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Italian Social Republic, the Glossary

The Italian Social Republic (Repubblica Sociale Italiana,; RSI), known prior to December 1943 as the National Republican State of Italy (Stato Nazionale Repubblicano d'Italia; SNRI), but more popularly known as the Republic of Salò (Repubblica di Salò), was a German Fascist puppet state with limited diplomatic recognition that was created during the latter part of World War II.^[1]

257 relations: A. James Gregor, Abolition of monarchy, Abruzzo, Adolf Hitler, Adriatic Sea, Air force, Alessandro Pavolini, Alfredo Guzzoni, Allegory, Allied invasion of Sicily, Allies of World War II, Argentina, Armistice of Cassibile, Army Liguria, Arrigo Petacco, Axis powers, Bank of Italy, Battaglioni M, Battle of Anzio, Battle of Collecchio, Battle of Garfagnana, Battle of Stalingrad, Bavaria, Bellagio, Lombardy, Belluno, Benito Mussolini, Beretta Model 38, Bernardo Bertolucci, Bersaglieri, BETASOM, Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890, Black Brigades, Black Sea, Blackshirts, Bolzano, Bomber, Bombing of Rome in World War II, Bordeaux, Brazilian Expeditionary Force, Brescia, Brigadier general, Carlo Pareschi, Cassibile (village), Catholic Church, CB-class midget submarine, Ceasefire, Central Italy, Concentration camp, Corriere della Sera, De jure, ... Expand index (207 more) »
1943 establishments in Italy
1945 disestablishments in Italy
Client states of Nazi Germany
Rump states
States and territories established in 1943
Totalitarian states

A. James Gregor

Anthony James Gregor (April 2, 1929 – August 30, 2019) was an American political scientist and eugenicist and professor of political science at the University of California, Berkeley, known for his research on fascism, Marxism, and national security.

See Italian Social Republic and A. James Gregor

Abolition of monarchy

The abolition of monarchy is a legislative or revolutionary movement to abolish monarchical elements in government, usually hereditary.

See Italian Social Republic and Abolition of monarchy

Abruzzo

Abruzzo (Abbrùzze, Abbrìzze or Abbrèzze; Abbrùzzu), historically known as Abruzzi, is a region of Southern Italy with an area of 10,763 square km (4,156 sq mi) and a population of 1.3 million.

See Italian Social Republic and Abruzzo

Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945.

See Italian Social Republic and Adolf Hitler

Adriatic Sea

The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan Peninsula.

See Italian Social Republic and Adriatic Sea

Air force

An air force in the broadest sense is the national military branch that primarily conducts aerial warfare.

See Italian Social Republic and Air force

Alessandro Pavolini

Alessandro Pavolini (27 September 1903 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician, journalist, and essayist.

See Italian Social Republic and Alessandro Pavolini

Alfredo Guzzoni

Alfredo Guzzoni (12 April 1877 – 15 April 1965) was an Italian military officer who served in both World War I and World War II.

See Italian Social Republic and Alfredo Guzzoni

Allegory

As a literary device or artistic form, an allegory is a narrative or visual representation in which a character, place, or event can be interpreted to represent a meaning with moral or political significance.

See Italian Social Republic and Allegory

Allied invasion of Sicily

The Allied invasion of Sicily, also known as the Battle of Sicily and Operation Husky, was a major campaign of World War II in which the Allied forces invaded the island of Sicily in July 1943 and took it from the Axis powers (Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany).

See Italian Social Republic and Allied invasion of Sicily

Allies of World War II

The Allies, formally referred to as the United Nations from 1942, were an international military coalition formed during World War II (1939–1945) to oppose the Axis powers.

See Italian Social Republic and Allies of World War II

Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America.

See Italian Social Republic and Argentina

Armistice of Cassibile

The Armistice of Cassibile was an armistice that was signed on 3 September 1943 between Italy and the Allies during World War II.

See Italian Social Republic and Armistice of Cassibile

Army Liguria

Army Liguria (Armee Ligurien, or LXXXXVII Army) was an army formed for the National Republican Army (Esercito Nazionale Repubblicano, or ENR).

See Italian Social Republic and Army Liguria

Arrigo Petacco

Arrigo Petacco (7 August 1929 – 3 April 2018) was an Italian writer, historian and journalist.

See Italian Social Republic and Arrigo Petacco

Axis powers

The Axis powers, originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis and also Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, was a military coalition that initiated World War II and fought against the Allies.

See Italian Social Republic and Axis powers

Bank of Italy

The Bank of Italy (Italian: Banca d'Italia,, informally referred to as Bankitalia) is the Italian member of the Eurosystem and has been the monetary authority for Italy from 1893 to 1998, issuing the Italian lira.

See Italian Social Republic and Bank of Italy

Battaglioni M

The M Battalions (M standing for Mussolini) were an elite special forces unit of Italian Blackshirts during World War II.

See Italian Social Republic and Battaglioni M

Battle of Anzio

The Battle of Anzio was a battle of the Italian Campaign of World War II that took place from January 22, 1944. Italian Social Republic and battle of Anzio are 1944 in Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and Battle of Anzio

Battle of Collecchio

The Battle of Collecchio-Fornovo (26–29 April 1945) was a battle of the Second World War between the Brazilian Expeditionary Force (Força Expedicionária Brasileira – FEB), along with Italian partisans and units from the American 1st Armored and 92nd Infantry Divisions, against the Wehrmachts 148th Infantry Division, 90th Panzergrenadier Divisions and the fascist National Republican Army's 1st Bersaglieri "Italia" and the 4th Alpini "Monte Rosa" Divisions.

See Italian Social Republic and Battle of Collecchio

Battle of Garfagnana

The Battle of Garfagnana (Battaglia della Garfagnana), known to the Germans as Operation Winter Storm (Unternehmen Wintergewitter) and nicknamed the "Christmas Offensive" (Italian: Offensiva di Natale), was a successful Axis offensive against American forces on the western sector of the Gothic Line during World War II. Italian Social Republic and Battle of Garfagnana are 1944 in Italy and military history of Italy during World War II.

See Italian Social Republic and Battle of Garfagnana

Battle of Stalingrad

The Battle of StalingradSchlacht von Stalingrad see; p (17 July 19422 February 1943) was a major battle on the Eastern Front of World War II, beginning when Nazi Germany and its Axis allies attacked and became locked in a protracted struggle with the Soviet Union for control over the Soviet city of Stalingrad in southern Russia.

See Italian Social Republic and Battle of Stalingrad

Bavaria

Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria, is a state in the southeast of Germany.

See Italian Social Republic and Bavaria

Bellagio, Lombardy

Bellagio (Belàs) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Como in the Italian region of Lombardy.

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Belluno

Belluno (Belum; Belùn) is a town and province in the Veneto region of northern Italy.

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Benito Mussolini

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian dictator who founded and led the National Fascist Party (PNF).

See Italian Social Republic and Benito Mussolini

Beretta Model 38

The Beretta Model 38 (Italian: Moschetto Automatico Beretta Modello 1938) was an Italian submachine gun introduced in 1938 and used by the Royal Italian Army during World War II.

See Italian Social Republic and Beretta Model 38

Bernardo Bertolucci

Bernardo Bertolucci (16 March 1941 – 26 November 2018) was an Italian film director and screenwriter with a career that spanned 50 years.

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Bersaglieri

The Bersaglieri, singular Bersagliere, ("sharpshooter") are a troop of marksmen in the Italian Army's infantry corps.

