadashiv Kanoji Patil (abbreviated as S. K. Patil) (1898–1981) was a former Congress leader from Maharashtra.

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S. Nijalingappa

Siddavanahalli Nijalingappa (10 December 1902 – 8 August 2000) was an Indian Congress Party politician, lawyer, and Indian independence activist.

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Sabarkantha Lok Sabha constituency

Sabarkantha Lok Sabha constituency (સાબરકાંઠા લોકસભા મતવિસ્તાર / साबरकांठा) is one of 26 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Gujarat state in western India.

See Indian National Congress and Sabarkantha Lok Sabha constituency

Sachin Pilot

Captain Sachin Rajesh Pilot (born 7 September 1977) is an Indian politician.

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Saffron (color)

Saffron is a shade of yellow or orange, the colour of the tip of the saffron crocus thread, from which the spice saffron is derived.

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Sage Publishing

Sage Publishing, formerly SAGE Publications, is an American independent academic publishing company, founded in 1965 in New York City by Sara Miller McCune and now based in the Newbury Park neighborhood of Thousand Oaks, California.

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Sales tax

A sales tax is a tax paid to a governing body for the sales of certain goods and services.

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Samajwadi Alliance

Samajwadi Alliance (SP+; Socialist Alliance), is a major political alliance led by Samajwadi Party in Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

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Samajwadi Party

The Samajwadi Party (SP) is a socialist political party in India. Indian National Congress and Samajwadi Party are full member parties of the Socialist International, member parties of the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance and progressive Alliance.

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Samyukta Vidhayak Dal

Samyukta Vidhayak Dal was a coalition of parties formed in several north Indian states after the 1967 assembly elections, made up of the Bharatiya Kranti Dal, the Samyukta Socialist Party, the Praja Socialist Party and the Jana Sangh. Indian National Congress and Samyukta Vidhayak Dal are political parties in India.

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Sanjay Gandhi

Sanjay Gandhi (14 December 1946 23 June 1980) was an Indian politician and the younger son of Indira Gandhi and Feroze Gandhi.

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Sanskrit

Sanskrit (attributively संस्कृत-,; nominally संस्कृतम्) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Sarat Chandra Bose

Sarat Chandra Bose (6 September 1889 – 20 February 1950) was an Indian barrister and independence activist.

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Sarva Dharma Sama Bhava

Sarva Dharma Sama Bhava is a concept coined by Mahatma Gandhi that embodies the equality of the destination of the paths followed by all religions.

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Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, or SSA, is an Indian Government programme aimed at the universalisation of Elementary education "in a time bound manner", the 86th Amendment to the Constitution of India making free and compulsory education to children between the ages of 6 and 14 (estimated to be 206 million children in 2001) a fundamental right (Article- 21A).

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Sarvodaya Karnataka Paksha

Sarvodaya Karnataka Paksha, also called Sarvodaya Karnataka Party, is an Indian political party mainly based in Karnataka state of India. Indian National Congress and Sarvodaya Karnataka Paksha are political parties in India.

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Satwant Singh

Satwant Singh (1962 – 6 January 1989) was one of the bodyguards, along with Beant Singh, who assassinated the Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, at her New Delhi residence on 31 October 1984.

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Satyagraha

Satyāgraha (सत्याग्रह; satya: "truth", āgraha: "insistence" or "holding firmly to"), or "holding firmly to truth", or "truth force", is a particular form of nonviolent resistance or civil resistance.

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Section 377

Section 377 is a British colonial penal code that criminalized all sexual acts "against the order of nature".

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Secular Democratic Alliance

Secular Democratic Alliance or Left-Congress Alliance is a political alliance formed ahead of the 2024 Indian general election in West Bengal by the Left Front and the Indian National Congress in opposition to the Trinamool Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party in West Bengal.

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Secular Progressive Alliance

Secular Progressive Alliance formerly known as Democratic Progressive Alliance is an alliance of Indian political parties formed by the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK).

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Secular state

A secular state is an idea pertaining to secularity, whereby a state is or purports to be officially neutral in matters of religion, supporting neither religion nor irreligion.

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Secularism

Secularism is the principle of seeking to conduct human affairs based on naturalistic considerations, uninvolved with religion.

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Secularism in India

India since its independence in 1947 has been a secular state.

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Seva Dal

The Seva Dal is an organization of the Indian National Congress.

