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Ismail Kadare, the Glossary

Ismail Kadare (28 January 1936 – 1 July 2024) was an Albanian novelist, poet, essayist, screenwriter, and playwright.^[1]

191 relations: A Girl in Exile, Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques, Académie Mallarmé, Academy of Albanological Studies, Academy of Arts, Berlin, Academy of Sciences of Albania, Aeschylus, Agamemnon's Daughter, Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939), Albanian language, Albanian literature, Albanian paganism, Albanian–Chinese split, Albert Camus, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Allegory, America Award in Literature, Atheism, Éditions Albin Michel, BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language, Balkans, Bard, Behind the Sun (film), Bejtexhi, Bektashi Order, Benito Mussolini, Berat, Bertrand Tavernier, Besiana Kadare, Broken April, Bujar Lako, Bujar Nishani, Central Albania, Chronicle in Stone, Claude Durand, Communism, Copyright, Cuba, Cultural and Ideological Revolution, Dante Alighieri, David Bellos, De-Stalinization, Defection, Dhimitër Anagnosti, Dobi, Doruntine (novel), Drita (magazine), Dritëro Agolli, Dystopia, Elegy for Kosovo, ... Expand index (141 more) »
21st-century Albanian poets
21st-century Albanian writers
Albanian anti-communists
Albanian atheists
Albanian dramatists and playwrights
Albanian expatriates in France
Albanian former Muslims
Albanian male short story writers
Albanian novelists
Albanian short story writers
Members of the Academy of Sciences of Albania
Writers from Tirana

A Girl in Exile

A Girl in Exile: Requiem for Linda B. is a novel by Albanian author Ismail Kadare.

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Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques

The (Academy of Moral and Political Sciences) is a French learned society. Ismail Kadare and Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques are members of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques.

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Académie Mallarmé

The Académie Mallarmé is a French literary academy of writers and poets, founded in 1937.

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Academy of Albanological Studies

The Academy of Albanological Studies (AAS) (Akademia e Studimeve Albanologjike; stylised asa) is the main institution of albanology in Albania.

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Academy of Arts, Berlin

The Academy of Arts (Akademie der Künste) is a state arts institution in Berlin, Germany.

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Academy of Sciences of Albania

The Academy of Sciences of Albania (Akademia e Shkencave e Shqipërisë), founded in 1972, is the most important scientific institution in Albania.

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Aeschylus

Aeschylus (Αἰσχύλος; /524 – /455 BC) was an ancient Greek tragedian often described as the father of tragedy.

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Agamemnon's Daughter

Agamemnon's Daughter (Vajza e Agamemnonit) is a 2003 novella by the Albanian writer and inaugural International Man Booker Prize winner Ismail Kadare.

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Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)

The Albanian Kingdom (Tosk Albanian: Mbretëria Shqiptare) was the official name of Albania between 1928 and 1939.

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Albanian language

Albanian (endonym: shqip, gjuha shqipe, or arbërisht) is an Indo-European language and the only surviving representative of the Albanoid branch, which belongs to the Paleo-Balkan group.

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Albanian literature

Albanian literature stretches back to the Middle Ages and comprises those literary texts and works written in Albanian.

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Albanian paganism

Albanian paganism comprises the pagan customs, beliefs, rituals, myths and legends of the Albanian people.

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Albanian–Chinese split

The Albanian–Chinese split or Sino–Albanian split was the gradual worsening of relations between the People's Socialist Republic of Albania and the People's Republic of China in the period 1972–1978.

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Albert Camus

Albert Camus (7 November 1913 – 4 January 1960) was a French philosopher, author, dramatist, journalist, world federalist, and political activist. Ismail Kadare and Albert Camus are 20th-century atheists.

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn (11 December 1918 – 3 August 2008) was a Russian author and Soviet dissident who helped to raise global awareness of political repression in the Soviet Union, especially the Gulag prison system.

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Allegory

As a literary device or artistic form, an allegory is a narrative or visual representation in which a character, place, or event can be interpreted to represent a meaning with moral or political significance.

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America Award in Literature

The America Award is a lifetime achievement literary award for international writers.

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Atheism

Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities.

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Éditions Albin Michel

Éditions Albin Michel is a French publisher.

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BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language

The BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards.

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Balkans

The Balkans, corresponding partially with the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions.

