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John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford, the Glossary

John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford, 9th Lord of Skipton (8 April 1435 – 28 March 1461) was a Lancastrian military leader during the Wars of the Roses in England.^[1]

121 relations: Act of Accord, Affinity (medieval), Ambush, Anglo-Scottish border, Annals, Arbitral tribunal, Assassination, Attainder, Aughton, East Riding of Yorkshire, Baron de Clifford, Battle of Blore Heath, Battle of Ferrybridge, Battle of Northampton (1460), Battle of Towton, Battle of Wakefield, Bequest and devise, Berkhamsted Castle, Brougham Castle, Buckenham, Caput, Chronicle, Commission of array, Conisbrough Castle, Court of King's Bench (England), Coventry, Curia regis, Decapitation, Dower house, Earl of Devon, Edmund, Earl of Rutland, Edward Hall, Edward IV, Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, English feudal barony, Estate (law), Ferrybridge, First Battle of St Albans, Flanking maneuver, Folklore, Ford (crossing), George Edward Cokayne, Godparent, Gregory's Chronicle, Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset, Henry Bromflete, Henry Clifford, 10th Baron Clifford, Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter, Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland, Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland, Henry Summerson, ... Expand index (71 more) »
Barons de Clifford
Clifford family
High Sheriffs of Westmorland

Act of Accord

The Act of Accord was an act of the Parliament of England which was passed on 25 October 1460 during a period of intense political division and partisanship at the top of government.

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In post-classical history, an affinity was a collective name for the group (retinue) of (usually) men whom a lord gathered around himself in his service; it has been described by one modern historian as "the servants, retainers, and other followers of a lord", and as "part of the normal fabric of society".

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Ambush

An ambush is a surprise attack carried out by people lying in wait in a concealed position.

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Anglo-Scottish border

The Anglo-Scottish border is an internal border of the United Kingdom separating Scotland and England which runs for 96 miles (154 km) between Marshall Meadows Bay on the east coast and the Solway Firth in the west.

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Annals

Annals (annāles, from annus, "year") are a concise historical record in which events are arranged chronologically, year by year, although the term is also used loosely for any historical record.

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Arbitral tribunal

An arbitral tribunal or arbitration tribunal, also arbitration commission, arbitration committee or arbitration council is a panel of unbiased adjudicators which is convened and sits to resolve a dispute by way of arbitration.

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Assassination

Assassination is the willful killing, by a sudden, secret, or planned attack, of a personespecially if prominent or important.

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Attainder

In English criminal law, attainder was the metaphorical "stain" or "corruption of blood" which arose from being condemned for a serious capital crime (felony or treason).

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Aughton, East Riding of Yorkshire

Aughton is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Ellerton, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England.

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Baron de Clifford

Baron de Clifford is a title in the Peerage of England. John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford and Baron de Clifford are barons de Clifford and Clifford family.

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Battle of Blore Heath

The Battle of Blore Heath took place during the English Wars of the Roses on 23 September 1459, at Blore Heath, Staffordshire.

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Battle of Ferrybridge

The Battle of Ferrybridge, 28 March 1461, was a preliminary engagement between the houses of York and Lancaster before the larger battle of Towton, during the period now known as the Wars of the Roses.

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Battle of Northampton (1460)

The Battle of Northampton was fought on 10 July 1460 near the River Nene, Northamptonshire.

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Battle of Towton

The Battle of Towton took place on 29 March 1461 during the Wars of the Roses, near Towton in North Yorkshire, and "has the dubious distinction of being probably the largest and bloodiest battle on English soil".

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Battle of Wakefield

The Battle of Wakefield took place in Sandal Magna near Wakefield in northern England, on 30 December 1460.

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Bequest and devise

Historically, a bequest is personal property given by will and a devise is real property given by will.

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Berkhamsted Castle

Berkhamsted Castle is a Norman motte-and-bailey castle in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire.

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Brougham Castle

Brougham Castle (pronounced) is a medieval building about south-east of Penrith, Cumbria, England.

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Buckenham

Buckenham is a small village in the civil parish of Strumpshaw, in the Broadland district, Norfolk, England.

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Caput

Category:Latin words and phrases.

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Chronicle

A chronicle (chronica, from Greek χρονικά chroniká, from χρόνος, chrónos – "time") is a historical account of events arranged in chronological order, as in a timeline.