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Sharad Pawar

Sharadchandra Govindrao Pawar (Marathi pronunciation: ʃəɾəd̪ pəʋaːɾ, born 12 December 1940) is an Indian politician.

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Shashi Tharoor

Shashi Tharoor (born 9 March 1956) is an Indian politician, historian, public intellectual, writer, and former diplomat, who has been serving as Member of Parliament for Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, since 2009.

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Shiv Jayanti

Shiv Jayanti, also known as Shivaji festival, is a festival and public holiday of the Indian state of Maharashtra.

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Siddaramaiah

Siddaramaiah (born 3 August 1947), also referred to by his nickname Siddu, is an Indian politician who is serving as the 22nd Chief Minister of Karnataka from 20 May 2023.

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Sikkim Legislative Assembly

The Sikkim Legislative Assembly is the unicameral state legislature of Sikkim state in north-eastern India.

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Sino-Indian War

The Sino–Indian War, also known as the China–India War or the Indo–China War, was an armed conflict between China and India that took place from October to November 1962.

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Sitaram Kesri

Sitaram Kesri (15 November 1919 – 24 October 2000) was an Indian politician and parliamentarian.

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Sky blue

Sky blue refers to a collection of shades comparable to that of a clear daytime sky.

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Smiling Buddha

Smiling Buddha (MEA designation: Pokhran-I) was the code name of India's first successful nuclear weapon test on 18 May 1974.

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Social democracy is a political, social, and economic philosophy within socialism that supports political and economic democracy and supports a gradualist, reformist and democratic approach towards achieving socialism.

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Social equality is a state of affairs in which all individuals within society have equal rights, liberties, and status, possibly including civil rights, freedom of expression, autonomy, and equal access to certain public goods and social services.

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The logotype "Quaerite Libertatem et Altruismum" (Latin: as a transnational and neutral language) means "Seek Freedom and Altruism!".

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The social market economy (SOME; soziale Marktwirtschaft), also called Rhine capitalism, Rhine-Alpine capitalism, the Rhenish model, and social capitalism, is a socioeconomic model combining a free-market capitalist economic system alongside social policies and enough regulation to establish both fair competition within the market and generally a welfare state.

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Social stratification refers to a society's categorization of its people into groups based on socioeconomic factors like wealth, income, race, education, ethnicity, gender, occupation, social status, or derived power (social and political).

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Socialism is an economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership.

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The Socialist International (SI) is a political international or worldwide organisation of political parties which seek to establish democratic socialism, consisting mostly of social democratic political parties and labour organisations.

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Sonia Gandhi

Sonia Gandhi (born 9 December 1946) is an Indian politician.

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South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is the regional intergovernmental organization and geopolitical union of states in South Asia.

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South India

South India, also known as Southern India or Peninsular India, is the southern part of the Deccan Peninsula in India encompassing the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Telangana as well as the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry, occupying 19.31% of India's area and 20% of India's population.

See Indian National Congress and South India

Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

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State legislative assemblies of India

The State Legislative Assembly, or Vidhan Sabha, also called Vidhana Sabha, or Saasana Sabha, is a legislative body in each of the states and certain union territories of India.

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State legislative councils of India

The State Legislative Council, or Vidhan Parishad, or Saasana Mandali is the upper house in those states of India that have a bicameral state legislature; the lower house being the State Legislative Assembly.

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States and union territories of India

India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories, for a total of 36 entities.

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States of emergency in India

Part XVIII of the Constitution of India allows for a constitutional setup that can be proclaimed by the President of India as a state of emergency, when the consultant group perceives and warns against grave threats to the nation from internal and external sources or from financial situations of crisis.

See Indian National Congress and States of emergency in India

Subhadra Joshi

Subhadra Joshi (née Datta; 23 March 1919 – 30 October 2003; Sialkot, Punjab) was an Indian freedom activist, politician and parliamentarian from Indian National Congress.

See Indian National Congress and Subhadra Joshi

Subhas Chandra Bose

Subhas Chandra Bose (23 January 1897 – 18 August 1945) was an Indian nationalist whose defiance of British authority in India made him a hero among many Indians, but his wartime alliances with Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan left a legacy vexed by authoritarianism, anti-Semitism, and military failure.

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Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu

Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu (born 27 March 1964) is an Indian politician.

See Indian National Congress and Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu

Supreme Court of India

The Supreme Court of India (ISO: Bhārata kā Sarvōcca Nyāyālaya) is the supreme judicial authority and the highest court of the Republic of India.