See Italian Social Republic and Bersaglieri

BETASOM

BETASOM (an Italian language acronym of Bordeaux Sommergibile or Sommergibili) was a submarine base established at Bordeaux, France by the Regia Marina Italiana during World War II. Italian Social Republic and BETASOM are military history of Italy during World War II.

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Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890

The Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890 is a reference book by Philip Rees, on leading people in the various far right movements since 1890.

See Italian Social Republic and Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890

Black Brigades

The Auxiliary Corps of the Black Shirts' Action Squads (Corpo Ausiliario delle Squadre d'azione di Camicie Nere), most widely known as the Black Brigades (Brigate Nere), was one of the Fascist paramilitary groups, organized and run by the Republican Fascist Party (Partito Fascista Repubblicano, PFR) operating in the Italian Social Republic (in northern Italy), during the final years of World War II, and after the signing of the Italian Armistice in 1943.

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Black Sea

The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia.

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Blackshirts

The Voluntary Militia for National Security (Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale, MVSN), commonly called the Blackshirts (Camicie Nere, CCNN, singular: Camicia Nera) or squadristi (singular: squadrista), was originally the paramilitary wing of the National Fascist Party, known as the Squadrismo, and after 1923 an all-volunteer militia of the Kingdom of Italy under Fascist rule, similar to the SA.

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Bolzano

Bolzano (or; Bozen; Balsan or Bulsan) is the capital city of the province of South Tyrol, in Northern Italy.

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Bomber

A bomber is a military combat aircraft that utilizes air-to-ground weaponry to drop bombs, launch torpedoes, or deploy air-launched cruise missiles.

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Bombing of Rome in World War II

Rome was bombed several times during 1943 and 1944, primarily by Allied and to a smaller degree by Axis aircraft, before the city was liberated by the Allies on June 4, 1944. Italian Social Republic and Bombing of Rome in World War II are 1944 in Italy and military history of Italy during World War II.

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Bordeaux

Bordeaux (Gascon Bordèu; Bordele) is a city on the river Garonne in the Gironde department, southwestern France.

See Italian Social Republic and Bordeaux

Brazilian Expeditionary Force

The Brazilian Expeditionary Force (Força Expedicionária Brasileira, FEB), nicknamed Cobras Fumantes (literally "the Smoking Snakes"), was a military division of the Brazilian Army and Air Force that fought as part of Allied forces in the Mediterranean Theatre of World War II.

See Italian Social Republic and Brazilian Expeditionary Force

Brescia

Brescia (locally; Brèsa,; Brixia; Bressa) is a city and comune (municipality) in the region of Lombardy, in northern Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and Brescia

Brigadier general

Brigadier general or brigade general is a military rank used in many countries.

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Carlo Pareschi

Carlo Pareschi (19 August 1898 – 11 January 1944) was an Italian Fascist politician, member of the Grand Council of Fascism and minister of agriculture of the Kingdom of Italy from 1941 to 1943.

See Italian Social Republic and Carlo Pareschi

Cassibile (village)

Cassibile (Sicilian: Cassìbbili) is an Italian village and civil parish (frazione) of the city and municipality (comune) of Syracuse (Siracusa), in Sicily.

See Italian Social Republic and Cassibile (village)

Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

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CB-class midget submarine

The CB class was a group of midget submarines built for the Italian Navy during World War II.

See Italian Social Republic and CB-class midget submarine

Ceasefire

A ceasefire (also known as a truce or armistice), also spelled cease fire (the antonym of 'open fire'), is a stoppage of a war in which each side agrees with the other to suspend aggressive actions, often due to mediation by a third party.

See Italian Social Republic and Ceasefire

Central Italy

Central Italy (Italia centrale or Centro Italia) is one of the five official statistical regions of Italy used by the National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), a first-level NUTS region, and a European Parliament constituency.

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Concentration camp

A concentration camp is a form of internment camp for confining political prisoners or politically targeted demographics, such as members of national or minority ethnic groups, on the grounds of state security, or for exploitation or punishment.

See Italian Social Republic and Concentration camp

Corriere della Sera

Corriere della Sera ("Evening Courier") is an Italian daily newspaper published in Milan with an average circulation of 246,278 copies in May 2023.

See Italian Social Republic and Corriere della Sera

De jure

In law and government, de jure describes practices that are legally recognized, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality.

See Italian Social Republic and De jure

Death of Benito Mussolini

Benito Mussolini, the deposed Italian fascist dictator, was summarily executed by an Italian partisan in the village of Giulino di Mezzegra in northern Italy on 28 April 1945, in the final days of World War II in Europe.

See Italian Social Republic and Death of Benito Mussolini

Decima Flottiglia MAS

The Decima Flottiglia MAS (Decima Flottiglia Motoscafi Armati Siluranti, also known as La Decima or Xª MAS) (Italian for "10th Assault Vehicle Flotilla") was an Italian flotilla, with marines and commando frogman unit, of the Regia Marina (Royal Italian Navy). Italian Social Republic and Decima Flottiglia MAS are 1943 establishments in Italy and 1945 disestablishments in Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and Decima Flottiglia MAS

Dictatorship

A dictatorship is an autocratic form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, who hold governmental powers with few to no limitations.

See Italian Social Republic and Dictatorship

Dino Grandi

Dino Grandi, 1st Conte di Mordano (4 June 1895 – 21 May 1988) was an Italian Fascist politician, minister of justice, minister of foreign affairs and president of parliament.

See Italian Social Republic and Dino Grandi

Diplomatic recognition

Diplomatic recognition in international law is a unilateral declarative political act of a state that acknowledges an act or status of another state or government in control of a state (may be also a recognized state).

See Italian Social Republic and Diplomatic recognition

Dodecanese campaign

The Dodecanese campaign was the capture and occupation of the Dodecanese islands by German forces during World War II.

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Duce

Duce is an Italian title, derived from the Latin word dux 'leader', and a cognate of duke.

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East African campaign (World War II)

The East African campaign (also known as the Abyssinian campaign) was fought in East Africa during the Second World War by Allies of World War II, mainly from the British Empire, against Italy and its colony of Italian East Africa, between June 1940 and November 1941. Italian Social Republic and East African campaign (World War II) are military history of Italy during World War II.

See Italian Social Republic and East African campaign (World War II)

East Prussia

East Prussia was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1772 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 1871); following World War I it formed part of the Weimar Republic's Free State of Prussia, until 1945. Italian Social Republic and East Prussia are states and territories disestablished in 1945.

See Italian Social Republic and East Prussia

Emilia (region)

Emilia (Emeja / Emégglia / Emélia) is a historical region of northern Italy, which approximately corresponds to the western and the north-eastern portions of the modern region of Emilia-Romagna, with the area of Romagna forming the remainder of the modern region.

See Italian Social Republic and Emilia (region)

Emilian dialects

Emilian (Reggian, Parmesan and Modenese: emigliân, Bolognese: emigliàn; emiliano) is a Gallo-Italic unstandardised language spoken in the historical region of Emilia, which is now in the western part of Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and Emilian dialects

Emilio De Bono

Emilio De Bono (19 March 1866 – 11 January 1944) was an Italian general, fascist activist, marshal, war criminal, and member of the Fascist Grand Council (Gran Consiglio del Fascismo).

See Italian Social Republic and Emilio De Bono

Empire of Japan

The Empire of Japan, also referred to as the Japanese Empire, Imperial Japan, or simply Japan, was the Japanese nation-state that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until the enactment of the reformed Constitution of Japan in 1947. Italian Social Republic and Empire of Japan are Axis powers.

