John Didcott, the Glossary
John Mowbray Didcott (14 August 1931 – 20 October 1998) was a South African judge who served in the Constitutional Court of South Africa from February 1995 until his death in October 1998.[1]
Table of Contents
102 relations: Abe Bailey, Administrative law, Advocate, Apartheid, Apartheid legislation, Arthur Chaskalson, Bill of rights, Burden of proof (law), Cape Argus, Cape Town, Capital punishment in South Africa, Chief Justice of South Africa, Chris Nicholson (judge), Civil law (common law), Columbia Law School, Commercial law, Common law, Constitutional Court of South Africa, David Dyzenhaus, Dennis Davis (judge), Durban, Edwin King, Electoral Court of South Africa, Etienne Mureinik, Fatima Meer, Freedom of speech, George Bizos, Grandmaster (chess), Hilton College (South Africa), Honorary degree, Human rights, In re Dube, Independent Online, Interim Constitution (South Africa), Internal resistance to apartheid, International human rights law, Ismail Mahomed, Jack Greenberg, John Milne (judge), Judicial Service Commission (South Africa), Judiciary of South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal Division, Laurie Ackermann, Law's Empire, Legal aid, Legal interpretation in South Africa, Legislative intent, Leukemia, Liberal Party of South Africa, List of people subject to banning orders under apartheid, ... Expand index (52 more) »
- Deaths from leukemia in South Africa
- Judges of the Constitutional Court of South Africa
Abe Bailey
Sir Abraham Bailey, 1st Baronet (6 November 1864 – 10 August 1940), known as Abe Bailey, was a South African diamond and gold tycoon, politician, financier and cricketer.
See John Didcott and Abe Bailey
Administrative law
Administrative law is a division of law governing the activities of executive branch agencies of government.
See John Didcott and Administrative law
Advocate
An advocate is a professional in the field of law.
Apartheid
Apartheid (especially South African English) was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 to the early 1990s.
See John Didcott and Apartheid
Apartheid legislation
The system of racial segregation and oppression in South Africa known as apartheid was implemented and enforced by many acts and other laws.
See John Didcott and Apartheid legislation
Arthur Chaskalson
Arthur Chaskalson SCOB, (24 November 1931 – 1 December 2012) was President of the Constitutional Court of South Africa from 1994 to 2001 and Chief Justice of South Africa from 2001 to 2005. John Didcott and Arthur Chaskalson are 20th-century South African judges, Alumni of Hilton College (South Africa), deaths from leukemia in South Africa and judges of the Constitutional Court of South Africa.
See John Didcott and Arthur Chaskalson
Bill of rights
A bill of rights, sometimes called a declaration of rights or a charter of rights, is a list of the most important rights to the citizens of a country.
See John Didcott and Bill of rights
Burden of proof (law)
In a legal dispute, one party has the burden of proof to show that they are correct, while the other party has no such burden and is presumed to be correct.
See John Didcott and Burden of proof (law)
Cape Argus
The Cape Argus is a daily newspaper co-founded in 1857 by Saul Solomon and published by Sekunjalo in Cape Town, South Africa.
See John Didcott and Cape Argus
Cape Town
Cape Town is the legislative capital of South Africa.
See John Didcott and Cape Town
Capital punishment in South Africa
Capital punishment in South Africa was abolished on 6 June 1995 by the ruling of the Constitutional Court in the case of S v Makwanyane, following a five-year and four-month moratorium that had been in effect since February 1990.
See John Didcott and Capital punishment in South Africa
Chief Justice of South Africa
The Chief Justice of South Africa is the most senior judge of the Constitutional Court and head of the judiciary of South Africa, who exercises final authority over the functioning and management of all the courts.
See John Didcott and Chief Justice of South Africa
Chris Nicholson (judge)
Christopher Robert Nicholson, SC (born on 5 February 1945) is a retired South African High Court judge and a former cricketer, who played one first-class match for South African Universities in 1967. John Didcott and Chris Nicholson (judge) are 20th-century South African judges, south African Senior Counsel and south African people of British descent.
See John Didcott and Chris Nicholson (judge)
Civil law (common law)
Civil law is a major "branch of the law", for example in common law legal systems such as those in England and Wales and in the United States, where it stands in contrast to criminal law.
See John Didcott and Civil law (common law)
Columbia Law School
Columbia Law School (CLS) is the law school of Columbia University, a private Ivy League university in New York City.
See John Didcott and Columbia Law School
Commercial law
Commercial law (or business law), which is also known by other names such as mercantile law or trade law depending on jurisdiction; is the body of law that applies to the rights, relations, and conduct of persons and organizations engaged in commercial and business activities.