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Surat Lok Sabha constituency

Surat Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 26 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Gujarat.

See Indian National Congress and Surat Lok Sabha constituency

Surat Split

The Surat Split was the splitting of the (INC) Indian National Congress into two groups - the Early Nationalists aka Moderates and Radicals aka Extremists - at the Surat session in 1907. Indian National Congress and Surat Split are Indian independence movement.

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Surendranath Banerjee

Sir Surendranath Banerjee (10 November 18486 August 1925), often known as Rashtraguru was Indian nationalist leader during the British Rule.

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Swadeshi movement

The Swadeshi movement was a self-sufficiency movement that was part of the Indian independence movement and contributed to the development of Indian nationalism. Indian National Congress and Swadeshi movement are Indian independence movement.

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Swaraj

Swarāj (Svarāja) sva "self", raj "rule") can mean generally self-governance or "self-rule". It was first used by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj to attain self rule from the Mughal Empire and the Adilshahi Sultanate. Later, the term was used synonymously with "home-rule" by Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati and later on by Mahatma Gandhi, but the word usually refers to Gandhi's concept of Indian independence from foreign domination. Indian National Congress and Swaraj are Indian independence movement.

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Swaraj Party

The Swaraj Party, established as the Congress-Khilafat Swaraj Party, was a political party formed in India on 1 January 1923 after the Gaya annual conference in December 1922 of the National Congress, that sought greater self-government and political freedom for the Indian people from the British Raj. Indian National Congress and Swaraj Party are Indian independence movement.

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Swaran Singh

Sardar Swaran Singh (19 August 1907 – 30 October 1994) was an Indian politician.

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T. T. Krishnamachari

Tiruvellore Thattai Krishnamachari (1899 1974) was an Indian politician who served as Finance Minister from 1956 to 1958 and from 1964 to 1966.

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Tajikistan

Tajikistan, officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a landlocked country in Central Asia.

See Indian National Congress and Tajikistan

Tamil Nadu

Tamil Nadu (TN) is the southernmost state of India.

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Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly

The Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

See Indian National Congress and Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly

Tashkent Declaration

The Tashkent Declaration was signed between India and Pakistan on 10 January 1966 to resolve the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.

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Tehran

Tehran (تهران) or Teheran is the capital and largest city of Iran as well as the largest in Tehran Province.

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Telangana

Telangana (ISO) is a state in India situated in the southern-central part of the Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau.

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Telangana Legislative Assembly

The Telangana Legislative Assembly (ISO: Telangāṇa Śāsana Sabha) is the lower house of the Telangana Legislature.

See Indian National Congress and Telangana Legislative Assembly

Telangana Legislative Council

The Telangana Legislative Council or Telangana Śāsana Mandali is the upper house of the Telangana Legislature of the Indian state of Telangana; the lower house being the Telangana Legislative Assembly.

See Indian National Congress and Telangana Legislative Council

Telugu Desam Party

The Telugu Desam Party (TDP) is an Indian regional political party with influence in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Indian National Congress and Telugu Desam Party are liberal parties in India, political parties in India and social liberal parties.

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Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act

Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, commonly known as TADA, was an Indian anti-terrorism law which was in force between 1985 and 1995 (modified in 1987) under the background of the Punjab insurgency and was applied to whole of India.

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The Caravan

The Caravan is an Indian English-language, long-form narrative journalism magazine covering politics and culture.

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The Economic Times

The Economic Times is an Indian English-language business-focused daily newspaper.

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The Economist

The Economist is a British weekly newspaper published in printed magazine format and digitally.

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The Economist Group

The Economist Newspaper Limited (commonly The Economist Group) is a media company headquartered in London, England.

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The Emergency (India)

The Emergency in India was a 21-month period from 1975 to 1977 when Prime Minister Indira Gandhi had a state of emergency declared across the country by citing internal and external threats to the country.

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The Indian Express

The Indian Express is an English-language Indian daily newspaper founded in 1932 by Ramnath Goenka with an investment by capitalist partner Raja Mohan Prasad.

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The National (Abu Dhabi)

The National is a UAE state-owned English-language daily newspaper published in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

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The New Indian Express

The New Indian Express is an Indian English-language broadsheet daily newspaper published by the Chennai-based Express Publications.

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The Times of India

The Times of India, also known by its abbreviation TOI, is an Indian English-language daily newspaper and digital news media owned and managed by The Times Group.

