Ireland, the Glossary
Ireland (Éire; Ulster-Scots: Airlann) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in north-western Europe.[1]
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873 relations: A Modest Proposal, Abbey Theatre, Abdication of Edward VIII, Abwehr, Achill Island, Act of Settlement 1701, Acts of Union 1800, Adam Smith, African diaspora, Alcohol (drug), Alice Maher, All-Ireland, All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship, Almagest, Alnus glutinosa, American Journal of Human Genetics, American whiskey, Americanization, Ancient Rome, Angevin Empire, Anglicanism, Anglicisation, Angling, Anglo-Irish trade war, Anglo-Irish Treaty, Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland, Anglo-Norman language, Aogán Ó Rathaille, Apex predator, Arabs, Aran Islands, Arbutus unedo, Arecaceae, Armagh, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Ashford Castle, Asian people, Association football, Athletics Ireland, Atlantic Bronze Age, Atlantic Ocean, Attacotti, Éamon de Valera, Éile, Éire, Ériu, Údarás na Gaeltachta, Bacon, Bacon and cabbage, ... Expand index (823 more) »
- British Isles
- Celtic nations
- International islands
A Modest Proposal
A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor People from Being a Burthen to Their Parents or Country, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Publick, commonly referred to as A Modest Proposal, is a Juvenalian satirical essay written and published anonymously by Anglo-Irish writer and clergyman Jonathan Swift in 1729.
See Ireland and A Modest Proposal
Abbey Theatre
The Abbey Theatre (Amharclann na Mainistreach), also known as the National Theatre of Ireland (Amharclann Náisiúnta na hÉireann), in Dublin, Ireland, is one of the country's leading cultural institutions.
Abdication of Edward VIII
In early December 1936, a constitutional crisis in the British Empire arose when King Edward VIII proposed to marry Wallis Simpson, an American socialite who was divorced from her first husband and was in the process of divorcing her second.
See Ireland and Abdication of Edward VIII
Abwehr
The Abwehr (German for resistance or defence, though the word usually means counterintelligence in a military context) was the German military-intelligence service for the Reichswehr and the Wehrmacht from 1920 to 1945.
Achill Island
Achill Island (Acaill, Oileán Acla) is the largest of the Irish isles and lies off the west coast of Ireland in County Mayo.
Act of Settlement 1701
The Act of Settlement (12 & 13 Will. 3. c. 2) is an act of the Parliament of England that settled the succession to the English and Irish crowns to only Protestants, which passed in 1701.
See Ireland and Act of Settlement 1701
Acts of Union 1800
The Acts of Union 1800 were parallel acts of the Parliament of Great Britain and the Parliament of Ireland which united the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland (previously in personal union) to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
See Ireland and Acts of Union 1800
Adam Smith
Adam Smith (baptised 1723 – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish economist and philosopher who was a pioneer in the thinking of political economy and key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment.
African diaspora
The global African diaspora is the worldwide collection of communities descended from people from Africa, predominantly in the Americas.
See Ireland and African diaspora
Alcohol (drug)
Alcohol, sometimes referred to by the chemical name ethanol, is one of the most widely used and abused psychoactive drugs in the world and falls under the depressant category.
See Ireland and Alcohol (drug)
Alice Maher
Alice Maher (born 1956) is a contemporary Irish artist working in a variety of media, including sculpture, photography and installation.
All-Ireland
All-Ireland (sometimes All-Island) refers to all of Ireland, as opposed to the separate jurisdictions of the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.
The All-Ireland Senior Football Championship (SFC) (Craobh Shinsir Peile na hÉireann) is the premier inter-county competition in Gaelic football.
See Ireland and All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
The GAA Hurling All-Ireland Senior Championship, known simply as the All-Ireland Championship, is an annual inter-county hurling competition organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA).
See Ireland and All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
Almagest
The Almagest is a 2nd-century mathematical and astronomical treatise on the apparent motions of the stars and planetary paths, written by Claudius Ptolemy in Koine Greek.
Alnus glutinosa
Alnus glutinosa, the common alder, black alder, European alder, European black alder, or just alder, is a species of tree in the family Betulaceae, native to most of Europe, southwest Asia and northern Africa.
See Ireland and Alnus glutinosa
American Journal of Human Genetics
The American Journal of Human Genetics is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of human genetics.
See Ireland and American Journal of Human Genetics
American whiskey
American whiskey is whiskey (a distilled beverage produced from a fermented mash of cereal grain) produced in the United States.
See Ireland and American whiskey
Americanization
Americanization or Americanisation (see spelling differences) is the influence of the American culture and economy on other countries outside the United States, including their media, cuisine, business practices, popular culture, technology and political techniques.
See Ireland and Americanization
Ancient Rome
In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.
Angevin Empire
The term Angevin Empire (Empire Plantagenêt) describes the possessions held by the House of Plantagenet during the 12th and 13th centuries, when they ruled over an area covering roughly all of present-day England, half of France, and parts of Ireland and Wales, and had further influence over much of the remaining British Isles.
See Ireland and Angevin Empire
Anglicanism
Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition which developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the context of the Protestant Reformation in Europe.
Anglicisation
Anglicisation is a form of cultural assimilation whereby something non-English becomes assimilated into, influenced by or dominated by the culture of England.
Angling
Angling (from Old English angol, meaning "hook") is a fishing technique that uses a fish hook attached to a fishing line to tether individual fish in the mouth.
Anglo-Irish trade war
The Anglo-Irish Trade War (also called the Economic War) was a retaliatory trade war between the Irish Free State and the United Kingdom from 1932 to 1938.
See Ireland and Anglo-Irish trade war
Anglo-Irish Treaty
The 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty (An Conradh Angla-Éireannach), commonly known in Ireland as The Treaty and officially the Articles of Agreement for a Treaty Between Great Britain and Ireland, was an agreement between the government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and representatives of the Irish Republic that concluded the Irish War of Independence.
See Ireland and Anglo-Irish Treaty
Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland
The Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland took place during the late 12th century, when Anglo-Normans gradually conquered and acquired large swathes of land from the Irish, over which the kings of England then claimed sovereignty, all allegedly sanctioned by the papal bull Laudabiliter.
See Ireland and Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland
Anglo-Norman language
Anglo-Norman (Anglo-Normaund), also known as Anglo-Norman French, was a dialect of Old Norman that was used in England and, to a lesser extent, other places in Great Britain and Ireland during the Anglo-Norman period.
See Ireland and Anglo-Norman language
Aogán Ó Rathaille
Aodhagán Ó RathailleVariant Irish spellings of his name include Aogán and Ua Rathaille or Egan O'Rahilly (c.1670–1726), was an Irish language poet.
See Ireland and Aogán Ó Rathaille
Apex predator
An apex predator, also known as a top predator or superpredator, is a predator at the top of a food chain, without natural predators of its own.
Arabs
The Arabs (عَرَب, DIN 31635:, Arabic pronunciation), also known as the Arab people (الشَّعْبَ الْعَرَبِيّ), are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa.
Aran Islands
The Aran Islands (Oileáin Árann) or The Arans (na hÁrainneacha) are a group of three islands at the mouth of Galway Bay, off the west coast of Ireland, with a total area around.
Arbutus unedo
Arbutus unedo, commonly known as strawberry tree, or chorleywood in the United Kingdom, is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the family Ericaceae, native to the Mediterranean Basin and Western Europe.
Arecaceae
The Arecaceae is a family of perennial, flowering plants in the monocot order Arecales.
Armagh
Armagh (Ard Mhacha,, "Macha's height") is the county town of County Armagh and a city in Northern Ireland, as well as a civil parish.
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, (1 May 1769 – 14 September 1852) was an Anglo-Irish military officer and statesman who was one of the leading military and political figures in Britain during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, serving twice as British prime minister.
See Ireland and Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
Ashford Castle
Ashford Castle is a medieval and Victorian castle that has been expanded over the centuries and turned into a five star luxury hotel.
See Ireland and Ashford Castle
Asian people
Asian people (or Asians, sometimes referred to as Asiatic peopleUnited States National Library of Medicine. Medical Subject Headings. 2004. November 17, 2006.: Asian Continental Ancestry Group is also used for categorical purposes.) are the people of the continent of Asia.
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players each, who primarily use their feet to propel a ball around a rectangular field called a pitch.
See Ireland and Association football
Athletics Ireland
Athletics Ireland, officially the Athletic Association of Ireland or AAI, is the governing body for athletics in Ireland, with athletics defined as including track and field athletics, road running, race walking, cross country running, mountain running and ultra distance running.
See Ireland and Athletics Ireland
Atlantic Bronze Age
The Atlantic Bronze Age is a term that has never been formally defined.
See Ireland and Atlantic Bronze Age
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, with an area of about.
See Ireland and Atlantic Ocean
Attacotti
Attacotti, Atticoti, Attacoti, Atecotti, Atticotti, and Atecutti were Latin names for a people first recorded as raiding Roman Britain between 364 and 368, alongside the Scoti, Picts, Saxons, Roman military deserters and the indigenous Britons themselves.
Éamon de Valera
Éamon de Valera (first registered as George de Valero; changed some time before 1901 to Edward de Valera; 14 October 1882 – 29 August 1975) was an Irish statesman and political leader.
See Ireland and Éamon de Valera
Éile
Éile (Éle, Éli), commonly anglicised as Ely, was a medieval petty kingdom in the southern part of the modern county of Offaly and parts of North Tipperary in Ireland.
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Éire
Éire is the Irish Gaelic name for "Ireland".
See Ireland and Éire
Ériu
In Irish mythology, Ériu (Éire), daughter of Delbáeth and Ernmas of the Tuatha Dé Danann, was the eponymous matron goddess of Ireland.
See Ireland and Ériu
Údarás na Gaeltachta
Údarás na Gaeltachta (meaning "Gaeltacht Authority"), abbreviated UnaG, is a regional state agency which is responsible for the economic, social and cultural development of Irish-speaking (Gaeltacht) regions of Ireland.
See Ireland and Údarás na Gaeltachta
Bacon
Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork made from various cuts, typically the belly or less fatty parts of the back.
Bacon and cabbage
Bacon and cabbage is a dish traditionally associated with Ireland.
See Ireland and Bacon and cabbage
Baileys Irish Cream
Baileys Irish Cream is an Irish cream liqueur made of cream, cocoa and Irish whiskey emulsified together with vegetable oil.
See Ireland and Baileys Irish Cream
Ballyclare
Ballyclare is a small town in County Antrim, Northern Ireland.
Ballylumford Power Station
Ballylumford power station "C" station is a natural-gas-fired power station in County Antrim, Northern Ireland, UK.
See Ireland and Ballylumford Power Station
Bangor, County Down
Bangor is a city and seaside resort in County Down, Northern Ireland, on the southern side of Belfast Lough.
See Ireland and Bangor, County Down
Bannow
Bannow is a village and civil parish lying east of Bannow Bay on the south-west coast of County Wexford, Ireland.
Bantry Bay
Bantry Bay is a bay located in County Cork, Ireland.
Bantry House
Bantry House is a historic house with gardens in Bantry, County Cork, Ireland.
Barley
Barley (Hordeum vulgare), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally.
Barn swallow
The barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) is the most widespread species of swallow in the world, occurring on all continents, with vagrants reported even in Antarctica.
Battle of Ballymore-Eustace
The Battle of Ballymore-Eustace was one of the events in the United Irish rebellion of 1798.
See Ireland and Battle of Ballymore-Eustace
Battle of Carlow
The Battle of Carlow took place in Carlow town, Ireland on 25 May 1798 when Carlow rebels rose in support of the 1798 rebellion which had begun the day before in County Kildare.
See Ireland and Battle of Carlow
Battle of Castlebar
The Battle of Castlebar was a military engagement of the Irish Rebellion of 1798 which occurred on 27 August 1798 near the town of Castlebar, County Mayo.
See Ireland and Battle of Castlebar
Battle of Clontarf
The Battle of Clontarf (Cath Chluain Tarbh) took place on 23 April 1014 at Clontarf, near Dublin, on the east coast of Ireland.
See Ireland and Battle of Clontarf
Battle of Naas
The Battle of Naas took place in Ireland on 24 May 1798.
See Ireland and Battle of Naas
Battle of Prosperous
The Battle of Prosperous was a military engagement between British Crown forces and United Irishmen rebels during the Irish Rebellion of 1798 in the town of Prosperous, County Kildare.
See Ireland and Battle of Prosperous
Battle of Vinegar Hill
The Battle of Vinegar Hill (Irish: Cath Chnoc Fhíodh na gCaor) was a military engagement during the Irish Rebellion of 1798 on 21 June 1798 between a force of approximately 13,000 government troops under the command of Gerard Lake and 16,000 United Irishmen rebels led by Anthony Perry.
See Ireland and Battle of Vinegar Hill
BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.
Belfast
Belfast (from Béal Feirste) is the capital city and principal port of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan and connected to the open sea through Belfast Lough and the North Channel.
Belfast Blitz
The Belfast Blitz consisted of four German air raids on strategic targets in the city of Belfast in Northern Ireland, in April and May 1941 during World War II, causing high casualties.
Belfast metropolitan area
The Belfast metropolitan area, also known as Greater Belfast, is a grouping of council areas which include commuter towns and overspill from Belfast, Northern Ireland, with a population of 672,522 in 2011, combining the Belfast, Lisburn, Newtownabbey, North Down, Castlereagh and Carrickfergus districts.
See Ireland and Belfast metropolitan area
Belgae
The Belgae were a large confederation of tribes living in northern Gaul, between the English Channel, the west bank of the Rhine, and the northern bank of the river Seine, from at least the third century BC.
Bell Beaker culture
The Bell Beaker culture, also known as the Bell Beaker complex or Bell Beaker phenomenon, is an archaeological culture named after the inverted-bell beaker drinking vessel used at the very beginning of the European Bronze Age, arising from around 2800 BC.
See Ireland and Bell Beaker culture
Bell's theorem
Bell's theorem is a term encompassing a number of closely related results in physics, all of which determine that quantum mechanics is incompatible with local hidden-variable theories, given some basic assumptions about the nature of measurement.
See Ireland and Bell's theorem
Bicameralism
Bicameralism is a type of legislature that is divided into two separate assemblies, chambers, or houses, known as a bicameral legislature.
Billy Roche
Billy Roche (born 11 January 1949) is an Irish playwright and actor.
Birch
A birch is a thin-leaved deciduous hardwood tree of the genus Betula, in the family Betulaceae, which also includes alders, hazels, and hornbeams.
Blaa
A blaa, or Waterford Blaa, is a doughy, white bread bun (roll) speciality, particularly associated with Waterford, Ireland.
See Ireland and Blaa
Black Death
The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic occurring in Europe from 1346 to 1353.
Black people
Black is a racialized classification of people, usually a political and skin color-based category for specific populations with a mid- to dark brown complexion.
Black pudding
Black pudding is a distinct national type of blood sausage originating in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
Blarney Castle
Blarney Castle (Caisleán na Blarnan) is a medieval stronghold in Blarney, near Cork, Ireland.
See Ireland and Blarney Castle
Bloomberg Businessweek
Bloomberg Businessweek, previously known as BusinessWeek (and before that Business Week and The Business Week), is an American monthly business magazine published 12 times a year.
See Ireland and Bloomberg Businessweek
Bloomsday
Bloomsday is a commemoration and celebration of the life of Irish writer James Joyce, observed annually in Dublin and elsewhere on 16 June, the day his 1922 novel Ulysses takes place on a Thursday in 1904, the date of his first sexual encounter with his wife-to-be, Nora Barnacle, and named after its protagonist Leopold Bloom.
Blue Flag beach
The Blue Flag is a certification by the Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE) that a beach, marina, or sustainable boating tourism operator meets its standards.
See Ireland and Blue Flag beach
Book of Kells
The Book of Kells (Codex Cenannensis; Leabhar Cheanannais; Dublin, Trinity College Library, MS A. I., sometimes known as the Book of Columba) is an illuminated manuscript and Celtic Gospel book in Latin, containing the four Gospels of the New Testament together with various prefatory texts and tables.
Bord Gáis Energy
Bord Gáis Energy is a utility company that supplies gas and electricity and boiler services to customers in Ireland.
See Ireland and Bord Gáis Energy
Boreal Kingdom
The Boreal Kingdom or Holarctic Kingdom (Holarctis) is a floristic kingdom identified by botanist Ronald Good (and later by Armen Takhtajan), which includes the temperate to Arctic portions of North America and Eurasia.
See Ireland and Boreal Kingdom
Boxing
Boxing is a combat sport and martial art.
Boxty
Boxty (bacstaí or steaimpí) is a traditional Irish potato pancake.
Boyle's law
Boyle's law, also referred to as the Boyle–Mariotte law or Mariotte's law (especially in France), is an empirical gas law that describes the relationship between pressure and volume of a confined gas.
Brú na Bóinne
Brú na Bóinne ("mansion or palace of the Boyne"), also called the Boyne Valley tombs, is an ancient monument complex and ritual landscape in County Meath, Ireland, located in a bend of the River Boyne.
Breakfast roll
The breakfast roll (rollóg bhricfeasta) is a bread roll filled with elements of a traditional fried breakfast.
See Ireland and Breakfast roll
Brexit
Brexit (portmanteau of "British exit") was the withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU).
Brian Friel
Brian Patrick Friel (c. 9 January 1929 – 2 October 2015) was an Irish dramatist, short story writer and founder of the Field Day Theatre Company.
British Army
The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Naval Service and the Royal Air Force.
British Isles
The British Isles are a group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-western coast of continental Europe, consisting of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Inner and Outer Hebrides, the Northern Isles (Orkney and Shetland), and over six thousand smaller islands.
British Summer Time
During British Summer Time (BST), civil time in the United Kingdom is advanced one hour forward of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), in effect changing the time zone from UTC±00:00 to UTC+01:00, so that mornings have one hour less daylight, and evenings one hour more.
See Ireland and British Summer Time
British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference
The British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference (BIIGC) is an intergovernmental organisation established by the Governments of Ireland and the United Kingdom under the Good Friday Agreement in 1998.
See Ireland and British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference
Brittany
Brittany (Bretagne,; Breizh,; Gallo: Bertaèyn or Bertègn) is a peninsula, historical country and cultural area in the north-west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica during the period of Roman occupation. Ireland and Brittany are celtic nations.
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age was a historical period lasting from approximately 3300 to 1200 BC.
Brooch
A brooch (also) is a decorative jewellery item designed to be attached to garments, often to fasten them together.
Brown bear
The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is a large bear native to Eurasia and North America.
Bundoran
Bundoran is a town in County Donegal, Ireland.
Bunratty Castle
Bunratty Castle is a large 15th-century tower house in County Clare, Ireland.
See Ireland and Bunratty Castle
Business Post
The Business Post (formerly The Sunday Business Post) is a Sunday newspaper distributed nationally in Ireland and an online publication.
Butler dynasty
Butler (de Buitléir) is the name of a noble family whose members were, for several centuries, prominent in the administration of the Lordship of Ireland and the Kingdom of Ireland.
See Ireland and Butler dynasty
Cabbage
Cabbage, comprising several cultivars of Brassica oleracea, is a leafy green, red (purple), or white (pale green) biennial plant grown as an annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads.
Caledonian orogeny
The Caledonian orogeny was a mountain-building cycle recorded in the northern parts of the British Isles, the Scandinavian Caledonides, Svalbard, eastern Greenland and parts of north-central Europe.
See Ireland and Caledonian orogeny
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
See Ireland and Cambridge University Press
Cambro-Normans
Cambro-Normans (Cambria; "Wales", Normaniaid Cymreig; Nouormands Galles) were Normans who settled in southern Wales and the Welsh Marches after the Norman invasion of Wales, allied with their counterpart families who settled England following its conquest.
See Ireland and Cambro-Normans
Canadian whisky
Canadian whisky is a type of whisky produced in Canada.
See Ireland and Canadian whisky
Carboniferous
The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the Permian Period, Ma.
Carnoustie
Carnoustie (Càrn Ùstaidh) is a town and former police burgh in the council area of Angus, Scotland.
Carrauntoohil
Carrauntoohil, Carrauntoohill or Carrantuohill (Corrán Tuathail, meaning "Tuathal's sickle") is the highest mountain in Ireland at.
Carroll & Graf Publishers
Carroll & Graf Publishers was an American publishing company based in New York City, New York, known for publishing a wide range of fiction and non-fiction by both new and established authors, as well as issuing reprints of previously hard-to-find works.