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Bard

In Celtic cultures, a bard is a professional story teller, verse-maker, music composer, oral historian and genealogist, employed by a patron (such as a monarch or chieftain) to commemorate one or more of the patron's ancestors and to praise the patron's own activities.

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Behind the Sun (film)

Behind the Sun (Abril Despedaçado) is a 2001 social drama film directed by Walter Salles, produced by Arthur Cohn, and starring Rodrigo Santoro.

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Bejtexhi

A bejtexhi (a compound of bejte and -xhi; plural: bejtexhinj) was a popular bard of the Muslim tradition in Ottoman Albania.

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Bektashi Order

The Bektashi Order or Bektashism is an Islamic Sufi mystic order originating in the 13th-century Ottoman Empire.

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Benito Mussolini

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian dictator who founded and led the National Fascist Party (PNF). Ismail Kadare and Benito Mussolini are 20th-century atheists.

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Berat

Berat (Berati) is the ninth most populous city of Albania and the seat of Berat County and Berat Municipality.

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Bertrand Tavernier

Bertrand Tavernier (25 April 1941 – 25 March 2021) was a French film director, screenwriter, and producer.

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Besiana Kadare

Besiana Kadare is an Albanian diplomat.

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Broken April

Broken April is a novel by Albanian author Ismail Kadare.

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Bujar Lako

Bujar Lako (23 May 1946 – 26 December 2016) was an Albanian actor.

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Bujar Nishani

Bujar Faik Nishani (29 September 1966 – 28 May 2022) was an Albanian politician.

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Central Albania

Central Albania (Shqipëria Qendrore) is one of the three NUTS-2 Regions of Albania.

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Chronicle in Stone

Chronicle in Stone (Kronikë në gur) is a novel by Albanian author Ismail Kadare.

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Claude Durand

Claude Durand (1938–2015) was a French publisher, translator and writer.

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Communism

Communism (from Latin label) is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products to everyone in the society based on need.

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Copyright

A copyright is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the exclusive legal right to copy, distribute, adapt, display, and perform a creative work, usually for a limited time.

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Cuba

Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba, Isla de la Juventud, archipelagos, 4,195 islands and cays surrounding the main island.

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Cultural and Ideological Revolution

The Cultural and Ideological Revolution or Cultural Revolution was a period of political and social change in the People's Socialist Republic of Albania, launched by Enver Hoxha, the First Secretary of the Party of Labour of Albania (PPSH) at the time.

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Dante Alighieri

Dante Alighieri (– September 14, 1321), most likely baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri and widely known and often referred to in English mononymously as Dante, was an Italian poet, writer, and philosopher.

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David Bellos

David Bellos (born 1945) is a British academic, translator and biographer.

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De-Stalinization

De-Stalinization (translit) comprised a series of political reforms in the Soviet Union after the death of long-time leader Joseph Stalin in 1953, and the thaw brought about by ascension of Nikita Khrushchev to power, and his 1956 secret speech "On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences", which denounced Stalin's cult of personality and the Stalinist political system.

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Defection

In politics, a defector is a person who gives up allegiance to one state in exchange for allegiance to another, changing sides in a way which is considered illegitimate by the first state.

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Dhimitër Anagnosti

Dhimitër Anagnosti (born 23 January 1936) is an Albanian film director of the 20th century.

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Dobi

Dobi is a family name (surname) originating in Hungary.

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Doruntine (novel)

Doruntine or Who brought Dorontine (originally in Kush e solli Doruntinën) is a novel by Albanian writer Ismail Kadare.

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Drita (magazine)

Drita (Drita meaning "the light" in English) is an Albanian literary magazine published by the Association of the Young Modern Artists of Albania (Shoqëria e Artistëve të Rinj Modernë).

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Dritëro Agolli

Dritëro Agolli (13 October 1931 – 3 February 2017) was an Albanian poet, writer and politician. Ismail Kadare and Dritëro Agolli are 20th-century Albanian poets, 21st-century Albanian poets and Albanian novelists.

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Dystopia

A dystopia, also called a cacotopia or anti-utopia, is a community or society that is extremely bad or frightening.

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Elegy for Kosovo

Elegy for Kosovo (lit) is an Albanian novel written by Ismail Kadare.