See Italian Social Republic and Empire of Japan

Estado Novo (Portugal)

The Estado Novo was the corporatist Portuguese state installed in 1933.

See Italian Social Republic and Estado Novo (Portugal)

Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy

The fall of the Fascist regime in Italy, also known in Italy as 25 Luglio (Venticinque Luglio), came as a result of parallel plots led respectively by Count Dino Grandi and King Victor Emmanuel III during the spring and summer of 1943, culminating with a successful vote of no confidence against the Prime Minister Benito Mussolini at the meeting of the Grand Council of Fascism on 24–25 July 1943.

See Italian Social Republic and Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy

Fasces

Fasces (a plurale tantum, from the Latin word fascis, meaning 'bundle'; fascio littorio) is a bound bundle of wooden rods, often but not always including an axe (occasionally two axes) with its blade emerging.

See Italian Social Republic and Fasces

Führer

Führer (http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term.

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Fighter aircraft

Fighter aircraft (early on also pursuit aircraft) are military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat.

See Italian Social Republic and Fighter aircraft

Filippo Anfuso

Filippo Anfuso (1 January 1901 – 13 December 1963) was an Italian writer, diplomat and fascist politician.

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Filippo Tommaso Marinetti

Filippo Tommaso Emilio Marinetti (22 December 1876 – 2 December 1944) was an Italian poet, editor, art theorist, and founder of the Futurist movement.

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Finland

Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe.

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Finland in World War II

Finland participated in the Second World War initially in a defensive war against the Soviet Union, followed by another, this time offensive, war against the Soviet Union acting in concert with Nazi Germany and then finally fighting alongside the Allies against Germany.

See Italian Social Republic and Finland in World War II

First Badoglio government

The Badoglio I government of Italy held office from 25 July 1943 until 24 April 1944, a total of 273 days, or 9 months and 3 days. Italian Social Republic and First Badoglio government are 1943 establishments in Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and First Badoglio government

France

France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.

See Italian Social Republic and France

Franco-Provençal

Franco-Provençal (also Francoprovençal, Patois or Arpitan) is a language within the Gallo-Romance family, originally spoken in east-central France, western Switzerland and northwestern Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and Franco-Provençal

Francoist Spain

Francoist Spain (España franquista), also known as the Francoist dictatorship (dictadura franquista), was the period of Spanish history between 1936 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title Caudillo. Italian Social Republic and Francoist Spain are totalitarian states.

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Franz Hofer

Franz Hofer (November 27, 1902 – February 18, 1975) was an Austrian Nazi politician.

See Italian Social Republic and Franz Hofer

Friedrich Rainer

Friedrich W. Rainer (28 July 1903 – November 1950) was an Austrian Nazi politician, Gauleiter as well as a Reichsstatthalter of Salzburg and Carinthia.

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Frogman

A frogman is someone who is trained in scuba diving or swimming underwater in a tactical capacity that includes military, and in some European countries, police work.

See Italian Social Republic and Frogman

Futurist

Futurists (also known as futurologists, prospectivists, foresight practitioners and horizon scanners) are people whose specialty or interest is futurology or the attempt to systematically explore predictions and possibilities about the future and how they can emerge from the present, whether that of human society in particular or of life on Earth in general.

See Italian Social Republic and Futurist

Galeazzo Ciano

Gian Galeazzo Ciano, 2nd Count of Cortellazzo and Buccari (18 March 1903 – 11 January 1944), was an Italian diplomat and politician who served as Foreign Minister in the government of his father-in-law, Benito Mussolini, from 1936 until 1943.

See Italian Social Republic and Galeazzo Ciano

Gauleiter

A Gauleiter was a regional leader of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) who served as the head of a Gau or Reichsgau.

See Italian Social Republic and Gauleiter

Genoa

Genoa (Genova,; Zêna) is a city in and the capital of the Italian region of Liguria, and the sixth-largest city in Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and Genoa

German language

German (Standard High German: Deutsch) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol.

See Italian Social Republic and German language

German-occupied Europe

German-occupied Europe (or Nazi-occupied Europe) refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were wholly or partly militarily occupied and civil-occupied, including puppet governments, by the military forces and the government of Nazi Germany at various times between 1939 and 1945, during World War II, administered by the Nazi regime under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler. Italian Social Republic and German-occupied Europe are Axis powers.

See Italian Social Republic and German-occupied Europe

Giorgio Almirante

Giorgio Almirante (27 June 1914 – 22 May 1988) was an Italian politician who founded the neo-fascist Italian Social Movement, which he led until his retirement in 1987.

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Giovanni Marinelli

Giovanni Marinelli (18 October 1879 – 11 January 1944) was an Italian Fascist political leader.

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Giovinezza

"italic" (Youth) was the official hymn of the Italian National Fascist Party, regime, and army, and was an unofficial national anthem of the Kingdom of Italy between 1924 and 1943.

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Gorizia

Gorizia (Gorica), colloquially stara Gorica 'old Gorizia' to distinguish it from Nova Gorica (Gurize, Guriza; Gorisia; Görz), is a town and comune (municipality) in northeastern Italy, in the autonomous region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia.

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Gothic Line

The Gothic Line (Gotenstellung; Linea Gotica) was a German and Italian defensive line of the Italian Campaign of World War II.

See Italian Social Republic and Gothic Line

Government

A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state.

See Italian Social Republic and Government

Governorate of Dalmatia

The Governorate of Dalmatia (Governatorato di Dalmazia) was an administrative division of the Kingdom of Italy, established in 1941, following the military conquest of Yugoslavian Dalmatia by General Vittorio Ambrosio, during World War II.

See Italian Social Republic and Governorate of Dalmatia

Gran Sasso d'Italia

Gran Sasso d'Italia is a massif in the Apennine Mountains of Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and Gran Sasso d'Italia

Gran Sasso raid

During World War II, the Gran Sasso raid (codenamed Unternehmen Eiche,, literally "Operation Oak", by the German military) on 12 September 1943 was a successful operation by German paratroopers and Waffen-SS commandos to rescue the deposed Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini from custody in the Gran Sasso d'Italia massif.

See Italian Social Republic and Gran Sasso raid

Grand Council of Fascism

The Grand Council of Fascism (also translated "Fascist Grand Council") was the main body of Mussolini's Fascist regime in Italy, which held and applied great power to control the institutions of government.

See Italian Social Republic and Grand Council of Fascism

Group (military unit)

A group is a military unit or a military formation that is most often associated with military aviation.

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Heinrich Himmler

Heinrich Luitpold Himmler (7 October 1900 – 23 May 1945) was a German politician who was the 4th Reichsführer of the Schutzstaffel (Protection Squadron; SS), a leading member of the Nazi Party of Germany, and one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany, primarily known for being a main architect of the Holocaust.

See Italian Social Republic and Heinrich Himmler

Heinrich von Vietinghoff

Heinrich Gottfried Otto Richard von Vietinghoff genannt Scheel (6 December 1887 – 23 February 1952) was a German general (Generaloberst) of the Wehrmacht during World War II.

See Italian Social Republic and Heinrich von Vietinghoff

Holy See

The Holy See (url-status,; Santa Sede), also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the pope in his role as the Bishop of Rome.

See Italian Social Republic and Holy See

Hotel Campo Imperatore

The Hotel Campo Imperatore, also known as Albergo di Campo Imperatore, is a hotel on top of Campo Imperatore at altitude on the slopes of, in the massif of Gran Sasso d'Italia, within the municipality of L'Aquila.

