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Itcha Range, the Glossary

The Itcha Range, also known as the Itchas, is a small isolated mountain range in the West-Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada.^[1]

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179 relations: Alexander MacKenzie Heritage Trail, Alkali, Alkali basalt, Alpine plant, Amsterdam, Anahim hotspot, Anahim Lake, Anahim Volcanic Belt, Andesite, Basanite, Basement (geology), BC Parks, Bella Coola, British Columbia, Benmoreite, Boreal woodland caribou, Bridge River, British Columbia, British Columbia Coast, British Columbia Interior, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, Canada–United States border, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Canadian National Seismograph Network, Canadian Science Publishing, Chilcotin Group, Chilcotin Plateau, Cinder cone, Coast Mountains, Columnar jointing, Conchoidal fracture, Crag and tail, Crust (geology), Cupola (geology), Dacite, Dakelh, Debris flow, Dike (geology), Dike swarm, Downton Creek (Chilcotin Plateau), Drift (geology), Early Pleistocene, East African Rift, Ecosystem, Effusive eruption, Elsevier, Era, Erosion, Eruption column, Ethiopia, ... Expand index (129 more) »
Central volcanoes
Landforms of the Chilcotin
Mountain ranges of the Interior Plateau
Pliocene shield volcanoes
Shield volcanoes of Canada
Tsilhqot'in

Alexander MacKenzie Heritage Trail

The Alexander MacKenzie Heritage Trail (also Nuxalk-Carrier Route, Blackwater Trail, or simply The Grease Trail) is a long historical overland route between Quesnel and Bella Coola, British Columbia, Canada (53.269N,123.149W to 52.968N, 125.704W) Of the many grease trails connecting the Coast with the Interior, it is the most notable and often is referred to as the Grease Trail.

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Alkali

In chemistry, an alkali (from lit) is a basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.

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Alkali basalt

Alkali basalt or alkali olivine basalt is a dark-colored, porphyritic volcanic rock usually found in oceanic and continental areas associated with volcanic activity, such as oceanic islands, continental rifts and volcanic fields.

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Alpine plant

Alpine plants are plants that grow in an alpine climate, which occurs at high elevation and above the tree line.

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Amsterdam

Amsterdam (literally, "The Dam on the River Amstel") is the capital and most populated city of the Netherlands.

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Anahim hotspot

The Anahim hotspot is a hypothesized hotspot in the Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada.

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Anahim Lake

Anahim Lake is a small community in British Columbia.

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Anahim Volcanic Belt

The Anahim Volcanic Belt (AVB) is a west–east trending chain of volcanoes and related magmatic features in British Columbia, Canada.

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Andesite

Andesite is a volcanic rock of intermediate composition.

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Basanite

Basanite is an igneous, volcanic (extrusive) rock with aphanitic to porphyritic texture.

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Basement (geology)

In geology, basement and crystalline basement are crystalline rocks lying above the mantle and beneath all other rocks and sediments.

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BC Parks

BC Parks is an agency of the British Columbia Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy that manages all of the, as of 2020, 1,035 provincial parks and other conservation and historical properties of various title designations within the province's Parks oversaw of the British Columbia Parks and Protected Areas System.

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Bella Coola, British Columbia

Bella Coola is an unincorporated community in the Bella Coola Valley of British Columbia, Canada.

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Benmoreite

Benmoreite is a volcanic rock of intermediate composition.

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Boreal woodland caribou

The boreal woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou; but subject to a recent taxonomic revision. See Reindeer: Taxonomy), also known as Eastern woodland caribou, boreal forest caribou and forest-dwelling caribou, is a North American subspecies of reindeer (or caribou in North America) found primarily in Canada with small populations in the United States.

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Bridge River

The Bridge River is an approximately long river in southern British Columbia.

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British Columbia

British Columbia (commonly abbreviated as BC) is the westernmost province of Canada.

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British Columbia Coast

The British Columbia Coast, popularly referred to as the BC Coast or simply the Coast, is a geographic region of the Canadian province of British Columbia.

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British Columbia Interior

The British Columbia Interior, popularly referred to as the BC Interior or simply the Interior, is a geographic region of the Canadian province of British Columbia.

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Cambridge

Cambridge is a city and non-metropolitan district in the county of Cambridgeshire, England.

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.

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Canada–United States border

The Canada–United States border is the longest international border in the world.

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Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences

The Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1963, which reports current research on all aspects of the Earth sciences.