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Commission of array

A commission of array was a commission given by English sovereigns to officers or gentry in a given territory to muster and array the inhabitants and to see them in a condition for war, or to put soldiers of a country in a condition for military service.

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Conisbrough Castle

Conisbrough Castle is a medieval fortification in Conisbrough, South Yorkshire, England.

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Court of King's Bench (England)

The Court of King's Bench, formally known as The Court of the King Before the King Himself, was a court of common law in the English legal system.

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Coventry

Coventry is a cathedral city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands county, in England, on the River Sherbourne.

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Curia regis

The curia regis, Latin for "the royal council" or "'''king's court'''", was the name given to councils of advisers and administrators in medieval Europe who served kings, including kings of France, Norman kings of England and Sicily, kings of Poland and the kings and queens of Scotland.

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Decapitation

Decapitation is the total separation of the head from the body.

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Dower house

A dower house is usually a moderately large house available for use by the widow of the previous owner of an English, Scottish, Welsh or Irish estate.

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Earl of Devon

Earl of Devon is a title that has been created several times in the Peerage of England.

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Edmund, Earl of Rutland

Edmund, Earl of Rutland (17 May 1443 – 30 December 1460) was the fourth child and second surviving son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, and Cecily Neville. John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford and Edmund, Earl of Rutland are 15th-century English nobility and people of the Wars of the Roses.

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Edward Hall

Edward Hall (–) was an English lawyer and historian, best known for his ''The Union of the Two Noble and Illustre Families of Lancastre and Yorke''—commonly known as Hall's Chronicle—first published in 1548.

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Edward IV

Edward IV (28 April 1442 – 9 April 1483) was King of England from 4 March 1461 to 3 October 1470, then again from 11 April 1471 until his death in 1483. John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford and Edward IV are 15th-century English nobility and people of the Wars of the Roses.

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Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales

Edward of Westminster (13 October 1453 – 4 May 1471), also known as Edward of Lancaster, was the only child of Henry VI of England and Margaret of Anjou. John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford and Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales are 15th-century English nobility, English military personnel killed in action and people of the Wars of the Roses.

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English feudal barony

In the kingdom of England, a feudal barony or barony by tenure was the highest degree of feudal land tenure, namely per baroniam (Latin for "by barony"), under which the land-holder owed the service of being one of the king's barons.

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Estate (law)

In common law, an estate is a living or deceased person's net worth.

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Ferrybridge

Ferrybridge is a village in West Yorkshire, England.

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First Battle of St Albans

The First Battle of St Albans took place on 22 May, 1455, at St Albans, 22 miles (35 km) north of London, and traditionally marks the beginning of the Wars of the Roses in England.

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Flanking maneuver

In military tactics, a flanking maneuver is a movement of an armed force around an enemy force's side, or flank, to achieve an advantageous position over it.

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Folklore

Folklore is the body of expressive culture shared by a particular group of people, culture or subculture.

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Ford (crossing)

A ford is a shallow place with good footing where a river or stream may be crossed by wading, or inside a vehicle getting its wheels wet.

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George Edward Cokayne

George Edward Cokayne (29 April 1825 – 6 August 1911) was an English genealogist and long-serving herald at the College of Arms in London, who eventually rose to the rank of Clarenceux King of Arms.

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Godparent

In denominations of Christianity, a godparent or sponsor is someone who bears witness to a child's baptism (christening) and later is willing to help in their catechesis, as well as their lifelong spiritual formation.

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Gregory's Chronicle

Gregory's Chronicle, the Chronicle of London, or MS Egerton 1995, is the name given to a fifteenth-century English chronicle.

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Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset

Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset (26 January 143615 May 1464) was an important Lancastrian military commander during the English Wars of the Roses. John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford and Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset are people of the Wars of the Roses.

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Henry Bromflete

Sir Henry Bromflete (died 1469) was an English landowner, courtier, soldier, administrator and diplomat from Yorkshire who married the Duke of York's widow and was created Baron Vessy but left no son to continue the title.

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Henry Clifford, 10th Baron Clifford

Henry Clifford, 10th Baron Clifford (23 April 1523) was an English nobleman. John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford and Henry Clifford, 10th Baron Clifford are 15th-century English nobility, barons de Clifford, Clifford family, high Sheriffs of Westmorland and people of the Wars of the Roses.

