Indo-Iranians, the Glossary
The Indo-Iranian peoples, also known as Ā́rya or Aryans from their self-designation, were a group of Indo-European speaking peoples who brought the Indo-Iranian languages to major parts of Eurasia in waves from the first part of the 2nd millennium BC onwards.[1]
Table of Contents
245 relations: Aban, Abashevo culture, Abrahamic religions, Achaemenid Empire, Aeëtes, Afanasievo culture, Afghanistan, Ahriman, Ahura, Ahura Mazda, Airyaman, Alans, Ame-no-Uzume, Ameretat, Amesha Spenta, Anahita, Anatolia, Andronovo culture, Angiras, Ap (water), Apam Napat, Apaosha, Apollonius of Rhodes, Archaeological culture, Argonautica, Ariana, Aryaman, Aryan, Aryanization, Asha, Ashvins, Asman, Assam, Assamese language, Assyria, Asura, Atar, Atharvan, Australia, Avesta, Avestan, Āryāvarta, Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex, Balochi language, Balts, Bangladesh, Bartholomae's law, Bengal, Bengali Brahmin, Bhaga, ... Expand index (195 more) »
- Ancient peoples of Asia
- Indo-European peoples
- Indo-Iranian peoples
Aban
Apas (āpas) is the Avestan language term for "the waters", which, in its innumerable aggregate states, is represented by the Apas, the hypostases of the waters.
Abashevo culture
The Abashevo culture (Abashevskaya kul'tura) is a late Middle Bronze Age archaeological culture, ca.
See Indo-Iranians and Abashevo culture
Abrahamic religions
The Abrahamic religions are a grouping of three of the major religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) together due to their historical coexistence and competition; it refers to Abraham, a figure mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, the Christian Bible, and the Quran, and is used to show similarities between these religions and put them in contrast to Indian religions, Iranian religions, and the East Asian religions (though other religions and belief systems may refer to Abraham as well).
See Indo-Iranians and Abrahamic religions
Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (𐎧𐏁𐏂), was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC.
See Indo-Iranians and Achaemenid Empire
Aeëtes
Aeëtes, or Aeeta, was the ruler of the eponymous realm of Aea in Greek mythology, a wondrous realm which from the fifth century B.C.E. onward became identified with the kingdom of Colchis east in the Black Sea.
Afanasievo culture
The Afanasievo culture, or Afanasevo culture (Afanasevan culture) (Афанасьевская культура Afanas'yevskaya kul'tura), is an early archaeological culture of south Siberia, occupying the Minusinsk Basin and the Altai Mountains during the eneolithic era, 3300 to 2500 BCE. Indo-Iranians and Afanasievo culture are nomadic groups in Eurasia.
See Indo-Iranians and Afanasievo culture
Afghanistan
Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia.
See Indo-Iranians and Afghanistan
Ahriman
Angra Mainyu (Avestan: Aŋra Mainiiu) or Ahriman (اهريمن) is the Avestan name of Zoroastrianism's hypostasis of the "destructive/evil spirit" and the main adversary in Zoroastrianism either of the Spenta Mainyu, the "holy/creative spirits/mentality", or directly of Ahura Mazda, the highest deity of Zoroastrianism.
Ahura
Ahura (Avestan: 𐬀𐬵𐬎𐬭𐬀) is an Avestan language designation of a type of deity inherited by Zoroastrianism from the prehistoric Indo-Iranian religion, and denotes a particular class of Zoroastrian divinities.
Ahura Mazda
Ahura Mazda (𐬀𐬵𐬎𐬭𐬀 𐬨𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬁|translit.
See Indo-Iranians and Ahura Mazda
Airyaman
In the Avesta, airyaman (or airiiaman) is both an Avestan language common noun and the proper name of a Zoroastrian divinity.
See Indo-Iranians and Airyaman
Alans
The Alans (Latin: Alani) were an ancient and medieval Iranic nomadic pastoral people who migrated to what is today North Caucasus – while some continued on to Europe and later North-Africa. Indo-Iranians and Alans are nomadic groups in Eurasia.
Ame-no-Uzume
is the goddess of dawn, mirth, meditation, revelry and the arts in the Shinto religion of Japan, and the wife of fellow-god Sarutahiko Ōkami.
See Indo-Iranians and Ame-no-Uzume
Ameretat
Amerdad (Avestan: 𐬀𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬁𐬙 Amərətāt) is the Avestan language name of the Zoroastrian divinity/divine concept of immortality.
See Indo-Iranians and Ameretat
Amesha Spenta
In Zoroastrianism, the Amesha Spenta (𐬀𐬨𐬆𐬱𐬀⸱𐬯𐬞𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬀|Aməša Spəṇta—literally "Immortal (which is) holy/bounteous/furthering") are a class of seven divine entities emanating from Ahura Mazda, the highest divinity of the religion.
See Indo-Iranians and Amesha Spenta
Anahita
Anahita or Annahita is the Old Persian form of the name of an Iranian goddess and appears in complete and earlier form as Aradvi Sura Anahita (Arədvī Sūrā Anāhitā), the Avestan name of an Indo-Iranian cosmological figure venerated as the divinity of "the Waters" (Aban) and hence associated with fertility, healing and wisdom.
Anatolia
Anatolia (Anadolu), also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula or a region in Turkey, constituting most of its contemporary territory.
See Indo-Iranians and Anatolia
Andronovo culture
The Andronovo culture is a collection of similar local Late Bronze Age cultures that flourished 2000–1150 BC,Grigoriev, Stanislav, (2021).
See Indo-Iranians and Andronovo culture
Angiras
Angiras or Angira (अङ्गिरा) was a Vedic rishi (sage) of Hinduism.
Ap (water)
Ap is the Vedic Sanskrit term for "water", which in Classical Sanskrit only occurs in the plural (sometimes re-analysed as a thematic singular), whence Hindi.
See Indo-Iranians and Ap (water)
Apam Napat
Apam Napat is a deity in the Indo-Iranian pantheon associated with water.
See Indo-Iranians and Apam Napat
Apaosha
Apaosha (Apaoša, Apauša) is the Avestan language name of Zoroastrianism's demon of drought.
Apollonius of Rhodes
Apollonius of Rhodes (Ἀπολλώνιος Ῥόδιος Apollṓnios Rhódios; Apollonius Rhodius; fl. first half of 3rd century BC) was an ancient Greek author, best known for the Argonautica, an epic poem about Jason and the Argonauts and their quest for the Golden Fleece.