See Italian Social Republic and Hotel Campo Imperatore

House of Savoy

The House of Savoy (Casa Savoia) is an Italian royal house (formally a dynasty) that was established in 1003 in the historical Savoy region.

See Italian Social Republic and House of Savoy

Il Popolo d'Italia

Il Popolo d'Italia (English: "The People of Italy") was an Italian newspaper published from 15 November 1914 until 24 July 1943.

See Italian Social Republic and Il Popolo d'Italia

Independent State of Croatia

The Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH) was a World War II-era puppet state of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. Italian Social Republic and Independent State of Croatia are Axis powers, client states of Nazi Germany, states and territories disestablished in 1945 and totalitarian states.

See Italian Social Republic and Independent State of Croatia

Italian African Police

The Italian African Police (Polizia dell'Africa Italiana, or PAI), was the provost, and police force of Italian North Africa and Italian East Africa from 1 June 1936 to 1 December 1945.

See Italian Social Republic and Italian African Police

Italian Army in Russia

The Italian Army in Russia (Armata Italiana in Russia; ARMIR) was an army-sized unit of the Regio Esercito (Royal Italian Army) which fought on the Eastern Front during World War II between July 1942 and April 1943.

See Italian Social Republic and Italian Army in Russia

Italian campaign (World War II)

The Italian campaign of World War II, also called the Liberation of Italy following the German occupation in September 1943, consisted of Allied and Axis operations in and around Italy, from 1943 to 1945.

See Italian Social Republic and Italian campaign (World War II)

Italian Civil War

The Italian Civil War (Guerra civile italiana) was a civil war in the Kingdom of Italy fought during the Italian campaign of World War II between Italian fascists and Italian partisans (mostly politically organized in the National Liberation Committee) and, to a lesser extent, the Italian Co-belligerent Army. Italian Social Republic and italian Civil War are 1944 in Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and Italian Civil War

Italian Co-belligerent Navy

The Italian Co-Belligerent Navy (Marina Cobelligerante Italiana), or Navy of the South (Marina del Sud) or Royal Navy (Regia Marina), was the navy of the Italian royalist forces fighting on the side of the Allies in southern Italy after the Allied armistice with Italy in September 1943. Italian Social Republic and Italian Co-belligerent Navy are 1943 establishments in Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and Italian Co-belligerent Navy

Italian concession of Tianjin

The Italian concession of Tianjin (Concessione italiana di Tientsin) was a small territory (concession) in central Tianjin (formerly romanized as Tientsin), China, controlled by the Kingdom of Italy between 1901 and 1943, officially ceded to China in 1947.

See Italian Social Republic and Italian concession of Tianjin

Italian fascism

Italian fascism (fascismo italiano), also classical fascism and Fascism, is the original fascist ideology, which Giovanni Gentile and Benito Mussolini developed in Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and Italian fascism

Italian Islands of the Aegean

The Italian Islands of the Aegean (Isole italiane dell'Egeo; Ἰταλικαὶ Νῆσοι ΑἰγαίουΠελάγους; Ege'deki İtalyan Adaları) were an archipelago of fourteen islands (the Dodecanese, except Kastellorizo) in the southeastern Aegean Sea, that—together with the surrounding islets—were ruled by the Kingdom of Italy from 1912 to 1943 and the Italian Social Republic (under German occupation) from 1943 to 1945. Italian Social Republic and italian Islands of the Aegean are states and territories disestablished in 1945.

See Italian Social Republic and Italian Islands of the Aegean

Italian Jews

Italian Jews (ebrei italiani; yehudim italkim) or Roman Jews (ebrei romani; yehudim romim) can be used in a broad sense to mean all Jews living in or with roots in Italy, or, in a narrower sense, to mean the Italkim, an ancient community living in Italy since the Ancient Roman era, who use the Italian liturgy (or "Italian Rite") as distinct from those Jewish communities in Italy dating from medieval or modern times who use the Sephardic liturgy or the Nusach Ashkenaz.

See Italian Social Republic and Italian Jews

Italian language

Italian (italiano,, or lingua italiana) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire.

See Italian Social Republic and Italian language

Italian Libya

Libya (Libia; Lībyā al-Īṭālīya) was a colony of Fascist Italy located in North Africa, in what is now modern Libya, between 1934 and 1943.

See Italian Social Republic and Italian Libya

Italian lira

The lira (lire) was the currency of Italy between 1861 and 2002.

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Italian occupation of France

Italian-occupied France was an area of south-eastern France and Monaco occupied by Fascist Italy between 1940 and 1943 in parallel to the German occupation of France. Italian Social Republic and Italian occupation of France are military history of Italy during World War II.

See Italian Social Republic and Italian occupation of France

Italian resistance movement

The Italian Resistance (Resistenza italiana,, or simply La Resistenza) consisted of all the Italian resistance groups who fought the occupying forces of Nazi Germany and the fascist collaborationists of the Italian Social Republic during the Second World War in Italy from 1943 to 1945. Italian Social Republic and italian resistance movement are military history of Italy during World War II.

See Italian Social Republic and Italian resistance movement

Italy

Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.

See Italian Social Republic and Italy

Jozo Tomasevich

Josip "Jozo" Tomasevich (1908October 15, 1994; Josip Tomašević) was an American economist and historian whose speciality was the economic and social history of Yugoslavia.

See Italian Social Republic and Jozo Tomasevich

Julius Caesar

Gaius Julius Caesar (12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman.

See Italian Social Republic and Julius Caesar

Junio Valerio Borghese

Junio Valerio Scipione Ghezzo Marcantonio Maria Borghese (6 June 1906 – 26 August 1974), nicknamed The Black Prince, was an Italian Navy commander during the regime of Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party and a prominent hardline neo-fascist politician in post-war Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and Junio Valerio Borghese

Karabiner 98k

The Karabiner 98 kurz, often abbreviated Karabiner 98k, Kar98k or K98k and also sometimes incorrectly referred to as a K98 (a K98 is a Polish carbine and copy of the Kar98a), is a bolt-action rifle chambered for the 7.92×57mm Mauser cartridge.

See Italian Social Republic and Karabiner 98k

Karl Wolff

Karl Friedrich Otto Wolff (13 May 1900 – 17 July 1984) was a German SS functionary who served as Chief of Personal Staff Reichsführer-SS (Heinrich Himmler) and an SS liaison to Adolf Hitler during World War II.

See Italian Social Republic and Karl Wolff

Kętrzyn

Kętrzyn (until 1946 Rastembork; Rastenburg) is a town in northeastern Poland with 27,478 inhabitants (2019).

See Italian Social Republic and Kętrzyn

King of Italy

King of Italy (Re d'Italia; Rex Italiae) was the title given to the ruler of the Kingdom of Italy after the fall of the Western Roman Empire.

See Italian Social Republic and King of Italy

Kingdom of Bulgaria

The Tsardom of Bulgaria (translit), also referred to as the Third Bulgarian Tsardom (translit), sometimes translated in English as the "Kingdom of Bulgaria", or simply Bulgaria, was a constitutional monarchy in Southeastern Europe, which was established on 5 October (O.S. 22 September) 1908, when the Bulgarian state was raised from a principality to a tsardom. Italian Social Republic and Kingdom of Bulgaria are Axis powers.

See Italian Social Republic and Kingdom of Bulgaria

Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)

The Kingdom of Hungary (Magyar Királyság), referred to retrospectively as the Regency and the Horthy era, existed as a country from 1920 to 1946 under the rule of Miklós Horthy, Regent of Hungary, who officially represented the Hungarian monarchy. Italian Social Republic and Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946) are Axis powers and totalitarian states.