See Ireland and Carroll & Graf Publishers
Castle Leslie
Castle Leslie, also known as Glaslough House, is home to an Irish branch of Clan Leslie, is located on the 4 km2 (1,000-acre) Castle Leslie Estate adjacent to the village of Glaslough, northeast of Monaghan town in County Monaghan, Ireland.
Castle Ward
Castle Ward is an 18th-century National Trust property located near the village of Strangford, in County Down, Northern Ireland, in the townland of the same name.
Castletown House
Castletown House, Celbridge, County Kildare, Ireland, is a Palladian country house built in 1722 for William Conolly, the Speaker of the Irish House of Commons.
See Ireland and Castletown House
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.
See Ireland and Catholic Church
Catholic emancipation
Catholic emancipation or Catholic relief was a process in the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland, and later the combined United Kingdom in the late 18th century and early 19th century, that involved reducing and removing many of the restrictions on Roman Catholics introduced by the Act of Uniformity, the Test Acts and the penal laws.
See Ireland and Catholic emancipation
Cálraighe
The Cálraighe were a population-group found mostly in northern Connacht as well as County Westmeath and County Longford.
Céide Fields
The Céide Fields is an archaeological site on the north County Mayo coast in the west of Ireland, about northwest of Ballycastle.
Cíarraige
The Ciarraige were a population-group recorded in the early historic era in Ireland.
Celtic Christianity
Celtic Christianity is a form of Christianity that was common, or held to be common, across the Celtic-speaking world during the Early Middle Ages.
See Ireland and Celtic Christianity
Celtic harp
The Celtic harp is a triangular frame harp traditional to the Celtic nations of northwest Europe.
Celtic knot
Celtic knots (snaidhm Cheilteach, cwlwm Celtaidd, kolm Keltek, snaidhm Ceilteach) are a variety of knots and stylized graphical representations of knots used for decoration, used extensively in the Celtic style of Insular art.
Celtic languages
The Celtic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family, descended from Proto-Celtic.
See Ireland and Celtic languages
Celtic nations
The Celtic nations or Celtic countries are a cultural area and collection of geographical regions in Northwestern Europe where the Celtic languages and cultural traits have survived.
See Ireland and Celtic nations
Celtic Sea
The Celtic Sea is the area of the Atlantic Ocean off the southern coast of Ireland bounded to the north by Saint George's Channel; other limits include the Bristol Channel, the English Channel, and the Bay of Biscay, as well as adjacent portions of Wales, Cornwall, and Brittany.
Celtic Tiger
The "Celtic Tiger" (An Tíogar Ceilteach) is a term referring to the economy of Ireland from the mid-1990s to the late 2000s, a period of rapid real economic growth fuelled by foreign direct investment.
Celts
The Celts (see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples were a collection of Indo-European peoples.
Central Statistics Office (Ireland)
The Central Statistics Office (CSO; An Phríomh-Oifig Staidrimh) is the statistical agency responsible for the gathering of "information relating to economic, social and general activities and conditions" in Ireland, in particular the census which is held every five years.
See Ireland and Central Statistics Office (Ireland)
Charles Kickham
Charles Joseph Kickham (9 May 1828 – 22 August 1882) was an Irish revolutionary, novelist, poet, journalist and one of the most prominent members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood.
See Ireland and Charles Kickham
Charles Stewart Parnell
Charles Stewart Parnell (27 June 1846 – 6 October 1891) was an Irish nationalist politician who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom from 1875 to 1891, Leader of the Home Rule League from 1880 to 1882, and then of the Irish Parliamentary Party from 1882 to 1891, who held the balance of power in the House of Commons during the Home Rule debates of 1885–1886.
See Ireland and Charles Stewart Parnell
Chiral anomaly
In theoretical physics, a chiral anomaly is the anomalous nonconservation of a chiral current.
See Ireland and Chiral anomaly
Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin
Christ Church Cathedral, more formally The Cathedral of the Holy Trinity (Irish: Ardeaglais Theampall Chríost), is the cathedral of the United Dioceses of Dublin and Glendalough and the cathedral of the ecclesiastical province of the United Provinces of Dublin and Cashel in the (Anglican) Church of Ireland.
See Ireland and Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin
Christianization
Christianization (or Christianisation) is a term for the specific type of change that occurs when someone or something has been or is being converted to Christianity.
See Ireland and Christianization
Christy Moore
Christopher Andrew "Christy" Moore (born 7 May 1945) is an Irish folk singer, songwriter and guitarist.
Chronicle of Ireland
The Chronicle of Ireland (Croinic na hÉireann) is the modern name for a hypothesized collection of ecclesiastical annals recording events in Ireland from 432 to 911 AD.
See Ireland and Chronicle of Ireland
Church of Ireland
The Church of Ireland (Eaglais na hÉireann,; Kirk o Airlann) is a Christian church in Ireland, and an autonomous province of the Anglican Communion.
See Ireland and Church of Ireland
Ciannachta
The Ciannachta were a population group of early historic Ireland.
Cider
Cider is an alcoholic beverage made from the fermented juice of apples.
Circumboreal Region
The Circumboreal Region in phytogeography is a floristic region within the Holarctic Kingdom in Eurasia and North America, as delineated by such geobotanists as Josias Braun-Blanquet and Armen Takhtajan.
See Ireland and Circumboreal Region
Clannad
Clannad were an Irish band formed in 1970 in Gweedore, County Donegal, by siblings Ciarán, Pól and Moya Ui Bhraonáin (in English, Brennan) and their twin uncles Noel and Pádraig Ó Dúgáin (Duggan).
Cló Iar-Chonnacht
Cló Iar-Chonnacht (CIC;; "West Connacht Press") is an Irish language publishing company founded in 1985 by writer Micheál Ó Conghaile, a native speaker of Irish from Inis Treabhair in Connemara.
See Ireland and Cló Iar-Chonnacht
Clean technology
Clean technology, also called cleantech or climatetech, is any process, product, or service that reduces negative environmental impacts through significant energy efficiency improvements, the sustainable use of resources, or environmental protection activities.
See Ireland and Clean technology
Cliffs of Moher
The Cliffs of Moher are sea cliffs located at the southwestern edge of the Burren region in County Clare, Ireland.
See Ireland and Cliffs of Moher
Cliftonville F.C.
Cliftonville Football & Athletic Club is a semi-professional association football club playing in the NIFL Premiership – the top division of the Northern Ireland Football League.
See Ireland and Cliftonville F.C.
Climate of Ireland
The climate of Ireland is mild, humid and changeable with abundant rainfall and a lack of temperature extremes.
See Ireland and Climate of Ireland
Clonmacnoise
Clonmacnoise (Irish: Cluain Mhic Nóis) is a ruined monastery situated in County Offaly in Ireland on the River Shannon south of Athlone, founded in 544 by Saint Ciarán, a young man from Rathcroghan, County Roscommon.
CNBC
CNBC is an American business news channel owned by NBCUniversal News Group, a unit of Comcast's NBCUniversal.
See Ireland and CNBC
Coarse fishing
Coarse fishing is a phrase commonly used in Britain and Ireland.
See Ireland and Coarse fishing
Cocktail
A cocktail is a mixed drink, usually alcoholic.
Coddle
Coddle (sometimes Dublin coddle) is an Irish dish which is often made to use up leftovers.
Coillte
Coillte (meaning /) is a state-owned commercial forestry business in Ireland based in Newtownmountkennedy.
Coiscéim
Coiscéim ("Footstep") is a prolific Dublin-based Irish-language publisher founded by writer, historian and language activist Pádraig Ó Snodaigh in 1980.
Colcannon
Colcannon is a traditional Irish dish of mashed potatoes with cabbage.
Columba
Columba or Colmcille (7 December 521 – 9 June 597 AD) was an Irish abbot and missionary evangelist credited with spreading Christianity in what is today Scotland at the start of the Hiberno-Scottish mission.
Commission for Regulation of Utilities
The Commission for Regulation of Utilities (CRU, An Coimisiúin um Rialáil Fóntais), formerly known as the Commission for Energy Regulation (CER, An Coimisiún um Rialáil Fuinnimh), is the Republic of Ireland's energy and water economic utility regulator.
See Ireland and Commission for Regulation of Utilities
Commissioners of Irish Lights
The Commissioners of Irish Lights (Coimisinéirí Soilse na hÉireann), often shortened to Irish Lights or CIL, is the body that serves as the general lighthouse authority for Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland and their adjacent seas and islands.
See Ireland and Commissioners of Irish Lights
Common Agricultural Policy
The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is the agricultural policy of the European Commission.
See Ireland and Common Agricultural Policy
Common Travel Area
The Common Travel Area (CTA; Comhlimistéar Taistil) is an open borders area comprising the United Kingdom, Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
See Ireland and Common Travel Area
Confederate Ireland
Confederate Ireland, also referred to as the Irish Catholic Confederation, was a period of Irish Catholic self-government between 1642 and 1652, during the Eleven Years' War.
See Ireland and Confederate Ireland
Conflict Archive on the Internet
CAIN (Conflict Archive on the Internet) is a database containing information about Conflict and Politics in Northern Ireland from 1968 to the present.
See Ireland and Conflict Archive on the Internet
Conifer
Conifers are a group of cone-bearing seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms.
Conmaicne
The Conmaicne (Modern Conmhaicne) were a people of early Ireland, perhaps related to the Laigin, who dispersed to various parts of Ireland.
Connacht
Connacht or Connaught (Connachta or Cúige Chonnacht), is one of the four provinces of Ireland, in the west of Ireland.
Connachta
The Connachta are a group of medieval Irish dynasties who claimed descent from the legendary High King Conn Cétchathach (Conn of the Hundred Battles).
Connemara
Connemara (Conamara) is a region on the Atlantic coast of western County Galway, in the west of Ireland.
Conor McPherson
Conor McPherson (born 6 August 1971) is an Irish playwright, screenwriter and director of stage and film.
See Ireland and Conor McPherson
Conscription
Conscription is the state-mandated enlistment of people in a national service, mainly a military service.
Conscription Crisis of 1918
The Conscription Crisis of 1918 stemmed from a move by the British government to impose conscription (military draft) in Ireland in April 1918 during the First World War.
See Ireland and Conscription Crisis of 1918
Constitution of Ireland
The Constitution of Ireland (Bunreacht na hÉireann) is the fundamental law of Ireland.
See Ireland and Constitution of Ireland
Continental Europe
Continental Europe or mainland Europe is the contiguous mainland of Europe, excluding its surrounding islands.
See Ireland and Continental Europe
Corcu Loígde
The Corcu Loígde (Corcu Lóegde, Corco Luigde, Corca Laoighdhe, Laidhe), meaning Gens of the Calf Goddess, also called the Síl Lugdach meic Itha, were a kingdom centred in West County Cork who descended from the proto-historical rulers of Munster, the Dáirine, of whom they were the central royal sept.
Cork (city)
Cork (from corcach, meaning 'marsh') is the second largest city in the Republic of Ireland, third largest on the island of Ireland, the county town of County Cork and largest city in the province of Munster.
Corn Laws
The Corn Laws were tariffs and other trade restrictions on imported food and corn enforced in the United Kingdom between 1815 and 1846.
Corrib gas controversy
The Corrib gas controversy was a social protest campaign against the Corrib gas project in north-western County Mayo, Ireland.
See Ireland and Corrib gas controversy
Corrib gas project
The Corrib gas project (Tionscanamh Ghás Aiceanta na Coiribe) is a developed natural gas deposit located in the Atlantic Ocean, approximately off the northwest coast of County Mayo, Ireland.
See Ireland and Corrib gas project
Corylus avellana
Corylus avellana, the common hazel, is a species of flowering plant in the birch family Betulaceae, native to Europe and Western Asia.
See Ireland and Corylus avellana
Counties of Ireland
The counties of Ireland (Irish: Contaetha na hÉireann) are historic administrative divisions of the island.
See Ireland and Counties of Ireland
Counties of Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland is divided into six counties, namely: Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry and Tyrone.
See Ireland and Counties of Northern Ireland
Countries of the United Kingdom
Since 1922, the United Kingdom has been made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales (which collectively make up Great Britain) and Northern Ireland (variously described as a country, province, jurisdiction or region).
See Ireland and Countries of the United Kingdom
County Cavan
County Cavan (Contae an Chabháin) is a county in Ireland.
County Clare
County Clare (Contae an Chláir) is a county in the province of Munster in the Southern part of the republic of Ireland, bordered on the west by the Atlantic Ocean.
County Cork
County Cork (Contae Chorcaí) is the largest and the southernmost county of Ireland, named after the city of Cork, the state's second-largest city. It is in the province of Munster and the Southern Region. Its largest market towns are Mallow, Macroom, Midleton, and Skibbereen., the county had a population of 584,156, making it the third-most populous county in Ireland.
County Donegal
County Donegal (Contae Dhún na nGall) is a county of Ireland in the province of Ulster and in the Northern and Western Region.
See Ireland and County Donegal
County Dublin
County Dublin (Contae Bhaile Átha Cliath or Contae Átha Cliath) is a county in Ireland, and holds its capital city, Dublin.
County Galway
County Galway (Contae na Gaillimhe) is a county in Ireland.
County Kerry
County Kerry (Contae Chiarraí) is a county on the southwest coast of Ireland, within the province of Munster and the Southern Region.
County Leitrim
County Leitrim (Contae Liatroma) is a county in Ireland.
See Ireland and County Leitrim
County Limerick
County Limerick (Contae Luimnigh) is a western county in Ireland.
See Ireland and County Limerick
County Mayo
County Mayo is a county in Ireland.
County of Anjou
The County of Anjou (Andegavia) was a French county that was the predecessor to the Duchy of Anjou.
See Ireland and County of Anjou
County Tipperary
County Tipperary (Contae Thiobraid Árann) is a county in Ireland.
See Ireland and County Tipperary
County Waterford
County Waterford (Contae Phort Láirge) is a county in Ireland.
See Ireland and County Waterford
County Wexford
County Wexford (Contae Loch Garman) is a county in Ireland.
See Ireland and County Wexford
Craigavon
Craigavon is a town in northern County Armagh, Northern Ireland.
Crataegus monogyna
Crataegus monogyna, known as common hawthorn, one-seed hawthorn, or single-seeded hawthorn, is a species of flowering plant in the rose family Rosaceae.
See Ireland and Crataegus monogyna
Cré na Cille
Cré na Cille is an Irish language novel by Máirtín Ó Cadhain.
Cricket
Cricket is a bat-and-ball game that is played between two teams of eleven players on a field, at the centre of which is a pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps.
Croaghaun
Croaghaun (Cruachán) is a mountain on Achill Island in County Mayo, Ireland.
Croke Park
Croke Park (Páirc an Chrócaigh) is a Gaelic games stadium in Dublin, Ireland.
Cromwellian conquest of Ireland
The Cromwellian conquest of Ireland (1649–1653) was the re-conquest of Ireland by the Commonwealth of England, led by Oliver Cromwell.
See Ireland and Cromwellian conquest of Ireland
Cruthin
The Cruthin (Cruithnig or Cruithni; Cruithne) were a people of early medieval Ireland.
Culling
Culling is the process of segregating organisms from a group according to desired or undesired characteristics.
Cultivar
A cultivar is a kind of cultivated plant that people have selected for desired traits and which retains those traits when propagated.
Culture of Europe
The culture of Europe is diverse, and rooted in its art, architecture, traditions, cuisines, music, folklore, embroidery, film, literature, economics, philosophy and religious customs.
See Ireland and Culture of Europe
Culture of Ireland
The culture of Ireland includes the art, music, dance, folklore, traditional clothing, language, literature, cuisine and sport associated with Ireland and the Irish people.
See Ireland and Culture of Ireland
Daniel O'Connell
Daniel(I) O’Connell (Dónall Ó Conaill; 6 August 1775 – 15 May 1847), hailed in his time as The Liberator, was the acknowledged political leader of Ireland's Roman Catholic majority in the first half of the 19th century.
See Ireland and Daniel O'Connell
Darren Clarke
Darren Christopher Clarke, (born 14 August 1968) is a professional golfer from Northern Ireland who currently plays on the PGA Tour Champions and has previously played on the European Tour and PGA Tour.
Dartraighe
Dartraighe (older spelling: Dartraige), anglicised as Dartree, Dartry or Dartrey, was an Irish territory or tuath in medieval Ireland which stretched north to Clones and south to the Dromore River.
David Reich (geneticist)
David Emil Reich (born July 14, 1974) is an American geneticist known for his research into the population genetics of ancient humans, including their migrations and the mixing of populations, discovered by analysis of genome-wide patterns of mutations.
See Ireland and David Reich (geneticist)
Dáibhí Ó Bruadair
Dáibhí Ó Bruadair (1625 – January 1698) was a 17th-century Irish language poet.
See Ireland and Dáibhí Ó Bruadair
Dáibhí Ó Cróinín
Dáibhí Iarla Ó Cróinín (born 29 August 1954) is an Irish historian and authority on Hiberno-Latin texts, noted for his significant mid-1980s discovery in a manuscript in Padua of the "lost" Irish 84-year Easter table.
See Ireland and Dáibhí Ó Cróinín
Dáil Éireann
Dáil Éireann is the lower house, and principal chamber, of the Oireachtas (Irish legislature), which also includes the president of Ireland and a senate called Seanad Éireann.
Dáirine
The Dáirine (Dárine, Dáirfine, Dáirfhine, Dárfine, Dárinne, Dairinne), later known dynastically as the Corcu Loígde and associated, were the proto-historical rulers of Munster before the rise of the Eóganachta in the 7th century AD.
Dál Riata
Dál Riata or Dál Riada (also Dalriada) was a Gaelic kingdom that encompassed the western seaboard of Scotland and north-eastern Ireland, on each side of the North Channel.
Déisi
The Déisi were a social class in Ireland between the ancient and early medieval period.
Deciduous
In the fields of horticulture and botany, the term deciduous means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, after flowering; and to the shedding of ripe fruit.
Deer of Ireland
There are four species of deer living wild in Ireland today, namely red deer, fallow deer, sika deer, and the recently introduced Reeve's muntjac, which is becoming established.
See Ireland and Deer of Ireland
Deirgtine
The Deirgtine (Deirgthine, Dergtine, Dergthine), Clanna Dergthened or "Descendants of Dego Dergthened" were the proto-historical ancestors of the historical Eóganachta dynasties of Munster.
Delbhna
The Delbna or Delbhna were a Gaelic Irish tribe in Ireland, claiming kinship with the Dál gCais, through descent from Dealbhna son of Cas.
Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine
The Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine (An Roinn Talmhaíochta, Bia agus Mara) is a department of the Government of Ireland.
See Ireland and Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine
Derry
Derry, officially Londonderry, is the largest city in County Londonderry, the second-largest in Northern Ireland and the fifth-largest on the island of Ireland.
Derval O'Rourke
Derval O'Rourke (born 28 May 1981) is an Irish former sprint hurdles athlete.
See Ireland and Derval O'Rourke
Devonian
The Devonian is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era during the Phanerozoic eon, spanning 60.3 million years from the end of the preceding Silurian period at million years ago (Ma), to the beginning of the succeeding Carboniferous period at Ma.
Diarmait Mac Murchada
Diarmait Mac Murchada (Modern Irish: Diarmaid Mac Murchadha; anglicised as Dermot MacMurrough or Dermot MacMurphy) (c. 1110 – c. 1 May 1171), was King of Leinster in Ireland from 1127 to 1171.
See Ireland and Diarmait Mac Murchada
Dingle Peninsula
The Dingle Peninsula (Corca Dhuibhne; anglicised as Corkaguiny or Corcaguiny, the name of the corresponding barony) is the northernmost of the major peninsulas in County Kerry.
See Ireland and Dingle Peninsula
Direct rule (Northern Ireland)
In Northern Irish politics, direct rule is the administration of Northern Ireland directly by the Government of the United Kingdom.
See Ireland and Direct rule (Northern Ireland)
Dissenter
A dissenter (from the Latin, 'to disagree') is one who dissents (disagrees) in matters of opinion, belief, etc.
Donegal Bay
Donegal Bay (Bá Dhún na nGall) is an inlet (or bay) in the northwest of Ireland.
Drift netting
Drift netting is a fishing technique where nets, called drift nets, hang vertically in the water column without being anchored to the bottom.
Drisheen
Drisheen (drisín) is a type of blood pudding made in Ireland.
Dromoland Castle
Dromoland Castle (Drom Ólainn) is a castle, located near Newmarket-on-Fergus in County Clare, Ireland.
See Ireland and Dromoland Castle
Druid
A druid was a member of the high-ranking priestly class in ancient Celtic cultures.