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Canadian National Seismograph Network

The Canadian National Seismograph Network is a network of seismographs to detect earthquakes across Canada.

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Canadian Science Publishing

Canadian Science Publishing (CSP) is Canada's largest publisher of international scientific journals.

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Chilcotin Group

The Chilcotin Group, also called the Chilcotin Plateau Basalts, is a large area of basaltic lava that forms a volcanic plateau running parallel with the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt in south-central British Columbia, Canada. Itcha Range and Chilcotin Group are landforms of the Chilcotin.

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Chilcotin Plateau

The Chilcotin Plateau is part of the Fraser Plateau, a major subdivision of the Interior Plateau of British Columbia. Itcha Range and Chilcotin Plateau are landforms of the Chilcotin.

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Cinder cone

A cinder cone (or scoria cone) is a steep conical hill of loose pyroclastic fragments, such as volcanic clinkers, volcanic ash, or scoria that has been built around a volcanic vent.

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Coast Mountains

The Coast Mountains (La chaîne Côtière) are a major mountain range in the Pacific Coast Ranges of western North America, extending from southwestern Yukon through the Alaska Panhandle and virtually all of the Coast of British Columbia south to the Fraser River.

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Columnar jointing

Columnar jointing is a geological structure where sets of intersecting closely spaced fractures, referred to as joints, result in the formation of a regular array of polygonal prisms, or columns.

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Conchoidal fracture

A conchoidal fracture is a break or fracture of a brittle material that does not follow any natural planes of separation.

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Crag and tail

A crag (sometimes spelled cragg, or in Scotland craig) is a rocky hill or mountain, generally isolated from other high ground.

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Crust (geology)

In geology, the crust is the outermost solid shell of a planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite.

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Cupola (geology)

In geology, a cupola is an upward protrusion from the roof of a large igneous intrusion, such as a batholith.

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Dacite

Dacite is a volcanic rock formed by rapid solidification of lava that is high in silica and low in alkali metal oxides.

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Dakelh

The Dakelh (pronounced) or Carrier are the indigenous people of a large portion of the Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada.

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Debris flow

Debris flows are geological phenomena in which water-laden masses of soil and fragmented rock flow down mountainsides, funnel into stream channels, entrain objects in their paths, and form thick, muddy deposits on valley floors.

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Dike (geology)

In geology, a dike or dyke is a sheet of rock that is formed in a fracture of a pre-existing rock body.

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Dike swarm

A dike swarm (American spelling) or dyke swarm (British spelling) is a large geological structure consisting of a major group of parallel, linear, or radially oriented magmatic dikes intruded within continental crust or central volcanoes in rift zones.

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Downton Creek (Chilcotin Plateau)

Downton Creek is a stream in the West-Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada that flows from Mount Downton in the Itcha Range due southeast to the Chilcotin River.

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Drift (geology)

In geology, drift is a name for all sediment (clay, silt, sand, gravel, boulders) transported by a glacier and deposited directly by or from the ice, or by glacial meltwater.

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Early Pleistocene

The Early Pleistocene is an unofficial sub-epoch in the international geologic timescale in chronostratigraphy, representing the earliest division of the Pleistocene Epoch within the ongoing Quaternary Period.

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East African Rift

The East African Rift (EAR) or East African Rift System (EARS) is an active continental rift zone in East Africa.

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Ecosystem

An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system that environments and their organisms form through their interaction.

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Effusive eruption

An effusive eruption is a type of volcanic eruption in which lava steadily flows out of a volcano onto the ground.

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Elsevier

Elsevier is a Dutch academic publishing company specializing in scientific, technical, and medical content.

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Era

An era is a span of time defined for the purposes of chronology or historiography, as in the regnal eras in the history of a given monarchy, a calendar era used for a given calendar, or the geological eras defined for the history of Earth.

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Erosion

Erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust and then transports it to another location where it is deposited.

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Eruption column

An eruption column or eruption plume is a cloud of super-heated ash and tephra suspended in gases emitted during an explosive volcanic eruption.

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Ethiopia

Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa.

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Explosive eruption

In volcanology, an explosive eruption is a volcanic eruption of the most violent type.

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Extrusive rock

Extrusive rock refers to the mode of igneous volcanic rock formation in which hot magma from inside the Earth flows out (extrudes) onto the surface as lava or explodes violently into the atmosphere to fall back as pyroclastics or tuff.