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Emmanuel Macron

Emmanuel Jean-Michel Frédéric Macron (born 21 December 1977) is a French politician who has been serving as the 25th president of France since 2017 and ex officio one of the two Co-Princes of Andorra.

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Enver Hoxha

Enver Hoxha (16 October 190811 April 1985) was an Albanian communist politician who was the ruler of Albania from 1944 until his death in 1985. Ismail Kadare and Enver Hoxha are 20th-century atheists, Albanian atheists, Albanian former Muslims and people from Gjirokastër.

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Ernest Hemingway

Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American novelist, short-story writer and journalist.

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Fable

Fable is a literary genre defined as a succinct fictional story, in prose or verse, that features animals, legendary creatures, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature that are anthropomorphized, and that illustrates or leads to a particular moral lesson (a "moral"), which may at the end be added explicitly as a concise maxim or saying.

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Fayard

Fayard (complete name: Librairie Arthème Fayard) is a French Paris-based publishing house established in 1857.

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Feud

A feud, also known in more extreme cases as a blood feud, vendetta, faida, clan war, gang war, private war, or mob war, is a long-running argument or fight, often between social groups of people, especially families or clans.

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Folklore

Folklore is the body of expressive culture shared by a particular group of people, culture or subculture.

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François Hollande

François Gérard Georges Nicolas Hollande (born 12 August 1954) is a French politician who served as President of France from 2012 to 2017.

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Franz Kafka

Franz Kafka (3 July 1883 – 3 June 1924) was a German-language novelist and writer from Prague.

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Fyodor Dostoevsky

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. Ѳедоръ Михайловичъ Достоевскій.|Fyodor Mikhaylovich Dostoyevskiy|p.

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Gabriel García Márquez

Gabriel José de la Concordia García Márquez (6 March 1927 – 17 April 2014) was a Colombian novelist, short-story writer, screenwriter, and journalist, known affectionately as Gabo or Gabito throughout Latin America. Ismail Kadare and Gabriel García Márquez are 20th-century short story writers and 21st-century short story writers.

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George Orwell

Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950) was a British novelist, poet, essayist, journalist, and critic who wrote under the pen name of George Orwell, a name inspired by his favourite place River Orwell. Ismail Kadare and George Orwell are 20th-century atheists.

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Gjirokastër

Gjirokastër (Gjirokastra) is a city in southern Albania and the seat of Gjirokastër County and Gjirokastër Municipality.

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Gjirokastër Fortress

Gjirokastër Castle (Albanian: Kalaja e Gjirokastrës or Kalaja e Argjirosë) is a fortress in Gjirokastër, Albania (during Ottoman rule it was historically known as Ergiri while local Greeks referred to it as Argyrokastro, a name applied also to the castle).

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Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film

The Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film is a Golden Globe Award presented by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association to reward theatrically-released feature film not in the English language.

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Great Purge

The Great Purge, or the Great Terror (translit), also known as the Year of '37 (label) and the Yezhovshchina (label), was Soviet General Secretary Joseph Stalin's campaign to consolidate power over the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Soviet state.

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Great Pyramid of Giza

The Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest Egyptian pyramid.

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Helena Kadare

Helena "Elena" Kadare (born 21 September 1943) is an Albanian screenwriter, translator and author of short stories and novels. Ismail Kadare and Helena Kadare are 20th-century Albanian writers, 20th-century novelists, 21st-century Albanian writers, Albanian expatriates in France, Albanian novelists and Albanian-language writers.

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Henri Amouroux

Henri Amouroux (1 July 1920 in Périgueux, Dordogne – 5 August 2007 in Le Mesnil-Mauger) was a French historian and journalist. Ismail Kadare and Henri Amouroux are members of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques.

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Herder Prize

The Herder Prize (Gottfried-von-Herder-Preis), named after the German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder (1744–1803), was a prestigious international prize awarded every year from 1964 to 2006 to scholars and artists from Central and Southeast Europe whose life and work have contributed to the cultural understanding of European countries and their peaceful interrelations.

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History of Albania

During classical antiquity, Albania was home to several Illyrian tribes such as the Albanoi, Ardiaei, Bylliones, Dassaretii, Enchele, Labeatae, Taulantii, Parthini, Penestae, Amantes, and many others, but also Bryges and Epirote tribes, as well as several Greek colonies established on the Illyrian coast in cooperation with the local Illyrians, notably Epidamnos-Dyrrhachium and Apollonia.