Dry stone
Dry stone, sometimes called drystack or, in Scotland, drystane, is a building method by which structures are constructed from stones without any mortar to bind them together.
Dublin
Dublin is the capital of the Republic of Ireland and also the largest city by size on the island of Ireland.
Dublin Castle
Dublin Castle (Caisleán Bhaile Átha Cliath) is a major Irish government complex, conference centre, and tourist attraction.
Dungarvan
Dungarvan is a coastal town and harbour in County Waterford, on the south-east coast of Ireland.
Early European Farmers
Early European Farmers (EEF) were a group of the Anatolian Neolithic Farmers (ANF) who brought agriculture to Europe and Northwest Africa.
See Ireland and Early European Farmers
Early Irish law
Early Irish law, also called Brehon law (from the old Irish word breithim meaning judge), comprised the statutes which governed everyday life in Early Medieval Ireland.
See Ireland and Early Irish law
Early Irish literature
Early Irish literature, is commonly dated from the 8th or 9th to the 15th century, a period during which modern literature in Irish began to emerge.
See Ireland and Early Irish literature
Early Middle Ages
The Early Middle Ages (or early medieval period), sometimes controversially referred to as the Dark Ages, is typically regarded by historians as lasting from the late 5th to the 10th century.
See Ireland and Early Middle Ages
Easter Rising
The Easter Rising (Éirí Amach na Cásca), also known as the Easter Rebellion, was an armed insurrection in Ireland during Easter Week in April 1916.
Eóganachta
The Eóganachta (Modern Eoghanachta) were an Irish dynasty centred on Cashel which dominated southern Ireland (namely the Kingdom of Munster) from the 6/7th to the 10th centuries, and following that, in a restricted form, the Kingdom of Desmond, and its offshoot Carbery, to the late 16th century.
Economies of scale
In microeconomics, economies of scale are the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their scale of operation, and are typically measured by the amount of output produced per unit of time.
See Ireland and Economies of scale
Ecoregion
An ecoregion (ecological region) is an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a bioregion, which in turn is smaller than a biogeographic realm.
Edgeworth box
In economics, an Edgeworth box, sometimes referred to as an Edgeworth-Bowley box, is a graphical representation of a market with just two commodities, X and Y, and two consumers.
Edith Somerville
Edith Anna Œnone Somerville (2 May 1858 – 8 October 1949) was an Irish novelist who habitually signed herself as "E.
See Ireland and Edith Somerville
Edward Carson
Edward Henry Carson, Baron Carson, PC, PC (Ire) (9 February 1854 – 22 October 1935), from 1900 to 1921 known as Sir Edward Carson, was an Irish unionist politician, barrister and judge, who was the Attorney General and Solicitor General for England, Wales and Ireland as well as the First Lord of the Admiralty for the British Royal Navy.
Eibhlín Dubh Ní Chonaill
Eibhlín Dubh Ní Chonaill (also known as Eileen O'Connell) was a member of the Irish gentry and a poet.
See Ireland and Eibhlín Dubh Ní Chonaill
EirGrid
EirGrid plc is the state-owned electric power transmission operator in Ireland.
Electron
The electron (or in nuclear reactions) is a subatomic particle with a negative one elementary electric charge.
Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 19268 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022.
Endonym and exonym
An endonym (also known as autonym) is a common, native name for a group of people, individual person, geographical place, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside a particular group or linguistic community to identify or designate themselves, their homeland, or their language.
See Ireland and Endonym and exonym
England and Wales
England and Wales is one of the three legal jurisdictions of the United Kingdom.
See Ireland and England and Wales
English country house
An English country house is a large house or mansion in the English countryside.
See Ireland and English country house
Ennis (UK Parliament constituency)
Ennis is a former United Kingdom Parliament constituency in Ireland, returning one MP.
See Ireland and Ennis (UK Parliament constituency)
Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland)
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for protecting and improving the environment as a valuable asset for the people of Ireland.
See Ireland and Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland)
Enya
Eithne Pádraigín Ní Bhraonáin (born 17 May 1961) known mononymously as Enya, is an Irish composer and singer-songwriter.
See Ireland and Enya
Ernest Shackleton
Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton (15 February 1874 – 5 January 1922) was an Anglo-Irish Antarctic explorer who led three British expeditions to the Antarctic.
See Ireland and Ernest Shackleton
Ernest Walton
Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton MRIA (6 October 1903 – 25 June 1995) was an Irish physicist and Nobel laureate who first split the atom.
ESB Group
The Electricity Supply Board (ESB; Bord Soláthair an Leictreachais) is a state owned (95%; the rest are owned by employees) electricity company operating in the Republic of Ireland.
Euro
The euro (symbol: €; currency code: EUR) is the official currency of 20 of the member states of the European Union.
See Ireland and Euro
European badger
The European badger (Meles meles), also known as the Eurasian badger, is a badger species in the family Mustelidae native to Europe and West Asia and parts of Central Asia.
See Ireland and European badger
European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML) is a European treaty (CETS 148) adopted in 1992 under the auspices of the Council of Europe to protect and promote historical regional and minority languages in Europe.
See Ireland and European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organisation created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957,Today the largely rewritten treaty continues in force as the Treaty on the functioning of the European Union, as renamed by the Lisbon Treaty.
See Ireland and European Economic Community
European hedgehog
The European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus), also known as the West European hedgehog or common hedgehog, is a hedgehog species native to Europe from Iberia and Italy northwards into Scandinavia and westwards into the British Isles.
See Ireland and European hedgehog
European pine marten
The European pine marten (Martes martes), also known as the pine marten, is a mustelid native to and widespread in most of Europe, Asia Minor, the Caucasus and parts of Iran, Iraq and Syria.
See Ireland and European pine marten
European Rugby Champions Cup
The European Rugby Champions Cup (known as the Investec Champions Cup for sponsorship reasons) is an annual rugby union tournament organised by European Professional Club Rugby (EPCR).
See Ireland and European Rugby Champions Cup
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe.
See Ireland and European Union
Eurostat
Eurostat ('European Statistical Office'; DG ESTAT) is a Directorate-General of the European Commission located in the Kirchberg quarter of Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
Evergreen
In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional throughout the year.
Fall of the Western Roman Empire
The fall of the Western Roman Empire, also called the fall of the Roman Empire or the fall of Rome, was the loss of central political control in the Western Roman Empire, a process in which the Empire failed to enforce its rule, and its vast territory was divided between several successor polities.
See Ireland and Fall of the Western Roman Empire
Fermat number
In mathematics, a Fermat number, named after Pierre de Fermat, the first known to have studied them, is a positive integer of the form:F_.
Ferriter's Cove
Ferriter's Cove (Cuan an Chaoil) is a small bay located at the westernmost point of Dingle Peninsula, in County Kerry, Ireland.
See Ireland and Ferriter's Cove
Field hockey
Field hockey (or simply hockey) is a team sport structured in standard hockey format, in which each team plays with 11 players in total, made up of 10 field players and a goalkeeper.
Field system
The study of field systems (collections of fields) in landscape history is concerned with the size, shape and orientation of a number of fields.
FIFA
The Fédération Internationale de Football Association, more commonly known by its acronym FIFA, is the international self-regulatory governing body of association football, beach soccer, and futsal.
See Ireland and FIFA
FIFA World Cup
The FIFA World Cup, often called the World Cup, is an international association football competition among the senior men's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body.
See Ireland and FIFA World Cup
Fir Bolg
In medieval Irish myth, the Fir Bolg (also spelt Firbolg and Fir Bholg) are the fourth group of people to settle in Ireland.
First Dáil
The First Dáil (An Chéad Dáil) was Dáil Éireann as it convened from 1919 to 1921.
First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland
The First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland are the joint heads of government of Northern Ireland, leading the Northern Ireland Executive and with overall responsibility for the running of the Executive Office.
See Ireland and First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland
Flemish people
Flemish people or Flemings (Vlamingen) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Flanders, Belgium, who speak Flemish Dutch.
See Ireland and Flemish people
Flight of the Earls
The Flight of the Earls (Imeacht na nIarlaí) took place in September 1607, when Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, and Rory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell, and about ninety followers, left Ulster in Ireland for mainland Europe.
See Ireland and Flight of the Earls
Folk music
Folk music is a music genre that includes traditional folk music and the contemporary genre that evolved from the former during the 20th-century folk revival.
The Football Association of Ireland (FAI; Cumann Peile na hÉireann) is the governing body for association football in the Republic of Ireland.
See Ireland and Football Association of Ireland
Fortúatha
The Fortúatha were "kingdoms not ruled directly by members of the dominant dynasty of a province".
Four Courts Press
Four Courts Press is an independent Irish academic publishing house, with its office at Malpas Street, Dublin 8, Ireland.
See Ireland and Four Courts Press
Foynes
Foynes is a town and major port in County Limerick in the midwest of Ireland, located at the edge of hilly land on the southern bank of the Shannon Estuary.
Francia
The Kingdom of the Franks (Regnum Francorum), also known as the Frankish Kingdom, the Frankish Empire (Imperium Francorum) or Francia, was the largest post-Roman barbarian kingdom in Western Europe.
Francis Ysidro Edgeworth
Francis Ysidro Edgeworth (8 February 1845 – 13 February 1926) was an Anglo-Irish philosopher and political economist who made significant contributions to the methods of statistics during the 1880s.
See Ireland and Francis Ysidro Edgeworth
Fraxinus excelsior
Fraxinus excelsior, known as the ash, or European ash or common ash to distinguish it from other types of ash, is a flowering plant species in the olive family Oleaceae.
See Ireland and Fraxinus excelsior
Fred Daly (golfer)
Frederick J. Daly, MBE (11 October 1911 – 18 November 1990) was a Northern Irish professional golfer, best known for winning The Open Championship in 1947 at the Royal Liverpool Golf Club, Hoylake.
See Ireland and Fred Daly (golfer)
Gaelic Athletic Association
The Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA; Cumann Lúthchleas Gael; CLG) is an Irish international amateur sporting and cultural organisation, focused primarily on promoting indigenous Gaelic games and pastimes, which include the traditional Irish sports of hurling, camogie, Gaelic football, Gaelic handball, and rounders.
See Ireland and Gaelic Athletic Association
Gaelic football (Peil Ghaelach; short name Peil), commonly known as simply Gaelic, GAA or football, is an Irish team sport.
See Ireland and Gaelic football
Gaelic games
Gaelic games (Cluichí Gaelacha) are a set of sports played worldwide, though they are particularly popular in Ireland, where they originated.
Gaelic handball
Gaelic handball (known in Ireland simply as handball; liathróid láimhe) is a sport where players hit a ball with a hand or fist against a wall in such a way as to make a shot the opposition cannot return, and that may be played with two (singles) or four players (doubles).
See Ireland and Gaelic handball
Gaelic Ireland
Gaelic Ireland (Éire Ghaelach) or Ancient Ireland was the Gaelic political and social order, and associated culture, that existed in Ireland from the late prehistoric era until the 17th century.
See Ireland and Gaelic Ireland
Gaelic revival
The Gaelic revival (Athbheochan na Gaeilge) was the late-nineteenth-century national revival of interest in the Irish language (also known as Gaelic) and Irish Gaelic culture (including folklore, mythology, sports, music, arts, etc.). Irish had diminished as a spoken tongue, remaining the main daily language only in isolated rural areas, with English having become the dominant language in the majority of Ireland.
See Ireland and Gaelic revival
Gaelicisation
Gaelicisation, or Gaelicization, is the act or process of making something Gaelic, or gaining characteristics of the Gaels, a sub-branch of celticisation.
Gaels
The Gaels (Na Gaeil; Na Gàidheil; Ny Gaeil) are an ethnolinguistic group native to Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man.
Gaelscoil
A Gaelscoil (plural: Gaelscoileanna) is an Irish language-medium school in Ireland: the term refers especially to Irish-medium schools outside the Irish-speaking regions or Gaeltacht.
Gaeltacht
A Gaeltacht (Gaeltachtaí) is a district of Ireland, either individually or collectively, where the Irish government recognises that the Irish language is the predominant vernacular, or language of the home.
Gailenga
Gailenga was the name of two related peoples and kingdoms found in medieval Ireland in Brega and Connacht.
Galvanization
Galvanization or galvanizing (also spelled galvanisation or galvanising) is the process of applying a protective zinc coating to steel or iron, to prevent rusting.
Galway
Galway (Gaillimh) is a city in (and the county town of) County Galway.
Gamanraige
The Gamanraige were the main branch of the Fir Ol nEchmacht, a people who ruled much of Ireland west of the Shannon in the pre-historic era.
Garda Síochána
The italic (meaning "the Guardian(s) of the Peace") is the national police and security service of Ireland.
See Ireland and Garda Síochána
Geography (Ptolemy)
The Geography (Γεωγραφικὴ Ὑφήγησις,, "Geographical Guidance"), also known by its Latin names as the Geographia and the Cosmographia, is a gazetteer, an atlas, and a treatise on cartography, compiling the geographical knowledge of the 2nd-century Roman Empire.
See Ireland and Geography (Ptolemy)
Geography of Ireland
:Ireland is an island in Northern Europe in the north Atlantic Ocean.
See Ireland and Geography of Ireland
Geologic province
A geologic province is a spatial entity with common geologic attributes.
See Ireland and Geologic province
George Bernard Shaw
George Bernard Shaw (26 July 1856 – 2 November 1950), known at his insistence as Bernard Shaw, was an Irish playwright, critic, polemicist and political activist.
See Ireland and George Bernard Shaw
George Frideric Handel
George Frideric (or Frederick) Handel (baptised italic,; 23 February 1685 – 14 April 1759) was a German-British Baroque composer well known for his operas, oratorios, anthems, concerti grossi, and organ concertos.
See Ireland and George Frideric Handel
George III
George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 173829 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 25 October 1760 until his death in 1820.
George IV
George IV (George Augustus Frederick; 12 August 1762 – 26 June 1830) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from 29 January 1820 until his death in 1830.
George Johnstone Stoney
George Johnstone Stoney (15 February 1826 – 5 July 1911) was an Irish physicist.
See Ireland and George Johnstone Stoney
Georgian architecture
Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830.
See Ireland and Georgian architecture
Gerrymandering
In representative electoral systems, gerrymandering (originally) is the political manipulation of electoral district boundaries with the intent to create undue advantage for a party, group, or socioeconomic class within the constituency.
See Ireland and Gerrymandering
Giant's Causeway
The Giant's Causeway (Clochán an Aifir.) is an area of about 40,000 interlocking basalt columns, the result of an ancient volcanic fissure eruption.
See Ireland and Giant's Causeway
Gillian O'Sullivan
Gillian O'Sullivan (born 21 August 1976 in Killarney) is an Irish race walker.
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Giovanni Battista Rinuccini
Giovanni Battista Rinuccini (1592–1653) was an Italian Roman Catholic archbishop in the mid-seventeenth century.
See Ireland and Giovanni Battista Rinuccini
Glendalough
Glendalough is a glacial valley in County Wicklow, Ireland, renowned for an Early Medieval monastic settlement founded in the 6th century by St Kevin.
Glenveagh Castle
Glenveagh Castle (Caisleán Ghleann Bheatha) is a large castellated mansion located in Glenveagh National Park, County Donegal, Ireland and was built in about 1870.
See Ireland and Glenveagh Castle
Global Innovation Index
The Global Innovation Index is an annual ranking of countries by their capacity for, and success in, innovation, published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
See Ireland and Global Innovation Index
Gofraidh Fionn Ó Dálaigh
Gofraidh Fionn Ó Dálaigh (died 1387), of Duhallow, County Cork, was an Irish poet and Chief Ollamh of Ireland.
See Ireland and Gofraidh Fionn Ó Dálaigh
Golden eagle
The golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) is a bird of prey living in the Northern Hemisphere.
Golf
Golf is a club-and-ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit a ball into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible.
See Ireland and Golf
Good Friday Agreement
The Good Friday Agreement (GFA) or Belfast Agreement (Comhaontú Aoine an Chéasta or Comhaontú Bhéal Feirste; Guid Friday Greeance or Bilfawst Greeance) is a pair of agreements signed on 10 April (Good Friday) 1998 that ended most of the violence of the Troubles, an ethno-nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland since the late 1960s.
See Ireland and Good Friday Agreement
Gormanston, County Meath
Gormanston is a village in County Meath, Ireland.
See Ireland and Gormanston, County Meath
Gothic Revival architecture
Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic or neo-Gothic) is an architectural movement that after a gradual build-up beginning in the second half of the 17th century became a widespread movement in the first half of the 19th century, mostly in England.
See Ireland and Gothic Revival architecture
Government of Ireland
The Constitution of Ireland vests executive authority in the Government of Ireland (Rialtas na hÉireann), which is headed by the italic, the head of government.
See Ireland and Government of Ireland
Government of Ireland Act 1914
The Government of Ireland Act 1914 (4 & 5 Geo. 5. c. 90), also known as the Home Rule Act, and before enactment as the Third Home Rule Bill, was an Act passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom intended to provide home rule (self-government within the United Kingdom) for Ireland.
See Ireland and Government of Ireland Act 1914
Government of Ireland Act 1920
The Government of Ireland Act 1920 was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
See Ireland and Government of Ireland Act 1920
Government of the United Kingdom
The Government of the United Kingdom (formally His Majesty's Government, abbreviated to HM Government) is the central executive authority of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
See Ireland and Government of the United Kingdom
Gowran
Gowran is a town located on the eastern side of County Kilkenny, Ireland.
Graeme McDowell
Graeme McDowell (born 30 July 1979) is a professional golfer from Northern Ireland.
See Ireland and Graeme McDowell
Grand Slam (rugby union)
In rugby union, a Grand Slam occurs when one team in the Six Nations Championship (or its Five Nations predecessor) beats all the others during one year's competition.
See Ireland and Grand Slam (rugby union)
Great auk
The great auk (Pinguinus impennis) is a species of flightless alcid that became extinct in the mid-19th century.
Great Britain
Great Britain (commonly shortened to Britain) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-west coast of continental Europe, consisting of the countries England, Scotland and Wales. Ireland and Great Britain are British Isles.
Great Charter of Ireland
(or the Great Charter of Ireland) is an issue of the English Magna Carta (or Great Charter of Liberties) in Ireland.
See Ireland and Great Charter of Ireland
Great Famine (Ireland)
The Great Famine, also known as the Great Hunger (an Gorta Mór), the Famine and the Irish Potato Famine, was a period of starvation and disease in Ireland lasting from 1845 to 1852 that constituted a historical social crisis and subsequently had a major impact on Irish society and history as a whole.
See Ireland and Great Famine (Ireland)
Greater Dublin Area
The Greater Dublin Area (GDA; Irish: Mórcheantar Bhaile Átha Cliath), or simply Greater Dublin, is an informal term that is taken to include the city of Dublin and its hinterland, with varying definitions as to its extent.
See Ireland and Greater Dublin Area
Greco-Roman world
The Greco-Roman civilization (also Greco-Roman culture or Greco-Latin culture; spelled Graeco-Roman in the Commonwealth), as understood by modern scholars and writers, includes the geographical regions and countries that culturally—and so historically—were directly and intimately influenced by the language, culture, government and religion of the Greeks and Romans.
See Ireland and Greco-Roman world
Greenwich Mean Time
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is the local mean time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London, counted from midnight.
See Ireland and Greenwich Mean Time
Gregorian chant
Gregorian chant is the central tradition of Western plainchant, a form of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred song in Latin (and occasionally Greek) of the Roman Catholic Church.
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Greyhound racing
Greyhound racing is an organized, competitive sport in which greyhounds are raced around a track.
See Ireland and Greyhound racing
Gross domestic product
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and rendered in a specific time period by a country or countries.
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Guinness
Guinness is a stout that originated in the brewery of Arthur Guinness at St. James's Gate, Dublin, Ireland, in the 18th century.
Guinness Storehouse
Guinness Storehouse is a tourist attraction at St. James's Gate Brewery in Dublin, Ireland.
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Gulliver's Travels
Gulliver's Travels, or Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World.
See Ireland and Gulliver's Travels
Hallstatt culture
The Hallstatt culture was the predominant Western and Central European archaeological culture of the Late Bronze Age (Hallstatt A, Hallstatt B) from the 12th to 8th centuries BC and Early Iron Age Europe (Hallstatt C, Hallstatt D) from the 8th to 6th centuries BC, developing out of the Urnfield culture of the 12th century BC (Late Bronze Age) and followed in much of its area by the La Tène culture.
See Ireland and Hallstatt culture
Hamiltonian mechanics
In physics, Hamiltonian mechanics is a reformulation of Lagrangian mechanics that emerged in 1833.