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Fault (geology)

In geology, a fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock-mass movements.

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Feldspar

Feldspar (sometimes spelled felspar) is a group of rock-forming aluminium tectosilicate minerals, also containing other cations such as sodium, calcium, potassium, or barium.

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Felsic

In geology, felsic is a modifier describing igneous rocks that are relatively rich in elements that form feldspar and quartz.

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Festuca

Festuca (fescue) is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the grass family Poaceae (subfamily Pooideae).

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Fissure vent

A fissure vent, also known as a volcanic fissure, eruption fissure or simply a fissure, is a linear volcanic vent through which lava erupts, usually without any explosive activity.

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Fractional crystallization (geology)

Fractional crystallization, or crystal fractionation, is one of the most important geochemical and physical processes operating within crust and mantle of a rocky planetary body, such as the Earth.

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Fraser Plateau

The Fraser Plateau is an intermontane plateau.

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Geologic time scale

The geologic time scale or geological time scale (GTS) is a representation of time based on the rock record of Earth.

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Geological Survey of Canada

The Geological Survey of Canada (GSC; Commission géologique du Canada, CGC) is a Canadian federal government agency responsible for performing geological surveys of the country developing Canada's natural resources and protecting the environment.

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Geology of British Columbia

The geology of British Columbia is a function of its location on the leading edge of the North American continent.

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Glacial period

A glacial period (alternatively glacial or glaciation) is an interval of time (thousands of years) within an ice age that is marked by colder temperatures and glacier advances.

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Glacial striation

Glacial striations or striae are scratches or gouges cut into bedrock by glacial abrasion.

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Glacier

A glacier is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving downhill under its own weight.

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Grassland

A grassland is an area where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Poaceae).

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Hawaiite

Hawaiite is an olivine basalt with a composition between alkali basalt and mugearite.

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Hazelton Group

The Hazelton Group is a geologic group in British Columbia.

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Hierarchy

A hierarchy (from Greek:, from, 'president of sacred rites') is an arrangement of items (objects, names, values, categories, etc.) that are represented as being "above", "below", or "at the same level as" one another.

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Hotspot (geology)

In geology, hotspots (or hot spots) are volcanic locales thought to be fed by underlying mantle that is anomalously hot compared with the surrounding mantle. Itcha Range and hotspot (geology) are hotspot volcanoes.

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Igneous intrusion

In geology, an igneous intrusion (or intrusive body or simply intrusion) is a body of intrusive igneous rock that forms by crystallization of magma slowly cooling below the surface of the Earth.

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Igneous rock

Igneous rock, or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic.

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Ilgachuz Range

The Ilgachuz Range is a name given to an extinct shield volcano in British Columbia, Canada. Itcha Range and Ilgachuz Range are central volcanoes, hotspot volcanoes, Inactive volcanoes, landforms of the Chilcotin, mountain ranges of the Interior Plateau, Pliocene shield volcanoes, Polygenetic shield volcanoes, range 3 Coast Land District, shield volcanoes of Canada and Tsilhqot'in.

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Indigenous peoples

There is no generally accepted definition of Indigenous peoples, although in the 21st century the focus has been on self-identification, cultural difference from other groups in a state, a special relationship with their traditional territory, and an experience of subjugation and discrimination under a dominant cultural model.

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Indigenous peoples in Canada

Indigenous peoples in Canada (Peuples autochtones au Canada, also known as Aboriginals) are the Indigenous peoples within the boundaries of Canada.

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Interagency Volcanic Event Notification Plan

The Interagency Volcanic Event Notification Plan (IVENP) is a program in Canada established to outline the notification procedure of some of the main agencies that would be involved in response to a volcanic eruption in Canada, an eruption close to Canada's borders, or significant enough that a volcanic eruption will have an effect on Canada and its people.

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Interior Plateau

The Interior Plateau comprises a large region of the Interior of British Columbia, and lies between the Cariboo and Monashee Mountains on the east, and the Hazelton Mountains, Coast Mountains and Cascade Range on the west.

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Intermontane Belt

The Intermontane Belt is a physiogeological region in the Pacific Northwest of North America, stretching from northern Washington into British Columbia, Yukon, and Alaska.

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Itcha Ilgachuz Provincial Park

Itcha Ilgachuz Provincial Park is a provincial park in the Chilcotin Country of British Columbia, Canada.