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Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter

Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter, 3rd Earl of Huntington (27 June 1430 – September 1475) was a Lancastrian leader during the English Wars of the Roses. John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford and Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter are people of the Wars of the Roses.

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Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland

Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (3 February 139322 May 1455) was an English nobleman and military commander in the lead up to the Wars of the Roses. John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford and Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland are English military personnel killed in action and people of the Wars of the Roses.

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Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland

Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland, (25 July 1421 – 29 March 1461) was an English magnate. John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford and Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland are 1461 deaths, 15th-century English nobility, English military personnel killed in action and people of the Wars of the Roses.

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Henry Summerson

Henry Summerson is an English historian.

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Henry VI of England

Henry VI (6 December 1421 – 21 May 1471) was King of England from 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471, and disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453. John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford and Henry VI of England are 15th-century English nobility and people of the Wars of the Roses.

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Henry VI, Part 3

Henry VI, Part 3 (often written as 3 Henry VI) is a history play by William Shakespeare believed to have been written in 1591 and set during the lifetime of King Henry VI of England.

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Henry VII of England

Henry VII (28 January 1457 – 21 April 1509) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford and Henry VII of England are people of the Wars of the Roses.

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Heraldic badge

A heraldic badge, emblem, impresa, device, or personal device worn as a badge indicates allegiance to, or the property of, an individual, family or corporate body.

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Heworth, York

Heworth is part of the city of York in North Yorkshire, England, about north-east of the centre.

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Holinshed's Chronicles

Holinshed's Chronicles, also known as Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, is a collaborative work published in several volumes and two editions, the first edition in 1577, and the second in 1587.

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House of Lancaster

The House of Lancaster was a cadet branch of the royal House of Plantagenet.

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House of Neville

The House of Neville or Nevill family (originally FitzMaldred) is a noble house of early medieval origin, which was a leading force in English politics in the Late Middle Ages.

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House of York

The House of York was a cadet branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet.

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John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset

John Beaufort, 1st Marquess of Somerset and 1st Marquess of Dorset, later only 1st Earl of Somerset, (c. 1373 – 16 March 1410) was an English nobleman and politician.

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John Harrington (knight)

Sir John Harrington (died 30 December 1460) of Hornby, Lancashire was a member of the English northern gentry.

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John Leland (antiquary)

John Leland or Leyland (13 September, – 18 April 1552) was an English poet and antiquary.

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John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu

John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu (c. 1431 – 14 April 1471) was a major magnate of fifteenth-century England. John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford and John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu are 15th-century English nobility, English military personnel killed in action and people of the Wars of the Roses.

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Justice of the peace

A justice of the peace (JP) is a judicial officer of a lower court, elected or appointed by means of a commission (letters patent) to keep the peace.

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Kingston upon Hull

Kingston upon Hull, usually shortened to Hull, is a port city and unitary authority area in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England.

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Knight

A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a head of state (including the pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the church or the country, especially in a military capacity.

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Livery

A livery is an identifying design, such as a uniform, ornament, symbol or insignia that designates ownership or affiliation, often found on an individual or vehicle.

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Lord Mayor of London

The Lord Mayor of London is the mayor of the City of London, England, and the leader of the City of London Corporation.

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Lord Warden of the Marches

The Lord Warden of the Marches was an office in the governments of Scotland and England.

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Loveday (arbitration)

A Loveday (dies amoris (Latin), jour d'amour (French)) was a day, in Medieval England, assigned to arbitrate between parties and resolve legal differences under arbitration rather than common law.

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Ludlow

Ludlow is a market town and civil parish in Shropshire, England.

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Ludlow Castle

Ludlow Castle is a ruined medieval fortification in the town of the same name in the English county of Shropshire, standing on a promontory overlooking the River Teme.

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Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Devon

Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Devon (c. 1409 – 1449) was a great-granddaughter of King Edward III (1327–1377).

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Margaret of Anjou

Margaret of Anjou (Marguerite; 23 March 1430 – 25 August 1482) was Queen of England by marriage to King Henry VI from 1445 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471. John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford and Margaret of Anjou are people of the Wars of the Roses.

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Michael Hicks (historian)

Michael A. Hicks (born 1948) is an English historian, specialising in the history of late medieval England, in particular the Wars of the Roses, the nature of late medieval society, and the kings and nobility of the period.