See Indo-Iranians and Apollonius of Rhodes
Archaeological culture
An archaeological culture is a recurring assemblage of types of artifacts, buildings and monuments from a specific period and region that may constitute the material culture remains of a particular past human society.
See Indo-Iranians and Archaeological culture
Argonautica
The Argonautica (translit) is a Greek epic poem written by Apollonius Rhodius in the 3rd century BC.
See Indo-Iranians and Argonautica
Ariana
Ariana was a general geographical term used by some Greek and Roman authors of the ancient period for a district of wide extent between Central Asia and the Indus River, comprising the eastern provinces of the Achaemenid Empire that covered the whole of modern-day Afghanistan, as well as the easternmost part of Iran and up to the Indus River in Pakistan. Indo-Iranians and Ariana are nomadic groups in Eurasia.
Aryaman
Aryaman is one of the early Vedic Hindu deities.
Aryan
Aryan or Arya (Indo-Iranian arya) is a term originally used as an ethnocultural self-designation by Indo-Iranians in ancient times, in contrast to the nearby outsiders known as 'non-Aryan' (an-arya). Indo-Iranians and aryan are indo-Iranian peoples.
Aryanization
Aryanization (Arisierung) was the Nazi term for the seizure of property from Jews and its transfer to non-Jews, and the forced expulsion of Jews from economic life in Nazi Germany, Axis-aligned states, and their occupied territories.
See Indo-Iranians and Aryanization
Asha
Asha or arta (𐬀𐬴𐬀) is a Zoroastrian concept with a complex and highly nuanced range of meaning.
Ashvins
The Ashvins (lit), also known as the Ashvini Kumaras and Asvinau,, §1.42.
Asman
Asman (translit) is the Avestan and Middle Persian name of the Zoroastrian divinity that is the hypostasis of the sky.
Assam
Assam is a state in northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys.
Assamese language
Assamese or Asamiya (অসমীয়া) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken mainly in the north-eastern Indian state of Assam, where it is an official language.
See Indo-Iranians and Assamese language
Assyria
Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: x16px, māt Aššur) was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization which existed as a city-state from the 21st century BC to the 14th century BC, which eventually expanded into an empire from the 14th century BC to the 7th century BC.
Asura
Asuras are a class of beings in Indian religions.
Atar
Atar, Atash, Azar (translit) or Dāštāɣni,, s.v. agni-. is the Zoroastrian concept of holy fire, sometimes described in abstract terms as "burning and unburning fire" or "visible and invisible fire" (Mirza, 1987:389).
Atharvan
Atharvan (an n-stem with nominative singular) is a legendary Vedic sage (rishi) of Hinduism, who along with Angiras, is supposed to have authored ("heard") the Atharvaveda.
See Indo-Iranians and Atharvan
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.
See Indo-Iranians and Australia
Avesta
The Avesta is the primary collection of religious texts of Zoroastrianism from at least the late Sassanid period (ca. 6th century CE).
Avestan
Avestan is an umbrella term for two Old Iranian languages, Old Avestan (spoken in the 2nd to 1st millennium BC) and Younger Avestan (spoken in the 1st millennium BC).
Āryāvarta
Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, lit. "Land of the Aryans",, Monier Williams Sanskrit English Dictionary (1899)) is a term for the northern Indian subcontinent in the ancient Hindu texts such as ''Dharmashastras'' and Sutras, referring to the areas of the Indo-Gangetic Plain and surrounding regions settled by Indo-Aryan tribes and where Indo-Aryan religion and rituals predominated.
See Indo-Iranians and Āryāvarta
Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
The Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC) is the modern archaeological designation for a particular Middle Bronze Age civilisation of southern Central Asia, also known as the Oxus Civilization.
See Indo-Iranians and Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
Balochi language
Balochi (rtl, romanized) is a Northwestern Iranian language, spoken primarily in the Balochistan region of Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan.
See Indo-Iranians and Balochi language
Balts
The Balts or Baltic peoples (baltai, balti) are a group of peoples inhabiting the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea who speak Baltic languages. Indo-Iranians and balts are indo-European peoples.
Bangladesh
Bangladesh, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia.
See Indo-Iranians and Bangladesh
Bartholomae's law
Bartholomae's law, sometimes referred to as the Buddha rule, is a Proto-Indo-Iranian sound law affecting consonant clusters.
See Indo-Iranians and Bartholomae's law
Bengal
Geographical distribution of the Bengali language Bengal (Bôṅgo) or endonym Bangla (Bāṅlā) is a historical geographical, ethnolinguistic and cultural term referring to a region in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal.
Bengali Brahmin
Bengali Brahmins are the community of Hindu Brahmins, who traditionally reside in the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent, currently comprising the Indian state of West Bengal and the country of Bangladesh.
See Indo-Iranians and Bengali Brahmin
Bhaga
Bhaga is the Vedic god of wealth, as well as a term for "lord, patron" and "wealth, prosperity".
Bhoota (ghost)
A bhoota or bhuta (भूत, bhūta) is a supernatural creature, usually the ghost of a deceased person, in the popular culture, literature and some ancient texts of the Indian subcontinent.
See Indo-Iranians and Bhoota (ghost)
Black Sea
The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia.
See Indo-Iranians and Black Sea
Brugmann's law
Brugmann's law, named for Karl Brugmann, is a sound law stating that in the Indo-Iranian languages, the earlier Proto-Indo-European normally became in Proto-Indo-Iranian but *ā in open syllables if it was followed by one consonant and another vowel.
See Indo-Iranians and Brugmann's law
Canada
Canada is a country in North America.
Caribbean Hindustani
Caribbean Hindustani (कैरेबियाई हिंदुस्तानी; Kaithi: 𑂍𑂶𑂩𑂵𑂥𑂱𑂨𑂰𑂆⸱𑂯𑂱𑂁𑂠𑂳𑂮𑂹𑂞𑂰𑂢𑂲; Perso-Arabic) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by Indo-Caribbeans and the Indo-Caribbean diaspora.
See Indo-Iranians and Caribbean Hindustani
Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, often described as the world's largest lake and sometimes referred to as a full-fledged sea.
See Indo-Iranians and Caspian Sea
Catacomb culture
The Catacomb culture (Katakombnaya kul'tura, Katakombna kul'tura) was a Bronze Age culture which flourished on the Pontic steppe in 2,500–1,950 BC.