See Itcha Range and Itcha Ilgachuz Provincial Park

Itcha Lake

Itcha Lake is a lake in the Chilcotin District of the Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada. Itcha Range and Itcha Lake are range 3 Coast Land District.

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Itcha Mountain

Itcha Mountain is one of the two named volcanic peaks of the Itcha Range, which is located in the Chilcotin District of the Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada. Itcha Range and Itcha Mountain are hotspot volcanoes, landforms of the Chilcotin and range 3 Coast Land District.

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Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research is a scientific journal that publishes recent research on the fields of volcanology and geothermal activity, as well as the societal and environmental impact of these phenomenon.

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Juan de Fuca Plate

The Juan de Fuca Plate is a small tectonic plate (microplate) generated from the Juan de Fuca Ridge that is subducting beneath the northerly portion of the western side of the North American Plate at the Cascadia subduction zone.

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Kenya

Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya (Jamhuri ya Kenya), is a country in East Africa.

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Lake

A lake is an often naturally occurring, relatively large and fixed body of water on or near the Earth's surface.

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Landform

A landform is a natural or anthropogenic land feature on the solid surface of the Earth or other planetary body.

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Lava

Lava is molten or partially molten rock (magma) that has been expelled from the interior of a terrestrial planet (such as Earth) or a moon onto its surface.

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Lava dome

In volcanology, a lava dome is a circular, mound-shaped protrusion resulting from the slow extrusion of viscous lava from a volcano.

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Lherzolite

Lherzolite is a type of ultramafic igneous rock.

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Lichen

A lichen is a symbiosis of algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species, along with a yeast embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualistic relationship.

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List of volcanoes in Canada

List of volcanoes in Canada is an incomplete list of volcanoes found in Mainland Canada, in the Canadian islands and in Canadian waters.

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Lithosphere

A lithosphere is the rigid, outermost rocky shell of a terrestrial planet or natural satellite.

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Low-velocity zone

The low-velocity zone (LVZ) occurs close to the boundary between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere in the upper mantle.

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Mafic

A mafic mineral or rock is a silicate mineral or igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron.

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Magma

Magma is the molten or semi-molten natural material from which all igneous rocks are formed.

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Magma chamber

A magma chamber is a large pool of liquid rock beneath the surface of the Earth.

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Magmatism

Magmatism is the emplacement of magma within and at the surface of the outer layers of a terrestrial planet, which solidifies as igneous rocks.

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Mantle (geology)

A mantle is a layer inside a planetary body bounded below by a core and above by a crust.

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Mantle plume

A mantle plume is a proposed mechanism of convection within the Earth's mantle, hypothesized to explain anomalous volcanism.

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McGill University

McGill University (French: Université McGill) is an English-language public research university located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

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Mesozoic

The Mesozoic Era is the penultimate era of Earth's geological history, lasting from about, comprising the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods.

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Mission Ridge (British Columbia)

Mission Ridge, also known as Mission Mountain, is a ridge in the Bridge River-Lillooet Country of the South-Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada, extending westward from the town of Lillooet along the north side of Seton Lake to Mission Pass, which is immediately above and to the north of the lakeside community of Shalalth.

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Montane ecosystems

Montane ecosystems are found on the slopes of mountains.

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Mount Downton

Mount Downton is the highest summit of the diameter Itcha Range, located northeast of Anahim Lake and east of Far Mountain in the Chilcotin District of the Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada. Itcha Range and Mount Downton are landforms of the Chilcotin and range 3 Coast Land District.

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Mountain range

A mountain range or hill range is a series of mountains or hills arranged in a line and connected by high ground.

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National Topographic System

The National Topographic System or NTS is the system used by Natural Resources Canada for providing general purpose topographic maps of the country.

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Natural Resources Canada

Natural Resources Canada (NRCan; Ressources naturelles Canada; label)Natural Resources Canada is the applied title under the Federal Identity Program; the legal title is Department of Natural Resources.

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Nazko Cone

Nazko Cone is a small potentially active basaltic cinder cone in central British Columbia, Canada, located 75 km west of Quesnel and 150 kilometers southwest of Prince George.

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Neogene

The Neogene is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period million years ago.

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Nomad

Nomads are communities without fixed habitation who regularly move to and from areas.

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North American Plate

The North American Plate is a tectonic plate containing most of North America, Cuba, the Bahamas, extreme northeastern Asia, and parts of Iceland and the Azores.