See John Didcott and Commercial law
Common law
Common law (also known as judicial precedent, judge-made law, or case law) is the body of law created by judges and similar quasi-judicial tribunals by virtue of being stated in written opinions.
See John Didcott and Common law
Constitutional Court of South Africa
The Constitutional Court of South Africa is a supreme constitutional court established by the Constitution of South Africa, and is the apex court in the South African judicial system, with general jurisdiction.
See John Didcott and Constitutional Court of South Africa
David Dyzenhaus
Professor David Dyzenhaus is a South African-born, Canadian jurist who is currently Professor of Law and Philosophy at the University of Toronto, holding the Albert Abel Chair of Law.
See John Didcott and David Dyzenhaus
Dennis Davis (judge)
David Martin Dennis (born 1 May 1951) is a South African legal academic, jurist, and retired judge who was the Judge President of the Competition Appeal Court between 2000 and 2020. John Didcott and Dennis Davis (judge) are 20th-century South African judges, 20th-century South African lawyers and university of Cape Town alumni.
See John Didcott and Dennis Davis (judge)
Durban
Durban (eThekwini, from itheku meaning "bay, lagoon") is the third-most populous city in South Africa, after Johannesburg and Cape Town, and the largest city in the province of KwaZulu-Natal.
Edwin King
Edwin Leslie King SC (25 September 1929 – 28 May 2015) known as 'Sharkey', was a judge of the High Court of South Africa and Judge President of the Western Cape High Court. John Didcott and Edwin King are 20th-century South African judges, south African Senior Counsel and university of Cape Town alumni.
See John Didcott and Edwin King
Electoral Court of South Africa
The Electoral Court is a South African court that oversees the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) and the conduct of elections.
See John Didcott and Electoral Court of South Africa
Etienne Mureinik
Etienne Mureinik (January 1954 – 10 July 1996) was a South African lawyer and legal scholar. John Didcott and Etienne Mureinik are 20th-century South African lawyers.
See John Didcott and Etienne Mureinik
Fatima Meer
Fatima Meer (12 August 1928 – 12 March 2010) was a South African writer, academic, screenwriter, and prominent anti-apartheid activist.
See John Didcott and Fatima Meer
Freedom of speech
Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or legal sanction.
See John Didcott and Freedom of speech
George Bizos
George Bizos (Γιώργος Μπίζος; 14 November 19279 September 2020) was a Greek-South African human rights lawyer who campaigned against apartheid in South Africa. John Didcott and George Bizos are 20th-century South African lawyers.
See John Didcott and George Bizos
Grandmaster (chess)
Grandmaster (GM) is a title awarded to chess players by the world chess organization FIDE.
See John Didcott and Grandmaster (chess)
Hilton College (South Africa)
Hilton College, more commonly referred to as Hilton, is a South African private boarding school for boys located near the town of Hilton in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands and is situated on a 1,762 ha (4,350 acre) estate that includes a 550 ha (1,400 acre) wildlife reserve and the 150 ha (370 acre) school campus Hilton College was founded in 1872 by Gould Arthur Lucas and Reverend William Orde Newnham as a non-denominational Christian boys' school.
See John Didcott and Hilton College (South Africa)
Honorary degree
An honorary degree is an academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding institution) has waived all of the usual requirements.
See John Didcott and Honorary degree
Human rights
Human rights are moral principles or normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, 13 December 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,.
See John Didcott and Human rights
In re Dube
In re Dube is a famous case in South African law, heard and decided by Milne J and Didcott J in the Natal Provincial Division on May 1, 1979.
See John Didcott and In re Dube
Independent Online
Independent Online, popularly known as IOL, is a news website based in South Africa that has been involved in various controversies, including making up fake stories, fictitious journalists and doxing.
See John Didcott and Independent Online
Interim Constitution (South Africa)
The Interim Constitution was the fundamental law of South Africa from during the first non-racial general election on 27 April 1994 until it was superseded by the final constitution on 4 February 1997.
See John Didcott and Interim Constitution (South Africa)
Internal resistance to apartheid
Internal resistance to apartheid in South Africa originated from several independent sectors of South African society and took forms ranging from social movements and passive resistance to guerrilla warfare.
See John Didcott and Internal resistance to apartheid
International human rights law
International human rights law (IHRL) is the body of international law designed to promote human rights on social, regional, and domestic levels.