See Italian Social Republic and Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)

Kingdom of Romania

The Kingdom of Romania (Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy that existed from 13 March (O.S.) / 25 March 1881 with the crowning of prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as King Carol I (thus beginning the Romanian royal family), until 1947 with the abdication of King Michael I and the Romanian parliament's proclamation of the Romanian People's Republic. Italian Social Republic and Kingdom of Romania are Axis powers.

See Italian Social Republic and Kingdom of Romania

Lake Garda

Lake Garda (Lago di Garda,, or (Lago) Benaco,; Lach de Garda; Ƚago de Garda) is the largest lake in Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and Lake Garda

Liberation Day (Italy)

Liberation Day (Festa della Liberazione), also known as the Anniversary of Italy's Liberation (Anniversario della liberazione d'Italia), Anniversary of the Resistance (Anniversario della Resistenza), or simply 25 April (25 aprile), is a national holiday in Italy that commemorates the victory of the Italian resistance movement against Nazi Germany and the Italian Social Republic, puppet state of the Nazis and rump state of the fascists, culmination of the liberation of Italy from German occupation and of the Italian civil war in the latter phase of World War II.

See Italian Social Republic and Liberation Day (Italy)

Licio Gelli

Licio Gelli (21 April 1919 – 15 December 2015) was an Italian Freemason, criminal and terrorist.

See Italian Social Republic and Licio Gelli

Life imprisonment

Life imprisonment is any sentence of imprisonment for a crime under which convicted criminals are to remain in prison for the rest of their natural lives (or until pardoned, paroled, or commuted to a fixed term).

See Italian Social Republic and Life imprisonment

Life Is Beautiful

Life Is Beautiful (La vita è bella) is a 1997 Italian comedy-drama film directed by and starring Roberto Benigni, who co-wrote the film with Vincenzo Cerami.

See Italian Social Republic and Life Is Beautiful

Ligurian language

Ligurian (endonym: lìgure) or Genoese (endonym: zeneise or zeneize) is a Gallo-Italic language spoken primarily in the territories of the former Republic of Genoa, now comprising the area of Liguria in Northern Italy, parts of the Mediterranean coastal zone of France, Monaco (where it is called Monégasque), the village of Bonifacio in Corsica, and in the villages of Carloforte on San Pietro Island and Calasetta on Sant'Antioco Island off the coast of southwestern Sardinia.

See Italian Social Republic and Ligurian language

Lira

Lira is the name of several currency units.

See Italian Social Republic and Lira

Lombard language

The Lombard language (native name: lombard,Classical Milanese orthography, and. lumbard,Ticinese orthography. lumbartModern Western orthography and Classical Cremish Orthography. or lombart,Eastern unified orthography. depending on the orthography; pronunciation) belongs to the Gallo-Italic group within the Romance languages and is characterized by a Celtic linguistic substratum and a Lombardic linguistic superstratum and is a cluster of homogeneous dialects that are spoken by millions of speakers in Northern Italy and southern Switzerland, including most of Lombardy and some areas of the neighbouring regions, notably the far eastern side of Piedmont and the extreme western side of Trentino, and in Switzerland in the cantons of Ticino and Graubünden.

See Italian Social Republic and Lombard language

Lombardy

Lombardy (Lombardia; Lombardia) is an administrative region of Italy that covers; it is located in northern Italy and has a population of about 10 million people, constituting more than one-sixth of Italy's population.

See Italian Social Republic and Lombardy

Luciano Gottardi

Luciano Gottardi (18 February 1899 – 11 January 1944) was an Italian Fascist politician and trade unionist.

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Luftwaffe

The Luftwaffe was the aerial-warfare branch of the Wehrmacht before and during World War II.

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Luisa Ferida

Luisa Ferida, real surname Manfrini (18 March 1914 – 30 April 1945), was an Italian stage and film actress.

See Italian Social Republic and Luisa Ferida

Malta

Malta, officially the Republic of Malta, is an island country in Southern Europe located in the Mediterranean Sea.

See Italian Social Republic and Malta

Manchukuo

Manchukuo was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan in Northeast China that existed from 1932 until its dissolution in 1945. Italian Social Republic and Manchukuo are Axis powers, states and territories disestablished in 1945 and totalitarian states.

See Italian Social Republic and Manchukuo

Marquis de Sade

Donatien Alphonse François, Marquis de Sade (2 June 1740 – 2 December 1814) was a French writer, libertine, political activist and nobleman best known for his libertine novels and imprisonment for sex crimes, blasphemy and pornography.

See Italian Social Republic and Marquis de Sade

Marshal of Italy

Marshal of Italy (Maresciallo d'Italia) was a rank in the Royal Italian Army (Regio Esercito).

See Italian Social Republic and Marshal of Italy

Midget submarine

A midget submarine is any submarine under 150 tons, typically operated by a crew of one or two but sometimes up to six or nine, with little or no on-board living accommodation.

See Italian Social Republic and Midget submarine

Milan

Milan (Milano) is a city in northern Italy, regional capital of Lombardy, and the second-most-populous city proper in Italy after Rome.

See Italian Social Republic and Milan

Ministry of Occupied Italy

The Ministry of Occupied Italy (Ministero dell'Italia occupata) was the government body of the Kingdom of Italy responsible for affairs in portions of Italy under Axis occupation during World War II. Italian Social Republic and Ministry of Occupied Italy are 1945 disestablishments in Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and Ministry of Occupied Italy

Motion of no confidence

A motion or vote of no confidence (or the inverse, a motion of confidence and corresponding vote of confidence) is a motion and corresponding vote thereon in a deliberative assembly (usually a legislative body) as to whether an officer (typically an executive) is deemed fit to continue to occupy their office.

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Motor torpedo boat

A motor torpedo boat is a fast torpedo boat, especially of the mid 20th century.

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Motorboat

A motorboat, speedboat or powerboat is a boat that is exclusively powered by an engine.

See Italian Social Republic and Motorboat

MT explosive motorboat

The explosive motorboat MT (Motoscafo da Turismo) also known as barchino (Italian for "little boat"), was a series of small explosive motor boats developed by the Italian Royal Navy, which was based on its predecessors, the prototype boat MA (Motoscafo d'Assalto) and the MAT (Motoscafo Avio Trasportato), an airborne prototype.

See Italian Social Republic and MT explosive motorboat

MTSM motor torpedo boat

The MTSM motor torpedo boat (Motoscafo da Turismo Silurante Modificato) was a series of small motor torpedo boats developed by the Italian Royal Navy during World War II.

See Italian Social Republic and MTSM motor torpedo boat

National Fascist Party

The National Fascist Party (Partito Nazionale Fascista, PNF) was a political party in Italy, created by Benito Mussolini as the political expression of Italian fascism and as a reorganisation of the previous Italian Fasces of Combat.

See Italian Social Republic and National Fascist Party

National Liberation Committee

The National Liberation Committee (Comitato di Liberazione Nazionale, CLN) was a political umbrella organization and the main representative of the Italian resistance movement fighting against Nazi Germany's forces during the German occupation of Italy in the aftermath of the armistice of Cassibile, while simultaneously fighting against Italian fascists during the Italian Civil War. Italian Social Republic and National Liberation Committee are 1943 establishments in Italy and 1944 in Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and National Liberation Committee

National Republican Air Force

The National Republican Air Force (Aeronautica Nazionale Repubblicana, ANR) was the air force of the Italian Social Republic, a World War II German puppet state in Italy. Italian Social Republic and National Republican Air Force are 1943 establishments in Italy and 1945 disestablishments in Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and National Republican Air Force

National Republican Guard (Italy)

The Italian National Republican Guard (Italian: Guardia Nazionale Repubblicana, or GNR) was a gendarmerie force of the Italian Social Republic created by decree on 8 December 1943, replacing the Carabinieri and the National Security Volunteer Militia (MVSN).