See Indo-Iranians and Catacomb culture
Caucasus
The Caucasus or Caucasia, is a transcontinental region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia.
See Indo-Iranians and Caucasus
Cemetery H culture
The Cemetery H culture was a Bronze Age culture in the Punjab region in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, from about 1900 BCE until about 1300 BCE.
See Indo-Iranians and Cemetery H culture
Central Asia
Central Asia is a subregion of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the southwest and Eastern Europe in the northwest to Western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north.
See Indo-Iranians and Central Asia
Centum and satem languages
Languages of the Indo-European family are classified as either centum languages or satem languages according to how the dorsal consonants (sounds of "K", "G" and "Y" type) of the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) developed.
See Indo-Iranians and Centum and satem languages
Chandragupta Maurya
Chandragupta Maurya (350–295 BCE) was the Emperor of Magadha from 322 BC to 297 BC and founder of the Maurya dynasty which ruled over a geographically-extensive empire based in Magadha.
See Indo-Iranians and Chandragupta Maurya
Chariot
A chariot is a type of cart driven by a charioteer, usually using horses to provide rapid motive power.
Chariot burial
Chariot burials are tombs in which the deceased was buried together with their chariot, usually including their horses and other possessions.
See Indo-Iranians and Chariot burial
Cimmerians
The Cimmerians were an ancient Eastern Iranic equestrian nomadic people originating in the Pontic–Caspian steppe, part of whom subsequently migrated into West Asia. Indo-Iranians and Cimmerians are indo-European peoples and nomadic groups in Eurasia.
See Indo-Iranians and Cimmerians
Cognate
In historical linguistics, cognates or lexical cognates are sets of words that have been inherited in direct descent from an etymological ancestor in a common parent language.
Colchis
In classical antiquity and Greco-Roman geography, Colchis was an exonym for the Georgian polity of Egrisi (ეგრისი) located on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, centered in present-day western Georgia.
Daeva
A daeva (Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 daēuua) is a Zoroastrian supernatural entity with disagreeable characteristics.
Danube
The Danube (see also other names) is the second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia.
Dasa
Dasa (Dāsa) is a Sanskrit word found in ancient Indian texts such as the Rigveda, Pali canon, and the Arthashastra.
Deva (Hinduism)
Deva (Sanskrit: देव) means "shiny", "exalted", "heavenly being", "divine being", "anything of excellence", and is also one of the Sanskrit terms used to indicate a deity in Hinduism.
See Indo-Iranians and Deva (Hinduism)
Dravidian peoples
The Dravidian peoples are an ethnolinguistic supraethnicity composed of many distinct ethnolinguistic groups native to South Asia (predominantly India).
See Indo-Iranians and Dravidian peoples
Early Slavs
The early Slavs were speakers of Indo-European dialects who lived during the Migration Period and the Early Middle Ages (approximately from the 5th to the 10th centuries AD) in Central, Eastern and Southeast Europe and established the foundations for the Slavic nations through the Slavic states of the Early and High Middle Ages.
See Indo-Iranians and Early Slavs
Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent.
See Indo-Iranians and Eastern Europe
Eastern Iranian languages
The Eastern Iranian languages are a subgroup of the Iranian languages, having emerged during the Middle Iranian era (4th century BC to 9th century AD).
See Indo-Iranians and Eastern Iranian languages
Elam
Elam (Linear Elamite: hatamti; Cuneiform Elamite:; Sumerian:; Akkadian:; עֵילָם ʿēlām; 𐎢𐎺𐎩 hūja) was an ancient civilization centered in the far west and southwest of modern-day Iran, stretching from the lowlands of what is now Khuzestan and Ilam Province as well as a small part of southern Iraq.
Encyclopædia Iranica
Encyclopædia Iranica is a project whose goal is to create a comprehensive and authoritative English-language encyclopedia about the history, culture, and civilization of Iranian peoples from prehistory to modern times.
See Indo-Iranians and Encyclopædia Iranica
Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture
The Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture (EIEC) is an encyclopedia of Indo-European studies and the Proto-Indo-Europeans.
See Indo-Iranians and Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture
Eurasia
Eurasia is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia.
Eurasian Steppe
The Eurasian Steppe, also called the Great Steppe or The Steppes, is the vast steppe ecoregion of Eurasia in the temperate grasslands, savannas and shrublands biome. Indo-Iranians and Eurasian Steppe are nomadic groups in Eurasia.
See Indo-Iranians and Eurasian Steppe
Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
Fiji Hindi
Fiji Hindi (Devanagari: फ़िजी हिंदी; Kaithi: 𑂣𑂺𑂱𑂔𑂲⸱𑂯𑂱𑂁𑂠𑂲; Perso-Arabic) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by Indo-Fijians.
See Indo-Iranians and Fiji Hindi
Gandhara
Gandhara was an ancient Indo-Aryan civilization centred in present-day north-west Pakistan and north-east Afghanistan.
See Indo-Iranians and Gandhara
Gandhara grave culture
The Gandhara grave culture of present-day Pakistan is known by its "protohistoric graves", which were spread mainly in the middle Swat River valley and named the Swat Protohistoric Graveyards Complex, dated in that region to –800 BCE.
See Indo-Iranians and Gandhara grave culture
Gandharva
A gandharva is a member of a class of celestial beings in Indian religions, such as Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, whose males are divine performers such as musicians and singers, and the females are divine dancers.
See Indo-Iranians and Gandharva
Ganges
The Ganges (in India: Ganga,; in Bangladesh: Padma). "The Ganges Basin, known in India as the Ganga and in Bangladesh as the Padma, is an international river which goes through India, Bangladesh, Nepal and China." is a trans-boundary river of Asia which flows through India and Bangladesh. The -long river rises in the western Himalayas in the Indian state of Uttarakhand.
Gatha (Zoroaster)
The Gathas are 17 Avestan hymns traditionally believed to have been composed by the prophet Zarathushtra (Zoroaster).
See Indo-Iranians and Gatha (Zoroaster)
Georgia (country)
Georgia is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and West Asia.
See Indo-Iranians and Georgia (country)
Grassmann's law
Grassmann's law, named after its discoverer Hermann Grassmann, is a dissimilatory phonological process in Ancient Greek and Sanskrit which states that if an aspirated consonant is followed by another aspirated consonant in the next syllable, the first one loses the aspiration.