See Ireland and Hamiltonian mechanics
Heating oil
Heating oil is any petroleum product or other oil used for heating; it is a fuel oil.
Henry II of England
Henry II, also known as Henry Fitzempress and Henry Curtmantle, was King of England from 1154 until his death in 1189.
See Ireland and Henry II of England
Henry VIII
Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547.
Hibernia
Hibernia is the Classical Latin name for Ireland.
Hiberno-English
Hiberno-English or Irish English (IrE), also formerly sometimes called Anglo-Irish, is the set of English dialects native to Ireland, here including the whole island: both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.
See Ireland and Hiberno-English
Hiberno-Scottish mission
The Hiberno-Scottish mission was a series of expeditions in the 6th and 7th centuries by Gaelic missionaries originating from Ireland that spread Celtic Christianity in Scotland, Wales, England and Merovingian France.
See Ireland and Hiberno-Scottish mission
High King of Ireland
High King of Ireland (Ardrí na hÉireann) was a royal title in Gaelic Ireland held by those who had, or who are claimed to have had, lordship over all of Ireland.
See Ireland and High King of Ireland
High-voltage direct current
A high-voltage direct current (HVDC) electric power transmission system uses direct current (DC) for electric power transmission, in contrast with the more common alternating current (AC) transmission systems.
See Ireland and High-voltage direct current
Hill of Tara
The Hill of Tara (Teamhair or Cnoc na Teamhrach) is a hill and ancient ceremonial and burial site near Skryne in County Meath, Ireland.
Historical population of Ireland
The population of Ireland in 2021 was approximately seven million with 1,903,100 in Northern Ireland and 5,123,536 in the Republic of Ireland.
See Ireland and Historical population of Ireland
History of Anglo-Saxon England
Anglo-Saxon England or Early Medieval England, existing from the 5th to the 11th centuries from soon after the end of Roman Britain until the Norman Conquest in 1066, consisted of various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms until 927, when it was united as the Kingdom of England by King Æthelstan (r. 927–939).
See Ireland and History of Anglo-Saxon England
History of the Jews in Ireland
The history of the Jews in Ireland extends for more than a millennium.
See Ireland and History of the Jews in Ireland
Holy Cross Abbey
Holy Cross Abbey (Mainistir na Croise Naofa) was a Cistercian monastery in Holycross near Thurles, County Tipperary, Ireland, situated on the River Suir.
See Ireland and Holy Cross Abbey
Home Nations
Home Nations is a collective term in sport, usually referring to England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.
Horse racing
Horse racing is an equestrian performance activity, typically involving two or more horses ridden by jockeys (or sometimes driven without riders) over a set distance for competition.
Horslips
Horslips are an Irish Celtic rock band that compose, arrange and perform songs frequently inspired by traditional Irish airs, jigs and reels.
House of Commons of the United Kingdom
The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
See Ireland and House of Commons of the United Kingdom
House of Tudor
The House of Tudor was an English and Welsh dynasty that held the throne of England from 1485 to 1603.
See Ireland and House of Tudor
Human Development Index
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical composite index of life expectancy, education (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the education system), and per capita income indicators, which is used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.
See Ireland and Human Development Index
Hurling
Hurling (iománaíocht, iomáint) is an outdoor team game of ancient Gaelic Irish origin, played by men.
Hydrocarbon exploration
Hydrocarbon exploration (or oil and gas exploration) is the search by petroleum geologists and geophysicists for deposits of hydrocarbons, particularly petroleum and natural gas, in the Earth's crust using petroleum geology.
See Ireland and Hydrocarbon exploration
Ice bridge
An ice bridge is a frozen natural structure formed over seas, bays, rivers or lake surfaces.
IDA Ireland
IDA Ireland (An Ghníomhaireacht Forbartha Tionscail) is the agency responsible for the attraction and retention of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) into Ireland.
Igneous intrusion
In geology, an igneous intrusion (or intrusive body or simply intrusion) is a body of intrusive igneous rock that forms by crystallization of magma slowly cooling below the surface of the Earth.
See Ireland and Igneous intrusion
Ilex aquifolium
Ilex aquifolium, the holly, common holly, English holly, European holly, or occasionally Christmas holly, is a species of flowering plant in the family Aquifoliaceae, native to western and southern Europe, northwest Africa, and southwest Asia.
See Ireland and Ilex aquifolium
Illuminated manuscript
An illuminated manuscript is a formally prepared document where the text is decorated with flourishes such as borders and miniature illustrations.
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Immigration to the United States
Immigration to the United States has been a major source of population growth and cultural change throughout much of its history.
See Ireland and Immigration to the United States
Indentured servitude
Indentured servitude is a form of labor in which a person is contracted to work without salary for a specific number of years.
See Ireland and Indentured servitude
Independent International Commission on Decommissioning
The Independent International Commission on Decommissioning (IICD) was established to oversee the decommissioning of paramilitary weapons in Northern Ireland, as part of the peace process.
See Ireland and Independent International Commission on Decommissioning
Independent scientist
An independent scientist (historically also known as gentleman scientist) is a financially independent scientist who pursues scientific study without direct affiliation to a public institution such as a university or government-run research and development body.
See Ireland and Independent scientist
Indo-European languages
The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the overwhelming majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent.
See Ireland and Indo-European languages
Induction coil
An induction coil or "spark coil" (archaically known as an inductorium or Ruhmkorff coil after Heinrich Rühmkorff) is a type of electrical transformer used to produce high-voltage pulses from a low-voltage direct current (DC) supply.
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Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution, sometimes divided into the First Industrial Revolution and Second Industrial Revolution, was a period of global transition of the human economy towards more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes that succeeded the Agricultural Revolution.
See Ireland and Industrial Revolution
Interlace (art)
In the visual arts, interlace is a decorative element found in medieval art.
See Ireland and Interlace (art)
InterTradeIreland
The Trade and Business Development Body (An Comhlacht Forbartha Trádála agus Gnó; Ulster-Scots: Tha Mercat an Dalin Fordèrin Convenerie), trading as InterTradeIreland, (Irish: IdirThrádáilÉireann; Ulster-Scots: NifferinMercatAirlann) is one of the six all-island bodies set up following the Belfast Agreement reporting to the North/South Ministerial Council.
See Ireland and InterTradeIreland
Iona
Iona (Ì Chaluim Chille, sometimes simply Ì) is an island in the Inner Hebrides, off the Ross of Mull on the western coast of Scotland.
See Ireland and Iona
Ireland and World War I
During World War I (1914–1918), Ireland was part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which entered the war in August 1914 as one of the Entente Powers, along with France and Russia.
See Ireland and Ireland and World War I
Ireland national rugby union team
The Ireland national rugby union team (Foireann rugbaí náisiúnta na hÉireann) is the men's representative national team for the island of Ireland in rugby union.
See Ireland and Ireland national rugby union team
Irish Athletic Boxing Association
The Irish Athletic Boxing Association Ltd. (IABA) is the national governing body for amateur boxing on the island of Ireland, developing and controlling the sport.
See Ireland and Irish Athletic Boxing Association
Irish Citizen Army
The Irish Citizen Army, or ICA, was a small paramilitary group of trained trade union volunteers from the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union (ITGWU) established in Dublin for the defence of workers' demonstrations from the Dublin Metropolitan Police.
See Ireland and Irish Citizen Army
Irish Civil War
The Irish Civil War (Cogadh Cathartha na hÉireann; 28 June 1922 – 24 May 1923) was a conflict that followed the Irish War of Independence and accompanied the establishment of the Irish Free State, an entity independent from the United Kingdom but within the British Empire.
See Ireland and Irish Civil War
Irish coffee
Irish coffee (caife Gaelach) is a caffeinated alcoholic drink consisting of Irish whiskey, hot coffee and sugar, which has been stirred and topped with cream (sometimes cream liqueur).
Irish cream
Irish cream is a cream liqueur based on Irish whiskey, cream and other flavourings.
Irish Cup
The Irish Football Association Challenge Cup, commonly referred to as the Irish Cup (currently known as the Clearer Water Irish Cup for sponsorship purposes) is the primary football knock-out cup competition in Northern Ireland.
Irish dance
Irish dance refers to the traditional dance forms that originate in Ireland, including both solo and group dance forms, for social, competitive, and performance purposes.
Irish diaspora
The Irish diaspora (Diaspóra na nGael) refers to ethnic Irish people and their descendants who live outside the island of Ireland.
See Ireland and Irish diaspora
Irish elk
The Irish elk (Megaloceros giganteus), also called the giant deer or Irish deer, is an extinct species of deer in the genus Megaloceros and is one of the largest deer that ever lived.
Irish Examiner
The Irish Examiner, formerly The Cork Examiner and then The Examiner, is an Irish national daily newspaper which primarily circulates in the Munster region surrounding its base in Cork, though it is available throughout the country.
See Ireland and Irish Examiner
Irish Famine (1740–1741)
The Irish Famine of 1740–1741 (Bliain an Áir, meaning the Year of Slaughter) in the Kingdom of Ireland, is estimated to have killed between 13% and 20% of the 1740 population of 2.4 million people, which was a proportionately greater loss than during the Great Famine of 1845–1852.
See Ireland and Irish Famine (1740–1741)
The Irish Football Association (IFA) is the governing body for association football in Northern Ireland.
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Irish Free State
The Irish Free State (6 December 192229 December 1937), also known by its Irish name i, was a state established in December 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 1921.
See Ireland and Irish Free State
Irish Home Rule movement
The Home Rule movement was a movement that campaigned for self-government (or "home rule") for Ireland within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
See Ireland and Irish Home Rule movement
Irish Independent
The Irish Independent is an Irish daily newspaper and online publication which is owned by Independent News & Media (INM), a subsidiary of Mediahuis.
See Ireland and Irish Independent
Irish language
Irish (Standard Irish: Gaeilge), also known as Irish Gaelic or simply Gaelic, is a Goidelic language of the Insular Celtic branch of the Celtic language group, which is a part of the Indo-European language family.
See Ireland and Irish language
Irish literature
Irish literature is literature written in the Irish, Latin, English and Scots (Ulster Scots) languages on the island of Ireland.
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Irish mythology
Irish mythology is the body of myths indigenous to the island of Ireland.
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Irish nationalism
Irish nationalism is a nationalist political movement which, in its broadest sense, asserts that the people of Ireland should govern Ireland as a sovereign state.
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Irish neutrality
Ireland is one of four members of the European Union that are not members of NATO.
See Ireland and Irish neutrality
Irish neutrality during World War II
The policy of neutrality was adopted by Ireland's Oireachtas at the instigation of the Taoiseach Éamon de Valera upon the outbreak of World War II in Europe.
See Ireland and Irish neutrality during World War II
Irish pub
In Ireland, a "pub" is an establishment licensed to serve alcoholic drinks for consumption on the premises.
Irish Rebellion
Irish Rebellion may refer to.
See Ireland and Irish Rebellion
Irish Rebellion of 1798
The Irish Rebellion of 1798 (Éirí Amach 1798; Ulster-Scots: The Hurries, 1798 Rebellion) was a popular insurrection against the British Crown in what was then the separate, but subordinate, Kingdom of Ireland.
See Ireland and Irish Rebellion of 1798
Irish rebellion of 1803
The Irish rebellion of 1803 was an attempt by Irish republicans to seize the seat of the British government in Ireland, Dublin Castle, and trigger a nationwide insurrection.
See Ireland and Irish rebellion of 1803
Irish Republic
The Irish Republic (Poblacht na hÉireann or Saorstát Éireann) was an unrecognised revolutionary state that declared its independence from the United Kingdom in January 1919.
See Ireland and Irish Republic
Irish Republic (1798)
The Irish Republic of 1798, more commonly known as the Republic of Connacht, was a short-lived state proclaimed during the Irish Rebellion of 1798 that resulted from the French Revolutionary Wars.
See Ireland and Irish Republic (1798)
Irish Republican Army
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) is a name used by various resistance organisations in Ireland throughout the 20th and 21st centuries.
See Ireland and Irish Republican Army
Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) of 1922–1969 was a sub-group of the original pre-1922 Irish Republican Army, characterised by its opposition to the Anglo-Irish Treaty.
See Ireland and Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)
Irish republicanism
Irish republicanism (poblachtánachas Éireannach) is the political movement for an Irish republic, void of any British rule.
See Ireland and Irish republicanism
The Irish Rugby Football Union (IRFU) (Cumann Rugbaí na hÉireann) is the body managing rugby union in the island of Ireland (both Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland).
See Ireland and Irish Rugby Football Union
Irish Sea
The Irish Sea is a body of water that separates the islands of Ireland and Great Britain.
Irish Sign Language
Irish Sign Language (ISL, Teanga Chomharthaíochta na hÉireann) is the sign language of Ireland, used primarily in the Republic of Ireland.
See Ireland and Irish Sign Language
Irish stew
Irish stew (Stobhach Gaelach) or Stobhach is a stew from Ireland that is traditionally made with root vegetables and lamb or mutton, but also commonly with beef.
Irish traditional music
Irish traditional music (also known as Irish trad, Irish folk music, and other variants) is a genre of folk music that developed in Ireland.
See Ireland and Irish traditional music
Irish Travellers
Irish Travellers (an lucht siúil, meaning the walking people), also known as Pavees or Mincéirs (Shelta: Mincéirí), are a traditionally peripatetic indigenous ethno-cultural group originating in Ireland.
See Ireland and Irish Travellers
Irish Volunteers
The Irish Volunteers (Óglaigh na hÉireann), also known as the Irish Volunteer Force or the Irish Volunteer Army, was a paramilitary organisation established in 1913 by nationalists and republicans in Ireland.
See Ireland and Irish Volunteers
Irish War of Independence
The Irish War of Independence or Anglo-Irish War was a guerrilla war fought in Ireland from 1919 to 1921 between the Irish Republican Army (IRA, the army of the Irish Republic) and British forces: the British Army, along with the quasi-military Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) and its paramilitary forces the Auxiliaries and Ulster Special Constabulary (USC).
See Ireland and Irish War of Independence
Irish whiskey
Irish whiskey (Fuisce or uisce beatha) is whiskey made on the island of Ireland.
Iron Age
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages, after the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age.
Irreligion
Irreligion is the absence or rejection of religious beliefs or practices.
Islam in the Republic of Ireland
The documented history of Islam in the Republic of Ireland dates back to the 1950s.
See Ireland and Islam in the Republic of Ireland
Isle of Man
The Isle of Man (Mannin, also Ellan Vannin) or Mann, is an island country and self-governing British Crown Dependency in the Irish Sea, between Great Britain and Ireland. Ireland and isle of Man are British Isles and celtic nations.
The Italy national football team (Nazionale di calcio dell'Italia) has represented Italy in men's international football since its first match in 1910.
See Ireland and Italy national football team
Iverni
The Iverni (Ἰούερνοι, Iouernoi) were a people of early Ireland first mentioned in Ptolemy's 2nd century Geography as living in the extreme south-west of the island.
Jack Butler Yeats
Jack Butler Yeats RHA (29 August 1871 – 28 March 1957) was an Irish artist and Olympic medalist.
See Ireland and Jack Butler Yeats
Jacobitism
Jacobitism was a political movement that supported the restoration of the senior line of the House of Stuart to the British throne.
James Joyce
James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an Irish novelist, poet and literary critic.
Jewish Virtual Library
The Jewish Virtual Library (JVL, formerly known as JSOURCE) is an online encyclopedia published by the American foreign policy analyst Mitchell Bard's non-profit organization American–Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE).
See Ireland and Jewish Virtual Library
Jocelyn Bell Burnell
Dame Susan Jocelyn Bell Burnell (Bell; born 15 July 1943) is an astrophysicist from Northern Ireland who, as a postgraduate student, discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967.
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John B. Cosgrave
Dr.
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John Butler Yeats
John Butler Yeats (16 March 1839 – 3 February 1922) was an Irish artist and the father of W. B. Yeats, Lily Yeats, Elizabeth Corbett "Lolly" Yeats and Jack Butler Yeats.
See Ireland and John Butler Yeats
John Cockcroft
Sir John Douglas Cockcroft (27 May 1897 – 18 September 1967) was an English physicist who shared with Ernest Walton the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1951 for splitting the atomic nucleus, and was instrumental in the development of nuclear power.
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John Forbes Nash Jr.
John Forbes Nash, Jr. (June 13, 1928 – May 23, 2015), known and published as John Nash, was an American mathematician who made fundamental contributions to game theory, real algebraic geometry, differential geometry, and partial differential equations.
See Ireland and John Forbes Nash Jr.
John Lighton Synge
John Lighton Synge (23 March 1897 – 30 March 1995) was an Irish mathematician and physicist, whose seven-decade career included significant periods in Ireland, Canada, and the USA.
See Ireland and John Lighton Synge
John McGahern
John McGahern (12 November 1934 – 30 March 2006) was an Irish writer and novelist.
John Redmond
John Edward Redmond (1 September 1856 – 6 March 1918) was an Irish nationalist politician, barrister, and MP in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.
John Scotus Eriugena
John Scotus Eriugena, also known as Johannes Scotus Erigena, John the Scot, or John the Irish-born (– c. 877) was an Irish Neoplatonist philosopher, theologian and poet of the Early Middle Ages.
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John Stewart Bell
John Stewart Bell FRS (28 July 1928 – 1 October 1990) was a physicist from Northern Ireland and the originator of Bell's theorem, an important theorem in quantum physics regarding hidden-variable theories.
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John T. Koch
John Thomas Koch is an American academic, historian, and linguist who specializes in Celtic studies, especially prehistory, and the early Middle Ages.
John Tyndall
John Tyndall (2 August 1820 – 4 December 1893) was a prominent 19th-century Irish physicist.
John, King of England
John (24 December 1166 – 19 October 1216) was King of England from 1199 until his death in 1216.
See Ireland and John, King of England
Jonathan Swift
Jonathan Swift (30 November 1667 – 19 October 1745) was an Anglo-Irish satirist, author, essayist, political pamphleteer (first for the Whigs, then for the Tories), poet, and Anglican cleric who became Dean of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, hence his common sobriquet, "Dean Swift".
See Ireland and Jonathan Swift
Joseph Larmor
Sir Joseph Larmor (11 July 1857 – 19 May 1942) was an Irish and British physicist and mathematician who made breakthroughs in the understanding of electricity, dynamics, thermodynamics, and the electron theory of matter.
K Club
The Kildare Hotel and Golf Club (abbreviated The K Club) is a golf and leisure complex located in Straffan, County Kildare, Ireland.
Kale
Kale, also called leaf cabbage, belongs to a group of cabbage (Brassica oleracea) cultivars primarily grown for their edible leaves.
See Ireland and Kale
Karst
Karst is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble carbonate rocks such as limestone, dolomite, and gypsum.
Kathleen Lonsdale
Dame Kathleen Lonsdale (Yardley; 28 January 1903 – 1 April 1971) was a British crystallographer, pacifist, and prison reform activist.
See Ireland and Kathleen Lonsdale
Katie Taylor
Katie Taylor (born 2 July 1986) is an Irish professional boxer and former footballer.
Kelvin
The kelvin, symbol K, is the base unit of measurement for temperature in the International System of Units (SI).
Kevin Abosch
Kevin Abosch (born 1969) is an Irish conceptual artist and pioneer in cryptoart known for his works in photography, blockchain, sculpture, installation, AI and film.
Kilkenny
Kilkenny (meaning 'church of Cainnech').
Killarney National Park
Killarney National Park (Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne), near the town of Killarney, County Kerry, was the first national park in Ireland, created when the Muckross Estate was donated to the Irish Free State in 1932.
See Ireland and Killarney National Park
Kingdom of Breifne
The Kingdom of Breifne or Bréifne, anglicized as Breffny, was a medieval overkingdom in Gaelic Ireland.
See Ireland and Kingdom of Breifne
Kingdom of England
The Kingdom of England was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from 886, when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, until 1 May 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain, which would later become the United Kingdom.
See Ireland and Kingdom of England
Kingdom of Great Britain
The Kingdom of Great Britain was a sovereign state in Western Europe from 1707 to the end of 1800.
See Ireland and Kingdom of Great Britain
Kingdom of Ireland
The Kingdom of Ireland (Ríoghacht Éireann; Ríocht na hÉireann) was a dependent territory of England and then of Great Britain from 1542 to the end of 1800.
See Ireland and Kingdom of Ireland
Kingdom of Meath
Meath (Mí; Mide) was a kingdom in Ireland from the 1st to the 12th century AD.