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The Wall Street Journal

The Wall Street Journal (WSJ), also referred to simply as the Journal, is an American newspaper based in New York City, with a focus on business and finance.

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The Week (Indian magazine)

The Week is an Indian news magazine founded in the year 1982 and published by The Malayala Manorama Co. Pvt. Ltd.

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ThePrint

The Print is an Indian online newspaper, owned by Printline Media Pvt Ltd.

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Third Front (India)

In Indian politics, the Third Front refers to temporary alliances which began in 1989 among smaller parties to offer a third option to Indian voters.

See Indian National Congress and Third Front (India)

Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons

The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT, is an international treaty intended to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament.

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Trinamool Congress

The All India Trinamool Congress (AITC) is an Indian political party that is mainly influential in the state of West Bengal. Indian National Congress and Trinamool Congress are centre-left parties in Asia, Centrist parties in India, liberal parties in India, member parties of the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance, national political parties in India, political parties in India and social liberal parties.

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Tripura

Tripura is a state in Northeast India.

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Tripura Legislative Assembly

The Tripura Legislative Assembly or Tripura Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Tripura, with 60 Members of the Legislative Assembly.

See Indian National Congress and Tripura Legislative Assembly

Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan is a country in Central Asia bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest and the Caspian Sea to the west.

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UNICEF

UNICEF, originally the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, officially United Nations Children's Fund since 1953, is an agency of the United Nations responsible for providing humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide.

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Union Council of Ministers

The Union Council of Ministers,Article 58 of the Constitution of India also called Union Cabinet is the principal executive organ of the Government of India, which functions as the senior decision-making body of the executive branch.

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United Democratic Front (Kerala)

The United Democratic Front (UDF) is the Indian National Congress-led alliance of centre to centre-right political parties in the Indian state of Kerala. Indian National Congress and United Democratic Front (Kerala) are social democratic parties in Asia.

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United Front (India, 1996)

The United Front was a coalition government of 13 political parties formed in India after the 1996 general elections.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.

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United Opposition Forum

United Opposition Forum (UOF), formerly known as Mahajot, is a political alliance of 15 secular and democratic parties in Indian state of Assam.

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United Progressive Alliance

The United Progressive Alliance (UPA; IAST: Saṁyukt Pragatiśīl Gaṭhabandhan) was a political alliance in India led by the Indian National Congress.

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United Provinces of Agra and Oudh

The United Provinces of Agra and Oudh was a province of India under the British Raj, which existed from 22 March 1902 to 1937; the official name was shortened by the Government of India Act 1935 to United Provinces (UP), by which the province had been commonly known, and by which name it was also a province of independent India until 1950.

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United States Congress

The United States Congress, or simply Congress, is the legislature of the federal government of the United States.

See Indian National Congress and United States Congress

University of Calcutta

The University of Calcutta (informally known as Calcutta University; CU) is a public state university located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

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Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act

The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act is an Indian law aimed at the prevention of unlawful activities associations in India.

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Untouchability

Untouchability is a form of social institution that legitimises and enforces practices that are discriminatory, humiliating, exclusionary and exploitative against people belonging to certain social groups.

See Indian National Congress and Untouchability

Utkal Congress

Utkal Congress was a political party in the Indian state of Odisha.

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Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh ('North Province') is a state in northern India.

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Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly

The Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, also known as Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Sabha, is the lower house of the bicameral legislature of Uttar Pradesh.

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Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council

The Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council also known as Uttar Pradesh Vidhan Parishad is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of Uttar Pradesh, a state in India.

See Indian National Congress and Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council

Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand, formerly known as Uttaranchal (the official name until 2007), is a state in northern India.

See Indian National Congress and Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly

The Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly, also known as the Uttarakhand Vidhan Sabha, is a unicameral governing and law making body of Uttarakhand, one of the 28 states of India.

See Indian National Congress and Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly

Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan, is a doubly landlocked country located in Central Asia.

See Indian National Congress and Uzbekistan

V. V. Giri

Varahagiri Venkata Giri (10 August 1894 – 24 June 1980) was an Indian politician and activist who served as the fourth president of India from 24 August 1969 to 24 August 1974.

See Indian National Congress and V. V. Giri

Vallabhbhai Patel

Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel (ISO: Vallabhbhāī Jhāvērabhāī Paṭēla; 31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950), commonly known as Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, was an Indian independence activist and barrister who served as the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of India from 1947 to 1950.