See Indo-Iranians and Grassmann's law
Haoma
Haoma (Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬀) is a divine plant in Zoroastrianism and in later Persian culture and mythology.
Haplogroup
A haplotype is a group of alleles in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent, and a haplogroup (haploid from the ἁπλοῦς, haploûs, "onefold, simple" and group) is a group of similar haplotypes that share a common ancestor with a single-nucleotide polymorphism mutation.
See Indo-Iranians and Haplogroup
Haplogroup C-M130
Haplogroup C is a major Y-chromosome haplogroup, defined by UEPs M130/RPS4Y711, P184, P255, and P260, which are all SNP mutations.
See Indo-Iranians and Haplogroup C-M130
Haplogroup R1a
Haplogroup R1a, or haplogroup R-M420, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup which is distributed in a large region in Eurasia, extending from Scandinavia and Central Europe to Central Asia, southern Siberia and South Asia.
See Indo-Iranians and Haplogroup R1a
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
See Indo-Iranians and Harvard University
Haurvatat
Haurvatat /ˈhəʊrvətət/ (Avestan: haurvatāt) is the Avestan language word for the Zoroastrian concept of "wholeness" or "perfection." In post-Gathic Zoroastrianism, Haurvatat was the Amesha Spenta associated with water (cf. apo), prosperity, and health.
See Indo-Iranians and Haurvatat
Helios
In ancient Greek religion and mythology, Helios (Ἥλιος ||Sun; Homeric Greek: Ἠέλιος) is the god who personifies the Sun.
Hindu calendar
The Hindu calendar, also called Panchanga, is one of various lunisolar calendars that are traditionally used in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, with further regional variations for social and Hindu religious purposes.
See Indo-Iranians and Hindu calendar
Hindu Kush
The Hindu Kush is an mountain range on the Iranian Plateau in Central and South Asia to the west of the Himalayas.
See Indo-Iranians and Hindu Kush
Hinduism
Hinduism is an Indian religion or dharma, a religious and universal order by which its followers abide.
See Indo-Iranians and Hinduism
Hindus
Hindus (also known as Sanātanīs) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism, also known by its endonym Sanātana Dharma.
Hittites
The Hittites were an Anatolian Indo-European people who formed one of the first major civilizations of Bronze Age West Asia.
See Indo-Iranians and Hittites
Horse training
Horse training refers to a variety of practices that teach horses to perform certain behaviors when commanded to do so by humans.
See Indo-Iranians and Horse training
Hurrians
The Hurrians (Ḫu-ur-ri; also called Hari, Khurrites, Hourri, Churri, Hurri) were a people who inhabited the Ancient Near East during the Bronze Age.
See Indo-Iranians and Hurrians
Hvare-khshaeta
Hvare-khshaeta (Hvarə-xšaēta, Huuarə-xšaēta) is the Avestan language name of the Zoroastrian yazata (divinity) of the "Radiant Sun".
See Indo-Iranians and Hvare-khshaeta
Iazyges
The Iazyges were an ancient Sarmatian tribe that traveled westward in 200BC from Central Asia to the steppes of modern Ukraine.
India
India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia.
Indian religions
Indian religions, sometimes also termed Dharmic religions or Indic religions, are the religions that originated in the Indian subcontinent.
See Indo-Iranians and Indian religions
Indian subcontinent
The Indian subcontinent is a physiographical region in Southern Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas.
See Indo-Iranians and Indian subcontinent
Indo-Aryan languages
The Indo-Aryan languages (or sometimes Indic languages) are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family.
See Indo-Iranians and Indo-Aryan languages
Indo-Aryan migrations
The Indo-Aryan migrations were the migrations into the Indian subcontinent of Indo-Aryan peoples, an ethnolinguistic group that spoke Indo-Aryan languages. Indo-Iranians and Indo-Aryan migrations are nomadic groups in Eurasia.
See Indo-Iranians and Indo-Aryan migrations
Indo-Aryan peoples
Indo-Aryan peoples are a diverse collection of peoples speaking Indo-Aryan languages in the Indian subcontinent. Indo-Iranians and Indo-Aryan peoples are indo-Iranian peoples.
See Indo-Iranians and Indo-Aryan peoples
Indo-European ablaut
In linguistics, the Indo-European ablaut (from German Ablaut) is a system of apophony (regular vowel variations) in the Proto-Indo-European language (PIE).
See Indo-Iranians and Indo-European ablaut
Indo-European languages
The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the overwhelming majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent.
See Indo-Iranians and Indo-European languages
Indo-Iranian languages
The Indo-Iranian languages (also known as Indo-Iranic languages or collectively the Aryan languages) constitute the largest and southeasternmost extant branch of the Indo-European language family.
See Indo-Iranians and Indo-Iranian languages
Indra
Indra (इन्द्र) is the king of the devas and Svarga in Hinduism.
Indus River
The Indus is a transboundary river of Asia and a trans-Himalayan river of South and Central Asia.
See Indo-Iranians and Indus River
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.
Iranian languages
The Iranian languages, also called the Iranic languages, are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family that are spoken natively by the Iranian peoples, predominantly in the Iranian Plateau.
See Indo-Iranians and Iranian languages
Iranian peoples
The Iranian peoples or Iranic peoples are a diverse grouping of peoples who are identified by their usage of the Iranian languages (branch of the Indo-European languages) and other cultural similarities. Indo-Iranians and Iranian peoples are indo-Iranian peoples.
See Indo-Iranians and Iranian peoples
Iranian Plateau
The Iranian Plateau or Persian Plateau is a geological feature spanning parts of the Caucasus, Central Asia, South Asia, and West Asia. It makes up part of the Eurasian Plate, and is wedged between the Arabian Plate and the Indian Plate. The plateau is situated between the Zagros Mountains to the west, the Caspian Sea and the Köpet Dag to the north, the Armenian Highlands and the Caucasus Mountains to the northwest, the Strait of Hormuz and the Persian Gulf to the south, and the Indian subcontinent to the east.
See Indo-Iranians and Iranian Plateau
Iron Age
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages, after the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age.
See Indo-Iranians and Iron Age
Jamshid
Jamshid (جمشید, Jamshēd; Middle- and New Persian: جم, Jam), also known as Yima (Avestan: 𐬫𐬌𐬨𐬀 Yima; Persian/Pashto: یما Yama), is the fourth Shah of the mythological Pishdadian dynasty of Iran according to Shahnameh.
Japan
Japan is an island country in East Asia, located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asian mainland.
