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Infrared astronomy, the Glossary

Infrared astronomy is a sub-discipline of astronomy which specializes in the observation and analysis of astronomical objects using infrared (IR) radiation.^[1]

115 relations: Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Adaptive optics, Airborne observatory, Akari (satellite), Angular resolution, Antarctic, Arcturus, Astronomical interferometer, Astronomical object, Astronomy, Atmosphere of Earth, Ballistic Missile Defense Organization, Bolometer, Cambridge University Press, Charles Piazzi Smyth, Chile, CNN, Cosmic Background Explorer, Crookes radiometer, Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment, Dome C, Double Helix Nebula, Edison Pettit, Electromagnetic radiation, Ernest Fox Nichols, Euclid (spacecraft), European Space Agency, Exoplanet, Far infrared, Far-infrared astronomy, George H. Rieke, German Aerospace Center, H band (infrared), Herschel Space Observatory, Hubble Space Telescope, Infrared, Infrared detector, Infrared Space Observatory, Infrared spectroscopy, Infrared window, Intergalactic dust, IRAS, J band (infrared), James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, James Webb Space Telescope, JAXA, K band (infrared), Kelvin, Kuiper Airborne Observatory, L band (infrared), ... Expand index (65 more) »

Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)

In physics, absorption of electromagnetic radiation is how matter (typically electrons bound in atoms) takes up a photon's energy — and so transforms electromagnetic energy into internal energy of the absorber (for example, thermal energy).

See Infrared astronomy and Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)

Adaptive optics

Adaptive optics (AO) is a technique of precisely deforming a mirror in order to compensate for light distortion. Infrared astronomy and Adaptive optics are astronomical imaging.

See Infrared astronomy and Adaptive optics

Airborne observatory

An airborne observatory is an airplane or airship with an astronomical telescope.

See Infrared astronomy and Airborne observatory

Akari (satellite)

AKARI (ASTRO-F) was an infrared astronomy satellite developed by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, in cooperation with institutes of Europe and Korea.

See Infrared astronomy and Akari (satellite)

Angular resolution

Angular resolution describes the ability of any image-forming device such as an optical or radio telescope, a microscope, a camera, or an eye, to distinguish small details of an object, thereby making it a major determinant of image resolution.

See Infrared astronomy and Angular resolution

Antarctic

The Antarctic (or, American English also or; commonly) is a polar region around Earth's South Pole, opposite the Arctic region around the North Pole.

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Arcturus

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Astronomical interferometer

An astronomical interferometer or telescope array is a set of separate telescopes, mirror segments, or radio telescope antennas that work together as a single telescope to provide higher resolution images of astronomical objects such as stars, nebulas and galaxies by means of interferometry.

See Infrared astronomy and Astronomical interferometer

Astronomical object

An astronomical object, celestial object, stellar object or heavenly body is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists within the observable universe.

See Infrared astronomy and Astronomical object

Astronomy

Astronomy is a natural science that studies celestial objects and the phenomena that occur in the cosmos.

See Infrared astronomy and Astronomy

Atmosphere of Earth

The atmosphere of Earth is composed of a layer of gas mixture that surrounds the Earth's planetary surface (both lands and oceans), known collectively as air, with variable quantities of suspended aerosols and particulates (which create weather features such as clouds and hazes), all retained by Earth's gravity.

See Infrared astronomy and Atmosphere of Earth

Ballistic Missile Defense Organization

The Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) was an agency of the United States Department of Defense that began on 20 May 1974 with the responsibility for all U.S. ballistic missile defense efforts.

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Bolometer

A bolometer is a device for measuring radiant heat by means of a material having a temperature-dependent electrical resistance.

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.

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Charles Piazzi Smyth

Charles Piazzi Smyth (3 January 1819 – 21 February 1900) was a British astronomer who was Astronomer Royal for Scotland from 1846 to 1888; he is known for many innovations in astronomy and, along with his wife Jessica Duncan Piazzi Smyth, his pyramidological and metrological studies of the Great Pyramid of Giza.

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Chile

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America.

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CNN

Cable News Network (CNN) is a multinational news channel and website operating from Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by the Manhattan-based media conglomerate Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage and the first all-news television channel in the United States.

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Cosmic Background Explorer

The Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE), also referred to as Explorer 66, was a NASA satellite dedicated to cosmology, which operated from 1989 to 1993.