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History of the Jews in Albania

The history of the Jews in Albania dates back about 2,000 years.

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History of the Soviet Union (1953–1964)

In the USSR, during the eleven-year period from the death of Joseph Stalin (1953) to the political ouster of Nikita Khrushchev (1964), the national politics were dominated by the Cold War, including the U.S.–USSR struggle for the global spread of their respective socio-economic systems and ideology, and the defense of hegemonic spheres of influence.

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Honor of the Nation Decoration

The "Honor of the Nation" Decoration (Dekorata "Nderi i Kombit") is the highest decoration to be given in Albania, among the Civil awards and decorations of Albania, and was instituted by special law No.

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Honoré de Balzac

Honoré de Balzac (more commonly,; born Honoré Balzac;Jean-Louis Dega, La vie prodigieuse de Bernard-François Balssa, père d'Honoré de Balzac: Aux sources historiques de La Comédie humaine, Rodez, Subervie, 1998, 665 p. 20 May 1799 – 18 August 1850) was a French novelist and playwright.

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Independent Foreign Fiction Prize

The Independent Foreign Fiction Prize (1990–2015) was a British literary award.

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Institut de France

The paren) is a French learned society, grouping five académies, including the. It was established in 1795 at the direction of the National Convention. Located on the Quai de Conti in the 6th arrondissement of Paris, the institute manages approximately 1,000 foundations, as well as museums and châteaux open for visit.

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International Booker Prize

The International Booker Prize (formerly known as the Man Booker International Prize) is an international literary award hosted in the United Kingdom.

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Islam in Albania

Islam arrived in Albania mainly during the Ottoman period when the majority of Albanians over time converted to Islam under Ottoman rule, but Islam was introduced to Albanians back in the 8th century during trades.

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Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)

The Italian protectorate of Albania, also known as Italian Albania, the Kingdom of Albania or Greater Albania, existed as a puppet state and protectorate of Fascist Italy.

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Jean-Paul Sartre

Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980) was a French philosopher, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, political activist, biographer, and literary critic, considered a leading figure in 20th-century French philosophy and Marxism. Ismail Kadare and Jean-Paul Sartre are 20th-century atheists.

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Jerusalem Prize

The Jerusalem Prize for the Freedom of the Individual in Society is a biennial literary award given to writers whose works have dealt with themes of human freedom in society.

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John Updike

John Hoyer Updike (March 18, 1932 – January 27, 2009) was an American novelist, poet, short-story writer, art critic, and literary critic. Ismail Kadare and John Updike are Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.

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Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. Ismail Kadare and Joseph Stalin are 20th-century atheists.

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Jusuf Vrioni

Jusuf Vrioni (16 March 1916 – 1 June 2001) was an Albanian athlete, translator, diplomat, and Albanian ambassador to UNESCO.

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Kadare Prize

The Kadare Prize (Çmimi Kadare), established in 2015, is a literary prize awarded annually to a work by an Albanian author.

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Kapka Kassabova

Kapka Kassabova (born in November 1973, in Bulgarian Капка Касабова) is a poet and writer of fiction and narrative non-fiction.

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Karen Blixen

Baroness Karen Christenze von Blixen-Finecke (born Dinesen; 17 April 1885 – 7 September 1962) was a Danish author who wrote in Danish and English.

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Karl Popper

Sir Karl Raimund Popper (28 July 1902 – 17 September 1994) was an Austrian–British philosopher, academic and social commentator.

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Khawaja

Khawaja is an honorific title used across the Middle East, South Asia, Southeast Asia and Central Asia, particularly towards Sufi teachers.

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Kuusankoski

Kuusankoski is a neighbourhood of city of Kouvola, former industrial town and municipality of Finland, located in the region of Kymenlaakso in the province of Southern Finland.

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League of Prizren

The League of Prizren (Besëlidhja e Prizrenit), officially the League for the Defense of the Rights of the Albanian Nation (Lidhja për mbrojtjen e të drejtave te kombit Shqiptar), was an Albanian political organization that was officially founded on June 10, 1878 in the old town of Prizren in the Kosovo Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire.