Josef Wiesehöfer
Josef Wiesehöfer (born April 5, 1951 in Wickede, North Rhine-Westphalia) is a German classical scholar and former professor of Ancient history at the Department of Classics of the University of Kiel.
See Indo-Iranians and Josef Wiesehöfer
Kalash people
The Kalash (Kalasha: کالؕاشؕا, romanised: Kaḷaṣa), or Kalasha, are an Indo-Aryan indigenous people residing in the Chitral District of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. They are considered unique among the people of Pakistan. They are also considered to be Pakistan's smallest ethnoreligious group, and traditionally practice what authors consider as a form of animism or ancient Hinduism.
See Indo-Iranians and Kalash people
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country mostly in Central Asia, with a part in Eastern Europe.
See Indo-Iranians and Kazakhstan
Kikkuli
Kikkuli was the Hurrian "master horse trainer of the land of Mitanni" (LÚA-AŠ-ŠU-UŠ-ŠA-AN-NI ŠA KUR URUMI-IT-TA-AN-NI) and author of a chariot horse training text written primarily in the Hittite language (as well as an Old Indo-Aryan language as seen in numerals and loan-words), dating to the Hittite New Kingdom (around 1400 BCE).
Kosala
Kosala, sometimes referred to as Uttara Kosala was one of the Mahajanapadas of ancient India.
Krivoye Lake
Krivoye Ozero is a small lake in the Chelyabinsk Oblast of Russia, southeast of Magnitogorsk, near the Kazakhstani border.
See Indo-Iranians and Krivoye Lake
Kurdish language
Kurdish (Kurdî, کوردی) is a Northwestern Iranian language or group of languages spoken by Kurds in the region of Kurdistan, namely in Turkey, northern Iraq, northwest and northeast Iran, and Syria.
See Indo-Iranians and Kurdish language
Leo Klejn
Lev Samuilovich Kleyn (1 July 1927 – 7 November 2019), better known in English as Leo Klejn and Leo S. Klein, was a Russian archaeologist, anthropologist and philologist.
See Indo-Iranians and Leo Klejn
Loanword
A loanword (also a loan word, loan-word) is a word at least partly assimilated from one language (the donor language) into another language (the recipient or target language), through the process of borrowing.
See Indo-Iranians and Loanword
Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza
Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza (25 January 1922 – 31 August 2018) was an Italian geneticist.
See Indo-Iranians and Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza
Madhu
Madhu (Sanskrit) is a word used in several Indo-Aryan languages meaning honey or sweet.
Magadha
Magadha also called the Kingdom of Magadha or the Magadha Empire, was a kingdom and empire, and one of the sixteen lit during the Second Urbanization period, based in southern Bihar in the eastern Ganges Plain, in Ancient India.
Mah
Mångha is the Avestan for "Moon, month", equivalent to Persian Māh (ماه; Old Persian 𐎶𐎠𐏃). It is the name of the lunar deity in Zoroastrianism.
Maldives
The Maldives, officially the Republic of Maldives, and historically known as the Maldive Islands, is a country and archipelagic state in South Asia in the Indian Ocean.
See Indo-Iranians and Maldives
Maldivian language
Dhivehi or Divehi (ދިވެހި), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the South Asian island country of Maldives and on Minicoy Island, Lakshadweep, a union territory of India.
See Indo-Iranians and Maldivian language
Mantra
A mantra (Pali: mantra) or mantram (Devanagari: मन्त्रम्) is a sacred utterance, a numinous sound, a syllable, word or phonemes, or group of words (most often in an Indic language like Sanskrit) believed by practitioners to have religious, magical or spiritual powers.
Mantra (Zoroastrianism)
A mantra or manthra (𐬨𐬄𐬚𐬭𐬀) is a prayer, sacred formula or inspired utterance considered in Zoroastrianism to have spiritual power.
See Indo-Iranians and Mantra (Zoroastrianism)
Manu (Hinduism)
Manu (मनु) is a term found with various meanings in Hinduism.
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Manyu (deity)
Manyu is a war god in Vedic Hinduism.
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Massagetae
The Massagetae or Massageteans, also known as Sakā tigraxaudā or Orthocorybantians, were an ancient Eastern Iranian Saka people who inhabited the steppes of Central Asia and were part of the wider Scythian cultures. Indo-Iranians and Massagetae are nomadic groups in Eurasia.
See Indo-Iranians and Massagetae
Maurya Empire
The Maurya Empire (Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀫𑀸𑀕𑀥𑁂, Māgadhe) was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in South Asia based in Magadha (present day Bihar).
See Indo-Iranians and Maurya Empire
Medes
The Medes (Old Persian: 𐎶𐎠𐎭; Akkadian: 13px, 13px; Ancient Greek: Μῆδοι; Latin: Medi) were an ancient Iranian people who spoke the Median language and who inhabited an area known as Media between western and northern Iran. Around the 11th century BC, they occupied the mountainous region of northwestern Iran and the northeastern and eastern region of Mesopotamia in the vicinity of Ecbatana (present-day Hamadan).
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent.
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Michael Witzel
Michael Witzel (born July 18, 1943) is a German-American philologist, comparative mythologist and Indologist.
See Indo-Iranians and Michael Witzel
Migration Period
The Migration Period (circa 300 to 600 AD), also known as the Barbarian Invasions, was a period in European history marked by large-scale migrations that saw the fall of the Western Roman Empire and subsequent settlement of its former territories by various tribes, and the establishment of the post-Roman kingdoms.
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Mitanni
Mitanni (–1260 BC), earlier called Ḫabigalbat in old Babylonian texts,; Hanigalbat or Hani-Rabbat in Assyrian records, or Naharin in Egyptian texts, was a Hurrian-speaking state in northern Syria and southeast Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) with Indo-Aryan linguistic and political influences.
Mithra
Mithra (𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 Miθra, 𐎷𐎰𐎼 Miθra), commonly known as Mehr or Mithras among Romans, is an ancient Iranian deity of covenants, light, oath, justice, the sun, contracts, and friendship.
Mitra
Mitra (Proto-Indo-Iranian: ''*mitrás'') is the name of an Indo-Iranian divinity that predates the Rigvedic Mitrá and Avestan Mithra.
Mitra (Hindu god)
Mitra (मित्र) is a Hindu god and generally one of the Adityas (the sons of the goddess Aditi), though his role has changed over time.