See Indian National Congress and Vallabhbhai Patel

Value-added tax

A value-added tax (VAT or goods and services tax (GST), general consumption tax (GCT)), is a consumption tax that is levied on the value added at each stage of a product's production and distribution.

See Indian National Congress and Value-added tax

Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi

Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi (VCK), formerly known as the Dalit Panthers of India or the Dalit Panthers Iyyakkam (DPI), is an Indian social movement and political party that seeks to combat caste based discrimination, active in the state of Tamil Nadu. The party also has a strong emphasis on Tamil nationalism. Indian National Congress and Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi are member parties of the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance and political parties in India.

See Indian National Congress and Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi

Voice of America

Voice of America (VOA or VoA) is an international radio broadcasting state media agency owned by the United States of America.

See Indian National Congress and Voice of America

Wayanad Lok Sabha constituency

Wayanad Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 20 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Kerala state in southern India.

See Indian National Congress and Wayanad Lok Sabha constituency

Welfare state

A welfare state is a form of government in which the state (or a well-established network of social institutions) protects and promotes the economic and social well-being of its citizens, based upon the principles of equal opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for citizens unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions for a good life.

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West Bengal

West Bengal (Bengali: Poshchim Bongo,, abbr. WB) is a state in the eastern portion of India.

See Indian National Congress and West Bengal

West Bengal Legislative Assembly

The West Bengal Legislative Assembly (IAST: Paścima Baṃga Vidhāna Sabhā) is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of West Bengal.

See Indian National Congress and West Bengal Legislative Assembly

Western Bloc

The Western Bloc, also known as the Capitalist Bloc, is an informal, collective term for countries that were officially allied with the United States during the Cold War of 1947–1991.

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White

White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no hue).

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William Wedderburn

Sir William Wedderburn, 4th Baronet, JP DL (25 March 1838 – 25 January 1918) was a British civil servant and politician who was a Liberal Party member of Parliament (MP).

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Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee

Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee (or Umesh Chandra Banerjee (29 December 1844 – 21 July 1906) was an Indian Independence activist, and barrister who practiced in England. He was a secretary of the London Indian society founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1865. He was a co-founder and the first president of Indian National Congress in 1885 at Bombay, served again as president in 1892 at Allahabad.

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World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

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World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

See Indian National Congress and World War II

Yashwantrao Chavan

Yashwantrao Balwantrao Chavan (Marathi pronunciation: jəʃʋənt̪ɾaːʋ t͡səʋʱaːɳ; 12 March 1913 – 25 November 1984) was an Indian freedom fighter and politician who served as 8th Minister of Finance from 1970 to 1971 & 1971 to 1974.

See Indian National Congress and Yashwantrao Chavan

Zee News

Zee News is an Indian Hindi-language right-wing news channel owned by Subhash Chandra's Essel Group.

See Indian National Congress and Zee News

10th Lok Sabha

The 10th Lok Sabha, (20 June 1991 – 10 May 1996) elected during 1991 Indian general election held during May–June 1991.

See Indian National Congress and 10th Lok Sabha

11th Lok Sabha

The 11th Lok Sabha was constituted after April–May 1996 general elections.

See Indian National Congress and 11th Lok Sabha

12th Lok Sabha

The 12th Lok Sabha (10 March 1998 – 26 April 1999), was constituted after the 1998 Indian general election held during February–March 1998.

See Indian National Congress and 12th Lok Sabha

13th Lok Sabha

The 13th Lok Sabha (10 October 1999 – 6 February 2004) is the thirteenth session of the Lok Sabha (House of the People, or lower house in the Parliament of India).

See Indian National Congress and 13th Lok Sabha

14th Lok Sabha

The 14th Lok Sabha (17 May 2004 – 18 May 2009) was convened after the 2004 Indian general election held in four phases during 20 April – 10 May 2004, which led to the formation of first Manmohan Singh ministry (2004–2009).

See Indian National Congress and 14th Lok Sabha

15th Lok Sabha

Members of the 15th Lok Sabha were elected during the 2009 general election in India.

See Indian National Congress and 15th Lok Sabha

16th Lok Sabha

Members of the 16th Lok Sabha were elected during the 2014 Indian general election.

See Indian National Congress and 16th Lok Sabha

17th Lok Sabha

The 17th Lok Sabha was formed by the members elected in the 2019 Indian general election.