See Infrared astronomy and Cosmic Background Explorer

Crookes radiometer

The Crookes radiometer (also known as a light mill) consists of an airtight glass bulb containing a partial vacuum, with a set of vanes which are mounted on a spindle inside.

See Infrared astronomy and Crookes radiometer

Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment

Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE) was an experiment on NASA's COBE mission, to survey the diffuse infrared sky. Infrared astronomy and diffuse Infrared Background Experiment are infrared imaging.

See Infrared astronomy and Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment

Dome C

Courtesy of.

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Double Helix Nebula

The Double Helix Nebula is a gaseous nebula in the direction of the constellation Ophiuchus, near the center of our galaxy.

See Infrared astronomy and Double Helix Nebula

Edison Pettit

Edison Pettit (September 22, 1889 – May 6, 1962) was an American astronomer.

See Infrared astronomy and Edison Pettit

Electromagnetic radiation

In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EMR) consists of waves of the electromagnetic (EM) field, which propagate through space and carry momentum and electromagnetic radiant energy.

See Infrared astronomy and Electromagnetic radiation

Ernest Fox Nichols

Ernest Fox Nichols (June 1, 1869 – April 29, 1924) was an American educator and physicist.

See Infrared astronomy and Ernest Fox Nichols

Euclid (spacecraft)

Euclid is a wide-angle space telescope with a 600-megapixel camera to record visible light, a near-infrared spectrometer, and photometer, to determine the redshift of detected galaxies.

See Infrared astronomy and Euclid (spacecraft)

European Space Agency

The European Space Agency (ESA) is a 22-member intergovernmental body devoted to space exploration.

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Exoplanet

An exoplanet or extrasolar planet is a planet outside the Solar System.

See Infrared astronomy and Exoplanet

Far infrared

Far infrared (FIR) or long wave refers to a specific range within the infrared spectrum of electromagnetic radiation.

See Infrared astronomy and Far infrared

Far-infrared astronomy

Far-infrared astronomy is the branch of astronomy and astrophysics that deals with objects visible in far-infrared radiation (extending from 30 μm towards submillimeter wavelengths around 450 μm). Infrared astronomy and far-infrared astronomy are astronomical imaging, infrared imaging and Observational astronomy.

See Infrared astronomy and Far-infrared astronomy

George H. Rieke

George Henry Rieke (born January 5, 1943), a noted American infrared astronomer, is former Deputy Director of the Steward Observatory and Regents Professor of Astronomy and Planetary Sciences at the University of Arizona in Tucson.

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German Aerospace Center

The German Aerospace Center (e.V., abbreviated DLR, literally German Center for Air- and Space-flight) is the national center for aerospace, energy and transportation research of Germany, founded in 1969.

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H band (infrared)

In infrared astronomy, the H band refers to an atmospheric transmission window centred on 1.65 micrometres with a Full width at half maximum of 0.35 micrometresIan McClean, Electronic Imaging in Astronomy, Second Edition, Springer, 2008. Infrared astronomy and h band (infrared) are infrared imaging.

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Herschel Space Observatory

The Herschel Space Observatory was a space observatory built and operated by the European Space Agency (ESA).

See Infrared astronomy and Herschel Space Observatory

Hubble Space Telescope

The Hubble Space Telescope (often referred to as HST or Hubble) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation.

See Infrared astronomy and Hubble Space Telescope

Infrared

Infrared (IR; sometimes called infrared light) is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with wavelengths longer than that of visible light but shorter than microwaves.

See Infrared astronomy and Infrared

Infrared detector

An infrared detector is a detector that reacts to infrared (IR) radiation. Infrared astronomy and infrared detector are infrared imaging.

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Infrared Space Observatory

The Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) was a space telescope for infrared light designed and operated by the European Space Agency (ESA), in cooperation with ISAS (now part of JAXA) and NASA.

See Infrared astronomy and Infrared Space Observatory

Infrared spectroscopy

Infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy or vibrational spectroscopy) is the measurement of the interaction of infrared radiation with matter by absorption, emission, or reflection.

See Infrared astronomy and Infrared spectroscopy

Infrared window

The infrared atmospheric window refers to a region of the infrared spectrum where there is relatively little absorption of terrestrial thermal radiation by atmospheric gases.

See Infrared astronomy and Infrared window

Intergalactic dust

Intergalactic dust is cosmic dust in between galaxies in intergalactic space.