See Indo-Iranians and Mitra (Hindu god)
The Mohana, Mohano (singular) or Mallah, Mirbahar, Mirani, Med and Gandra (ملاح، میربحر، میراڻی), is an ancient fishermen community of Sindhi people who live in the provinces of Sindh, Balochistan, Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan, also found in Iran and India.
See Indo-Iranians and Mohana (community)
Nepal
Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia.
Nuristani languages
The Nuristani languages, also known as Kafiri languages, are one of the three groups within the Indo-Iranian language family, alongside the much larger Indo-Aryan and Iranian groups.
See Indo-Iranians and Nuristani languages
Nuristanis
The Nuristanis are an ethnic group native to the Nuristan Province of northeastern Afghanistan and Chitral District of northwestern Pakistan. Indo-Iranians and Nuristanis are indo-Iranian peoples.
See Indo-Iranians and Nuristanis
Ochre Coloured Pottery culture
The Ochre Coloured Pottery culture (OCP) is a Bronze Age culture of the Indo-Gangetic Plain "generally dated 2000–1500 BCE," extending from eastern Punjab to northeastern Rajasthan and western Uttar Pradesh.
See Indo-Iranians and Ochre Coloured Pottery culture
Ossetian language
Ossetian, commonly referred to as Ossetic and rarely as Ossete (iron ӕvzag southern; northern), is an Eastern Iranian language that is spoken predominantly in Ossetia, a region situated on both sides of the Greater Caucasus.
See Indo-Iranians and Ossetian language
Painted Grey Ware culture
The Painted Grey Ware culture (PGW) is an Iron Age Indo-Aryan culture of the western Gangetic plain and the Ghaggar-Hakra valley in the Indian subcontinent, conventionally dated 1200 to 600–500 BCE, or from 1300 to 500–300 BCE.
See Indo-Iranians and Painted Grey Ware culture
Pakistan
Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia.
See Indo-Iranians and Pakistan
Parthia
Parthia (𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 Parθava; 𐭐𐭓𐭕𐭅Parθaw; 𐭯𐭫𐭮𐭥𐭡𐭥 Pahlaw) is a historical region located in northeastern Greater Iran.
Persian language
Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (Fārsī|), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages.
See Indo-Iranians and Persian language
Persians
The Persians--> are an Iranian ethnic group who comprise over half of the population of Iran. Indo-Iranians and Persians are ancient peoples of Asia.
See Indo-Iranians and Persians
Poltavka culture
Poltavka culture was an early to middle Bronze Age archaeological culture which flourished on the Volga-Ural steppe and the forest steppe in 2800—2100 BCE. Indo-Iranians and Poltavka culture are nomadic groups in Eurasia.
See Indo-Iranians and Poltavka culture
Population genetics
Population genetics is a subfield of genetics that deals with genetic differences within and among populations, and is a part of evolutionary biology.
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Prehistory of Anatolia
The prehistory of Anatolia stretches from the Paleolithic era through to the appearance of classical civilisation in the middle of the 1st millennium BC.
See Indo-Iranians and Prehistory of Anatolia
Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.
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Princeton, New Jersey
Princeton is a borough in Mercer County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.
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Proto-Dravidian language
Proto-Dravidian is the linguistic reconstruction of the common ancestor of the Dravidian languages native to the Indian subcontinent.
See Indo-Iranians and Proto-Dravidian language
Proto-Indo-European homeland
The Proto-Indo-European homeland was the prehistoric linguistic homeland of the Proto-Indo-European language (PIE).
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Proto-Indo-European language
Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European language family.
See Indo-Iranians and Proto-Indo-European language
Proto-Indo-European mythology
Proto-Indo-European mythology is the body of myths and deities associated with the Proto-Indo-Europeans, speakers of the hypothesized Proto-Indo-European language.
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Proto-Indo-Europeans
The Proto-Indo-Europeans are a hypothetical prehistoric ethnolinguistic group of Eurasia who spoke Proto-Indo-European (PIE), the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European language family. Indo-Iranians and Proto-Indo-Europeans are indo-European peoples and nomadic groups in Eurasia.
See Indo-Iranians and Proto-Indo-Europeans
Proto-Indo-Iranian language
Proto-Indo-Iranian, also called Proto-Indo-Iranic or Proto-Aryan, is the reconstructed proto-language of the Indo-Iranian branch of Indo-European.
See Indo-Iranians and Proto-Indo-Iranian language
Rigveda
The Rigveda or Rig Veda (ऋग्वेद,, from ऋच्, "praise" and वेद, "knowledge") is an ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns (sūktas).
Romani language
Romani (also Romany, Romanes, Roma; rromani ćhib) is an Indo-Aryan macrolanguage of the Romani communities.
See Indo-Iranians and Romani language
Roxolani
The Roxolani or Rhoxolāni (Ροξολανοι, Ρωξολανοι; Rhoxolānī) were a Sarmatian people documented between the 2nd century BC and the 4th century AD, first east of the Borysthenes (Dnieper) on the coast of Lake Maeotis (Sea of Azov), and later near the borders of Roman Dacia and Moesia. Indo-Iranians and Roxolani are nomadic groups in Eurasia.
See Indo-Iranians and Roxolani
Rudra
Rudra (रुद्र) is a Rigvedic deity associated with Shiva, the wind or storms, Vayu, medicine, and the hunt.
Russian Academy of Sciences
The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; Росси́йская акаде́мия нау́к (РАН) Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk) consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation; and additional scientific and social units such as libraries, publishing units, and hospitals.
See Indo-Iranians and Russian Academy of Sciences
Saka
The Saka were a group of nomadic Eastern Iranian peoples who historically inhabited the northern and eastern Eurasian Steppe and the Tarim Basin. Indo-Iranians and Saka are nomadic groups in Eurasia.
Sanskrit
Sanskrit (attributively संस्कृत-,; nominally संस्कृतम्) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages.
See Indo-Iranians and Sanskrit
Sarasvati River
The Sarasvati River is a mythologized and deified ancient river first mentioned in the Rigveda and later in Vedic and post-Vedic texts.
See Indo-Iranians and Sarasvati River
Saraswati
Saraswati (सरस्वती), also spelled as Sarasvati, is the Hindu goddess of knowledge, music, flowing water, abundance and wealth, art, speech, wisdom, and learning.
See Indo-Iranians and Saraswati
Sarikoli language
The Sarikoli language (also Sariqoli, Selekur, Sarikul, Sariqul, Sariköli) is a member of the Pamir subgroup of the Southeastern Iranian languages spoken by the Pamiris of Xinjiang, China.