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Minor (law)

In law, a minor is someone under a certain age, usually the age of majority, which demarcates an underage individual from legal adulthood.

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Norfolk

Norfolk is a ceremonial county in the East of England and East Anglia.

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Parliament of Devils

The Parliament of Devils was a session of the Parliament of England held at Coventry in the Benedictine Priory of St. Mary's.

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Parliament of the United Kingdom

The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom, and may also legislate for the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories.

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Penrith Castle

Penrith Castle is a now-ruined medieval castle located in Penrith, in the north-west of England, a few miles to the east of the Lake District National Park.

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Percy family

The Percy family is an ancient English noble family.

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Percy–Neville feud

The Percy–Neville feud was a series of skirmishes, raids, and vandalism between two prominent northern English families, the House of Percy and the House of Neville, and their followers, that helped provoke the Wars of the Roses.

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Perkin Warbeck

Perkin Warbeck (1474 – 23 November 1499) was a pretender to the English throne claiming to be Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York, who was the second son of Edward IV and one of the so-called "Princes in the Tower".

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Philippa Neville

Philippa Neville, Baroness Dacre (1386–after 1453) was the third daughter of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, by his first wife, Margaret Stafford.

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Plating

Plating is a finishing process in which a metal is deposited on a surface.

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Prince of Wales's feathers

The Prince of Wales's feathers are the heraldic badge of the Prince of Wales, the heir to the British throne.

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Proof of Age

A Proof of Age was a mechanism during the Middle Ages in England by which heirs proved themself of legal age for inheritance purposes.

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Propaganda

Propaganda is communication that is primarily used to influence or persuade an audience to further an agenda, which may not be objective and may be selectively presenting facts to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using loaded language to produce an emotional rather than a rational response to the information that is being presented.

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Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland

Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland Earl Marshal (c. 136421 October 1425), was an English nobleman of the House of Neville. John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford and Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland are 15th-century English nobility.

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Reconnaissance

In military operations, military reconnaissance or scouting is the exploration of an area by military forces to obtain information about enemy forces, the terrain, and civil activities in the area of operations.

See John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford and Reconnaissance

Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick

Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, 6th Earl of Salisbury (22 November 1428 – 14 April 1471), known as Warwick the Kingmaker, was an English nobleman, administrator, landowner of the House of Neville fortune and military commander. John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford and Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick are 15th-century English nobility, English military personnel killed in action and people of the Wars of the Roses.

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Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury

Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury KG PC (1400 – 31 December 1460) was an English nobleman and magnate based in northern England who became a key supporter of the House of York during the early years of the Wars of the Roses. John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford and Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury are 15th-century English nobility and people of the Wars of the Roses.

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Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge

Richard of Conisbrough, 3rd Earl of Cambridge (20 July 1385 – 5 August 1415) was the second son of Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, and Isabella of Castile, Duchess of York.

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Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York

Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York (21 September 1411 – 30 December 1460), also named Richard Plantagenet, was a leading English magnate and claimant to the throne during the Wars of the Roses. John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford and Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York are 15th-century English nobility, English military personnel killed in action and people of the Wars of the Roses.

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River Aire

The River Aire is a major river in Yorkshire, England, in length.

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Rout

A rout is a panicked, disorderly and undisciplined retreat of troops from a battlefield, following a collapse in a given unit's command authority, unit cohesion and combat morale (esprit de corps).

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Sandal Castle

Sandal Castle is a ruined medieval castle in Sandal Magna, a suburb of the city of Wakefield in West Yorkshire, England, overlooking the River Calder.

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Second Battle of St Albans

The Second Battle of St Albans was fought on 17 February 1461 during the Wars of the Roses in St Albans, Hertfordshire, England (the First Battle of St Albans had been fought in 1455).

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Sharon Kay Penman

Sharon Kay Penman (August 13, 1945 – January 22, 2021) was an American historical novelist, published in the UK as Sharon Penman.

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Shepherd

A shepherd or sheepherder is a person who tends, herds, feeds, or guards flocks of sheep.

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Sheriff of Westmorland

Westmorland (sometimes spelled Westmoreland) in North West England was abolished in 1974 following Ted Heath's Local Government Act 1972. John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford and Sheriff of Westmorland are high Sheriffs of Westmorland.

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Ship of State

The Ship of State is an ancient and oft-cited metaphor, famously expounded by Plato in the Republic (Book 6, 488a–489d), which likens the governance of a city-state to the command of a vessel.