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Obsidian

Obsidian is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed when lava extruded from a volcano cools rapidly with minimal crystal growth.

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Olivine

The mineral olivine is a magnesium iron silicate with the chemical formula.

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Oxide

An oxide is a chemical compound containing at least one oxygen atom and one other element in its chemical formula.

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Parasitic cone

A parasitic cone (also adventive cone or satellite cone) is the cone-shaped accumulation of volcanic material not part of the central vent of a volcano.

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Partial melting

Partial melting is the phenomenon that occurs when a rock is subjected to temperatures high enough to cause certain minerals to melt, but not all of them.

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Phenocryst

Swiss side of the Mont Blanc massif, has large white phenocrysts of plagioclase (that have trapezoid shapes when cut through). 1 euro coin (diameter 2.3 cm) for scale. A phenocryst is an early forming, relatively large and usually conspicuous crystal distinctly larger than the grains of the rock groundmass of an igneous rock.

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Phonolite

Phonolite is an uncommon shallow intrusive or extrusive rock, of intermediate chemical composition between felsic and mafic, with texture ranging from aphanitic (fine-grained) to porphyritic (mixed fine- and coarse-grained).

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Phreatomagmatic eruption

Phreatomagmatic eruptions are volcanic eruptions resulting from interaction between magma and water.

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Pleistocene

The Pleistocene (often referred to colloquially as the Ice Age) is the geological epoch that lasted from to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations.

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Porphyritic

Porphyritic is an adjective used in geology to describe igneous rocks with a distinct difference in the size of mineral crystals, with the larger crystals known as phenocrysts.

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Prairie

Prairies are ecosystems considered part of the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome by ecologists, based on similar temperate climates, moderate rainfall, and a composition of grasses, herbs, and shrubs, rather than trees, as the dominant vegetation type.

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Pre-Columbian era

In the history of the Americas, the pre-Columbian era, also known as the pre-contact era, spans from the original peopling of the Americas in the Upper Paleolithic to European colonization, which began with Christopher Columbus's voyage of 1492.

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Prediction of volcanic activity

Prediction of volcanic activity, and volcanic eruption forecasting, is an interdisciplinary monitoring and research effort to predict the time and severity of a volcano's eruption.

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Provinces and territories of Canada

Canada has ten provinces and three territories that are sub-national administrative divisions under the jurisdiction of the Canadian Constitution.

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Provincial park

Ischigualasto Provincial Park A provincial park (or territorial park) is a park administered by one of the provinces of a country, as opposed to a national park.

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Pumice

Pumice, called pumicite in its powdered or dust form, is a volcanic rock that consists of extremely vesicular rough-textured volcanic glass, which may or may not contain crystals.

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Pyroclastic flow

A pyroclastic flow (also known as a pyroclastic density current or a pyroclastic cloud) is a fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter (collectively known as tephra) that flows along the ground away from a volcano at average speeds of but is capable of reaching speeds up to.

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Pyroclastic rock

Pyroclastic rocks are clastic rocks composed of rock fragments produced and ejected by explosive volcanic eruptions.

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Pyroxene

The pyroxenes (commonly abbreviated Px) are a group of important rock-forming inosilicate minerals found in many igneous and metamorphic rocks.

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Quartz

Quartz is a hard, crystalline mineral composed of silica (silicon dioxide).

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Quaternary

The Quaternary is the current and most recent of the three periods of the Cenozoic Era in the geologic time scale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS).

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Quesnel, British Columbia

Quesnel (Kee-nel in French) is a city located in the Cariboo Regional District of British Columbia, Canada.

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Rain shadow

A rain shadow is an area of significantly reduced rainfall behind a mountainous region, on the side facing away from prevailing winds, known as its leeward side.

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Rainbow Range (Chilcotin Plateau)

The Rainbow Range, formerly gazetted as the Rainbow Mountains, is a mountain range in British Columbia, Canada, located northwest of Anahim Lake. Itcha Range and Rainbow Range (Chilcotin Plateau) are central volcanoes, landforms of the Chilcotin, mountain ranges of the Interior Plateau, Polygenetic shield volcanoes, range 3 Coast Land District and shield volcanoes of Canada.

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Ranch

A ranch (from rancho/Mexican Spanish) is an area of land, including various structures, given primarily to ranching, the practice of raising grazing livestock such as cattle and sheep.

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Range 3 Coast Land District

Range 3 Coast Land District is one of the 59 land districts of British Columbia, Canada, which are part of the cadastral divisions of British Columbia.