See Infrared astronomy and Intergalactic dust

IRAS

The Infrared Astronomical Satellite (Dutch: Infrarood Astronomische Satelliet) (IRAS) was the first space telescope to perform a survey of the entire night sky at infrared wavelengths.

See Infrared astronomy and IRAS

J band (infrared)

In infrared astronomy, the J band refers to an atmospheric transmission window (1.1 to 1.4 um) centred on 1.25 micrometres (in the near-infrared). Infrared astronomy and j band (infrared) are infrared imaging.

See Infrared astronomy and J band (infrared)

James Clerk Maxwell Telescope

The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) is a submillimetre-wavelength radio telescope at Mauna Kea Observatory in Hawaii, US.

See Infrared astronomy and James Clerk Maxwell Telescope

James Webb Space Telescope

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space telescope designed to conduct infrared astronomy.

See Infrared astronomy and James Webb Space Telescope

JAXA

The is the Japanese national air and space agency.

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K band (infrared)

In infrared astronomy, the K band is an atmospheric transmission window centered on 2.2 μm (in the near-infrared 136 THz range). Infrared astronomy and k band (infrared) are infrared imaging.

See Infrared astronomy and K band (infrared)

Kelvin

The kelvin, symbol K, is the base unit of measurement for temperature in the International System of Units (SI).

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Kuiper Airborne Observatory

The Gerard P. Kuiper Airborne Observatory (KAO) was a national facility operated by NASA to support research in infrared astronomy.

See Infrared astronomy and Kuiper Airborne Observatory

L band (infrared)

In infrared astronomy, the L band is an atmospheric transmission window centred on 3.5 micrometres (in the mid-infrared). Infrared astronomy and l band (infrared) are infrared imaging.

See Infrared astronomy and L band (infrared)

Lens

A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction.

See Infrared astronomy and Lens

Light

Light, visible light, or visible radiation is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye.

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Liquid helium

Liquid helium is a physical state of helium at very low temperatures at standard atmospheric pressures.

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Liquid nitrogen

Liquid nitrogen (LN2) is nitrogen in a liquid state at low temperature.

See Infrared astronomy and Liquid nitrogen

List of largest infrared telescopes

The largest infrared telescopes for infrared astronomy are listed in terms of diameter of primary mirror.

See Infrared astronomy and List of largest infrared telescopes

M band (infrared)

In infrared astronomy, the M band is an atmospheric transmission window centered on 4.8 micrometres (in the mid-infrared). Infrared astronomy and m band (infrared) are infrared imaging.

See Infrared astronomy and M band (infrared)

Mauna Kea Observatories

The Mauna Kea Observatories (MKO) are a group of independent astronomical research facilities and large telescope observatories that are located at the summit of Mauna Kea on the Big Island of Hawaiʻi, United States.

See Infrared astronomy and Mauna Kea Observatories

Mercury cadmium telluride

Hg1−xCdxTe or mercury cadmium telluride (also cadmium mercury telluride, MCT, MerCad Telluride, MerCadTel, MerCaT or CMT) is a chemical compound of cadmium telluride (CdTe) and mercury telluride (HgTe) with a tunable bandgap spanning the shortwave infrared to the very long wave infrared regions.

See Infrared astronomy and Mercury cadmium telluride

Micrometre

The micrometre (Commonwealth English) as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: μm) or micrometer (American English), also commonly known by the non-SI term micron, is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI) equalling (SI standard prefix "micro-".

See Infrared astronomy and Micrometre

Midcourse Space Experiment

The Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) is a Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) satellite experiment (unmanned space mission) to map bright infrared sources in space.

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Mirror

A mirror, also known as a looking glass, is an object that reflects an image.

See Infrared astronomy and Mirror

Moon

The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite.

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N band

In infrared astronomy, the N band refers to an atmospheric transmission window centred on 10 micrometres (in the mid-infrared). Infrared astronomy and n band are infrared imaging.

See Infrared astronomy and N band

Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope

The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (shortened as Roman or the Roman Space Telescope, and formerly the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope or WFIRST) is a NASA infrared space telescope in development and scheduled to launch to a Sun–Earth L2 orbit by May 2027.

See Infrared astronomy and Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope

Nanometre

molecular scale. The nanometre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: nm), or nanometer (American spelling), is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), equal to one billionth (short scale) of a meter (0.000000001 m) and to 1000 picometres.