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League of Writers and Artists of Albania

The League of Writers and Artists of Albania (Lidhja e Shkrimtarëve dhe Artistëve të Shqipërisë – LSHASH) is a non-profit organization founded with the goal of promoting and advancing the literary and artistic creativity of Albanian writers and artists, as well as to assess and reassess the finest works of art in the following disciplines: music, painting, sculpture and literature.

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Legend

A legend is a genre of folklore that consists of a narrative featuring human actions, believed or perceived to have taken place in human history.

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Legion of Honour

The National Order of the Legion of Honour (Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour (Ordre royal de la Légion d'honneur), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil, and currently comprises five classes.

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Life and Nothing But

Life and Nothing But (La vie et rien d'autre) is a 1989 French film directed by Bertrand Tavernier.

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List of literary works by number of translations

This is a list of the most translated literary works (including novels, plays, series, collections of poems or short stories, and essays and other forms of literary non-fiction) sorted by the number of languages into which they have been translated.

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List of refugees

This is a list of prominent people who fled their native country, went into exile and found refuge in another country.

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Luciano Tovoli

Luciano Tovoli (born 30 October 1936) is an Italian cinematographer and filmmaker.

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Macbeth

Macbeth (full title The Tragedie of Macbeth) is a tragedy by William Shakespeare.

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Magic realism

Magic realism, magical realism or marvelous realism is a style or genre of fiction and art that presents a realistic view of the world while incorporating magical elements, often blurring the lines between fantasy and reality.

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Manual labour

Manual labour (in Commonwealth English, manual labor in American English) or manual work is physical work done by humans, in contrast to labour by machines and working animals.

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Marcello Mastroianni

Marcello Vincenzo Domenico Mastroianni (28 September 1924 – 19 December 1996) was an Italian film actor and one of the country's most iconic male performers of the 20th century.

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Mark Twain

Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910), known by the pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, and essayist.

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Maxim Gorky Literature Institute

The Maxim Gorky Literature Institute (Литературный институт им.) is an institution of higher education in Moscow, Russia.

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Media Information Agency (MIA; Медиумска информативна агенција, translit Mediumska Informativna Agencija) is a public information service of North Macedonia.

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Mehmet Shehu

Mehmet Ismail Shehu (January 10, 1913 – December 18, 1981) was an Albanian communist politician who served as the Prime Minister of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania from 1954 to 1981. Ismail Kadare and Mehmet Shehu are Albanian atheists and Albanian former Muslims.

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Michel Piccoli

Jacques Daniel Michel Piccoli (27 December 1925 – 12 May 2020) was a French actor, producer and film director with a career spanning 70 years.

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Miguel de Cervantes

Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (29 September 1547 (assumed) – 22 April 1616 NS) was an Early Modern Spanish writer widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of the world's pre-eminent novelists.

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Milan Kundera

Milan Kundera (1 April 1929 – 11 July 2023) was a Czech and French novelist. Ismail Kadare and Milan Kundera are Herder Prize recipients.

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National Flag Decoration

The National Flag Decoration (Dekorata e Flamurit Kombëtar) is one of the highest decorations to be given in Albania, among the Civil awards and decorations of Albania, and was instituted by special law Nr.8113, of 28 March 1996.

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National Theatre of Opera and Ballet of Albania

The National Theatre of Opera and Ballet of Albania (Albanian: Teatri Kombëtar i Operas dhe Baletit - TKOB) is a theatre in Tirana, Albania.

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Nazism

Nazism, formally National Socialism (NS; Nationalsozialismus), is the far-right totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany.

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Neustadt International Prize for Literature

The Neustadt International Prize for Literature is a biennial award for literature sponsored by the University of Oklahoma and its international literary publication, World Literature Today.

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Nikolai Gogol

Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol was a Russian novelist, short story writer, and playwright of Ukrainian origin. Gogol used the grotesque in his writings, for example in his works "The Nose", "Viy", "The Overcoat", and "Nevsky Prospekt". These stories, and others such as "Diary of a Madman", have also been noted for their proto-surrealist qualities.

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Nobel Prize in Literature

The Nobel Prize in Literature (here meaning for literature; Nobelpriset i litteratur) is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, "in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction" (original den som inom litteraturen har producerat det utmärktaste i idealisk riktning).