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Southampton Plot

The Southampton Plot was a conspiracy to depose King Henry V of England, revealed in 1415 just as the king was about to sail on campaign to France as part of the Hundred Years' War.

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St Albans

St Albans is a cathedral city in Hertfordshire, England, east of Hemel Hempstead and west of Hatfield, north-west of London, south-west of Welwyn Garden City and south-east of Luton.

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Temple Bar, London

Temple Bar was the principal ceremonial entrance to the City of London from the City of Westminster.

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The Complete Peerage

The Complete Peerage (full title: The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom Extant, Extinct, or Dormant); first edition by George Edward Cokayne, Clarenceux King of Arms; 2nd edition revised by Vicary Gibbs et al.) is a comprehensive work on the titled aristocracy of the British Isles.

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The Sunne in Splendour

The Sunne in Splendour is a historical novel written by Sharon Kay Penman.

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Thomas Clifford, 8th Baron Clifford

Thomas Clifford, 8th Baron de Clifford, also 8th Lord of Skipton (25 March 1414 – 22 May 1455), was the elder son of John, 7th Baron de Clifford, and Elizabeth Percy, daughter of Henry "Hotspur" Percy and Elizabeth Mortimer. John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford and Thomas Clifford, 8th Baron Clifford are 15th-century English nobility, barons de Clifford, Clifford family, English military personnel killed in action, high Sheriffs of Westmorland and people of the Wars of the Roses.

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Thomas Dacre, 6th Baron Dacre

Thomas Dacre, 6th Baron Dacre of Gilsland (27 October 1387 – 5 January 1458) was a medieval English nobleman.

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Thomas de Courtenay, 5th/13th Earl of Devon

Thomas de Courtenay, 5th/13th Earl of Devon (3 May 1414 – 3 February 1458) was a nobleman from South West England. John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford and Thomas de Courtenay, 5th/13th Earl of Devon are people of the Wars of the Roses.

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Thomas Neville (died 1460)

Sir Thomas Neville (1429 – 1460) was a medieval English politician and soldier. John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford and Thomas Neville (died 1460) are people of the Wars of the Roses.

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Thomas Percy, 1st Baron Egremont

Thomas Percy, 1st Baron Egremont (29 November 1422 – 10 July 1460) was a scion of a leading noble family from northern England during the fifteenth century. John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford and Thomas Percy, 1st Baron Egremont are English military personnel killed in action and people of the Wars of the Roses.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Clifford,_9th_Baron_Clifford

Also known as John Clifford, 9th Baron de Clifford, John Clifford, 9th Lord of Skipton.

, Henry VI of England, Henry VI, Part 3, Henry VII of England, Heraldic badge, Heworth, York, Holinshed's Chronicles, House of Lancaster, House of Neville, House of York, John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, John Harrington (knight), John Leland (antiquary), John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu, Justice of the peace, Kingston upon Hull, Knight, Livery, Lord Mayor of London, Lord Warden of the Marches, Loveday (arbitration), Ludlow, Ludlow Castle, Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Devon, Margaret of Anjou, Michael Hicks (historian), Minor (law), Norfolk, Parliament of Devils, Parliament of the United Kingdom, Penrith Castle, Percy family, Percy–Neville feud, Perkin Warbeck, Philippa Neville, Plating, Prince of Wales's feathers, Proof of Age, Propaganda, Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, Reconnaissance, Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury, Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge, Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York, River Aire, Rout, Sandal Castle, Second Battle of St Albans, Sharon Kay Penman, Shepherd, Sheriff of Westmorland, Ship of State, Southampton Plot, St Albans, Temple Bar, London, The Complete Peerage, The Sunne in Splendour, Thomas Clifford, 8th Baron Clifford, Thomas Dacre, 6th Baron Dacre, Thomas de Courtenay, 5th/13th Earl of Devon, Thomas Neville (died 1460), Thomas Percy, 1st Baron Egremont, Thomas Ros, 9th Baron Ros, Wars of the Roses, West Riding of Yorkshire, Westminster, Westmorland, Will and testament, William Shakespeare, William Worcester, Yorkshire.

John Clifford, 9th Baron Clifford, the Glossary

Table of Contents

See also

Barons de Clifford

Clifford family

High Sheriffs of Westmorland

References