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Rhyolite

Rhyolite is the most silica-rich of volcanic rocks.

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Ridge

A ridge is a long, narrow, elevated geomorphologic landform, structural feature, or a combination of both separated from the surrounding terrain by steep sides.

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Rift

In geology, a rift is a linear zone where the lithosphere is being pulled apart and is an example of extensional tectonics.

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Satah Mountain

Satah Mountain is a twin-peaked mountain in the West-Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada. Itcha Range and Satah Mountain are landforms of the Chilcotin.

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Satah Mountain volcanic field

The Satah Mountain volcanic field (SMVF) is an extensive north-south trending volcanic chain in the Central Interior of British Columbia that stretches south of the Itcha Range shield volcano to northeast of Nimpo Lake. Itcha Range and Satah Mountain volcanic field are landforms of the Chilcotin.

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Seattle

Seattle is a seaport city on the West Coast of the United States.

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Seton Lake

Seton Lake is a lake in the Squamish-Lillooet region of southwestern British Columbia.

See Itcha Range and Seton Lake

Shalalth

Shalalth and South Shalalth are unincorporated communities on the northern shore near the western end of Seton Lake in the Squamish-Lillooet region of southwestern British Columbia.

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Shield volcano

A shield volcano is a type of volcano named for its low profile, resembling a shield lying on the ground.

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Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep

The Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis sierrae) is subspecies of bighorn sheep unique to the Sierra Nevada mountains of California.

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Slab (geology)

In geology, the slab is a significant constituent of subduction zones.

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Spinel

Spinel is the magnesium/aluminium member of the larger spinel group of minerals.

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Stage (stratigraphy)

In chronostratigraphy, a stage is a succession of rock strata laid down in a single age on the geologic timescale, which usually represents millions of years of deposition.

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Stratigraphic unit

A stratigraphic unit is a volume of rock of identifiable origin and relative age range that is defined by the distinctive and dominant, easily mapped and recognizable petrographic, lithologic or paleontologic features (facies) that characterize it.

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Stratigraphy

Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification).

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Stream

A stream is a continuous body of surface water flowing within the bed and banks of a channel.

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Subaerial eruption

In volcanology, a subaerial eruption is any sort of volcanic eruption that occurs on the Earth's surface, or in the open air "under the air", and not underwater or underground.

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Subaqueous volcano

A subaqueous volcano is a volcano formed from the eruption or flow of magma that occurs underwater (as opposed to a subaerial volcanic eruptions).

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Subduction

Subduction is a geological process in which the oceanic lithosphere and some continental lithosphere is recycled into the Earth's mantle at convergent boundaries.

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Subglacial eruption

Subglacial eruptions, those of ice-covered volcanoes, result in the interaction of magma with ice and snow, leading to meltwater formation, jökulhlaups, and lahars.

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Sulfide

Sulfide (also sulphide in British English) is an inorganic anion of sulfur with the chemical formula S2− or a compound containing one or more S2− ions.

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Topographic prominence

In topography, prominence or relative height (also referred to as autonomous height, and shoulder drop in US English, and drop in British English) measures the height of a mountain or hill's summit relative to the lowest contour line encircling it but containing no higher summit within it.

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Topography

Topography is the study of the forms and features of land surfaces.

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Trachyte

Trachyte is an extrusive igneous rock composed mostly of alkali feldspar.

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Tsilhqotʼin

The Tsilhqotin or Chilcotin ("People of the river",; also spelled Tsilhqutin, Tŝinlhqotin, Chilkhodin, Tsilkótin, Tsilkotin) are a North American tribal government of the Athabaskan-speaking ethnolinguistic group that live in what is now known as British Columbia, Canada. Itcha Range and Tsilhqotʼin are Tsilhqot'in.

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Tuff

Tuff is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption.

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Types of volcanic eruptions

Several types of volcanic eruptions—during which material is expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure—have been distinguished by volcanologists.

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United States Geological Survey

The United States Geological Survey (USGS), founded as the Geological Survey, is an agency of the United States government whose work spans the disciplines of biology, geography, geology, and hydrology.

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University of British Columbia Press

The University of British Columbia Press (UBC Press) is a university press that is part of the University of British Columbia.

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Valley

A valley is an elongated low area often running between hills or mountains, which typically contains a river or stream running from one end to the other.