See Ireland and Kingdom of Meath
Kinsale Head gas field
The Kinsale Head gas field is a depleted offshore natural gas field in the Celtic Sea, located off the southern coast of County Cork, Ireland.
See Ireland and Kinsale Head gas field
Lager
Lager is a type of beer brewed and conditioned at low temperature.
Lahinch
Lahinch or Lehinch is a small town on Liscannor Bay, on the northwest coast of County Clare, Ireland.
Laigin
The Laigin, modern spelling Laighin, were a Gaelic population group of early Ireland.
Lakes of Killarney
The Lakes of Killarney are a scenic attraction located in Killarney National Park near Killarney, County Kerry, in Ireland.
See Ireland and Lakes of Killarney
Land bridge
In biogeography, a land bridge is an isthmus or wider land connection between otherwise separate areas, over which animals and plants are able to cross and colonize new lands.
Land tenure
In common law systems, land tenure, from the French verb "tenir" means "to hold", is the legal regime in which land "owned" by an individual is possessed by someone else who is said to "hold" the land, based on an agreement between both individuals.
Land War
The Land War (Cogadh na Talún) was a period of agrarian agitation in rural Ireland (then wholly part of the United Kingdom) that began in 1879.
Lansdowne Road
Lansdowne Road Stadium (Bóthar Lansdún) was a stadium in Dublin owned by the Irish Rugby Football Union (IRFU) that was primarily used for rugby union and association football matches.
See Ireland and Lansdowne Road
Last Glacial Period
The Last Glacial Period (LGP), also known as the Last glacial cycle, occurred from the end of the Last Interglacial to the beginning of the Holocene, years ago, and thus corresponds to most of the timespan of the Late Pleistocene.
See Ireland and Last Glacial Period
Late Middle Ages
The late Middle Ages or late medieval period was the period of European history lasting from AD 1300 to 1500.
See Ireland and Late Middle Ages
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
Latinisation of names
Latinisation (or Latinization) of names, also known as onomastic Latinisation, is the practice of rendering a non-Latin name in a modern Latin style.
See Ireland and Latinisation of names
Laudabiliter
Laudabiliter was a bull issued in 1155 by Pope Adrian IV, the only Englishman to have served in that office.
Lebor Gabála Érenn
Lebor Gabála Érenn (literally "The Book of the Taking of Ireland"; Modern Irish spelling: Leabhar Gabhála Éireann, known in English as The Book of Invasions) is a collection of poems and prose narratives in the Irish language intended to be a history of Ireland and the Irish from the creation of the world to the Middle Ages.
See Ireland and Lebor Gabála Érenn
Legislation
Legislation is the process or result of enrolling, enacting, or promulgating laws by a legislature, parliament, or analogous governing body.
Leinster
Leinster (Laighin or Cúige Laighean) is one of the four provinces of Ireland, in the southeast of Ireland.
Leinster Rugby
Leinster Rugby (Rugbaí Laighean) is one of the four professional provincial club rugby union teams from the island of Ireland.
See Ireland and Leinster Rugby
Limerick
Limerick (Luimneach) is a city in western Ireland, in County Limerick.
Linen
Linen is a textile made from the fibers of the flax plant.
Lisdoonvarna
Lisdoonvarna is a spa town in County Clare in Ireland.
The All-Ireland Men's Senior Football Championship, the premier competition in Gaelic football, is an annual series of games played in Ireland during the summer and early autumn, and organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA).
See Ireland and List of All-Ireland Senior Football Championship finals
List of European islands by area
This is a list of islands in Europe ordered by area (excluding the Canaries).
See Ireland and List of European islands by area
List of European islands by population
This is a list of islands in Europe ordered by population.
See Ireland and List of European islands by population
List of Irish cheeses
This is a list of cheeses and producers from Ireland.
See Ireland and List of Irish cheeses
List of Irish classical composers
This is a list of composers from Ireland working in the classical (art music) tradition.
See Ireland and List of Irish classical composers
List of islands by area
This list includes all islands in the world larger than.
See Ireland and List of islands by area
List of islands of the British Isles
This article is a list of some of the islands that form the British Isles that have an area of or larger, listing area and population data.
See Ireland and List of islands of the British Isles
List of kings of Leinster
The kings of Leinster (Rí Laighín) ruled from the establishment of Leinster during the Irish Iron Age until the 17th century Early Modern Ireland.
See Ireland and List of kings of Leinster
List of mammals of Ireland
There are 27 mammal species native to Ireland or naturalised in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland before 1500.
See Ireland and List of mammals of Ireland
List of settlements on the island of Ireland by population
This is a list of the 60 largest towns and cities on the island of Ireland by population.
See Ireland and List of settlements on the island of Ireland by population
List of wind farms in the Republic of Ireland
This is a list of wind farms in the Republic of Ireland.
See Ireland and List of wind farms in the Republic of Ireland
Literary modernism
Modernist literature originated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and is characterised by a self-conscious separation from traditional ways of writing in both poetry and prose fiction writing.
See Ireland and Literary modernism
Local extinction
Local extinction, also extirpation, is the termination of a species (or other taxon) in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere.
See Ireland and Local extinction
Local Government Act 2001
The Local Government Act 2001 (No. 37) was enacted by the Oireachtas on 21 July 2001 to reform local government in the Republic of Ireland.
See Ireland and Local Government Act 2001
Local government in Northern Ireland
Local government in Northern Ireland is divided among 11 single-tier districts known as 'Local Government Districts' (abbreviated LGDs) and formerly known as district council areas (DCAs).
See Ireland and Local government in Northern Ireland
Longford
Longford is the county town of County Longford in Ireland.
Lord Kelvin
William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, (26 June 182417 December 1907) was a British mathematician, mathematical physicist and engineer born in Belfast.
Lordship of Ireland
The Lordship of Ireland (Tiarnas na hÉireann), sometimes referred to retrospectively as Anglo-Norman Ireland, was the part of Ireland ruled by the King of England (styled as "Lord of Ireland") and controlled by loyal Anglo-Norman Lords between 1177 and 1542.
See Ireland and Lordship of Ireland
Loughshinny
Loughshinny is a small coastal village in northern County Dublin, Ireland, between Skerries and Rush.
Louis le Brocquy
Louis le Brocquy HRHA (10 November 1916 – 25 April 2012) was an Irish painter born in Dublin to Albert and Sybil le Brocquy.
See Ireland and Louis le Brocquy
Lurgan
Lurgan is a town in County Armagh, Northern Ireland, near the southern shore of Lough Neagh and roughly southwest of Belfast.
Maasai people
The Maasai (Wamasai) are a Nilotic ethnic group inhabiting northern, central and southern Kenya and northern Tanzania, near the African Great Lakes region.
MacGillycuddy's Reeks
MacGillycuddy's Reeks is a sandstone and siltstone mountain range in the Iveragh Peninsula in County Kerry, Ireland.
See Ireland and MacGillycuddy's Reeks
Magna Carta
(Medieval Latin for "Great Charter of Freedoms"), commonly called Magna Carta or sometimes Magna Charta ("Great Charter"), is a royal charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215.
Magners
Magners Irish Cider is a brand of cider produced in County Tipperary in Ireland by the C&C Group.
Mairtine
The Mairtine (Martini, Marthene, Muirtine, Maidirdine, Mhairtine) were an important people of late prehistoric Munster, Ireland who by early historical times appear to have completely vanished from the Irish political landscape.
Malin Head
Malin Head (Cionn Mhálanna) is the most northerly point of mainland Ireland, located in the townland of Ardmalin on the Inishowen peninsula in County Donegal.
Manchester University Press
Manchester University Press is the university press of the University of Manchester, England and a publisher of academic books and journals.
See Ireland and Manchester University Press
Manx language
Manx (Gaelg or Gailck, or), also known as Manx Gaelic, is a Gaelic language of the insular Celtic branch of the Celtic language family, itself a branch of the Indo-European language family.
Martin McGuinness
James Martin Pacelli McGuinness (Séamus Máirtín Pacelli Mag Aonghusa; 23 May 1950 – 21 March 2017) was an Irish republican politician and statesman for Sinn Féin and a leader within the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) during The Troubles.
See Ireland and Martin McGuinness
Mary II
Mary II (30 April 166228 December 1694) was Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland, co-reigning with her husband, King William III and II, from 1689 until her death in 1694.
Mashed potato
Mashed potato or mashed potatoes (American, Canadian and Australian English), colloquially known as mash (British English), is a dish made by mashing boiled or steamed potatoes, usually with added milk, butter, salt and pepper.
Máire Mhac an tSaoi
Máire Mhac an tSaoi (4 April 1922 – 16 October 2021) was an Irish civil service diplomat, writer of Modernist poetry in the Corca Dhuibhne dialect of Munster Irish, a memoirist, and a highly important figure within modern literature in Irish.
See Ireland and Máire Mhac an tSaoi
Máirtín Ó Cadhain
Máirtín Ó Cadhain (20 January 1906 – 18 October 1970) was one of the most prominent Irish language writers of the twentieth century.
See Ireland and Máirtín Ó Cadhain
Máirtín Ó Direáin
Máirtín Ó Direáin (29 November 1910 – 19 March 1988) was an Irish poet from the Aran Islands Gaeltacht.
See Ireland and Máirtín Ó Direáin
Múscraige
The Múscraighe (older spelling: Músgraige) were an important Érainn people of Munster, descending from Cairpre Músc, son of Conaire Cóem, a High King of Ireland.
Medieval Academy of America
The Medieval Academy of America (MAA; spelled Mediaeval until) is the largest organization in the United States promoting the field of medieval studies.
See Ireland and Medieval Academy of America
Mesolithic
The Mesolithic (Greek: μέσος, mesos 'middle' + λίθος, lithos 'stone') or Middle Stone Age is the Old World archaeological period between the Upper Paleolithic and the Neolithic.
Messiah (Handel)
Messiah (HWV 56) is an English-language oratorio composed in 1741 by George Frideric Handel.
See Ireland and Messiah (Handel)
Met Éireann
Met Éireann (meaning "Met of Ireland") is the state meteorological service of Ireland, part of the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage.
Metalworking is the process of shaping and reshaping metals in order to create useful objects, parts, assemblies, and large scale structures.
Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rock to new types of rock in a process called metamorphism.
See Ireland and Metamorphic rock
Michael Carruth
Michael Carruth (born 9 July 1967) is a southpaw Irish Olympic boxer from Dublin.
See Ireland and Michael Carruth
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
Middle Irish
Middle Irish, also called Middle Gaelic (An Mheán-Ghaeilge, Meadhan-Ghàidhlig), is the Goidelic language which was spoken in Ireland, most of Scotland and the Isle of Man from AD; it is therefore a contemporary of late Old English and early Middle English.
Milesians (Irish)
The Milesians or sons of Míl are the final race to settle in Ireland, according to the Lebor Gabála Érenn, a medieval Irish Christian history.
See Ireland and Milesians (Irish)
Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and mDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
See Ireland and Mitochondrial DNA
Monarchy of Ireland
Monarchical systems of government have existed in Ireland from ancient times.
See Ireland and Monarchy of Ireland
Monarchy of the United Kingdom
The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the form of government used by the United Kingdom by which a hereditary monarch reigns as the head of state, with their powers regulated by the British Constitution.
See Ireland and Monarchy of the United Kingdom
Motorsport
Motorsport(s) or motor sport(s) are sporting events, competitions and related activities that primarily involve the use of automobiles, motorcycles, motorboats and powered aircraft.
Mount Erebus
Mount Erebus is the second-highest volcano in Antarctica (after Mount Sidley), the highest active volcano in Antarctica, and the southernmost active volcano on Earth.
Mount Stewart
Mount Stewart is a 19th-century house and garden in County Down, Northern Ireland, owned by the National Trust.
Mountain hare
The mountain hare (Lepus timidus), also known as blue hare, tundra hare, variable hare, white hare, snow hare, alpine hare, and Irish hare, is a species of Palearctic hare that is largely adapted to polar and mountainous habitats.
Multiracial people
The terms multiracial people or mixed-race people refer to people who are of more than two ''races'', and the terms multi-ethnic people or ethnically mixed people refer to people who are of more than two ethnicities.
See Ireland and Multiracial people
Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840
The Municipal Corporations Act (Ireland) 1840 (3 & 4 Vict. c. 108), An Act for the Regulation of Municipal Corporations in Ireland, was passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom on 10 August 1840.
See Ireland and Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840
Munster
Munster (an Mhumhain or Cúige Mumhan) is one of the four provinces of Ireland, located in the south of the island.
Munster Rugby
Munster Rugby (Rugbaí Mumhan) is one of the professional provincial rugby teams from the island of Ireland.
Music of Ireland
Irish music is music that has been created in various genres on the island of Ireland.
See Ireland and Music of Ireland
Mussel
Mussel is the common name used for members of several families of bivalve molluscs, from saltwater and freshwater habitats.
Names of the British Isles
The toponym "British Isles" refers to a European archipelago comprising Great Britain, Ireland and the smaller, adjacent islands.
See Ireland and Names of the British Isles
Names of the Irish state
According to the Constitution of Ireland, the names of the Irish state are Ireland (English) and Éire (Irish).
See Ireland and Names of the Irish state
National Geographic
National Geographic (formerly The National Geographic Magazine, sometimes branded as NAT GEO) is an American monthly magazine published by National Geographic Partners.
See Ireland and National Geographic
National monument (Ireland)
A national monument in the Republic of Ireland is a structure or site, the preservation of which has been deemed to be of national importance and therefore worthy of state protection.
See Ireland and National monument (Ireland)
National Trust
The National Trust (Ymddiriedolaeth Genedlaethol; Iontaobhas Náisiúnta) is a heritage and nature conservation charity and membership organisation in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
See Ireland and National Trust
National Volunteers
The National Volunteers was the name taken by the majority of the Irish Volunteers that sided with Irish Parliamentary Party leader John Redmond after the movement split over the question of the Volunteers' role in World War I.
See Ireland and National Volunteers
Navan
Navan (meaning "the Cave") is the county town and largest town of County Meath, Ireland.
Neoclassical architecture
Neoclassical architecture, sometimes referred to as Classical Revival architecture, is an architectural style produced by the Neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century in Italy, France and Germany.
See Ireland and Neoclassical architecture
Neolithic Europe
The European Neolithic is the period from the arrival of Neolithic (New Stone Age) technology and the associated population of Early European Farmers in Europe, (the approximate time of the first farming societies in Greece) until –1700 BC (the beginning of Bronze Age Europe with the Nordic Bronze Age).
See Ireland and Neolithic Europe
Newgrange
Newgrange (Sí an Bhrú) is a prehistoric monument in County Meath in Ireland, located on a rise overlooking the River Boyne, west of the town of Drogheda.
Newtownabbey
Newtownabbey is a large settlement north of Belfast city centre in County Antrim, Northern Ireland.
Nicholas Callan
Nicholas Joseph Callan (22 December 1799 – 10 January 1864) was an Irish physicist and Catholic priest.
See Ireland and Nicholas Callan
Nine Years' War (Ireland)
The Nine Years' War, sometimes called Tyrone's Rebellion, took place in Ireland from 1593 to 1603.
See Ireland and Nine Years' War (Ireland)
Nobel Prize in Literature
The Nobel Prize in Literature (here meaning for literature; Nobelpriset i litteratur) is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, "in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction" (original den som inom litteraturen har producerat det utmärktaste i idealisk riktning).
See Ireland and Nobel Prize in Literature
Nobel Prize in Physics
The Nobel Prize in Physics (Nobelpriset i fysik) is an annual award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who have made the most outstanding contributions to mankind in the field of physics.
See Ireland and Nobel Prize in Physics
Normans
The Normans (Norman: Normaunds; Normands; Nortmanni/Normanni) were a population arising in the medieval Duchy of Normandy from the intermingling between Norse Viking settlers and locals of West Francia.
Normans in Ireland
Hiberno-Normans, or Norman Irish (Normánach; Gall, 'foreigners'), refer to Irish families descended from Norman settlers who arrived during the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland in the 12th century, mainly from England and Wales.
See Ireland and Normans in Ireland
North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland)
The North Channel (known in Irish and Scottish Gaelic as Sruth na Maoile, in Scots as the Sheuch) is the strait between north-eastern Northern Ireland and south-western Scotland.
See Ireland and North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland)
North Sea oil
North Sea oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons, comprising liquid petroleum and natural gas, produced from petroleum reservoirs beneath the North Sea.
North/South Inter-Parliamentary Association
The North/South Inter-Parliamentary Association is an inter-parliamentary forum created between the national parliament of the Republic of Ireland (the Oireachtas) and the devolved Northern Ireland Assembly.
See Ireland and North/South Inter-Parliamentary Association
North/South Ministerial Council
The North/South Ministerial Council (NSMC) (An Chomhairle Aireachta Thuaidh-Theas, Ulster-Scots: North South Meinisterlie Council) is a body established under the Good Friday Agreement to co-ordinate activity and exercise certain governmental powers across the whole island of Ireland.
See Ireland and North/South Ministerial Council
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann; Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom in the north-east of the island of Ireland that is variously described as a country, province or region.
See Ireland and Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland Assembly
The Northern Ireland Assembly (Tionól Thuaisceart Éireann; Norlin Airlan Assemblie), often referred to by the metonym Stormont, is the devolved legislature of Northern Ireland.
See Ireland and Northern Ireland Assembly
Northern Ireland Electricity
Northern Ireland Electricity Networks Limited (NIE Networks) is the electricity asset owner of the transmission and distribution infrastructure in Northern Ireland, established in 1993 when the business was privatised.
See Ireland and Northern Ireland Electricity
Northern Ireland Executive
The Northern Ireland Executive (Irish: Feidhmeannas Thuaisceart Éireann, Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlan Executive) is the devolved government of Northern Ireland, an administrative branch of the legislature – the Northern Ireland Assembly.
See Ireland and Northern Ireland Executive
The Northern Ireland national football team (Foireann peile náisiúnta Thuaisceart Éireann) represents Northern Ireland in men's international association football.
See Ireland and Northern Ireland national football team
Northern Ireland Sign Language
Northern Ireland Sign language (NISL) is a sign language used mainly by deaf people in Northern Ireland.
See Ireland and Northern Ireland Sign Language
Northwestern Europe
Northwestern Europe, or Northwest Europe, is a loosely defined subregion of Europe, overlapping Northern and Western Europe.
See Ireland and Northwestern Europe
Number theory
Number theory (or arithmetic or higher arithmetic in older usage) is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of the integers and arithmetic functions.
Oak
An oak is a hardwood tree or shrub in the genus Quercus of the beech family.
See Ireland and Oak
Oath of Allegiance (Ireland)
The Irish Oath of Allegiance was a controversial provision in the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921, which Irish TDs (members of the Lower House of the Irish Parliament) and Senators were required to swear before taking their seats in Dáil Éireann (Chamber of Deputies) and Seanad Éireann (Irish Senate) before the Constitution (Removal of Oath) Act 1933 was passed on 3 May 1933.
See Ireland and Oath of Allegiance (Ireland)
Oceanic climate
An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate or maritime climate, is the temperate climate sub-type in Köppen classification represented as Cfb, typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of continents, generally featuring cool to warm summers and cool to mild winters (for their latitude), with a relatively narrow annual temperature range and few extremes of temperature.
See Ireland and Oceanic climate
OECD
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE) is an intergovernmental organisation with 38 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade.
See Ireland and OECD
Ogham
Ogham (Modern Irish:; ogum, ogom, later ogam) is an Early Medieval alphabet used primarily to write the early Irish language (in the "orthodox" inscriptions, 4th to 6th centuries AD), and later the Old Irish language (scholastic ogham, 6th to 9th centuries).
Oireachtas
The Oireachtas, sometimes referred to as Oireachtas Éireann, is the bicameral parliament of Ireland.
Old Irish
Old Irish, also called Old Gaelic (Goídelc, Ogham script: ᚌᚑᚔᚇᚓᚂᚉ; Sean-Ghaeilge; Seann-Ghàidhlig; Shenn Yernish or Shenn Ghaelg), is the oldest form of the Goidelic/Gaelic language for which there are extensive written texts.
Old Norse
Old Norse, Old Nordic, or Old Scandinavian is a stage of development of North Germanic dialects before their final divergence into separate Nordic languages.
Oliver Goldsmith
Oliver Goldsmith (10 November 1728 – 4 April 1774) was an Anglo-Irish writer best known for his works such as The Vicar of Wakefield (1766), The Good-Natur'd Man (1768), The Deserted Village (1770) and She Stoops to Conquer (1771).