See John Didcott and International human rights law
Ismail Mahomed
Ismail Mahomed SCOB SC (5 July 1931 – 17 June 2000) was a South African lawyer and jurist who served as the first black Chief Justice of South Africa from January 1997 until his death in June 2000. John Didcott and Ismail Mahomed are 20th-century South African judges, 20th-century South African lawyers and judges of the Constitutional Court of South Africa.
See John Didcott and Ismail Mahomed
Jack Greenberg
Jack Greenberg (December 22, 1924 – October 12, 2016) was an American attorney and legal scholar.
See John Didcott and Jack Greenberg
John Milne (judge)
Alexander John Milne (18 December 1929 – 17 December 1993) was a South African judge from Natal Province. John Didcott and John Milne (judge) are 20th-century South African judges, 20th-century South African lawyers, Alumni of Hilton College (South Africa) and south African Senior Counsel.
See John Didcott and John Milne (judge)
Judicial Service Commission (South Africa)
The Judicial Service Commission is a body specially constituted by the South African Constitution to recommend persons for appointment to the judiciary of South Africa.
See John Didcott and Judicial Service Commission (South Africa)
Judiciary of South Africa
The judiciary of South Africa is the body of judges and magistrates who sit in the courts of South Africa.
See John Didcott and Judiciary of South Africa
KwaZulu-Natal Division
The KwaZulu-Natal Division of the High Court of South Africa is a superior court of law with general jurisdiction over the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa.
See John Didcott and KwaZulu-Natal Division
Laurie Ackermann
Lourens Wepener Hugo "Laurie" Ackermann (14 January 1934 – 25 May 2024) was a South African retired judge who served on the Constitutional Court of South Africa from 1994 to 2004. John Didcott and Laurie Ackermann are 20th-century South African judges, 20th-century South African lawyers, judges of the Constitutional Court of South Africa and south African Senior Counsel.
See John Didcott and Laurie Ackermann
Law's Empire
Law's Empire is a 1986 text in legal philosophy by Ronald Dworkin, in which the author continues his criticism of the philosophy of legal positivism as promoted by H.L.A. Hart during the middle to late 20th century.
See John Didcott and Law's Empire
Legal aid
Legal aid is the provision of assistance to people who are unable to afford legal representation and access to the court system.
See John Didcott and Legal aid
Legal interpretation in South Africa
Legal interpretation in South Africa refers to the juridical understanding of South African legislation and case law, and the rules and principles used to construct its meaning for judicial purposes.
See John Didcott and Legal interpretation in South Africa
Legislative intent
In law, the legislative intent of the legislature in enacting legislation may sometimes be considered by the judiciary to interpret the law (see judicial interpretation).
See John Didcott and Legislative intent
Leukemia
Leukemia (also spelled leukaemia; pronounced) is a group of blood cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and produce high numbers of abnormal blood cells.
Liberal Party of South Africa
The Liberal Party of South Africa was a South African political party from 1953 to 1968.
See John Didcott and Liberal Party of South Africa
List of people subject to banning orders under apartheid
This is a selection of people subject to a "banning order" by the apartheid-era South African government.
See John Didcott and List of people subject to banning orders under apartheid
Mail & Guardian
The Mail & Guardian, formerly the Weekly Mail, is a South African weekly newspaper and website, published by M&G Media in Johannesburg, South Africa.
See John Didcott and Mail & Guardian
Mandatory sentencing
Mandatory sentencing requires that offenders serve a predefined term of imprisonment for certain crimes, commonly serious or violent offenses.
See John Didcott and Mandatory sentencing
Matriculation in South Africa
In South Africa, matriculation (or matric) is the final year of high school and the qualification received on graduating from high school, and the minimum university entrance requirements.
See John Didcott and Matriculation in South Africa
The Metal and Allied Workers' Union (MAWU) was a trade union representing workers in metalworking, engineering and related industries in South Africa.
See John Didcott and Metal and Allied Workers' Union
Michael Corbett (judge)
Michael McGregor Corbett, OMS, LLB (14 September 1923 – 16 September 2007) was a former Chief Justice of South Africa (1989–1996).
See John Didcott and Michael Corbett (judge)
Mitigating factor
In criminal law, a mitigating factor, also known as an extenuating circumstance, is any information or evidence presented to the court regarding the defendant or the circumstances of the crime that might result in reduced charges or a lesser sentence.
See John Didcott and Mitigating factor
Natal (province)
The Province of Natal, commonly called Natal, was a province of South Africa from May 1910 until May 1994.
See John Didcott and Natal (province)
National Union of South African Students
The National Union of South African Students (NUSAS) was an important force for liberalism and later radicalism in South African student anti-apartheid politics.