See Indian National Congress and 17th Lok Sabha

18th Lok Sabha

The 18th Lok Sabha was formed after general elections were held in India over seven phases from 19 April to 1 June 2024, to elect all members from 543 constituencies of the Lok Sabha.

See Indian National Congress and 18th Lok Sabha

1934 Indian general election

General elections were held in British India in 1934.

See Indian National Congress and 1934 Indian general election

1937 Indian provincial elections

Provincial elections were held in British India in the winter of 1936–37 as mandated by the Government of India Act 1935. Indian National Congress and 1937 Indian provincial elections are Indian independence movement.

See Indian National Congress and 1937 Indian provincial elections

1945 Indian general election

General elections were held in British India in December 1945 to elect members of the Central Legislative Assembly and the Council of State.

See Indian National Congress and 1945 Indian general election

1951–52 Indian general election

General elections were held in India between 25 October 1951 and 21 February 1952, the first national elections after India attained independence in 1947.

See Indian National Congress and 1951–52 Indian general election

1957 Indian general election

General elections were held in India between 24 February and 14 March 1957, the second elections to the Lok Sabha after independence.

See Indian National Congress and 1957 Indian general election

1962 Indian general election

General elections were held in India between 19 and 25 February 1962 to elect members of the third Lok Sabha.

See Indian National Congress and 1962 Indian general election

1967 Indian general election

General elections were held in India between 17 and 21 February 1967 to elect 520 of the 523 members of the fourth Lok Sabha, an increase of 15 from the previous session of Lok Sabha.

See Indian National Congress and 1967 Indian general election

1971 Indian general election

General elections were held in India between 1 and 10 March 1971 to elect members of the fifth Lok Sabha.

See Indian National Congress and 1971 Indian general election

1975 Sikkimese monarchy referendum

A referendum on abolishing the monarchy was held in the Kingdom of Sikkim on 14 April 1975.

See Indian National Congress and 1975 Sikkimese monarchy referendum

1977 Indian general election

General elections were held in India between 16 and 20 March 1977 to elect the members of the sixth Lok Sabha.

See Indian National Congress and 1977 Indian general election

1980 Indian general election

General elections were held in India on 3 and 6 January 1980 to elect the members of the 7th Lok Sabha.

See Indian National Congress and 1980 Indian general election

1984 anti-Sikh riots

The 1984 anti-Sikh riots, also known as the 1984 Sikh massacre, was a series of organised pogroms against Sikhs in India following the assassination of Indira Gandhi by her Sikh bodyguards.

See Indian National Congress and 1984 anti-Sikh riots

1984 Indian general election

General elections were held in India on 24, 27 and 28 December 1984 soon after the assassination of previous Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi, though the vote in Assam and Punjab was delayed until 1985 due to ongoing insurgency.

See Indian National Congress and 1984 Indian general election

1989 Indian general election

General elections were held in India on 22 and 26 November 1989 to elect the members of the ninth Lok Sabha.

See Indian National Congress and 1989 Indian general election

1991 Indian economic crisis

The 1991 Indian economic crisis was an economic crisis in India resulting from a balance of payments deficit due to excess reliance on imports and other external factors.

See Indian National Congress and 1991 Indian economic crisis

1991 Indian general election

General elections were held in India on 20 May, 12 June and 15 June 1991 to elect the members of the 10th Lok Sabha, although they were delayed until 19 February 1992 in Punjab.

See Indian National Congress and 1991 Indian general election

1996 Indian general election

General elections were held in India on 27 April, 2 May and 7 May 1996 to elect the members of the eleventh Lok Sabha.

See Indian National Congress and 1996 Indian general election

1998 Indian general election

General elections were held in India on 16, 22 and 28 February 1998 to elect the members of the twelfth Lok Sabha.

See Indian National Congress and 1998 Indian general election

1999 Indian general election

General elections were held in India between 5 September and 3 October 1999, a few months after the Kargil War.

See Indian National Congress and 1999 Indian general election

1st Lok Sabha

The First Lok Sabha was constituted on 17 April 1952 after India's first general election.

See Indian National Congress and 1st Lok Sabha

2002 Gujarat riots

The 2002 Gujarat riots, also known as the 2002 Gujarat violence or the Gujarat pogrom, was a three-day period of inter-communal violence in the western Indian state of Gujarat.