See Indo-Iranians and Sarikoli language
Sarmatians
The Sarmatians (Sarmatai; Latin: Sarmatae) were a large confederation of ancient Iranian equestrian nomadic peoples who dominated the Pontic steppe from about the 3rd century BC to the 4th century AD.
See Indo-Iranians and Sarmatians
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia and the Middle East.
See Indo-Iranians and Saudi Arabia
Scythians
The Scythians or Scyths (but note Scytho- in composition) and sometimes also referred to as the Pontic Scythians, were an ancient Eastern Iranic equestrian nomadic people who had migrated during the 9th to 8th centuries BC from Central Asia to the Pontic Steppe in modern-day Ukraine and Southern Russia, where they remained established from the 7th century BC until the 3rd century BC.
See Indo-Iranians and Scythians
Semitic languages
The Semitic languages are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family.
See Indo-Iranians and Semitic languages
Shinto
Shinto is a religion originating in Japan.
Shiva
Shiva (lit), also known as Mahadeva (Category:Trimurti Category:Wisdom gods Category:Time and fate gods Category:Indian yogis.
Sinhala language
Sinhala (Sinhala: සිංහල), sometimes called Sinhalese, is an Indo-Aryan language primarily spoken by the Sinhalese people of Sri Lanka, who make up the largest ethnic group on the island, numbering about 16 million.
See Indo-Iranians and Sinhala language
Sintashta
Sintashta is an archaeological site in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia.
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Sintashta culture
The Sintashta culture is a Middle Bronze Age archaeological culture of the Southern Urals, dated to the period 2200–1900 BCE.
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Slavicisation
Slavicisation or Slavicization, is the acculturation of something non-Slavic into a Slavic culture, cuisine, region, or nation.
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Slavs
The Slavs or Slavic people are groups of people who speak Slavic languages. Indo-Iranians and Slavs are indo-European peoples.
Soma (drink)
In the Vedic tradition, soma (sóma) is a ritual drink of importance among the early Vedic Indo-Aryans.
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South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.
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South Ossetia
South Ossetia, officially the Republic of South Ossetia–State of Alania, is a partially recognised landlocked state in the South Caucasus.
See Indo-Iranians and South Ossetia
Spenta Armaiti
In Zoroastrianism, Spənta Ārmaiti (Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬀 𐬁𐬭𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 for "Holy Devotion") is one of the Amesha Spentas, the seven divine manifestations of Wisdom and Ahura Mazda.
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Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, historically known as Ceylon, and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia.
See Indo-Iranians and Sri Lanka
Srubnaya culture
The Srubnaya culture (Srubnaya kul'tura, Zrubna kul'tura), also known as Timber-grave culture, was a Late Bronze Age 1900–1200 BC culture in the eastern part of the Pontic–Caspian steppe.
See Indo-Iranians and Srubnaya culture
Stratum (linguistics)
In linguistics, a stratum (Latin for "layer") or strate is a historical layer of language that influences or is influenced by another language through contact.
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Suriname
Suriname, officially the Republic of Suriname (Republiek Suriname), is a country in northern South America, sometimes considered part of the Caribbean and the West Indies.
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Surya
Surya (सूर्य) is the SunDalal, p. 399 as well as the solar deity in Hinduism.
Susanoo-no-Mikoto
Susanoo (スサノオ; historical orthography: スサノヲ), often referred to by the honorific title Susanoo-no-Mikoto, is a in Japanese mythology.
See Indo-Iranians and Susanoo-no-Mikoto
Tabiti
Tabiti (Scythian: italics; translit; Tabiti) was the Scythian goddess of the primordial fire which alone existed before the creation of the universe and was the basic essence and the source of all creation.
Tajikistan
Tajikistan, officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a landlocked country in Central Asia.
See Indo-Iranians and Tajikistan
Tajiks
Tajiks (Tājīk, Tājek; Tojik) are a Persian-speaking Iranian ethnic group native to Central Asia, living primarily in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.
Talysh language
Talysh (تؤلشه زوؤن, Tolışə Zıvon, Tолышә зывон) is a Northwestern Iranian language spoken in the northern regions of the Iranian provinces of Gilan and Ardabil and the southern regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan by around 500,000-800,000 people.
See Indo-Iranians and Talysh language
Tapati
Tapati (translit) is a goddess in Hinduism.
Tat language (Caucasus)
Tat, also known as Caucasian Persian, Tat/Tati Persian,Gernot Windfuhr, "Persian Grammar: history and state of its study", Walter de Gruyter, 1979.
See Indo-Iranians and Tat language (Caucasus)
The Buddha
Siddhartha Gautama, most commonly referred to as the Buddha ('the awakened'), was a wandering ascetic and religious teacher who lived in South Asia during the 6th or 5th century BCE and founded Buddhism.
See Indo-Iranians and The Buddha
Tian Shan
The Tian Shan, also known as the Tengri Tagh or Tengir-Too, meaning the "Mountains of God/Heaven", is a large system of mountain ranges in Central Asia.
See Indo-Iranians and Tian Shan
Transoxiana
Transoxiana or Transoxania is the Latin name for the region and civilization located in lower Central Asia roughly corresponding to modern-day eastern Uzbekistan, western Tajikistan, parts of southern Kazakhstan, parts of Turkmenistan and southern Kyrgyzstan.
See Indo-Iranians and Transoxiana
Trita
Trita ("the Third") is a minor deity of the Rigveda, mentioned 41 times.
Turkic languages
The Turkic languages are a language family of more than 35 documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia from Eastern Europe and Southern Europe to Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia (Siberia), and West Asia.
See Indo-Iranians and Turkic languages
Turkic peoples
The Turkic peoples are a collection of diverse ethnic groups of West, Central, East, and North Asia as well as parts of Europe, who speak Turkic languages. Indo-Iranians and Turkic peoples are nomadic groups in Eurasia.
See Indo-Iranians and Turkic peoples
United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emirates (UAE), or simply the Emirates, is a country in West Asia, in the Middle East.
See Indo-Iranians and United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.
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United States
The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.
See Indo-Iranians and United States
Ural (river)
The Ural (Урал), known before 1775 as the Yaik, is a river flowing through Russia and Kazakhstan in the continental border between Europe and Asia.