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Nomenklatura

The nomenklatura (a; from nomenclatura, system of names) were a category of people within the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries who held various key administrative positions in the bureaucracy, running all spheres of those countries' activity: government, industry, agriculture, education, etc., whose positions were granted only with approval by the communist party of each country or region.

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North Korea

North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia.

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Northern Albania

Northern Albania (Shqipëria Veriore) is one of the three NUTS-2 Regions of Albania.

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Onufri Publishing House

Onufri Publishing House is an independent Albanian publishing house with its centre in Tirana, Albania and a branch office in Pristina.

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Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.

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Ovid Prize

The Ovid Prize, established in 2002, is a literary prize awarded annually to an author from any country, in recognition of a body of work.

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Parable

A parable is a succinct, didactic story, in prose or verse, that illustrates one or more instructive lessons or principles.

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Park Kyong-ni Prize

Park Kyong-ni Prize (Korean: 박경리 문학상) is an international literary award based in South Korea.

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Party of Labour of Albania

The Party of Labour of Albania (PLA), also referred to as the Albanian Workers' Party (AWP), was the ruling and sole legal party of Albania during the communist period (1945–1991).

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The People's Socialist Republic of Albania (Republika Popullore Socialiste e Shqipërisë), officially the People's Republic of Albania from 1946 until 1976, and from 1991 to 1992 as the Republic of Albania, was the one-party communist state in Albania from 1946 to 1991.

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Philippe Noiret

Philippe Noiret (1 October 1930 – 23 November 2006) was a French film actor.

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Pionieri

Pionieri was a monthly magazine published in communist Albania, by the Pioneers of Enver organization, also called Central Committee of the Union of Albanian Working Youth.

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Politburo of the Party of Labour of Albania

The Politburo was the leading organ of the Party of Labour of Albania.

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Premi Flaiano

The Premi Flaiano (English: Flaiano Prizes) are a set of Italian international awards recognizing achievements in the fields of creative writing, cinema, theatre and radio-television.

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President of Albania

The president of Albania (Presidenti i Shqipërisë), officially styled the President of the Republic of Albania (Presidenti i Republikës së Shqipërisë), is the head of state, commander-in-chief of the military and the representative of the unity of the Albanian people.

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President of Kosovo

The president of the Republic of Kosovo (Presidenti i Republikës së Kosovës), is the head of state and chief representative of the Republic of Kosovo in the country and abroad.

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Princess Argjiro

Princess Argjiro or Argyro (Princesha Argjiro; Πριγγίπισα or Αρχόντισσα Αργυρώ) is a legendary figure in Albanian.

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Princess of Asturias Awards

The Princess of Asturias Awards (Premios Princesa de Asturias, Premios Princesa d'Asturies), formerly the Prince of Asturias Awards from 1981 to 2014 (Premios Príncipe de Asturias), are a series of annual prizes awarded in Spain by the Princess of Asturias Foundation (previously the Prince of Asturias Foundation) to individuals, entities or organizations from around the world who make notable achievements in the sciences, humanities, and public affairs.

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Prix mondial Cino Del Duca

The Prix mondial Cino Del Duca (Cino Del Duca World Prize) is an international literary award.

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Proletariat

The proletariat is the social class of wage-earners, those members of a society whose only possession of significant economic value is their labour power (their capacity to work).

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Ramiz Alia

Ramiz Alia (18 October 1925 – 7 October 2011) was an Albanian politician serving as the second and last leader of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania from 1985 to 1991, serving as First Secretary of the Party of Labour of Albania.

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Revenge

Revenge is defined as committing a harmful action against a person or group in response to a grievance, be it real or perceived.

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Rexhai Surroi

Rexhai Surroi (Redžaji Suroji; 8 June 1929 – 22 December 1988) was a Yugoslav Albanian journalist, diplomat and writer.

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Richard Eder

Richard Gray Eder (August 16, 1932 – November 21, 2014) was an American film reviewer and a drama critic.

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Right of asylum

The right of asylum, sometimes called right of political asylum (asylum), is an ancient juridical concept, under which people persecuted by their own rulers might be protected by another sovereign authority, such as a second country or another entity which in medieval times could offer sanctuary.

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Robert Elsie

Robert Elsie (June 29, 1950 – October 2, 2017) was a Canadian-born German scholar who specialized in Albanian literature and folklore.

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Rodrigo Santoro

Rodrigo Junqueira Reis Santoro (born 22 August 1975) is a Brazilian actor, voice actor and model.