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Narrow-gap semiconductor

Narrow-gap semiconductors are semiconducting materials with a magnitude of bandgap that is smaller than 0.5 eV, which corresponds to an infrared absorption cut-off wavelength over 2.5 micron.

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NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.

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NASA Infrared Telescope Facility

The NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (NASA IRTF) is a telescope optimized for use in infrared astronomy and located at the Mauna Kea Observatory in Hawaii.

See Infrared astronomy and NASA Infrared Telescope Facility

Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer

The Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) is a scientific instrument for infrared astronomy, installed on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), operating from 1997 to 1999, and from 2002 to 2008. Infrared astronomy and Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer are infrared imaging.

See Infrared astronomy and Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer

Observational astronomy

Observational astronomy is a division of astronomy that is concerned with recording data about the observable universe, in contrast with theoretical astronomy, which is mainly concerned with calculating the measurable implications of physical models.

See Infrared astronomy and Observational astronomy

Optical telescope

An optical telescope is a telescope that gathers and focuses light mainly from the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum, to create a magnified image for direct visual inspection, to make a photograph, or to collect data through electronic image sensors.

See Infrared astronomy and Optical telescope

Paranal Observatory

Paranal Observatory is an astronomical observatory operated by the European Southern Observatory (ESO).

See Infrared astronomy and Paranal Observatory

Photodetector

Photodetectors, also called photosensors, are sensors of light or other electromagnetic radiation.

See Infrared astronomy and Photodetector

Photometry (astronomy)

In astronomy, photometry, from Greek photo- ("light") and -metry ("measure"), is a technique used in astronomy that is concerned with measuring the flux or intensity of light radiated by astronomical objects. Infrared astronomy and photometry (astronomy) are Observational astronomy.

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Physicist

A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe.

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Pixel

In digital imaging, a pixel (abbreviated px), pel, or picture element is the smallest addressable element in a raster image, or the smallest addressable element in a dot matrix display device.

See Infrared astronomy and Pixel

Prism (optics)

An optical prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that are designed to refract light.

See Infrared astronomy and Prism (optics)

Quasar

A quasar is an extremely luminous active galactic nucleus (AGN).

See Infrared astronomy and Quasar

Radio astronomy

Radio astronomy is a subfield of astronomy that studies celestial objects at radio frequencies. Infrared astronomy and radio astronomy are astronomical imaging and Observational astronomy.

See Infrared astronomy and Radio astronomy

Radio Galaxy Zoo

Radio Galaxy Zoo (RGZ) is an internet crowdsourced citizen science project that seeks to locate supermassive black holes in distant galaxies.

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Readout integrated circuit

A Readout integrated circuit (ROIC) is an integrated circuit (IC) specifically used for reading detectors of a particular type.

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Seth Barnes Nicholson

Seth Barnes Nicholson (November 12, 1891 – July 2, 1963) was an American astronomer.

See Infrared astronomy and Seth Barnes Nicholson

Solid-state electronics

Solid-state electronics are semiconductor electronics: electronic equipment that use semiconductor devices such as transistors, diodes and integrated circuits (ICs).

See Infrared astronomy and Solid-state electronics

Space Shuttle

The Space Shuttle is a retired, partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated from 1981 to 2011 by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the Space Shuttle program.

See Infrared astronomy and Space Shuttle

Space telescope

A space telescope (also known as space observatory) is a telescope in outer space used to observe astronomical objects.

See Infrared astronomy and Space telescope

SpaceNews

SpaceNews is a print and digital publication that covers business and political news in the space and satellite industry.

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SPHEREx

SPHEREx (Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization, and Ices Explorer) is a future near-infrared space observatory that will perform an all-sky survey to measure the near-infrared spectra of approximately 450 million galaxies.

See Infrared astronomy and SPHEREx

Spitzer Space Telescope

The Spitzer Space Telescope, formerly the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF), is an infrared space telescope launched in 2003, that was deactivated when operations ended on 30 January 2020.

See Infrared astronomy and Spitzer Space Telescope

Star

A star is a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by self-gravity.

See Infrared astronomy and Star

Star cluster

Star clusters are large groups of stars held together by self-gravitation.

See Infrared astronomy and Star cluster

Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy

The Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) was a 80/20 joint project of NASA and the German Aerospace Center (DLR) to construct and maintain an airborne observatory.