See Italian Social Republic and National Republican Guard (Italy)

National Republican Navy (Italy)

The National Republican Navy (Marina Nazionale Repubblicana) was the navy of the Italian Social Republic, a World War II German puppet state in Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and National Republican Navy (Italy)

Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship. Italian Social Republic and Nazi Germany are Axis powers, states and territories disestablished in 1945 and totalitarian states.

See Italian Social Republic and Nazi Germany

Nazism

Nazism, formally National Socialism (NS; Nationalsozialismus), is the far-right totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany.

See Italian Social Republic and Nazism

Neapolitan language

Neapolitan (autonym: ('o n)napulitano; napoletano) is a Romance language of the Italo-Romance group spoken in Naples and most of continental Southern Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and Neapolitan language

Nicola Bombacci

Nicola Bombacci (24 October 1879 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian Marxist revolutionary and later a fascist politician.

See Italian Social Republic and Nicola Bombacci

North African campaign

The North African campaign of World War II took place in North Africa from 10 June 1940 to 13 May 1943, fought between the Allies and the Axis Powers.

See Italian Social Republic and North African campaign

Northern Italy

Northern Italy (Italia settentrionale, label, label) is a geographical and cultural region in the northern part of Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and Northern Italy

Obergruppenführer

Obergruppenführer was a paramilitary rank in Nazi Germany that was first created in 1932 as a rank of the ''Sturmabteilung'' (SA) and adopted by the Schutzstaffel (SS) one year later.

See Italian Social Republic and Obergruppenführer

Obersturmbannführer

Obersturmbannführer (Senior Assault-unit Leader;; short: Ostubaf) was a paramilitary rank in the German Nazi Party (NSDAP) which was used by the SA (Sturmabteilung) and the SS (Schutzstaffel).

See Italian Social Republic and Obersturmbannführer

Operation Achse

Operation Achse (Axis), originally called Operation Alaric (Unternehmen Alarich), was the codename for the German operation to forcibly disarm the Italian armed forces after Italy's armistice with the Allies on 3 September 1943. Italian Social Republic and operation Achse are military history of Italy during World War II.

See Italian Social Republic and Operation Achse

Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral

The Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral (Operationszone Adriatisches Küstenland, OZAK; or colloquially: Operationszone Adria; Zona d'operazioni del Litorale adriatico; Operativna zona Jadransko primorje; Operacijska cona Jadransko primorje) was a Nazi German district on the northern Adriatic coast created during World War II in 1943. Italian Social Republic and Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral are states and territories disestablished in 1945 and states and territories established in 1943.

See Italian Social Republic and Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral

The Operational Zone of the Alpine Foothills (Operationszone Alpenvorland (OZAV); Zona d'operazione delle Prealpi) was a Nazi German occupation zone in the sub-Alpine area in Italy during World War II. Italian Social Republic and Operational Zone of the Alpine Foothills are 1943 establishments in Italy, 1944 in Italy, 1945 disestablishments in Italy, states and territories disestablished in 1945 and states and territories established in 1943.

See Italian Social Republic and Operational Zone of the Alpine Foothills

Osprey Publishing

Osprey Publishing is a British publishing company specializing in military history based in Oxford.

See Italian Social Republic and Osprey Publishing

Osvaldo Valenti

Osvaldo Valenti (17 February 1906 – 30 April 1945) was an Italian film actor.

See Italian Social Republic and Osvaldo Valenti

Otto Skorzeny

Otto Johann Anton Skorzeny (12 June 1908 – 5 July 1975) was an Austrian-born German SS-Obersturmbannführer (lieutenant colonel) in the Waffen-SS during World War II.

See Italian Social Republic and Otto Skorzeny

Overprint

An overprint is an additional layer of text or graphics added to the face of a postage or revenue stamp, postal stationery, banknote or ticket after it has been printed.

See Italian Social Republic and Overprint

OVRA

The OVRA, unoffically known as the Organization for Vigilance and Repression of Anti-Fascism (Opera Vigilanza Repressione Antifascismo), was the secret police of the Kingdom of Italy during the reign of King Victor Emmanuel III.

See Italian Social Republic and OVRA

Partisan (military)

A partisan is a member of a domestic irregular military force formed to oppose control of an area by a foreign power or by an army of occupation by some kind of insurgent activity.

See Italian Social Republic and Partisan (military)

Piedmontese language

Piedmontese (autonym: piemontèis or lenga piemontèisa; piemontese) is a language spoken by some 2,000,000 people mostly in Piedmont, a region of Northwest Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and Piedmontese language

Pier Paolo Pasolini

Pier Paolo Pasolini (5 March 1922 – 2 November 1975) was an Italian poet, film director, writer, actor and playwright.

See Italian Social Republic and Pier Paolo Pasolini

Piera Gatteschi Fondelli

Piera Fondelli Gatteschi (22 August 1902 - 7 September 1985) was the commander of the Female Auxiliary Service of the Italian Social Republic, a member of the National Fascist Party and a participant in the March on Rome.

See Italian Social Republic and Piera Gatteschi Fondelli

Pietro Badoglio

Pietro Badoglio, 1st Duke of Addis Abeba, 1st Marquess of Sabotino (28 September 1871 – 1 November 1956), was an Italian general during both World Wars and the first viceroy of Italian East Africa.

See Italian Social Republic and Pietro Badoglio

Pietro Koch

Pietro Koch (18 August 1918 – 4 June 1945) was an Italian soldier and leader of the Banda Koch, a group notorious for its anti-partisan activity in the Republic of Salò.

See Italian Social Republic and Pietro Koch

Pino Romualdi

Giuseppe "Pino" Romualdi (24 July 1913 – 21 May 1988) was an Italian right-wing politician who served both the Republican Fascist Party (PFR) and the Italian Social Movement (MSI).

See Italian Social Republic and Pino Romualdi

Plenipotentiary

A plenipotentiary (from the Latin plenus "full" and potens "powerful") is a diplomat who has full powers—authorization to sign a treaty or convention on behalf of a sovereign.

See Italian Social Republic and Plenipotentiary

Populism

Populism is a range of political stances that emphasize the idea of "the people" and often juxtapose this group with "the elite".

See Italian Social Republic and Populism

Prime Minister of Italy

The prime minister of Italy, officially the president of the Council of Ministers (Presidente del Consiglio dei ministri), is the head of government of the Italian Republic.

See Italian Social Republic and Prime Minister of Italy

Province of Zara

The Province of Zara (Provincia di Zara) was a province of the Kingdom of Italy, officially from 1918 to 1947.

See Italian Social Republic and Province of Zara

Pula

Pula, also known as Pola (Pola; Puola; Pulj; Póla), is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia, and the seventh-largest city in the country, situated at the southern tip of the Istrian peninsula in northwestern Croatia, with a population of 52,220 in 2021.

See Italian Social Republic and Pula

Puppet state

A puppet state, puppet régime, puppet government or dummy government is a state that is de jure independent but de facto completely dependent upon an outside power and subject to its orders.