See Ireland and Oliver Goldsmith
Open University
The Open University (OU) is a public research university and the largest university in the United Kingdom by number of students.
See Ireland and Open University
Operation Banner was the operational name for the British Armed Forces' operation in Northern Ireland from 1969 to 2007, as part of the Troubles.
See Ireland and Operation Banner
Ordnance Survey Ireland
Ordnance Survey Ireland (OSI; Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis Éireann) was the national mapping agency of the Republic of Ireland.
See Ireland and Ordnance Survey Ireland
Ordovician
The Ordovician is a geologic period and system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era.
Oscar Wilde
Oscar Fingal O'Fflahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 185430 November 1900) was an Irish poet and playwright.
Ox
An ox (oxen), also known as a bullock (in British, Australian, and Indian English), is a bovine, trained and used as a draft animal.
See Ireland and Ox
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Ireland and Oxford University Press
Oyster
Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats.
Paddy Barnes
Patrick Gerard Barnes (born 9 April 1987) is an Irish former boxer who competed as an amateur from 2005 to 2016 and as a professional from 2016 to 2019.
Paganism
Paganism (from classical Latin pāgānus "rural", "rustic", later "civilian") is a term first used in the fourth century by early Christians for people in the Roman Empire who practiced polytheism, or ethnic religions other than Judaism.
Palladian architecture
Palladian architecture is a European architectural style derived from the work of the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580).
See Ireland and Palladian architecture
Palladius (bishop of Ireland)
Palladius (fl. AD 408–431; died 457/461) was the first bishop of the Christians of Ireland, preceding Saint Patrick.
See Ireland and Palladius (bishop of Ireland)
Papal bull
A papal bull is a type of public decree, letters patent, or charter issued by a pope of the Catholic Church.
Parliament of Ireland
The Parliament of Ireland (Parlaimint na hÉireann) was the legislature of the Lordship of Ireland, and later the Kingdom of Ireland, from 1297 until the end of 1800.
See Ireland and Parliament of Ireland
Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom, and may also legislate for the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories.
See Ireland and Parliament of the United Kingdom
Parliamentary system
A parliamentary system, or parliamentary democracy, is a system of democratic government where the head of government (who may also be the head of state) derives their democratic legitimacy from their ability to command the support ("confidence") of the legislature, typically a parliament, to which they are accountable.
See Ireland and Parliamentary system
Partition of Ireland
The Partition of Ireland (críochdheighilt na hÉireann) was the process by which the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (UK) divided Ireland into two self-governing polities: Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland.
See Ireland and Partition of Ireland
Partraige
The Partraige were a people of early historic Ireland.
Patron saints of places
This is a list of patron saints of places by nation, region, and town or city.
See Ireland and Patron saints of places
Pádraig Harrington
Pádraig Peter Harrington (born 31 August 1971) is an Irish professional golfer who plays on the European Tour, PGA Tour and the PGA Tour Champions.
See Ireland and Pádraig Harrington
Peat
Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation or organic matter.
See Ireland and Peat
Penal laws (Ireland)
In Ireland, the penal laws (Na Péindlíthe) were a series of legal disabilities imposed in the seventeenth, and early eighteenth, centuries on the kingdom's Roman Catholic majority and, to a lesser degree, on Protestant "Dissenters".
See Ireland and Penal laws (Ireland)
Penal transportation
Penal transportation was the relocation of convicted criminals, or other persons regarded as undesirable, to a distant place, often a colony, for a specified term; later, specifically established penal colonies became their destination.
See Ireland and Penal transportation
Penguin Books
Penguin Books Limited is a British publishing house.
Peter's Pence
Peter's Pence (or Denarii Sancti Petri and "Alms of St Peter") are donations or payments made directly to the Holy See of the Catholic Church.
PGA Championship
The PGA Championship (often referred to as the US PGA Championship or USPGA outside the United States) is an annual golf tournament conducted by the Professional Golfers' Association of America.
See Ireland and PGA Championship
Physicist
A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe.
Physics World
Physics World is the membership magazine of the Institute of Physics, one of the largest physical societies in the world.
Phytogeography
Phytogeography (from Greek φυτόν, phytón.
See Ireland and Phytogeography
Pinus sylvestris
Pinus sylvestris, the Scots pine (UK), Scotch pine (US), Baltic pine, or European red pine is a species of tree in the pine family Pinaceae that is native to Eurasia.
See Ireland and Pinus sylvestris
Plantation
Plantations are farms specializing in cash crops, usually mainly planting a single crop, with perhaps ancillary areas for vegetables for eating and so on.
Plantations of Ireland
Plantations in 16th- and 17th-century Ireland (Plandálacha na hÉireann) involved the confiscation of Irish-owned land by the English Crown and the colonisation of this land with settlers from Great Britain.
See Ireland and Plantations of Ireland
Plurality voting
Plurality voting refers to electoral systems in which the candidate in an electoral district who poll more than any other (that is, receive a plurality) are elected.
See Ireland and Plurality voting
Polish people
Polish people, or Poles, are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation who share a common history, culture, the Polish language and are identified with the country of Poland in Central Europe.
Pope Adrian IV
Pope Adrian IV (Adrianus IV; born Nicholas Breakspear (or Brekespear); 1 September 1159, also Hadrian IV) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 4 December 1154 to his death in 1159.
See Ireland and Pope Adrian IV
Pope Alexander III
Pope Alexander III (c. 1100/1105 – 30 August 1181), born Roland (Rolando), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 September 1159 until his death in 1181.
See Ireland and Pope Alexander III
Pope Celestine I
Pope Celestine I (Caelestinus I) (c. 376 – 1 August 432) was the bishop of Rome from 10 September 422 to his death on 1 August 432.
See Ireland and Pope Celestine I
Populus tremula
Populus tremula (commonly called aspen, common aspen, Eurasian aspen, European aspen, or quaking aspen) is a species of poplar native to cool temperate regions of the Old World.
See Ireland and Populus tremula
Porter (beer)
Porter is a style of beer first brewed in London, England, in the early 18th century.
Post-2008 Irish economic downturn
The post-2008 Irish economic downturn in the Republic of Ireland, coincided with a series of banking scandals, followed the 1990s and 2000s Celtic Tiger period of rapid real economic growth fuelled by foreign direct investment, a subsequent property bubble which rendered the real economy uncompetitive, and an expansion in bank lending in the early 2000s.
See Ireland and Post-2008 Irish economic downturn
Pound sterling
Sterling (ISO code: GBP) is the currency of the United Kingdom and nine of its associated territories.
See Ireland and Pound sterling
Poynings' Law (on certification of acts)
Poynings' Law or the Statute of Drogheda (10 Hen. 7. c. 4 (I) or 10 Hen. 7. c. 9 (I); later titled "An Act that no Parliament be holden in this Land until the Acts be certified into England") was a 1494 Act of the Parliament of Ireland which provided that the parliament could not meet until its proposed legislation had been approved both by Ireland's Lord Deputy and Privy Council and by England's monarch (the Lord of Ireland) and Privy Council.
See Ireland and Poynings' Law (on certification of acts)
Premier League
The Premier League is the highest level of the English football league system.
See Ireland and Premier League
Presbyterianism
Presbyterianism is a Reformed (Calvinist) Protestant tradition named for its form of church government by representative assemblies of elders.
See Ireland and Presbyterianism
President of Ireland
The president of Ireland (Uachtarán na hÉireann) is the head of state of Ireland and the supreme commander of the Irish Defence Forces.
See Ireland and President of Ireland
Prestel Publishing
Prestel Publishing is an art book publisher, with books on art, architecture, photography, design, fashion, craft, culture, history and ethnography.
See Ireland and Prestel Publishing
Primacy of Ireland
The Primacy of Ireland belongs to the diocesan bishop of the Irish diocese with highest precedence.
See Ireland and Primacy of Ireland
Prime number
A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers.
Privy Council of England
The Privy Council of England, also known as His (or Her) Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, was a body of advisers to the sovereign of the Kingdom of England.
See Ireland and Privy Council of England
Prohibition in the United States
The Prohibition era was the period from 1920 to 1933 when the United States prohibited the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages.
See Ireland and Prohibition in the United States
Protestant Ascendancy
The Protestant Ascendancy (also known as the Ascendancy) was the sociopolitical and economical domination of Ireland between the 17th and early 20th centuries by a small Anglican ruling class, whose members consisted of landowners, politicians, clergymen, military officers and other prominent professions.
See Ireland and Protestant Ascendancy
Protestantism
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes justification of sinners through faith alone, the teaching that salvation comes by unmerited divine grace, the priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice.
Proto-Indo-European language
Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European language family.
See Ireland and Proto-Indo-European language
Provinces of Ireland
There are four provinces of Ireland: Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster.
See Ireland and Provinces of Ireland
Provisional Irish Republican Army
The Provisional Irish Republican Army (Provisional IRA), officially known as the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and informally known as the Provos, was an Irish republican paramilitary force that sought to end British rule in Northern Ireland, facilitate Irish reunification and bring about an independent republic encompassing all of Ireland.
See Ireland and Provisional Irish Republican Army
Ptolemy
Claudius Ptolemy (Πτολεμαῖος,; Claudius Ptolemaeus; AD) was an Alexandrian mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were important to later Byzantine, Islamic, and Western European science.
Quaternion
In mathematics, the quaternion number system extends the complex numbers.
R. F. Foster (historian)
Robert Fitzroy 'Roy' Foster (born 16 January 1949), publishing as R. F. Foster, is an Irish historian and academic.
See Ireland and R. F. Foster (historian)
Radiocarbon dating
Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.
See Ireland and Radiocarbon dating
Red deer
The red deer (Cervus elaphus) is one of the largest deer species.
Red fox
The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is the largest of the true foxes and one of the most widely distributed members of the order Carnivora, being present across the entire Northern Hemisphere including most of North America, Europe and Asia, plus parts of North Africa.
Red lemonade
Red lemonade (Líomanáid dearg) is a soft drink sold in Ireland and regarded as distinctively a part of the cultural identity of Irish people.
Relative sea level
Relative sea level (RSL) is defined as the sea level that is observed with respect to a land-based reference frame.
See Ireland and Relative sea level
Religion in Ireland
This is a list of articles about religion in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.
See Ireland and Religion in Ireland
Renewable energy
Renewable energy (or green energy) is energy from renewable natural resources that are replenished on a human timescale.
See Ireland and Renewable energy
Republic of Ireland
Ireland (Éire), also known as the Republic of Ireland (Poblacht na hÉireann), is a country in north-western Europe consisting of 26 of the 32 counties of the island of Ireland.
See Ireland and Republic of Ireland
The Republic of Ireland national football team (Foireann peile náisiúnta Phoblacht na hÉireann) represents the Republic of Ireland in men's international football.
See Ireland and Republic of Ireland national football team
Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border
The Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border, sometimes referred to as the Irish border or British–Irish border, runs for Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland, 1999 (PDF) by KJ Rankin and published in association with Institute for British-Irish Studies, University College Dublin and Institute for Governance, Queen's University, Belfast (also printed as IBIS working paper no.
See Ireland and Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border
Richard Brinsley Sheridan
Richard Brinsley Butler Sheridan (30 October 17517 July 1816) was an Anglo-Irish playwright, writer and Whig politician who sat in the British House of Commons from 1780 to 1812, representing the constituencies of Stafford, Westminster and Ilchester.
See Ireland and Richard Brinsley Sheridan
Richard Cantillon
Richard Cantillon (1680s –) was an Irish-French economist and author of Essai Sur La Nature Du Commerce En Général (Essay on the Nature of Trade in General), a book considered by William Stanley Jevons to be the "cradle of political economy".
See Ireland and Richard Cantillon
Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
Richard de Clare (1130 – 20 April 1176), 2nd Earl of Pembroke, also Lord of Leinster and Justiciar of Ireland (sometimes known as Richard FitzGilbert), was an Anglo-Norman nobleman notable for his leading role in the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland.
See Ireland and Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
Ritual warfare
Ritual warfare (sometimes called endemic warfare) is a state of continual or frequent warfare, such as is found in (but not limited to) some tribal societies.
See Ireland and Ritual warfare
River Shannon
The River Shannon (Abhainn na Sionainne, an tSionainn, an tSionna) is the major river on the island of Ireland, and at in length, is the longest river in the British and Irish Isles.
Rivers of Ireland
Shown here are all the major rivers and tributaries of Ireland with their lengths (in kilometres and miles).
See Ireland and Rivers of Ireland
Robert Boyle
Robert Boyle (25 January 1627 – 31 December 1691) was an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, alchemist and inventor.
Robert Emmet
Robert Emmet (4 March 177820 September 1803) was an Irish Republican, orator and rebel leader.
Robert Peel
Sir Robert Peel, 2nd Baronet (5 February 1788 – 2 July 1850), was a British Conservative statesman who twice was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1834–1835, 1841–1846), and simultaneously was Chancellor of the Exchequer (1834–1835).
Rock of Cashel
The Rock of Cashel (Carraig Phádraig), also known as Cashel of the Kings and St.
See Ireland and Rock of Cashel
Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829
The Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829 (10 Geo. 4. c. 7), also known as the Catholic Emancipation Act 1829, removed the sacramental tests that barred Roman Catholics in the United Kingdom from Parliament and from higher offices of the judiciary and state.
See Ireland and Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829
Rory McIlroy
Rory Daniel McIlroy (born 4 May 1989) is a Northern Irish professional golfer who is a member of both the European Tour and the PGA Tour.
Rough Guides
Founded in 1982, Rough Guides Ltd is a British publisher of print and digital guide book, phrasebooks and inspirational travel reference books, and a provider of personalised trips.
Royal charter
A royal charter is a formal grant issued by a monarch under royal prerogative as letters patent.
RTÉ
i (Radio Television of Ireland; RTÉ) is an Irish public service broadcaster.
See Ireland and RTÉ
Rugby football is the collective name for the team sports of rugby union or rugby league.
See Ireland and Rugby football
Rugby union
Rugby union football, commonly known simply as rugby union or more often just rugby, is a close-contact team sport that originated at Rugby School in England in the first half of the 19th century.
Rugby World Cup
The Men's Rugby World Cup is a rugby union tournament contested every four years between the top international teams, the winners of which are recognised as the World champions of the sport.
See Ireland and Rugby World Cup
Safefood
Safefood (also known as The Food Safety Promotion Board; FSPB; An Bord um Chur Chun Cinn Sabháilteachta Bia; Ulster-Scots: Tha Mait Safétie Fordèrin Boord or The Meat Sauftie Forder Buird), is the public body responsible for raising consumer awareness of issues relating to food safety and healthy eating across the island of Ireland (Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland).
Saint Patrick
Saint Patrick (Patricius; Pádraig or; Padrig) was a fifth-century Romano-British Christian missionary and bishop in Ireland.
Salmon
Salmon (salmon) is the common name for several commercially important species of euryhaline ray-finned fish from the genera Salmo and Oncorhynchus of the family Salmonidae, native to tributaries of the North Atlantic (Salmo) and North Pacific (Oncorhynchus) basins.
Samuel Beckett
Samuel Barclay Beckett (13 April 1906 – 22 December 1989) was an Irish novelist, dramatist, short story writer, theatre director, poet, and literary translator.
See Ireland and Samuel Beckett
Satellite imagery
Satellite images (also Earth observation imagery, spaceborne photography, or simply satellite photo) are images of Earth collected by imaging satellites operated by governments and businesses around the world.
See Ireland and Satellite imagery
Scotch whisky
Scotch whisky (whisky/whiskie or whusk(e)y), often simply called whisky or Scotch, is malt whisky or grain whisky (or a blend of the two) made in Scotland.
Scotia
Scotia is a Latin placename derived from Scoti, a Latin name for the Gaels, first attested in the late 3rd century.
Scotland
Scotland (Scots: Scotland; Scottish Gaelic: Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Ireland and Scotland are celtic nations.
Scottish Gaelic
Scottish Gaelic (endonym: Gàidhlig), also known as Scots Gaelic or simply Gaelic, is a Goidelic language (in the Celtic branch of the Indo-European language family) native to the Gaels of Scotland.
See Ireland and Scottish Gaelic
Scottish Highlands
The Highlands (the Hielands; a' Ghàidhealtachd) is a historical region of Scotland.
See Ireland and Scottish Highlands
Scottish people
The Scottish people or Scots (Scots fowk; Albannaich) are an ethnic group and nation native to Scotland.
See Ireland and Scottish people
Scottish Premier League
The Scottish Premier League (SPL; Prìomh Lìog na h-Alba) was the top-level league competition for professional football clubs in Scotland.
See Ireland and Scottish Premier League
Scuba diving
Scuba diving is a mode of underwater diving whereby divers use breathing equipment that is completely independent of a surface breathing gas supply, and therefore has a limited but variable endurance.
Seamus Heaney
Seamus Justin Heaney (13 April 1939 – 30 August 2013) was an Irish poet, playwright and translator.
Sean Scully
Sean Scully (born 30 June 1945) is an Irish-born American-based artist working as a painter, printmaker, sculptor and photographer.
Seanad Éireann
Seanad Éireann ("Senate of Ireland") is the senate of the Oireachtas (the Irish legislature), which also comprises the President of Ireland and Dáil Éireann (defined as the house of representatives).
See Ireland and Seanad Éireann
Seán Ó Riada
Seán Ó Riada (born John Reidy; 1 August 1931 – 3 October 1971) was an Irish composer and arranger of Irish traditional music.
Seán O'Casey
Seán O'Casey (Seán Ó Cathasaigh; born John Casey; 30 March 1880 – 18 September 1964) was an Irish dramatist and memoirist.
Sebastian Barry
Sebastian Barry is an Irish novelist, playwright and poet.
See Ireland and Sebastian Barry
Second Dáil
The Second Dáil was Dáil Éireann as it convened from 16 August 1921 until 8 June 1922.
Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
The office of Secretary of State for Northern Ireland (Rúnaí Stáit Thuaisceart Éireann; Secretar o State for Norlin Airlan), also referred to as Northern Ireland Secretary or SoSNI, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with overall responsibility for the Northern Ireland Office.
See Ireland and Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
Sectarianism
Sectarianism is a debated concept.
Sedulius Scottus
Sedulius Scotus or Scottus (fl. 840–860) was an Irish monk, teacher, Latin grammarian, and scriptural commentator who lived in the 9th century.
See Ireland and Sedulius Scottus
Shelta
Shelta (Irish: Seiltis) is a language spoken by Irish Travellers (Mincéirí), particularly in Ireland and the United Kingdom.
Show jumping
Show jumping is a part of a group of English riding equestrian events that also includes eventing, hunters, and equitation.
Silurian
The Silurian is a geologic period and system spanning 24.6 million years from the end of the Ordovician Period, at million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Devonian Period, Mya.
Silvermines
Silvermines, historically known as Bellagowan, is a village in County Tipperary in Ireland.
Sinéad O'Connor
Shuhada' Sadaqat (born Sinéad Marie Bernadette O'Connor; 8 December 1966 – 26 July 2023) was an Irish singer, songwriter, and activist.
See Ireland and Sinéad O'Connor
Single market
A single market, sometimes called common market or internal market, is a type of trade bloc in which most trade barriers have been removed (for goods) with some common policies on product regulation, and freedom of movement of the factors of production (capital and labour) and of enterprise and services.
Sinn Féin
Sinn Féin is an Irish republican and democratic socialist political party in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.
Six Nations Championship
The Six Nations Championship (known as the Guinness Six Nations for sponsorship reasons) is an annual international men's rugby union competition between the teams of England, France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales.
See Ireland and Six Nations Championship
Skellig Michael
Skellig Michael (Sceilg Mhichíl), also called Great Skellig (Sceilig Mhór), is a twin-pinnacled crag west of the Iveragh Peninsula in County Kerry, Ireland.
See Ireland and Skellig Michael
Society of United Irishmen
The Society of United Irishmen was a sworn association, formed in the wake of the French Revolution, to secure representative government in Ireland.
See Ireland and Society of United Irishmen
Soghain
The Soghain were a people of ancient Ireland.
Sonia O'Sullivan
Sonia O'Sullivan (born 28 November 1969) is an Irish former track and field athlete.
See Ireland and Sonia O'Sullivan
Sorbus aucuparia
Sorbus aucuparia, commonly called rowan (also) and mountain-ash, is a species of deciduous tree or shrub in the rose family.
See Ireland and Sorbus aucuparia
South magnetic pole
The south magnetic pole, also known as the magnetic south pole, is the point on Earth's Southern Hemisphere where the geomagnetic field lines are directed perpendicular to the nominal surface.
