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Iparretarrak, the Glossary

Iparretarrak (meaning "the Northerners" in Basque), commonly known as IK, was a Basque nationalist paramilitary organization operating in the Northern Basque Country, founded in 1973 by Philippe Bidart and other Basque activists.^[1]

Basque language

Basque (euskara) is the only surviving Paleo-European language spoken in Europe, predating the arrival of speakers of the Indo-European languages that dominate the continent today. Basque is spoken by the Basques and other residents of the Basque Country, a region that straddles the westernmost Pyrenees in adjacent parts of northern Spain and southwestern France.

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Basque nationalism

Basque nationalism (eusko abertzaletasuna; nacionalismo vasco; nationalisme basque) is a form of nationalism that asserts that Basques, an ethnic group indigenous to the western Pyrenees, are a nation and promotes the political unity of the Basques, today scattered between Spain and France. Iparretarrak and basque nationalism are basque politics and separatism in France.

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Basques

The Basques (or; euskaldunak; vascos; basques) are a Southwestern European ethnic group, characterised by the Basque language, a common culture and shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians.

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Bayonne

Bayonne (Baiona; Baiona; Bayona) is a city in Southwestern France near the Spanish border.

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Biarritz

Biarritz (also spelled Miarritze; Biàrritz) is a city on the Bay of Biscay, on the Atlantic coast in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the French Basque Country in southwestern France.

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ETA (separatist group)

ETA, an acronym for ("Basque Homeland and Liberty", Encyclopaedia Britannica 20 October 2011 or "Basque Country and Freedom"), was an armed Basque nationalist and far-left separatist organization in the Basque Country between 1959 and 2018, with its goal being independence for the region. Iparretarrak and ETA (separatist group) are basque politics and separatism in France.

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François Mitterrand

François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand (26 October 19168 January 1996) was a French politician who served as President of France from 1981 to 1995, the longest holder of that position in the history of France.

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French Basque Country

The French Basque Country, or Northern Basque Country (Iparralde,; Pays basque; País Vasco francés), is a region lying on the west of the French department of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques.

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Irrintzi

Irrintzi is an armed Basque nationalist group or cell that acts in the Northern Basque Country (Basque: Iparralde). Iparretarrak and Irrintzi are basque politics, Clandestine groups, Paramilitary organizations based in France and politics of France.

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Lecumberry

Lecumberry, Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.

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Politics of France

The politics of France take place with the framework of a semi-presidential system determined by the French Constitution of the French Fifth Republic.

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Southern Basque Country

The Southern Basque Country (Hegoalde, Hego Euskal Herria; País Vasco español, País Vasco sur, País Vasco y Navarra, País Vasco peninsular) refers to the Basque territories within Spain as a unified whole.

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Terrorism

Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of violence against non-combatants to achieve political or ideological aims.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iparretarrak

Also known as Ipparretarrak.