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Seventy-fifth session of the United Nations General Assembly

The Seventy-fifth session of the United Nations General Assembly was the session of the United Nations General Assembly which ran from 16 September 2020 to 15 September 2021.

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Shefki Hysa

Shefki Mazar Hysa (born on 20 July 1957 to Ersekë, Kolonjë District) is an Albanian writer and journalist. Ismail Kadare and Shefki Hysa are 20th-century Albanian writers, 21st-century Albanian writers and Albanian male writers.

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Shekulli

Shekulli (Century) is a daily newspaper published in Albania.

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Sigurimi

The Directorate of State Security (DSSh) commonly called the Sigurimi, was the state security, intelligence and secret police service of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania.

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Skanderbeg

Gjergj Kastrioti (17 January 1468), commonly known as Skanderbeg, was an Albanian feudal lord and military commander who led a rebellion against the Ottoman Empire in what is today Albania, North Macedonia, Greece, Kosovo, Montenegro, and Serbia. Ismail Kadare and Skanderbeg are Albanian former Muslims.

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Socialist realism was the official cultural doctrine of the Soviet Union that mandated an idealized representation of life under socialism in literature and the visual arts.

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Southern Albania

Southern Albania (Shqipëria jugore) is one of the three NUTS-2 Regions of Albania.

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Spiritus (novel)

Spiritus is a 1996 novel by the Albanian writer Ismail Kadare.

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Spring Flowers, Spring Frost

Spring Flowers, Spring Frost is a 2000 novel by Albanian author Ismail Kadare set in the 1990s when feuding and vendetta had returned to the country after the fall of the communist regime.

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Stalinism

Stalinism is the totalitarian means of governing and Marxist–Leninist policies implemented in the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1927 to 1953 by dictator Joseph Stalin.

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State funeral

A state funeral is a public funeral ceremony, observing the strict rules of protocol, held to honour people of national significance.

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Stendhal University

Stendhal University (Université Stendhal, also known as Grenoble III) was a university located in the outskirts of Grenoble, France that offered courses in foreign languages and cultures, ancient and modern literature, language and communication sciences.

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Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy)

The distinction between subjectivity and objectivity is a basic idea of philosophy, particularly epistemology and metaphysics.

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The Blinding Order

The Blinding Order (lit) is a short novel written by Ismail Kadare in 1984 and published in 1991, shortly after the collapse of the hoxhaist regime in Albania.

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The Christian Science Monitor

The Christian Science Monitor (CSM), commonly known as The Monitor, is a nonprofit news organization that publishes daily articles both in electronic format and a weekly print edition.

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The Concert (Kadare)

The Concert is a 1988 historical novel by Ismail Kadare.

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The Doll: A Portrait of My Mother

The Doll: A Portrait of My Mother (Kukulla) is an autobiographical novel sketching Albanian author Ismail Kadare's relationship with his mother.

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The Fall of the Stone City

The Fall of the Stone City (Darka e gabuar) is a 2008 novel by the Albanian writer Ismail Kadare.

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The File on H.

The File on H. is a novel by the Albanian author Ismail Kadare.

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The General of the Dead Army (film)

The General of the Dead Army (Il generale dell'armata morta) is a 1983 Italian drama film directed by Luciano Tovoli and based on the 1963 novel by Albanian author Ismail Kadare.

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The General of the Dead Army (novel)

The General of the Dead Army (Gjenerali i ushtrisë së vdekur) is a 1963 novel by then 26-year-old Albanian writer Ismail Kadare and his most critically acclaimed.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The Holocaust

The Holocaust was the genocide of European Jews during World War II.

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The Holocaust in Albania

The Holocaust in Albania consisted of crimes committed against Jews in Albania while Albania was under Italian and German occupation during World War II.

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The Independent

The Independent is a British online newspaper.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

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The New Yorker

The New Yorker is an American magazine featuring journalism, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry.

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The Palace of Dreams

The Palace of Dreams (Pallati i ëndrrave) is a 1981 novel by the Albanian writer Ismail Kadare.

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The Pyramid (Kadare novel)

The Pyramid is a 1992 novel written by Ismail Kadare.