See Indo-Iranians and Ural (river)
Ushas
Ushas (Vedic Sanskrit: उषस्,, nominative singular उषाः) is a Vedic goddess of dawn in Hinduism.
Vajra
The Vajra is a legendary and ritualistic tool, symbolizing the properties of a diamond (indestructibility) and a thunderbolt (irresistible force).
Varuna
Varuna (वरुण) is a Hindu god, associated with the sky, oceans, and water.
Vayu
Vayu (वायु), also known as Vata and Pavana, is the Hindu god of the winds as well as the divine messenger of the gods.
Vedas
The Vedas are ancient Sanskrit texts of Hinduism. Above: A page from the ''Atharvaveda''. The Vedas are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India.
Vedic period
The Vedic period, or the Vedic age, is the period in the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age of the history of India when the Vedic literature, including the Vedas (–900 BCE), was composed in the northern Indian subcontinent, between the end of the urban Indus Valley Civilisation and a second urbanisation, which began in the central Indo-Gangetic Plain BCE.
See Indo-Iranians and Vedic period
Vedic Sanskrit
Vedic Sanskrit, also simply referred as the Vedic language, is an ancient language of the Indo-Aryan subgroup of the Indo-European language family.
See Indo-Iranians and Vedic Sanskrit
Verethragna
Verethragna or Bahram (𐬬𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬚𐬭𐬀𐬖𐬥𐬀 vərəθraγna) is an Indo-Iranian deity.
See Indo-Iranians and Verethragna
Vistula
The Vistula (Wisła,, Weichsel) is the longest river in Poland and the ninth-longest in Europe, at in length.
Volga
The Volga (p) is the longest river in Europe. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Caspian Sea. The Volga has a length of, and a catchment area of., Russian State Water Registry It is also Europe's largest river in terms of average discharge at delta – between and – and of drainage basin.
Vritra
Vritra is a danava in Hinduism.
Will Durant
William James Durant (November 5, 1885 – November 7, 1981) was an American historian and philosopher, best known for his 11-volume work, The Story of Civilization, which contains and details the history of Eastern and Western civilizations.
See Indo-Iranians and Will Durant
Xinjiang
Xinjiang, officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwest of the country at the crossroads of Central Asia and East Asia.
See Indo-Iranians and Xinjiang
Yaghnobis
The Yaghnobi people (Yaghnobi: yaγnōbī́t or suγdī́t; яғнобиҳо, yağnobiho/jaƣnoʙiho) are an East Iranian ethnic minority in Tajikistan.
See Indo-Iranians and Yaghnobis
Yajna
Yajna (also pronounced as Yag) (lit) in Hinduism refers to any ritual done in front of a sacred fire, often with mantras.
Yama
Yama (lit), also known as Kāla and Dharmarāja, is the Hindu god of death and justice, responsible for the dispensation of law and punishment of sinners in his abode, Naraka.
Yamata no Orochi
, or simply, is a legendary eight-headed and eight-tailed Japanese dragon/serpent.
See Indo-Iranians and Yamata no Orochi
Yasna
Yasna (𐬫𐬀𐬯𐬥𐬀) is the Avestan name of Zoroastrianism's principal act of worship.
Yaz culture
The Yaz culture (named after the type site Yaz-Tappe, Yaz Tepe, or Yaz Depe, near Baýramaly, Turkmenistan) was an early Iron Age culture of Margiana, Bactria and Sogdia (–500 BC, or –330 BC).
See Indo-Iranians and Yaz culture
Yazata
Yazata (𐬫𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬙𐬀) is the Avestan word for a Zoroastrian concept with a wide range of meanings but generally signifying (or used as an epithet of) a divinity.
Zahhak
Zahhāk or Zahāk (ضحّاک), also known as Zahhak the Snake Shoulder (Zahhāk-e Mārdoush), is an evil figure in Persian mythology, evident in ancient Persian folklore as Azhi Dahāka (اژی دهاک), the name by which he also appears in the texts of the Avesta.
Zaza–Gorani languages
Zaza–Gorani is a Kurdic linguistic subgroup of Northwestern Iranian languages.
See Indo-Iranians and Zaza–Gorani languages
Zoroaster
Zarathushtra Spitama more commonly known as Zoroaster or Zarathustra, was an Iranian religious reformer who challenged the tenets of the contemporary Ancient Iranian religion, becoming the spiritual founder of Zoroastrianism.
See Indo-Iranians and Zoroaster
Zoroastrianism
Zoroastrianism (Din-e Zartoshti), also known as Mazdayasna and Behdin, is an Iranian religion.
See Indo-Iranians and Zoroastrianism
See also
Ancient peoples of Asia
- Cadusii
- Caspians
- Cossaei
- Ethnic groups in Asia
- Hyrcani
- Indo-Iranians
- Persians
- Pre-Indo-Europeans
- Taiwanese indigenous peoples
Indo-European peoples
- Adriatic Veneti
- Albanians
- Anatolian peoples
- Ancient Greeks
- Armenians
- Balts
- Celts
- Cimmerians
- Dardani
- Dardanians
- Germanic peoples
- Greeks
- Illyrians
- Indo-Iranian peoples
- Indo-Iranians
- Italic peoples
- Kangju
- Ligures
- List of ancient Armeno-Phrygian peoples and tribes
- List of ancient Corsican and Sardinian tribes
- Lusitanians
- Luwians
- Ordos culture
- Paeonians
- Phrygians
- Proto-Indo-Europeans
- Serica
- Slavs
- Thracians
- Tocharians
- Vahumpura
- Vistula Veneti
- Wusun
- Yuezhi
Indo-Iranian peoples
- Arya (Iran)
- Aryan
- Asii
- Indo-Aryan peoples
- Indo-Iranians
- Iranian peoples
- Issedones
- Kulobi people
- Nuristani people
- Nuristanis
- Pakistani people
- Proto-Indo-Iranian paganism
- Turya (Avesta)
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Iranians
Also known as Ancient Persian religion, Aryan deities, Aryan god, Aryan gods, Aryan mythology, Indo-Aryan deities, Indo-Iranian migration, Indo-Iranian mythology, Indo-Iranian origins, Indo-Iranian people, Indo-Iranian peoples, Indo-Iranian religion, Indo-Iranic people, Indo-Iranic peoples, List of cognate terms in Indo-Iranian mythology, List of cognate terms in Vedic and Avestan mythology, Proto-Indo-Iranian religion, Proto-Indo-Iranians, Proto-Vedic religion.
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