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Vesicular texture

Vesicular texture is a volcanic rock texture characterized by a rock being pitted with many cavities (known as vesicles) at its surface and inside.

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Volcanic ash

Volcanic ash consists of fragments of rock, mineral crystals, and volcanic glass, produced during volcanic eruptions and measuring less than 2 mm (0.079 inches) in diameter.

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Volcanic cone

Volcanic cones are among the simplest volcanic landforms.

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Volcanic glass

Volcanic glass is the amorphous (uncrystallized) product of rapidly cooling magma.

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Volcanic plug

A volcanic plug, also called a volcanic neck or lava neck, is a volcanic object created when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano.

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Volcanism

Volcanism, vulcanism, volcanicity, or volcanic activity is the phenomenon where solids, liquids, gases, and their mixtures erupt to the surface of a solid-surface astronomical body such as a planet or a moon.

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Volcanism of Western Canada

Volcanism of Western Canada has produced lava flows, lava plateaus, lava domes, cinder cones, stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes, greenstone belts, submarine volcanoes, calderas, diatremes and maars, along with examples of more less common volcanic forms such as tuyas and subglacial mounds.

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Volcano

A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.

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Washington (state)

Washington, officially the State of Washington, is the westernmost state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.

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Westerlies

The westerlies, anti-trades, or prevailing westerlies, are prevailing winds from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude.

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Wetland

A wetland is a distinct semi-aquatic ecosystem whose groundcovers are flooded or saturated in water, either permanently, for years or decades, or only seasonally for a shorter periods.

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Yellowstone hotspot

The Yellowstone hotspot is a volcanic hotspot in the United States responsible for large scale volcanism in Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and Wyoming, formed as the North American tectonic plate moved over it. Itcha Range and Yellowstone hotspot are hotspot volcanoes.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itcha_Range

Also known as Itcha Mountain Range, Itcha Mountains, Itchas, The Itchas.

, Explosive eruption, Extrusive rock, Fault (geology), Feldspar, Felsic, Festuca, Fissure vent, Fractional crystallization (geology), Fraser Plateau, Geologic time scale, Geological Survey of Canada, Geology of British Columbia, Glacial period, Glacial striation, Glacier, Grassland, Hawaiite, Hazelton Group, Hierarchy, Hotspot (geology), Igneous intrusion, Igneous rock, Ilgachuz Range, Indigenous peoples, Indigenous peoples in Canada, Interagency Volcanic Event Notification Plan, Interior Plateau, Intermontane Belt, Itcha Ilgachuz Provincial Park, Itcha Lake, Itcha Mountain, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Juan de Fuca Plate, Kenya, Lake, Landform, Lava, Lava dome, Lherzolite, Lichen, List of volcanoes in Canada, Lithosphere, Low-velocity zone, Mafic, Magma, Magma chamber, Magmatism, Mantle (geology), Mantle plume, McGill University, Mesozoic, Mission Ridge (British Columbia), Montane ecosystems, Mount Downton, Mountain range, National Topographic System, Natural Resources Canada, Nazko Cone, Neogene, Nomad, North American Plate, Obsidian, Olivine, Oxide, Parasitic cone, Partial melting, Phenocryst, Phonolite, Phreatomagmatic eruption, Pleistocene, Porphyritic, Prairie, Pre-Columbian era, Prediction of volcanic activity, Provinces and territories of Canada, Provincial park, Pumice, Pyroclastic flow, Pyroclastic rock, Pyroxene, Quartz, Quaternary, Quesnel, British Columbia, Rain shadow, Rainbow Range (Chilcotin Plateau), Ranch, Range 3 Coast Land District, Rhyolite, Ridge, Rift, Satah Mountain, Satah Mountain volcanic field, Seattle, Seton Lake, Shalalth, Shield volcano, Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep, Slab (geology), Spinel, Stage (stratigraphy), Stratigraphic unit, Stratigraphy, Stream, Subaerial eruption, Subaqueous volcano, Subduction, Subglacial eruption, Sulfide, Topographic prominence, Topography, Trachyte, Tsilhqotʼin, Tuff, Types of volcanic eruptions, United States Geological Survey, University of British Columbia Press, Valley, Vesicular texture, Volcanic ash, Volcanic cone, Volcanic glass, Volcanic plug, Volcanism, Volcanism of Western Canada, Volcano, Washington (state), Westerlies, Wetland, Yellowstone hotspot.

Itcha Range, the Glossary

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