See John Didcott and National Union of South African Students
Natural justice
In English law, natural justice is technical terminology for the rule against bias (nemo iudex in causa sua) and the right to a fair hearing (audi alteram partem).
See John Didcott and Natural justice
Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa
The apartheid system in South Africa was ended through a series of bilateral and multi-party negotiations between 1990 and 1993.
See John Didcott and Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa
Nelson Mandela
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (born Rolihlahla Mandela; 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid activist, politician, and statesman who served as the first president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. John Didcott and Nelson Mandela are 20th-century South African lawyers.
See John Didcott and Nelson Mandela
New York City
New York, often called New York City (to distinguish it from New York State) or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States.
See John Didcott and New York City
P. W. Botha
Pieter Willem Botha, (12 January 1916 – 31 October 2006) was a South African politician.
See John Didcott and P. W. Botha
Parliamentary sovereignty
Parliamentary sovereignty, also called parliamentary supremacy or legislative supremacy, is a concept in the constitutional law of some parliamentary democracies.
See John Didcott and Parliamentary sovereignty
Pius Langa
Pius Nkonzo Langa SCOB (25 March 1939 – 24 July 2013) was Chief Justice of South Africa from June 2005 to October 2009. John Didcott and Pius Langa are 20th-century South African judges, 20th-century South African lawyers, judges of the Constitutional Court of South Africa and south African Senior Counsel.
See John Didcott and Pius Langa
Private property
Private property is a legal designation for the ownership of property by non-governmental legal entities.
See John Didcott and Private property
Public law
Public law is the part of law that governs relations and affairs between legal persons and a government, between different institutions within a state, between different branches of governments, as well as relationships between persons that are of direct concern to society.
See John Didcott and Public law
Raymond Wacks
Raymond Wacks is Emeritus Professor of Law and Legal Theory at the University of Hong Kong, where he was Head of the Department of Law from 1986 to 1993.
See John Didcott and Raymond Wacks
Restraint of trade
Restraints of trade is a common law doctrine relating to the enforceability of contractual restrictions on freedom to conduct business.
See John Didcott and Restraint of trade
Rhodes Scholarship
The Rhodes Scholarship is an international postgraduate award for students to study at the University of Oxford in Oxford, United Kingdom.
See John Didcott and Rhodes Scholarship
Richard Goldstone
Richard Joseph Goldstone (born 26 October 1938) is a South African retired judge who served in the Constitutional Court of South Africa from July 1994 to October 2003. John Didcott and Richard Goldstone are 20th-century South African judges, judges of the Constitutional Court of South Africa and south African Senior Counsel.
See John Didcott and Richard Goldstone
Right to counsel
In criminal law, the right to counsel means a defendant has a legal right to have the assistance of counsel (i.e., lawyers) and, if the defendant cannot afford a lawyer, requires that the government appoint one or pay the defendant's legal expenses.
See John Didcott and Right to counsel
Ronald Dworkin
Ronald Myles Dworkin (December 11, 1931 – February 14, 2013) was an American legal philosopher, jurist, and scholar of United States constitutional law.
See John Didcott and Ronald Dworkin
Rule of law
The rule of law is a political ideal that all citizens and institutions within a country, state, or community are accountable to the same laws, including lawmakers and leaders.
See John Didcott and Rule of law
S v Makwanyane
S v Makwanyane and Another (CCT 3/94) was a landmark 1995 judgement of the Constitutional Court of South Africa.
See John Didcott and S v Makwanyane
S v Vermaas
In S v Vermaas; S v Du Plessis 1995 (3) SA 292 (CC); 1995 (7) BCLR 851(CC), the accused were charged with multiple counts of fraud.
See John Didcott and S v Vermaas
Sandile Ngcobo
Sandile Ngcobo (born 1 March 1953) is a retired South African judge who was the Chief Justice of South Africa from October 2009 to August 2011. John Didcott and Sandile Ngcobo are 20th-century South African judges, 20th-century South African lawyers, judges of the Constitutional Court of South Africa and people from Durban.
See John Didcott and Sandile Ngcobo
Security Branch (South Africa)
The Security Branch of the South African Police, established in 1947 as the Special Branch, was the security police apparatus of the apartheid state in South Africa.
See John Didcott and Security Branch (South Africa)
Senior counsel
The title of Senior Counsel or State Counsel (post-nominal letters: SC) is given to a senior lawyer in some countries that were formerly part of the British Empire.
See John Didcott and Senior counsel
Separation of powers
The separation of powers principle functionally differentiates several types of state power (usually law-making, adjudication, and execution) and requires these operations of government to be conceptually and institutionally distinguishable and articulated, thereby maintaining the integrity of each.