See Ireland and South magnetic pole
Southern Uplands
The Southern Uplands (Na Monaidhean a Deas) are the southernmost and least populous of mainland Scotland's three major geographic areas (the others being the Central Lowlands and the Highlands).
See Ireland and Southern Uplands
Sovereign state
A sovereign state is a state that has the highest authority over a territory.
See Ireland and Sovereign state
Special EU Programmes Body
The Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) (Comhlacht na gClár Speisialta AE; Ulster-Scots: Tha By-Ordnar CE Dargs Convenerie) is a cross-border body in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland which co-ordinates projects funded by the European Union and implemented in Northern Ireland and adjacent regions: the Border region of the Republic of Ireland, and Western Scotland.
See Ireland and Special EU Programmes Body
Sporobolus anglicus
Sporobolus anglicus (common cordgrass) is a hybrid-derived species of cordgrass that originated in southern England in about 1870 and is a neonative species in Britain.
See Ireland and Sporobolus anglicus
St George's Channel
St George's Channel (Sianel San Siôr, Muir Bhreatan) is a sea channel connecting the Irish Sea to the north and the Celtic Sea to the southwest.
See Ireland and St George's Channel
St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin
Saint Patrick's Cathedral (Ard-Eaglais Naomh Pádraig) in Dublin, Ireland, founded in 1191 as a Roman Catholic cathedral, is currently the national cathedral of the Church of Ireland. Christ Church Cathedral, also a Church of Ireland cathedral in Dublin, is designated as the local cathedral of the Diocese of Dublin and Glendalough.
See Ireland and St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin
St Patrick's Pontifical University, Maynooth
St Patrick's Pontifical University, Maynooth (Coláiste Naoimh Phádraig, Maigh Nuad), is a pontifical Catholic university in the town of Maynooth near Dublin, Ireland.
See Ireland and St Patrick's Pontifical University, Maynooth
St. Martin's Press
St.
See Ireland and St. Martin's Press
Statute of Westminster 1931
The Statute of Westminster 1931 is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that sets the basis for the relationship between the Dominions (now called Commonwealth realms) and the Crown.
See Ireland and Statute of Westminster 1931
Statutes of Kilkenny
The Statutes of Kilkenny were a series of thirty-five acts enacted by the Parliament of Ireland at Kilkenny in 1366, aiming to curb the decline of the Hiberno-Norman Lordship of Ireland.
See Ireland and Statutes of Kilkenny
String instrument
In musical instrument classification, string instruments or chordophones, are musical instruments that produce sound from vibrating strings when a performer plays or sounds the strings in some manner.
See Ireland and String instrument
Strokestown Park
Strokestown Park House is a Palladian style Georgian house in Strokestown, County Roscommon, Ireland, set on about.
See Ireland and Strokestown Park
Subtropics
The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical and climate zones to the north and south of the tropics.
Sunningdale Agreement
The Sunningdale Agreement was an attempt to establish a power-sharing Northern Ireland Executive and a cross-border Council of Ireland.
See Ireland and Sunningdale Agreement
Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom (initialism: UKSC) is the final court of appeal in the United Kingdom for all civil cases, and for criminal cases originating in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
See Ireland and Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
Sweeney's Men
Sweeney's Men was an Irish traditional band.
Synod of Kells
The Synod of Kells took place in 1152, under the presidency of Giovanni Cardinal Paparoni, and continued the process begun at the Synod of Ráth Breasail (1111) of reforming the Irish church.
See Ireland and Synod of Kells
T. Fisher Unwin
T.
See Ireland and T. Fisher Unwin
Taibhdhearc na Gaillimhe
An Taibhdhearc is the national Irish language theatre of Ireland.
See Ireland and Taibhdhearc na Gaillimhe
Taoiseach
The Taoiseach is the head of government or prime minister of Ireland.
Taxus baccata
Taxus baccata is a species of evergreen tree in the family Taxaceae, native to Western Europe, Central Europe and Southern Europe, as well as Northwest Africa, northern Iran, and Southwest Asia.
Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest is a temperate climate terrestrial habitat type defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature, with broadleaf tree ecoregions, and with conifer and broadleaf tree mixed coniferous forest ecoregions.
See Ireland and Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests
Temperate climate
In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth.
See Ireland and Temperate climate
Test Acts
The Test Acts were a series of penal laws originating in Restoration England, passed by the Parliament of England, that served as a religious test for public office and imposed various civil disabilities on Catholics and nonconformist Protestants.
Thames & Hudson
Thames & Hudson (sometimes T&H for brevity) is a publisher of illustrated books in all visually creative categories: art, architecture, design, photography, fashion, film, and the performing arts.
See Ireland and Thames & Hudson
The Burren
The Burren is a karst/glaciokarst landscape centred in County Clare, on the west coast of Ireland.
The Chieftains
The Chieftains are a traditional Irish folk band formed in Dublin in 1962, by Paddy Moloney, Seán Potts and Michael Tubridy.
See Ireland and The Chieftains
The Christian Science Monitor
The Christian Science Monitor (CSM), commonly known as The Monitor, is a nonprofit news organization that publishes daily articles both in electronic format and a weekly print edition.
See Ireland and The Christian Science Monitor
The Clancy Brothers
The Clancy Brothers were an influential Irish folk music group that developed initially as a part of the American folk music revival.
See Ireland and The Clancy Brothers
The Corrs
The Corrs are an Irish family band that combine pop rock with traditional Irish themes within their music.
The Cranberries
The Cranberries were an Irish rock band formed in Limerick, Ireland, in 1989.
See Ireland and The Cranberries
The Dubliners
The Dubliners were an Irish folk band founded in Dublin in 1962 as The Ronnie Drew Ballad Group, named after its founding member; they subsequently renamed themselves The Dubliners.
The Emergency (Ireland)
The Emergency (Ré na Práinne / An Éigeandáil) was a state of emergency in the independent state of Ireland in the Second World War, throughout which the state remained neutral.
See Ireland and The Emergency (Ireland)
The Guardian
The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.
The Independent
The Independent is a British online newspaper.
See Ireland and The Independent
The Irish News
The Irish News is a compact daily newspaper based in Belfast, Northern Ireland.
See Ireland and The Irish News
The Irish Times
The Irish Times is an Irish daily broadsheet newspaper and online digital publication.
See Ireland and The Irish Times
The New York Times
The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.
See Ireland and The New York Times
The North/South Language Body
The North/South Language Body (An Foras Teanga Thuaidh/Theas; Ulster-Scots: Tha Noarth/Sooth Boord o Leid or The Language Curn) is an implementation body, provided for by the Belfast Agreement, that exists to implement policies agreed by Ministers in the North/South Ministerial Council (NSMC) in Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland with regard to the Irish and Ulster-Scots (or "Ullans") languages on a cross border all Island basis.
See Ireland and The North/South Language Body
The Open Championship
The Open Championship, often referred to as The Open or the British Open, is the oldest golf tournament in the world, and one of the most prestigious.
See Ireland and The Open Championship
The Pale
The Pale (Irish: An Pháil) or the English Pale (An Pháil Shasanach or An Ghalltacht) was the part of Ireland directly under the control of the English government in the Late Middle Ages.
The Pogues
The Pogues were an English or Anglo-Irish Celtic punk band fronted by Shane MacGowan and others, founded in King's Cross, London, in 1982, as Pogue Mahone—an anglicisation of the Irish phrase ''póg mo thóin'', meaning "kiss my arse".
The Saw Doctors
The Saw Doctors are an Irish rock band.
See Ireland and The Saw Doctors
The Troubles
The Troubles (Na Trioblóidí) were an ethno-nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland that lasted for about 30 years from the late 1960s to 1998.
The Washington Post
The Washington Post, locally known as "the Post" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital.
See Ireland and The Washington Post
The Wolfe Tones
The Wolfe Tones are an Irish rebel music band that incorporate Irish traditional music in their songs.
See Ireland and The Wolfe Tones
TheJournal.ie
The Journal (formerly styled as TheJournal.ie) is an online newspaper in Ireland.
Thin Lizzy
Thin Lizzy are an Irish hard rock band formed in Dublin in 1969.
Third Dáil
The Third Dáil was elected at the general election held on 16 June 1922.
Tigernán Ua Ruairc
Tighearnán Mór Ua Ruairc (older spelling: Tigernán Mór Ua Ruairc), anglicised as Tiernan O'Rourke (fl. 1124–1172) ruled the kingdom of Breifne as the 19th king in its Ua Ruairc (later O'Rourke) dynasty (964–1605 CE), a branch of the Uí Briúin.
See Ireland and Tigernán Ua Ruairc
Time in the Republic of Ireland
Ireland uses Irish Standard Time (IST, UTC+01:00; Am Caighdeánach Éireannach) in the summer months and Greenwich Mean Time (UTC+00:00; Meán-Am Greenwich) in the winter period.
See Ireland and Time in the Republic of Ireland
Tirawley
Tirawley (Irish: Tír Amhlaidh),` archaically known as Tyrawley, is a barony extending southward from the north coast of County Mayo, Ireland.
Torc
A torc, also spelled torq or torque, is a large rigid or stiff neck ring in metal, made either as a single piece or from strands twisted together.
See Ireland and Torc
Trade barrier
Trade barriers are government-induced restrictions on international trade.
Transformer
In electrical engineering, a transformer is a passive component that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another circuit, or multiple circuits.
Treaty of Windsor (1175)
The Treaty of Windsor (1175) was a territorial agreement made during the time of the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland.
See Ireland and Treaty of Windsor (1175)
Tree Council of Ireland
The TREE COUNCIL OF IRELAND is a non-profit organisation that does not receive any financial support from the government.
See Ireland and Tree Council of Ireland
Trinity College Dublin
Trinity College Dublin (Coláiste na Tríonóide), officially The College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth near Dublin, is the sole constituent college of the University of Dublin, Ireland.
See Ireland and Trinity College Dublin
Triple Crown (rugby union)
In rugby union, the Triple Crown is an honour contested annually by the "Home Nations" – i.e. England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales who compete within the larger Six Nations Championship.
See Ireland and Triple Crown (rugby union)
Trout
Trout (trout) is a generic common name for numerous species of carnivorous freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the genera Oncorhynchus, Salmo and Salvelinus, all of which are members of the subfamily Salmoninae in the family Salmonidae.
Tudor conquest of Ireland
The Tudor conquest (or reconquest) of Ireland took place during the 16th century under the Tudor dynasty, which ruled the Kingdom of England.
See Ireland and Tudor conquest of Ireland
Turlough Hill
Turlough Hill, also known as Tomaneena, is a mountain in County Wicklow in Ireland and site of Ireland's only pumped-storage hydroelectricity plant.
Twynholm
Twynholm is a village in Scotland.
Tynagh
Tynagh is a village and electoral division in south-east County Galway in Ireland.
Tyndall effect
The Tyndall effect is light scattering by particles in a colloid such as a very fine suspension (a sol).
See Ireland and Tyndall effect
U.S. Open (golf)
The United States Open Championship, commonly known as the U.S. Open, is the annual open national championship of golf in the United States.
See Ireland and U.S. Open (golf)
Uaithni
The Uaithni were a people of early Ireland, who in early medieval times lived in north-eastern County Limerick and the adjoining part of County Tipperary, and had traditions that they once lived west of the River Shannon.
Uí Liatháin
The Uí Liatháin were an early kingdom of Munster in southern Ireland.
Uí Mháine
italic, often Anglicised as Hy Many, was one of the oldest and largest kingdoms located in Connacht, Ireland.
UEFA Euro 1988
The 1988 UEFA European Football Championship final tournament was held in West Germany from 10 to 25 June 1988.
See Ireland and UEFA Euro 1988
UEFA Euro 2012
The 2012 UEFA European Football Championship, commonly referred to as UEFA Euro 2012 or simply Euro 2012, was the 14th European Championship for men's national football teams organised by UEFA.
See Ireland and UEFA Euro 2012
UEFA Euro 2016
The 2016 UEFA European Football Championship, commonly referred to as UEFA Euro 2016 (stylised as UEFA EURO 2016) or simply Euro 2016, was the 15th UEFA European Championship, the quadrennial international men's football championship of Europe organised by UEFA.
See Ireland and UEFA Euro 2016
UEFA European Championship
The UEFA European Football Championship, less formally the European Championship and informally the Euro or Euros, is the primary association football tournament organised by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA).
See Ireland and UEFA European Championship
Ulaid
Ulaid (Old Irish) or Ulaidh (Modern Irish) was a Gaelic over-kingdom in north-eastern Ireland during the Middle Ages made up of a confederation of dynastic groups.
Ulex
Ulex (commonly known as gorse, furze, or whin) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae.
See Ireland and Ulex
Ulex europaeus
Ulex europaeus, the gorse, common gorse, furze or whin, is a species of flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to Western Europe.
See Ireland and Ulex europaeus
Ulster
Ulster (Ulaidh or Cúige Uladh; Ulstèr or Ulster) is one of the four traditional or historic Irish provinces.
Ulster loyalism
Ulster loyalism is a strand of Ulster unionism associated with working class Ulster Protestants in Northern Ireland.
See Ireland and Ulster loyalism
Ulster Rugby
Ulster Rugby is one of the four professional provincial rugby union teams from the island of Ireland.
Ulster Scots dialect
Ulster Scots or Ulster-Scots (Ulstèr-Scotch, Albainis Uladh), also known as Ulster Scotch and Ullans, is the dialect of Scots spoken in parts of Ulster, being almost exclusively spoken in parts of Northern Ireland and County Donegal.
See Ireland and Ulster Scots dialect
Ulster Unionist Party
The Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) is a unionist political party in Northern Ireland.
See Ireland and Ulster Unionist Party
Ulster Volunteers
The Ulster Volunteers was an Irish unionist, loyalist paramilitary organisation founded in 1912 to block domestic self-government ("Home Rule") for Ireland, which was then part of the United Kingdom.
See Ireland and Ulster Volunteers
Ulysses (novel)
Ulysses is a modernist novel by the Irish writer James Joyce.
See Ireland and Ulysses (novel)
United Ireland
United Ireland (Éire Aontaithe), also referred to as Irish reunification or a New Ireland, is the proposition that all of the island of Ireland should be a single sovereign state.
See Ireland and United Ireland
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.
See Ireland and United Kingdom
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was a sovereign state in Northwestern Europe that was established by the union in 1801 of the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland.
See Ireland and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
United Nations Development Programme
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)Programme des Nations unies pour le développement, PNUD is a United Nations agency tasked with helping countries eliminate poverty and achieve sustainable economic growth and human development.
See Ireland and United Nations Development Programme
United Nations Environment Programme
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is responsible for coordinating responses to environmental issues within the United Nations system.
See Ireland and United Nations Environment Programme
United Nations System-wide Earthwatch
United Nations System-wide Earthwatch is an initiative set up by the United Nations to bring together environmental observations by UN agencies within a consistent framework.
See Ireland and United Nations System-wide Earthwatch
United Rugby Championship
The United Rugby Championship (URC) is an annual rugby union competition involving professional teams from Ireland, Italy, Scotland, South Africa, and Wales.
See Ireland and United Rugby Championship
University College Cork
University College Cork – National University of Ireland, Cork (UCC) (Coláiste na hOllscoile Corcaigh) is a constituent university of the National University of Ireland, and located in Cork.
See Ireland and University College Cork
University College Dublin
University College Dublin (commonly referred to as UCD) (Coláiste na hOllscoile, Baile Átha Cliath) is a public research university in Dublin, Ireland, and a member institution of the National University of Ireland.
See Ireland and University College Dublin
University of Texas Press
The University of Texas Press (or UT Press) is a university press that is part of the University of Texas at Austin.
See Ireland and University of Texas Press
Upper house
An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house.
Van Morrison
Sir George Ivan Morrison (born 31 August 1945) is a singer-songwriter and musician from Northern Ireland whose recording career spans seven decades.
Vernacular literature
Vernacular literature is literature written in the vernacular—the speech of the "common people".
See Ireland and Vernacular literature
Victoria Cross
The Victoria Cross (VC) is the highest and most prestigious decoration of the British decorations system.
See Ireland and Victoria Cross
Vikings
Vikings were seafaring people originally from Scandinavia (present-day Denmark, Norway, and Sweden), who from the late 8th to the late 11th centuries raided, pirated, traded, and settled throughout parts of Europe.
Violet Florence Martin
Violet Florence Martin (11 June 1862 – 21 December 1915) was an Irish author who co-wrote a series of novels with cousin Edith Somerville under the pen name of Martin Ross (Somerville and Ross) in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
See Ireland and Violet Florence Martin
Viviparous lizard
The viviparous lizard, or common lizard, (Zootoca vivipara, formerly Lacerta vivipara) is a Eurasian lizard.
See Ireland and Viviparous lizard
W. B. Yeats
William Butler Yeats (13 June 186528 January 1939) was an Irish poet, dramatist and writer, and one of the foremost figures of 20th-century literature.
Wars of the Three Kingdoms
The Wars of the Three Kingdoms, sometimes known as the British Civil Wars, were a series of intertwined conflicts fought between 1639 and 1653 in the kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland, then separate entities united in a personal union under Charles I. They include the 1639 to 1640 Bishops' Wars, the First and Second English Civil Wars, the Irish Confederate Wars, the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland and the Anglo-Scottish War of 1650–1652.
See Ireland and Wars of the Three Kingdoms
Waterford
Waterford is a city in County Waterford in the south-east of Ireland.
Waterways Ireland
Waterways Ireland (Uiscebhealaí Éireann; Ulster-Scots: Watterweys Airlann) is one of the six all-Ireland North/South implementation bodies established under the Belfast Agreement in 1999.
See Ireland and Waterways Ireland
Wave equation
The wave equation is a second-order linear partial differential equation for the description of waves or standing wave fields such as mechanical waves (e.g. water waves, sound waves and seismic waves) or electromagnetic waves (including light waves).
Wayne McCullough
Wayne Pocket Rocket McCullough (born Wayne William McCullough; 7 July 1970) is a former professional boxer from Northern Ireland who competed from 1993 to 2008.
See Ireland and Wayne McCullough
Weather station
A weather station is a facility, either on land or sea, with instruments and equipment for measuring atmospheric conditions to provide information for weather forecasts and to study the weather and climate.
See Ireland and Weather station
Weaving
Weaving is a method of textile production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth.
Welsh people
The Welsh (Cymry) are an ethnic group native to Wales.
West Indies
The West Indies is a subregion of North America, surrounded by the North Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, which comprises 13 independent island countries and 19 dependencies in three archipelagos: the Greater Antilles, the Lesser Antilles, and the Lucayan Archipelago.
Western culture
Western culture, also known as Western civilization, European civilization, Occidental culture, or Western society, includes the diverse heritages of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems, artifacts and technologies of the Western world.
See Ireland and Western culture
Westminster system
The Westminster system, or Westminster model, is a type of parliamentary government that incorporates a series of procedures for operating a legislature, first developed in England.
See Ireland and Westminster system
Wexford
Wexford is the county town of County Wexford, Ireland.
Wheat
Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain that is a staple food around the world.
White meat
In culinary terms, white meat is meat which is pale in color before and after cooking.
White people
White (often still referred to as Caucasian) is a racial classification of people generally used for those of mostly European ancestry.
Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons.
See Ireland and Wiley-Blackwell
William Carleton
William Carleton (4 March 1794, Prolusk (often spelt as Prillisk as on his gravestone), Clogher, County Tyrone – 30 January 1869, Sandford Road, Ranelagh, Dublin) was an Irish writer and novelist.
See Ireland and William Carleton
William III of England
William III (William Henry;; 4 November 16508 March 1702), also widely known as William of Orange, was the sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from the 1670s, and King of England, Ireland, and Scotland from 1689 until his death in 1702.
See Ireland and William III of England
William Orpen
Major Sir William Newenham Montague Orpen, (27 November 1878 – 29 September 1931) was an Irish artist who mainly worked in London.
William Petty
Sir William Petty (26 May 1623 – 16 December 1687) was an English economist, physician, scientist and philosopher.
William Pitt the Younger
William Pitt (28 May 1759 – 23 January 1806) was a British statesman, the youngest and last prime minister of Great Britain from 1783 until the Acts of Union 1800, and then first prime minister of the United Kingdom from January 1801.
See Ireland and William Pitt the Younger
William Rowan Hamilton
Sir William Rowan Hamilton (3/4 August 1805 – 2 September 1865) was an Irish mathematician, astronomer, and physicist.
See Ireland and William Rowan Hamilton
Williamite War in Ireland
The Williamite War in Ireland took place from March 1689 to October 1691.