See Italian Social Republic and Puppet state

Regia Marina

The paren) (RM) or Royal Italian Navy was the navy of the Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) from 1861 to 1946. In 1946, with the birth of the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), the Regia Marina changed its name to Marina Militare ("Military Navy").

See Italian Social Republic and Regia Marina

Reichsgau Kärnten

The Reichsgau Carinthia (German: Reichsgau Kärnten) was an administrative division of Nazi Germany in Carinthia and East Tyrol (both in Austria) and Upper Carniola in Slovenia. Italian Social Republic and Reichsgau Kärnten are states and territories disestablished in 1945.

See Italian Social Republic and Reichsgau Kärnten

Reichsgau Tirol-Vorarlberg

The Reichsgau Tyrol-Vorarlberg (German: Reichsgau Tirol-Vorarlberg) was an administrative division of Nazi Germany consisting of Vorarlberg and North Tyrol (both in Austria). Italian Social Republic and Reichsgau Tirol-Vorarlberg are states and territories disestablished in 1945.

See Italian Social Republic and Reichsgau Tirol-Vorarlberg

Republic

A republic, based on the Latin phrase res publica ('public affair'), is a state in which political power rests with the public through their representatives—in contrast to a monarchy.

See Italian Social Republic and Republic

Republican Fascist Party

The Republican Fascist Party (Partito Fascista Repubblicano, PFR) was a political party in Italy led by Benito Mussolini during the German occupation of Central and Northern Italy and was the sole legal representative party of the Italian Social Republic. Italian Social Republic and Republican Fascist Party are 1943 establishments in Italy and 1945 disestablishments in Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and Republican Fascist Party

Republican Police Corps

The Republican Police Corps (Italian: Corpo di Polizia Repubblicana) was a police force of the Italian Social Republic during the Italian Civil War.

See Italian Social Republic and Republican Police Corps

Republicanism

Republicanism is a Western political ideology that encompasses a range of ideas from civic virtue, political participation, harms of corruption, positives of mixed constitution, rule of law, and others.

See Italian Social Republic and Republicanism

Rijeka

Rijeka (local Chakavian: Reka or Rika; Reka, Fiume (Fiume; Fiume; outdated German name: Sankt Veit am Flaum), is the principal seaport and the third-largest city in Croatia (after Zagreb and Split). It is located in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and in 2021 had a population of 108,622 inhabitants.

See Italian Social Republic and Rijeka

Roberto Benigni

Roberto Remigio Benigni (born 27 October 1952) is an Italian actor, comedian, screenwriter and director.

See Italian Social Republic and Roberto Benigni

Rodolfo Graziani

Rodolfo Graziani, 1st Marquis of Neghelli (11 August 1882 – 11 January 1955), was a prominent Italian military officer in the Kingdom of Italy's Royal Army, primarily noted for his campaigns in Africa before and during World War II.

See Italian Social Republic and Rodolfo Graziani

Rolf Steininger

Rolf Steininger (August 2, 1942, Plettenberg) is a German historian and former university professor for contemporary history.

See Italian Social Republic and Rolf Steininger

Romagnol

Romagnol (rumagnòl or rumagnôl; romagnolo) is a Romance language spoken in the historical region of Romagna, consisting mainly of the southeastern part of Emilia-Romagna, Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and Romagnol

Rome

Rome (Italian and Roma) is the capital city of Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and Rome

Routledge

Routledge is a British multinational publisher.

See Italian Social Republic and Routledge

Royal Italian Army

The Royal Italian Army (Royal Army) (RE) was the land force of the Kingdom of Italy, established with the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and Royal Italian Army

Rudolf Rahn

Rudolf Rahn (16 March 1900 – 7 January 1975) was a German diplomat who served the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany.

See Italian Social Republic and Rudolf Rahn

Salò

Salò (Salodium) is a town and comune in the Province of Brescia in the region of Lombardy (northern Italy) on the banks of Lake Garda, on which it has the longest promenade.

See Italian Social Republic and Salò

Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom

Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom (Salò o le 120 giornate di Sodoma), billed on-screen as Pasolini's 120 Days of Sodom on English-language prints and commonly referred to as simply Salò, is a 1975 political drama art horror film directed and co-written by Pier Paolo Pasolini.

See Italian Social Republic and Salò, or the 120 Days of Sodom

Schutzstaffel

The Schutzstaffel (SS; also stylised as ᛋᛋ with Armanen runes) was a major paramilitary organisation under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II.

See Italian Social Republic and Schutzstaffel

Sicily

Sicily (Sicilia,; Sicilia,, officially Regione Siciliana) is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe and is one of the 20 regions of Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and Sicily

Simon & Schuster

Simon & Schuster LLC is an American publishing company owned by Kohlberg Kravis Roberts.

See Italian Social Republic and Simon & Schuster

Slovak Republic (1939–1945)

The (First) Slovak Republic ((Prvá) Slovenská republika), otherwise known as the Slovak State (Slovenský štát), was a partially-recognized clerical fascist client state of Nazi Germany which existed between 14 March 1939 and 4 April 1945 in Central Europe. Italian Social Republic and Slovak Republic (1939–1945) are Axis powers, client states of Nazi Germany, former republics, states and territories disestablished in 1945 and totalitarian states.

See Italian Social Republic and Slovak Republic (1939–1945)

In sociology, socialization (Modern English; or socialisation - see spelling differences) is the process of internalizing the norms and ideologies of society.

See Italian Social Republic and Socialization

South Tyrol

South Tyrol (Südtirol,; Alto Adige,; Südtirol) is an autonomous province in northern Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and South Tyrol

Sovereignty

Sovereignty can generally be defined as supreme authority.

See Italian Social Republic and Sovereignty

Spring 1945 offensive in Italy

The spring 1945 offensive in Italy, codenamed Operation Grapeshot, was the final Allied attack during the Italian Campaign in the final stages of the Second World War.

See Italian Social Republic and Spring 1945 offensive in Italy

Stanford University Press

Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University.

See Italian Social Republic and Stanford University Press

Surrender of Caserta

The Surrender of Caserta (Resa di Caserta) of 29 April 1945 was the written agreement that formalized the surrender of German and Italian Fascist forces in Italy, ending the Italian Campaign of World War II.

See Italian Social Republic and Surrender of Caserta

Switzerland

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe.

See Italian Social Republic and Switzerland

Thailand

Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Indochinese Peninsula.

See Italian Social Republic and Thailand

The 120 Days of Sodom

The 120 Days of Sodom, or the School of Libertinage (Les 120 Journées de Sodome ou l'école du libertinage) is an unfinished novel by the French writer and nobleman Donatien Alphonse François, Marquis de Sade, written in 1785 and published in 1904 after its manuscript was rediscovered.

See Italian Social Republic and The 120 Days of Sodom

The Holocaust in Italy

The Holocaust in Italy was the persecution, deportation, and murder of Jews between 1943 and 1945 in the Italian Social Republic, the part of the Kingdom of Italy occupied by Nazi Germany after the Italian surrender on 8 September 1943, during World War II.

See Italian Social Republic and The Holocaust in Italy

The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich

The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany is a book by American journalist William L. Shirer in which the author chronicles the rise and fall of Nazi Germany from the birth of Adolf Hitler in 1889 to the end of World War II in Europe in 1945.

See Italian Social Republic and The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich

Torpedo bomber

A torpedo bomber is a military aircraft designed primarily to attack ships with aerial torpedoes.

See Italian Social Republic and Torpedo bomber

Totalitarianism

Totalitarianism is a political system and a form of government that prohibits opposition political parties, disregards and outlaws the political claims of individual and group opposition to the state, and controls the public sphere and the private sphere of society.