See Indian National Congress and 2002 Gujarat riots

2004 Indian general election

General elections were held in India in four phases between 20 April and 10 May 2004.

See Indian National Congress and 2004 Indian general election

2006 Indian anti-reservation protests

The 2006 Indian anti-reservation protests were a series of protests that took place in India in 2006 in opposition to the decision of the Union Government of India, led by the Indian National Congress-headed multiparty coalition United Progressive Alliance, to implement reservations for the Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in central and private institutes of higher education.

See Indian National Congress and 2006 Indian anti-reservation protests

2008 Mumbai attacks

The 2008 Mumbai attacks (also referred to as 26/11 attacks) were a series of terrorist attacks that took place in November 2008, when 10 members of Lashkar-e-Taiba, a militant Islamist organisation from Pakistan, carried out 12 coordinated shooting and bombing attacks lasting four days across Mumbai.

See Indian National Congress and 2008 Mumbai attacks

2009 Indian general election

General elections were held in India in five phases between 16 April 2009 and 13 May 2009 to elect the members of the fifteenth Lok Sabha.

See Indian National Congress and 2009 Indian general election

2014 Indian general election

General elections were held in India in nine phases from 7 April to 12 May 2014 to elect the members of the 16th Lok Sabha.

See Indian National Congress and 2014 Indian general election

2015–2016 Arunachal Pradesh political crisis

Starting April 2015, the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh underwent a political crisis.

See Indian National Congress and 2015–2016 Arunachal Pradesh political crisis

2019 Indian general election

General elections were held in India in seven phases from 11 April to 19 May 2019 to elect the members of the 17th Lok Sabha.

See Indian National Congress and 2019 Indian general election

2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election

Legislative Assembly elections were held in Jharkhand, India, from 30 November to 20 December 2019 to elect the 81 members of the 5th Jharkhand Legislative Assembly.

See Indian National Congress and 2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election

2019 Karnataka political crisis

The 2019 Karnataka political crisis was a period of political instability when members of the legislative assembly in the Indian State of Karnataka submitted their resignations, which led to the fall of the Congress-JD(S) coalition government in the state.

See Indian National Congress and 2019 Karnataka political crisis

2020 Madhya Pradesh political crisis

In March 2020, a political crisis took place in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India, due to the resignation of 22 sitting MLAs of the Indian National Congress party from the state's Legislative Assembly.

See Indian National Congress and 2020 Madhya Pradesh political crisis

2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election

The Sixteenth Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Election was held on 6 April 2021, to elect representatives from the 234 constituencies in the Indian State of Tamil Nadu.

See Indian National Congress and 2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election

2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election

Legislative Assembly elections were held in Himachal Pradesh on 12 November 2022 to elect 68 members of the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly.

See Indian National Congress and 2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election

2022 Indian National Congress leadership election

The 2022 Indian National Congress leadership election was an internal party election that was held to elect the next president of the Indian National Congress.

See Indian National Congress and 2022 Indian National Congress leadership election

2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election

Legislative Assembly elections were held in Karnataka on 10 May 2023 to elect all 224 members of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly.

See Indian National Congress and 2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election

2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election

The 2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election was held on 30 November 2023 to elect all 119 members of Telangana Legislative Assembly for its third term.

See Indian National Congress and 2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election

2024 Indian general election

General elections were held in India from 19 April to 1 June 2024 in seven phases, to elect all 543 members of the Lok Sabha.

See Indian National Congress and 2024 Indian general election

2G spectrum case

The 2G spectrum case was a political controversy in which politicians and private officials of the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) coalition government India were allegedly involved in selling or allotting 122 2G spectrum licenses on conditions that provided an advantage to specific telecom operators.

See Indian National Congress and 2G spectrum case

2nd Lok Sabha

The Second Lok Sabha (5 April 1957 – 31 March 1962) was elected after the 1957 Indian general election.

See Indian National Congress and 2nd Lok Sabha

3rd Lok Sabha

The 3rd Lok Sabha, (2 April 1962 – 3 March 1967) was elected in February–March 1962.

See Indian National Congress and 3rd Lok Sabha

4th Lok Sabha

The 4th Lok Sabha was in session from 4 March 1967 to 27 December 1970.

See Indian National Congress and 4th Lok Sabha

5th Lok Sabha

The 5th Lok Sabha (15 March 1971 — 18 January 1977) was elected during February–March 1971.The term of the House was extended two times by one year at a time.