See Infrared astronomy and Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy

STS-51-F

STS-51-F (also known as Spacelab 2) was the 19th flight of NASA's Space Shuttle program and the eighth flight of Space Shuttle ''Challenger''.

See Infrared astronomy and STS-51-F

Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite

Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite (SWAS, also Explorer 74 and SMEX-3) is a NASA submillimetre astronomy satellite, and is the fourth spacecraft in the Small Explorer program (SMEX).

See Infrared astronomy and Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite

Sun

The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.

See Infrared astronomy and Sun

Superconductivity

Superconductivity is a set of physical properties observed in certain materials where electrical resistance vanishes and magnetic fields are expelled from the material.

See Infrared astronomy and Superconductivity

Supernova remnant

A supernova remnant (SNR) is the structure resulting from the explosion of a star in a supernova.

See Infrared astronomy and Supernova remnant

Telescope

A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Infrared astronomy and telescope are astronomical imaging.

See Infrared astronomy and Telescope

Terahertz radiation

Terahertz radiation – also known as submillimeter radiation, terahertz waves, tremendously high frequency (THF), T-rays, T-waves, T-light, T-lux or THz – consists of electromagnetic waves within the ITU-designated band of frequencies from 0.3 to 3 terahertz (THz), although the upper boundary is somewhat arbitrary and is considered by some sources as 30 THz.

See Infrared astronomy and Terahertz radiation

Thermal energy

The term "thermal energy" is used loosely in various contexts in physics and engineering, generally related to the kinetic energy of vibrating and colliding atoms in a substance.

See Infrared astronomy and Thermal energy

Thermopile

A thermopile is an electronic device that converts thermal energy into electrical energy.

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Twinkling

Twinkling, also called scintillation, is a generic term for variations in apparent brightness, colour, or position of a distant luminous object viewed through a medium. Infrared astronomy and Twinkling are Observational astronomy.

See Infrared astronomy and Twinkling

United Kingdom Infrared Telescope

The United Kingdom Infra-Red Telescope (UKIRT) is a 3.8 metre (150 inch) infrared reflecting telescope, the second largest dedicated infrared (1 to 30 micrometres) telescope in the world.

See Infrared astronomy and United Kingdom Infrared Telescope

Universe

The universe is all of space and time and their contents.

See Infrared astronomy and Universe

Vega

Vega is the brightest star in the northern constellation of Lyra.

See Infrared astronomy and Vega

Very Large Telescope

The Very Large Telescope (VLT) is an astronomical facility operated since 1998 by the European Southern Observatory, located on Cerro Paranal in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile.

See Infrared astronomy and Very Large Telescope

Visible-light astronomy

Visible-light astronomy encompasses a wide variety of astronomical observation via telescopes that are sensitive in the range of visible light (optical telescopes). Infrared astronomy and visible-light astronomy are astronomical imaging and Observational astronomy.

See Infrared astronomy and Visible-light astronomy

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_astronomy

Also known as History of infrared astronomy, IR astronomy, Infrared astronomer, Infrared telescopy.

, Lens, Light, Liquid helium, Liquid nitrogen, List of largest infrared telescopes, M band (infrared), Mauna Kea Observatories, Mercury cadmium telluride, Micrometre, Midcourse Space Experiment, Mirror, Moon, N band, Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, Nanometre, Narrow-gap semiconductor, NASA, NASA Infrared Telescope Facility, Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer, Observational astronomy, Optical telescope, Paranal Observatory, Photodetector, Photometry (astronomy), Physicist, Pixel, Prism (optics), Quasar, Radio astronomy, Radio Galaxy Zoo, Readout integrated circuit, Seth Barnes Nicholson, Solid-state electronics, Space Shuttle, Space telescope, SpaceNews, SPHEREx, Spitzer Space Telescope, Star, Star cluster, Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, STS-51-F, Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite, Sun, Superconductivity, Supernova remnant, Telescope, Terahertz radiation, Thermal energy, Thermopile, Twinkling, United Kingdom Infrared Telescope, Universe, Vega, Very Large Telescope, Visible-light astronomy, VISTA (telescope), W. M. Keck Observatory, Water vapor, Wavelength, Wide Field Camera 3, Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, William Herschel, Wyoming Infrared Observatory, 2MASS.

Infrared astronomy, the Glossary

Table of Contents

References