See Italian Social Republic and Totalitarianism

Transport aircraft

Transport aircraft is a broad category of aircraft that includes.

See Italian Social Republic and Transport aircraft

Treaties of Rome (1941)

The 1941 Treaties of Rome were a series of treaties concluded by the Fascist Italian regime and the World War II collaborationist Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH) on 18 May 1941, following the Axis Invasion of Yugoslavia.

See Italian Social Republic and Treaties of Rome (1941)

Trento

Trento (or; Ladin and Trent; Trient; Tria), also known in English as Trent, is a city on the Adige River in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol in Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and Trento

Trieste

Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and Trieste

Tullio Cianetti

Tullio Cianetti (20 August 1899, in Assisi – 8 April 1976, in Maputo, Mozambique) was an Italian fascist politician who was well known for his work with the trade unions.

See Italian Social Republic and Tullio Cianetti

Turin

Turin (Torino) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and Turin

Udine

Udine (Udin; Utinum; Videm) is a city and comune (municipality) in northeastern Italy, in the middle of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, between the Adriatic Sea and the Carnic Alps.

See Italian Social Republic and Udine

Unconditional surrender

An unconditional surrender is a surrender in which no guarantees, reassurances, or promises (i.e., conditions) are given to the surrendering party.

See Italian Social Republic and Unconditional surrender

Unitary state

A unitary state is a sovereign state governed as a single entity in which the central government is the supreme authority.

See Italian Social Republic and Unitary state

United States Army

The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces.

See Italian Social Republic and United States Army

University of Toronto Press

The University of Toronto Press is a Canadian university press.

See Italian Social Republic and University of Toronto Press

University of Turin

The University of Turin (Italian: Università degli Studi di Torino, UNITO) is a public research university in the city of Turin, in the Piedmont region of Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and University of Turin

Vatican City

Vatican City, officially the Vatican City State (Stato della Città del Vaticano; Status Civitatis Vaticanae), is a landlocked sovereign country, city-state, microstate, and enclave within Rome, Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and Vatican City

Venetian language

Venetian, wider Venetian or Venetan (łengua vèneta or vèneto) is a Romance language spoken natively in the northeast of Italy,Ethnologue mostly in Veneto, where most of the five million inhabitants can understand it.

See Italian Social Republic and Venetian language

Venice

Venice (Venezia; Venesia, formerly Venexia) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region.

See Italian Social Republic and Venice

Verona

Verona (Verona or Veròna) is a city on the River Adige in Veneto, Italy, with 258,031 inhabitants.

See Italian Social Republic and Verona

Verona trial

The Verona Trial (processo di Verona) was a show trial held in January 1944 in the Italian Social Republic (RSI) to punish the 19 members of the Grand Council of Fascism who had voted for Benito Mussolini's removal from power in the Kingdom of Italy. Italian Social Republic and Verona trial are 1944 in Italy.

See Italian Social Republic and Verona trial

Vichy France

Vichy France (Régime de Vichy; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State (État français), was the French rump state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II. Italian Social Republic and Vichy France are Axis powers, client states of Nazi Germany and rump states.

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Victor Emmanuel III

Victor Emmanuel III (11 November 1869 – 28 December 1947), born Vittorio Emanuele Ferdinando Maria Gennaro di Savoia, was King of Italy from 29 July 1900 until his abdication on 9 May 1946.

See Italian Social Republic and Victor Emmanuel III

Void (law)

In law, void means of no legal effect.

See Italian Social Republic and Void (law)

Waffen-SS

The Waffen-SS was the combat branch of the Nazi Party's paramilitary Schutzstaffel (SS) organisation.

See Italian Social Republic and Waffen-SS

Wang Jingwei regime

The Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China, commonly described as the Wang Jingwei regime, was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan in eastern China. Italian Social Republic and Wang Jingwei regime are Axis powers, former republics and states and territories disestablished in 1945.

See Italian Social Republic and Wang Jingwei regime

War flag

A war ensign, also known as a military flag, battle flag, or standard, is a variant of a national flag for use by a country's military forces when on land.

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Wehrmacht

The Wehrmacht were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945.

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Wild Blood (2008 film)

Wild Blood (Italian: Sanguepazzo) is an Italian biographical drama film directed in 2008 by Marco Tullio Giordana.

See Italian Social Republic and Wild Blood (2008 film)

Wolf's Lair

The Wolf's Lair (Wolfsschanze; Wilczy Szaniec) served as Adolf Hitler's first Eastern Front military headquarters in World War II.

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World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

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Yad Vashem

Yad Vashem (יָד וַשֵׁם) is Israel's official memorial to the victims of the Holocaust.

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14th Army (Wehrmacht)

The 14th Army (14.) was a German field army in World War II.

See Italian Social Republic and 14th Army (Wehrmacht)

1900 (film)

1900 (Novecento, "Twentieth Century") is a 1976 epic historical drama film directed by Bernardo Bertolucci, and featuring an international ensemble cast including Robert De Niro, Gérard Depardieu, Dominique Sanda, Francesca Bertini, Laura Betti, Stefania Casini, Ellen Schwiers, Sterling Hayden, Alida Valli, Romolo Valli, Stefania Sandrelli, Donald Sutherland, and Burt Lancaster.

See Italian Social Republic and 1900 (film)

1st Bersaglieri Division "Italia"

The 1st Bersaglieri Division "Italia" (1ª Divisione bersaglieri "Italia") was one of four divisions raised by Mussolini's Italian Social Republic.

See Italian Social Republic and 1st Bersaglieri Division "Italia"

29th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Italian)

The 29th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Italian) also Legione SS Italiana (29. was an SS formation of Nazi Germany during World War II. It was originally created in the Italian Social Republic in 1943 as the Italian Legion, later renamed to a brigade. The unit was upgraded to division status on 10 February 1945.

See Italian Social Republic and 29th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Italian)

2nd Grenadier Division "Littorio"

The 2nd Grenadier Division "Littorio" (2ª Divisione granatieri "Littorio") was one of four divisions raised by Mussolini's Italian Social Republic.

See Italian Social Republic and 2nd Grenadier Division "Littorio"

3rd Marine Infantry Division "San Marco"

The 3rd Marine Infantry Division "San Marco" (3ª Divisione fanteria di marina "San Marco") was one of four divisions raised by Mussolini's Army of the Italian Social Republic.

See Italian Social Republic and 3rd Marine Infantry Division "San Marco"

4th Alpine Division "Monterosa"

The 4th Alpine Division "Monterosa" (4ª Divisione alpina "Monterosa") was one of four divisions raised by Mussolini's Italian Social Republic.

See Italian Social Republic and 4th Alpine Division "Monterosa"

92nd Infantry Division (United States)

The 92nd Infantry Division (known as the 92nd Division during World War I) was an African American, later mixed, infantry division of the United States Army that served in World War I, World War II, and the Korean War.

See Italian Social Republic and 92nd Infantry Division (United States)

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic

Also known as Fascist Italy (1943–1945), German puppet state in northern Italy, German-occupied Italy, Italian Socialist Republic, Italy under Nazism, Italy under the Nazis, Military of the Italian Social Republic, Military of the Italian Socialist Republic, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Italian Social Republic, National Republican State of Italy, Nazi Italy, Nazi era in Italy, Nazi rule in Italy, Repubblica Sociale Italiana, Repubblica di Salò, Repubblica of Salò, Republic of Salò, Salò Republic, Social Republic, Social Republic of Italy.

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Italian Social Republic, the Glossary

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