See Indian National Congress and 5th Lok Sabha

6th Lok Sabha

The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India.

See Indian National Congress and 6th Lok Sabha

7th Lok Sabha

The 7th Lok Sabha, (18 January 1980 – 31 December 1984) was elected in 1980 Indian general election.

See Indian National Congress and 7th Lok Sabha

8th Lok Sabha

The 8th Lok Sabha ran from 31 December 1984 to 27 November 1989.

See Indian National Congress and 8th Lok Sabha

9th Lok Sabha

The 9th Lok Sabha (2 December 1989 – 13 March 1991) was elected during elections in 22–26 November 1989.

See Indian National Congress and 9th Lok Sabha

See also

1885 establishments in India

• Angami Baptist Church Council
• Cathedral School of Lucknow
• Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Hospital, Shimla
• Department of Commercial Taxes and Registration (Tamil Nadu)
• Fazilka
• Gaibandha Government Boys' High School
• Goodlet Higher Secondary School
• Government Model Boys Higher Secondary School
• Hasan Ali Government High School
• Indian National Congress
• Karnataka State Department of Archaeology
• Kazem Ali School and College
• Khulna Zilla School
• Kuki Christian Church
• List of presidents of the Indian National Congress
• Minicoy Island Lighthouse
• Mount Carmel Convent Anglo-Indian Girls High School
• Raja Balwant Singh College
• Sindh Madressatul Islam University
• St Stephen's Hospital, Delhi
• St. Antony Church, Naravi
• St. Antony Church, Ujire
• St. Francis' College
• St. George's Higher Secondary School
• St. Mary's High School, Secunderabad
• St. Teresa's Secondary School
• Surendranath Law College
• Thrissur Zoo
• Vasantrao Naik Government Institute of Arts and Social Sciences

Centrist parties in India

• Aam Aadmi Party
• All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
• Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam
• Azad Adhikar Sena
• Indian National Congress
• Makkal Needhi Maiam
• Trinamool Congress

Liberal parties in India

• Biju Janata Dal
• Indian National Congress
• Indian National Congress (U)
• Indian National Lok Dal
• Janata Party (Secular)
• Nationalist Congress Party
• Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar
• Swabhimani Paksha
• Telugu Desam Party
• Trinamool Congress

Member parties of the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance

• Aam Aadmi Party
• All India Forward Bloc
• Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)
• Bharat Adivasi Party
• Communist Party of India
• Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation
• Communist Party of India (Marxist)
• Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
• Indian National Congress
• Indian Union Muslim League
• Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
• Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party
• Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party
• Janata Dal (United)
• Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
• Kerala Congress
• Kerala Congress (M)
• Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi
• Manithaneya Makkal Katchi
• Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
• Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar
• Peasants and Workers Party of India
• Rashtriya Janata Dal
• Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)
• Samajwadi Party
• Shiv Sena (UBT)
• Trinamool Congress
• Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi

National political parties in India

• Aam Aadmi Party
• Bahujan Samaj Party
• Bharatiya Janata Party
• Communist Party of India
• Communist Party of India (Marxist)
• Indian National Congress
• Indian National Congress (Organisation)
• Trinamool Congress

Nationalist parties in India

• Aam Aadmi Party
• Asom Gana Parishad
• Azad Adhikar Sena
• Bharatiya Janata Party
• Indian National Congress

Political parties established in 1885

• Armenakan Party
• Belgian Labour Party
• Bristol Socialist Society
• Independent Liberal Party (Chile)
• Indian National Congress
• Irish Loyal and Patriotic Union
• Liberal Union (Netherlands)
• Parti National (Quebec)
• Socialist League (UK, 1885)

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress

Also known as All India National Congress, Bharatiya Rashtriya Congress, Congress (India), Congress (Indira), Congress I, Congress Parliamentary Party, Congress Party (India), Congress alliance, Congress party, Congress party of India, Congress(I), Congress+, I.N.C., INC (I), INC (India), INC Political Party, Ideology of the Indian National Congress, India Congress Party, India National Congress, Indian Congress Party, Indian National Congress (I), Indian National Congress (Indira), Indian National Congress - I, Indian National Congress Party, Indian National Congress+, Indian Overseas Congress UK, Indira Congress, Indira Gandhi Congress, Leader of Indian National Congress in Lok Sabha, Leader of the Indian National Congress in the Parliament of India, Post-independence Congress party, Save Goa Front, The Indian National Congress.

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