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The Return of the Dead Army

The Return of the Dead Army (Kthimi i ushtrisë së vdekur) is a 1989 black comedy Albanian film, directed by Dhimitër Anagnosti and based on the acclaimed novel The General of the Dead Army by Albanian author Ismail Kadare.

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The Siege (Kadare novel)

The Siege is a historical novel by Albanian author Ismail Kadare, first published in 1970 in Tirana as Kështjella (The Castle).

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The Successor (novel)

The Successor (Pasardhësi) is a 2003 novel by the Albanian writer and inaugural International Man Booker Prize winner Ismail Kadare.

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The Three-Arched Bridge

The Three Arched Bridge (Ura me tri harqe) is a 1978 novel by Albanian author Ismail Kadare.

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The Times

The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London.

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The Traitor's Niche

The Traitor's Niche (Albanian: Kamarja e turpit) is a historical novel by the Albanian author Ismail Kadare.

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Tirana

Tirana (Tirona) is the capital and largest city of Albania.

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Totalitarianism

Totalitarianism is a political system and a form of government that prohibits opposition political parties, disregards and outlaws the political claims of individual and group opposition to the state, and controls the public sphere and the private sphere of society.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Kadare

Also known as Ismajl Kadare.

, Emmanuel Macron, Enver Hoxha, Ernest Hemingway, Fable, Fayard, Feud, Folklore, François Hollande, Franz Kafka, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Gabriel García Márquez, George Orwell, Gjirokastër, Gjirokastër Fortress, Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film, Great Purge, Great Pyramid of Giza, Helena Kadare, Henri Amouroux, Herder Prize, History of Albania, History of the Jews in Albania, History of the Soviet Union (1953–1964), Honor of the Nation Decoration, Honoré de Balzac, Independent Foreign Fiction Prize, Institut de France, International Booker Prize, Islam in Albania, Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943), Jean-Paul Sartre, Jerusalem Prize, John Updike, Joseph Stalin, Jusuf Vrioni, Kadare Prize, Kapka Kassabova, Karen Blixen, Karl Popper, Khawaja, Kuusankoski, League of Prizren, League of Writers and Artists of Albania, Legend, Legion of Honour, Life and Nothing But, List of literary works by number of translations, List of refugees, Luciano Tovoli, Macbeth, Magic realism, Manual labour, Marcello Mastroianni, Mark Twain, Maxim Gorky Literature Institute, Media Information Agency, Mehmet Shehu, Michel Piccoli, Miguel de Cervantes, Milan Kundera, National Flag Decoration, National Theatre of Opera and Ballet of Albania, Nazism, Neustadt International Prize for Literature, Nikolai Gogol, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nomenklatura, North Korea, Northern Albania, Onufri Publishing House, Ottoman Empire, Ovid Prize, Parable, Park Kyong-ni Prize, Party of Labour of Albania, People's Socialist Republic of Albania, Philippe Noiret, Pionieri, Politburo of the Party of Labour of Albania, Premi Flaiano, President of Albania, President of Kosovo, Princess Argjiro, Princess of Asturias Awards, Prix mondial Cino Del Duca, Proletariat, Ramiz Alia, Revenge, Rexhai Surroi, Richard Eder, Right of asylum, Robert Elsie, Rodrigo Santoro, Seventy-fifth session of the United Nations General Assembly, Shefki Hysa, Shekulli, Sigurimi, Skanderbeg, Socialist realism, Southern Albania, Spiritus (novel), Spring Flowers, Spring Frost, Stalinism, State funeral, Stendhal University, Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy), The Blinding Order, The Christian Science Monitor, The Concert (Kadare), The Doll: A Portrait of My Mother, The Fall of the Stone City, The File on H., The General of the Dead Army (film), The General of the Dead Army (novel), The Guardian, The Holocaust, The Holocaust in Albania, The Independent, The New York Times, The New Yorker, The Palace of Dreams, The Pyramid (Kadare novel), The Return of the Dead Army, The Siege (Kadare novel), The Successor (novel), The Three-Arched Bridge, The Times, The Traitor's Niche, Tirana, Totalitarianism, Twilight of the Eastern Gods, United Nations General Assembly, Universal Copyright Convention, University of Palermo, University of Pristina, University of Tirana, Vjosa Osmani, Walter Salles, When Rulers Quarrel, William Shakespeare, Zog I.

Ismail Kadare, the Glossary

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