See Ireland and Williamite War in Ireland
Willow
Willows, also called sallows and osiers, of the genus Salix, comprise around 350 species (plus numerous hybrids) of typically deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist soils in cold and temperate regions.
Wind power
Wind power is the use of wind energy to generate useful work.
Wind turbine
A wind turbine is a device that converts the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy.
Winter of 2010–11 in the British Isles
The winter of 2010–11 was a weather event that brought heavy snowfalls, record low temperatures, travel chaos and school disruption to the islands of Great Britain and Ireland.
See Ireland and Winter of 2010–11 in the British Isles
Wolves in Ireland
The Grey wolf (Canis lupus) was an integral part of the Irish countryside and culture, but are now extinct.
See Ireland and Wolves in Ireland
World Athletics Championships
The World Athletics Championships (until 2019 known as the IAAF World Championships in Athletics) are a biennial athletics competition organized by World Athletics (formerly IAAF, International Association of Athletics Federations).
See Ireland and World Athletics Championships
World Heritage Site
World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection by an international convention administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance.
See Ireland and World Heritage Site
World War I
World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.
Wreck diving
Wreck diving is recreational diving where the wreckage of ships, aircraft and other artificial structures are explored.
X-ray crystallography
X-ray crystallography is the experimental science of determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract in specific directions.
See Ireland and X-ray crystallography
11th meridian west
The meridian 11° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, Africa, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.
See Ireland and 11th meridian west
1918 United Kingdom general election in Ireland
The Irish component of the 1918 United Kingdom general election took place on 14 December 1918.
See Ireland and 1918 United Kingdom general election in Ireland
1958 FIFA World Cup
The 1958 FIFA World Cup was the sixth FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial football tournament for men's senior national teams.
See Ireland and 1958 FIFA World Cup
1982 FIFA World Cup
The 1982 FIFA World Cup was the 12th FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial football tournament for men's senior national teams, and was played in Spain from 13 June to 11 July 1982.
See Ireland and 1982 FIFA World Cup
1986 FIFA World Cup
The 1986 FIFA World Cup was the 13th FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial football tournament for men's senior national teams.
See Ireland and 1986 FIFA World Cup
1990 FIFA World Cup
The 1990 FIFA World Cup was the 14th FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial football tournament for men's senior national teams.
See Ireland and 1990 FIFA World Cup
1991 Rugby World Cup
The 1991 Rugby World Cup (Coupe du monde de rugby 1991) was the second edition of the Rugby World Cup, and was jointly hosted by England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland and France: at the time, the five European countries who participated in the Five Nations Championship.
See Ireland and 1991 Rugby World Cup
1992 Summer Olympics
The 1992 Summer Olympics (Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1992, Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1992), officially the Games of the XXV Olympiad (Juegos de la XXV Olimpiada, Jocs de la XXV Olimpíada) and officially branded as Barcelona '92, were an international multi-sport event held from 25 July to 9 August 1992 in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
See Ireland and 1992 Summer Olympics
1994 FIFA World Cup
The 1994 FIFA World Cup was the 15th FIFA World Cup, the world championship for men's national soccer teams.
See Ireland and 1994 FIFA World Cup
1998–99 Heineken Cup
The 1998–99 Heineken Cup was the fourth edition of the Heineken Cup.
See Ireland and 1998–99 Heineken Cup
1999 Rugby World Cup
The 1999 Rugby World Cup (Cwpan Rygbi'r Byd 1999), was the fourth Rugby World Cup, the quadrennial international rugby union championship, the first World Cup to be held in the sport's professional era.
See Ireland and 1999 Rugby World Cup
2000 Summer Olympics
The 2000 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the XXVII Olympiad, officially branded as Sydney 2000, and also known as the Games of the New Millennium, were an international multi-sport event held from 15 September to 1 October 2000 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
See Ireland and 2000 Summer Olympics
2002 FIFA World Cup
The 2002 FIFA World Cup, also branded as Korea/Japan 2002, was the 17th FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial football world championship for men's national teams organized by FIFA.
See Ireland and 2002 FIFA World Cup
2003 European heatwave
The 2003 European heat wave saw the hottest summer recorded in Europe since at least 1540.
See Ireland and 2003 European heatwave
2005–06 Heineken Cup
The 2005–06 Heineken Cup was the eleventh edition of the European Heineken Cup rugby union club tournament.
See Ireland and 2005–06 Heineken Cup
2006 Ryder Cup
The 36th Ryder Cup Matches were held 22–24 September 2006 in Ireland at the Palmer Course of the K Club in Straffan, County Kildare, west of Dublin.
See Ireland and 2006 Ryder Cup
2007–08 Heineken Cup
The 2007–08 Heineken Cup was the 13th edition of the Heineken Cup, the annual rugby union European club competition for clubs from the top six nations in European rugby.
See Ireland and 2007–08 Heineken Cup
2008–09 Heineken Cup
The 2008–09 Heineken Cup was the fourteenth edition of the Heineken Cup, the annual rugby union European club competition for clubs from the top six nations in European rugby.
See Ireland and 2008–09 Heineken Cup
2010 Commonwealth Games
The 2010 Commonwealth Games, officially known as the XIX Commonwealth Games and commonly known as Delhi 2010, were an international multi-sport event for the members of the Commonwealth that was held in Delhi, India, from 3 to 14 October 2010.
See Ireland and 2010 Commonwealth Games
2010 European Amateur Boxing Championships
The Men's 2010 European Amateur Boxing Championships were held at the Megasport Sport Palace in Moscow, Russia from June 4 to June 13, 2010.
See Ireland and 2010 European Amateur Boxing Championships
2010–11 Heineken Cup
The 2010–11 Heineken Cup was the 16th season of the Heineken Cup, the annual rugby union European club competition for clubs from the top six nations in European rugby.
See Ireland and 2010–11 Heineken Cup
2011 Open Championship
The 2011 Open Championship was a men's major golf championship and the 140th Open Championship, held from 14 to 17 July at Royal St George's Golf Club in Sandwich, Kent, England.
See Ireland and 2011 Open Championship
2011–12 Heineken Cup
The 2011–12 Heineken Cup was the 17th season of the Heineken Cup, the annual rugby union European club competition for clubs from the top six nations in European rugby.
See Ireland and 2011–12 Heineken Cup
2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum
On 23 June 2016, a referendum took place in the United Kingdom (UK) and Gibraltar to ask the electorate whether the country should remain a member of, or leave, the European Union (EU).
See Ireland and 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum
2018 British Isles heatwave
The 2018 Britain and Ireland heatwave was a period of unusually hot weather that took place in June, July and August.
See Ireland and 2018 British Isles heatwave
51st parallel north
The 51st parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 51 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane.
See Ireland and 51st parallel north
56th parallel north
The 56th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 56 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane.
See Ireland and 56th parallel north
5th meridian west
The meridian 5° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, Europe, Africa, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.
See Ireland and 5th meridian west
See also
British Isles
- British Islands
- British Isles
- Brittia
- Cassiterides
- Channel Islands
- Climate of the British Isles
- Crown Dependencies
- Extreme points of the British Isles
- Geograph Britain and Ireland
- Geograph Ireland
- Geography of the British Isles
- Great Britain
- History of the British Isles
- Ireland
- Isle of Man
- Isle of Skye
- Isle of Wight
- Toponymy in the United Kingdom and Ireland
- UK Land Bridge
Celtic nations
International islands
- Abagaitu Islet
- Ankoko Island
- Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island
- Borneo
- Corocoro Island
- Cyprus
- Dall Island
- Hans Island
- Hispaniola
- Ireland
- Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego
- K Island
- Kalmasaari
- Kataja
- Koiluoto
- List of divided islands
- Märket
- New Guinea
- Passport Island
- Pheasant Island
- Province Island
- Saint Martin (island)
- Sebatik Island
- Three-Country Cairn
- Timor
- Usedom
- Vozrozhdeniya Island
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland
Also known as Airlan, Airlann, Auld Sod, Eire politic, Eire political, Eire politics, Environmental impact of agriculture in Ireland, Flora and fauna of Ireland, Ireland (Island), Ireland (region), Ireland political, Ireland politics, Irelands politics, Irish Island, Irish Politics, Irland, Irland politic, Irland political, Irland politics, Irlanda, Irlandia, Island Ireland, Island of Ireland, Politic eire, Politic in eire, Politic of eire, Political eire, Political ireland, Political irland, Politics eire, Politics in Ireland, Politics in eire, Politics in irland, Politics ireland, Politics of Ireland, Politics of eire, Politics of irland, The island of Ireland, Wildlife of Ireland.
, Baileys Irish Cream, Ballyclare, Ballylumford Power Station, Bangor, County Down, Bannow, Bantry Bay, Bantry House, Barley, Barn swallow, Battle of Ballymore-Eustace, Battle of Carlow, Battle of Castlebar, Battle of Clontarf, Battle of Naas, Battle of Prosperous, Battle of Vinegar Hill, BBC News, Belfast, Belfast Blitz, Belfast metropolitan area, Belgae, Bell Beaker culture, Bell's theorem, Bicameralism, Billy Roche, Birch, Blaa, Black Death, Black people, Black pudding, Blarney Castle, Bloomberg Businessweek, Bloomsday, Blue Flag beach, Book of Kells, Bord Gáis Energy, Boreal Kingdom, Boxing, Boxty, Boyle's law, Brú na Bóinne, Breakfast roll, Brexit, Brian Friel, British Army, British Isles, British Summer Time, British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference, Brittany, Bronze Age, Brooch, Brown bear, Bundoran, Bunratty Castle, Business Post, Butler dynasty, Cabbage, Caledonian orogeny, Cambridge University Press, Cambro-Normans, Canadian whisky, Carboniferous, Carnoustie, Carrauntoohil, 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of Ireland, Continental Europe, Corcu Loígde, Cork (city), Corn Laws, Corrib gas controversy, Corrib gas project, Corylus avellana, Counties of Ireland, Counties of Northern Ireland, Countries of the United Kingdom, County Cavan, County Clare, County Cork, County Donegal, County Dublin, County Galway, County Kerry, County Leitrim, County Limerick, County Mayo, County of Anjou, County Tipperary, County Waterford, County Wexford, Craigavon, Crataegus monogyna, Cré na Cille, Cricket, Croaghaun, Croke Park, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, Cruthin, Culling, Cultivar, Culture of Europe, Culture of Ireland, Daniel O'Connell, Darren Clarke, Dartraighe, David Reich (geneticist), Dáibhí Ó Bruadair, Dáibhí Ó Cróinín, Dáil Éireann, Dáirine, Dál Riata, Déisi, Deciduous, Deer of Ireland, Deirgtine, Delbhna, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Derry, Derval O'Rourke, Devonian, Diarmait Mac Murchada, Dingle Peninsula, Direct rule (Northern Ireland), Dissenter, Donegal Bay, Drift netting, Drisheen, Dromoland Castle, Druid, Dry stone, Dublin, Dublin Castle, Dungarvan, Early European Farmers, Early Irish law, Early Irish literature, Early Middle Ages, Easter Rising, Eóganachta, Economies of scale, Ecoregion, Edgeworth box, Edith Somerville, Edward Carson, Eibhlín Dubh Ní Chonaill, EirGrid, Electron, Elizabeth II, Endonym and exonym, England and Wales, English country house, Ennis (UK Parliament constituency), Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland), Enya, Ernest Shackleton, Ernest Walton, ESB Group, Euro, European badger, European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, European Economic Community, European hedgehog, European pine marten, European Rugby Champions Cup, European Union, Eurostat, Evergreen, Fall of the Western Roman Empire, Fermat number, Ferriter's Cove, Field hockey, Field system, FIFA, FIFA World Cup, Fir Bolg, First Dáil, First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland, Flemish people, Flight of the Earls, Folk music, Football Association of Ireland, Fortúatha, Four Courts Press, Foynes, Francia, Francis Ysidro Edgeworth, Fraxinus excelsior, Fred Daly (golfer), Gaelic Athletic Association, Gaelic football, Gaelic games, Gaelic handball, Gaelic Ireland, Gaelic revival, Gaelicisation, Gaels, Gaelscoil, Gaeltacht, Gailenga, Galvanization, Galway, Gamanraige, Garda Síochána, Geography (Ptolemy), Geography of Ireland, Geologic province, George Bernard Shaw, George Frideric Handel, George III, George IV, George Johnstone Stoney, Georgian architecture, Gerrymandering, Giant's Causeway, Gillian O'Sullivan, Giovanni Battista Rinuccini, Glendalough, Glenveagh Castle, Global Innovation Index, Gofraidh Fionn Ó Dálaigh, Golden eagle, Golf, Good Friday Agreement, Gormanston, County Meath, Gothic Revival architecture, Government of Ireland, Government of Ireland Act 1914, Government of Ireland Act 1920, Government of the United Kingdom, Gowran, Graeme McDowell, Grand Slam (rugby union), Great auk, Great Britain, Great Charter of Ireland, Great Famine (Ireland), Greater Dublin Area, Greco-Roman world, Greenwich Mean Time, Gregorian chant, Greyhound racing, Gross domestic product, Guinness, Guinness Storehouse, Gulliver's Travels, Hallstatt culture, Hamiltonian mechanics, Heating oil, Henry II of England, Henry VIII, Hibernia, Hiberno-English, Hiberno-Scottish mission, High King of Ireland, High-voltage direct current, Hill of Tara, Historical population of Ireland, History of Anglo-Saxon England, History of the Jews in Ireland, Holy Cross Abbey, Home Nations, Horse racing, Horslips, House of Commons of the United Kingdom, House of Tudor, Human Development Index, Hurling, Hydrocarbon exploration, Ice bridge, IDA Ireland, Igneous intrusion, Ilex aquifolium, Illuminated manuscript, Immigration to the United States, Indentured servitude, Independent International Commission on Decommissioning, Independent scientist, Indo-European languages, Induction coil, Industrial Revolution, Interlace (art), InterTradeIreland, Iona, Ireland and World War I, Ireland national rugby union team, Irish Athletic Boxing Association, Irish Citizen Army, Irish Civil War, Irish coffee, Irish cream, Irish Cup, Irish dance, Irish diaspora, Irish elk, Irish Examiner, Irish Famine (1740–1741), Irish Football Association, Irish Free State, Irish Home Rule movement, Irish Independent, Irish language, Irish literature, Irish mythology, Irish nationalism, Irish neutrality, Irish neutrality during World War II, Irish pub, Irish Rebellion, Irish Rebellion of 1798, Irish rebellion of 1803, Irish Republic, Irish Republic (1798), Irish Republican Army, Irish Republican Army (1922–1969), Irish republicanism, Irish Rugby Football Union, Irish Sea, Irish Sign Language, Irish stew, Irish traditional music, Irish Travellers, Irish Volunteers, Irish War of Independence, Irish whiskey, Iron Age, Irreligion, Islam in the Republic of Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy national football team, Iverni, Jack Butler Yeats, Jacobitism, James Joyce, Jewish Virtual Library, Jocelyn Bell Burnell, John B. Cosgrave, John Butler Yeats, John Cockcroft, John Forbes Nash Jr., John Lighton Synge, John McGahern, John Redmond, John Scotus Eriugena, John Stewart Bell, John T. Koch, John Tyndall, John, King of England, Jonathan Swift, Joseph Larmor, K Club, Kale, Karst, Kathleen Lonsdale, Katie Taylor, Kelvin, Kevin Abosch, Kilkenny, Killarney National Park, Kingdom of Breifne, Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Great Britain, Kingdom of Ireland, Kingdom of Meath, Kinsale Head gas field, Lager, Lahinch, Laigin, Lakes of Killarney, Land bridge, Land tenure, Land War, Lansdowne Road, Last Glacial Period, Late Middle Ages, Latin, Latinisation of names, Laudabiliter, Lebor Gabála Érenn, Legislation, Leinster, Leinster Rugby, Limerick, Linen, Lisdoonvarna, List of All-Ireland Senior Football Championship finals, List of European islands by area, List of European islands by population, List of Irish cheeses, List of Irish classical composers, List of islands by area, List of islands of the British Isles, List of kings of Leinster, List of mammals of Ireland, List of settlements on the island of Ireland by population, List of wind farms in the Republic of Ireland, Literary modernism, Local extinction, Local Government Act 2001, Local government in Northern Ireland, Longford, Lord Kelvin, Lordship of Ireland, Loughshinny, Louis le Brocquy, Lurgan, Maasai people, MacGillycuddy's Reeks, Magna Carta, Magners, Mairtine, Malin Head, Manchester University Press, Manx language, Martin McGuinness, Mary II, Mashed potato, Máire Mhac an tSaoi, Máirtín Ó Cadhain, Máirtín Ó Direáin, Múscraige, Medieval Academy of America, Mesolithic, Messiah (Handel), Met Éireann, Metalworking, Metamorphic rock, Michael Carruth, Middle Ages, Middle Irish, Milesians (Irish), Mitochondrial DNA, Monarchy of Ireland, Monarchy of the United Kingdom, Motorsport, Mount Erebus, Mount Stewart, Mountain hare, Multiracial people, Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840, Munster, Munster Rugby, Music of Ireland, Mussel, Names of the British Isles, Names of the Irish state, National Geographic, National monument (Ireland), National Trust, National Volunteers, Navan, Neoclassical architecture, Neolithic Europe, Newgrange, Newtownabbey, Nicholas Callan, Nine Years' War (Ireland), Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize in Physics, Normans, Normans in Ireland, North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland), North Sea oil, North/South Inter-Parliamentary Association, North/South Ministerial Council, Northern Ireland, Northern Ireland Assembly, Northern Ireland Electricity, Northern Ireland Executive, Northern Ireland national football team, Northern Ireland Sign Language, Northwestern Europe, Number theory, Oak, Oath of Allegiance (Ireland), Oceanic climate, OECD, Ogham, Oireachtas, Old Irish, Old Norse, Oliver Goldsmith, Open University, Operation Banner, Ordnance Survey Ireland, Ordovician, Oscar Wilde, Ox, Oxford University Press, Oyster, Paddy Barnes, Paganism, Palladian architecture, Palladius (bishop of Ireland), Papal bull, Parliament of Ireland, Parliament of the United Kingdom, Parliamentary system, Partition of Ireland, Partraige, Patron saints of places, Pádraig Harrington, Peat, Penal laws (Ireland), Penal transportation, Penguin Books, Peter's Pence, PGA Championship, Physicist, Physics World, Phytogeography, Pinus sylvestris, Plantation, Plantations of Ireland, Plurality voting, Polish people, Pope Adrian IV, Pope Alexander III, Pope Celestine I, Populus tremula, Porter (beer), Post-2008 Irish economic downturn, Pound sterling, Poynings' Law (on certification of acts), Premier League, Presbyterianism, President of Ireland, Prestel Publishing, Primacy of Ireland, Prime number, Privy Council of England, Prohibition in the United States, Protestant Ascendancy, Protestantism, Proto-Indo-European language, Provinces of Ireland, Provisional Irish Republican Army, Ptolemy, Quaternion, R. F. Foster (historian), Radiocarbon dating, Red deer, Red fox, Red lemonade, Relative sea level, Religion in Ireland, Renewable energy, Republic of Ireland, Republic of Ireland national football team, Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Richard Cantillon, Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Ritual warfare, River Shannon, Rivers of Ireland, Robert Boyle, Robert Emmet, Robert Peel, Rock of Cashel, Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829, Rory McIlroy, Rough Guides, Royal charter, RTÉ, Rugby football, Rugby union, Rugby World Cup, Safefood, Saint Patrick, Salmon, Samuel Beckett, Satellite imagery, Scotch whisky, Scotia, Scotland, Scottish Gaelic, Scottish Highlands, Scottish people, Scottish Premier League, Scuba diving, Seamus Heaney, Sean Scully, Seanad Éireann, Seán Ó Riada, Seán O'Casey, Sebastian Barry, Second Dáil, Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, Sectarianism, Sedulius Scottus, Shelta, Show jumping, Silurian, Silvermines, Sinéad O'Connor, Single market, Sinn Féin, Six Nations Championship, Skellig Michael, Society of United Irishmen, Soghain, Sonia O'Sullivan, Sorbus aucuparia, South magnetic pole, Southern Uplands, Sovereign state, Special EU Programmes Body, Sporobolus anglicus, St George's Channel, St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, St Patrick's Pontifical University, Maynooth, St. Martin's Press, Statute of Westminster 1931, Statutes of Kilkenny, String instrument, Strokestown Park, Subtropics, Sunningdale Agreement, Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, Sweeney's Men, Synod of Kells, T. 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B. 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