See John Didcott and Separation of powers
Sharpeville massacre
The Sharpeville massacre occurred on 21 March 1960 at the police station in the township of Sharpeville in the then Transvaal Province of the then Union of South Africa (today part of Gauteng).
See John Didcott and Sharpeville massacre
South African History Project
The South African History Project (2001-2004) was established and initiated by Professor Kader Asmal, former Minister of Education in South Africa.
See John Didcott and South African History Project
South African Institute of Race Relations
The South African Institute of Race Relations (IRR) is a research and policy organisation in South Africa.
See John Didcott and South African Institute of Race Relations
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia is the geographical southeastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and northwest of the Australian mainland, which is part of Oceania.
See John Didcott and Southeast Asia
Southern Rhodesia
Southern Rhodesia was a landlocked, self-governing British Crown colony in Southern Africa, established in 1923 and consisting of British South Africa Company (BSAC) territories lying south of the Zambezi River.
See John Didcott and Southern Rhodesia
State of emergency
A state of emergency is a situation in which a government is empowered to put through policies that it would normally not be permitted to do, for the safety and protection of its citizens.
See John Didcott and State of emergency
Student activism
Student activism or campus activism is work by students to cause political, environmental, economic, or social change.
See John Didcott and Student activism
Supreme Court of Appeal (South Africa)
The Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA), formerly known as the Appellate Division, is the second-highest court of appeal in South Africa below the Constitutional Court.
See John Didcott and Supreme Court of Appeal (South Africa)
Supreme Court of South Africa
The Supreme Court of South Africa was a superior court of law in South Africa from 1910 to 1997.
See John Didcott and Supreme Court of South Africa
Terrorism Act, 1967
The Terrorism Act No 83 of 1967 was a law of the South African Apartheid regime until all except section 7 was repealed under the Internal Security and Intimidation Amendment Act 138 of 1991.
See John Didcott and Terrorism Act, 1967
Textualism
Textualism is a formalist theory in which the interpretation of the law is based exclusively on the ordinary meaning of the legal text, where no consideration is given to non-textual sources, such as intention of the law when passed, the problem it was intended to remedy, or significant questions regarding the justice or rectitude of the law.
See John Didcott and Textualism
Union of South Africa
The Union of South Africa (Unie van Zuid-Afrika; Unie van Suid-Afrika) was the historical predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa.
See John Didcott and Union of South Africa
United Democratic Front (South Africa)
The United Democratic Front (UDF) was a South African popular front that existed from 1983 to 1991.
See John Didcott and United Democratic Front (South Africa)
United States Bill of Rights
The United States Bill of Rights comprises the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution.
See John Didcott and United States Bill of Rights
University of Cape Town
The University of Cape Town (UCT)(Universiteit van Kaapstad, iYunivesithi yaseKapa) is a public research university in Cape Town, South Africa.
See John Didcott and University of Cape Town
University of Cape Town Libraries
University of Cape Town Libraries (UCT Libraries) is the library system of the University of Cape Town in Cape Town, South Africa.
See John Didcott and University of Cape Town Libraries
University of Durban-Westville
The University of Durban-Westville (UDW) was a university situated in Westville, a town situated near Durban, South Africa, which opened in 1972.
See John Didcott and University of Durban-Westville
University of Natal
The University of Natal was a university in the former South African province Natal which later became KwaZulu-Natal.
See John Didcott and University of Natal
University of the Witwatersrand
The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, commonly known as Wits University or Wits, is a multi-campus public research university situated in the northern areas of central Johannesburg, South Africa.
See John Didcott and University of the Witwatersrand
Vaal uprising
The Vaal uprising was a period of popular revolt in black townships in apartheid South Africa, beginning in the Vaal Triangle on 3 September 1984.
See John Didcott and Vaal uprising
Zach de Beer
Zacharias Johannes de Beer (11 October 1928 – 27 May 1999) was a South African politician, businessman and diplomat. John Didcott and Zach de Beer are university of Cape Town alumni.
See John Didcott and Zach de Beer
1994 South African general election
General elections were held in South Africa between 26 and 29 April 1994.
See John Didcott and 1994 South African general election
See also
Deaths from leukemia in South Africa
- Arthur Chaskalson
- John Didcott
- Kitch Christie
- Sylvia Raphael
- Theuns Jordaan
Judges of the Constitutional Court of South Africa
- Albie Sachs
- Arthur Chaskalson
- Bess Nkabinde
- Chris Jafta
- Dikgang Moseneke
- Edwin Cameron
- Ismail Mahomed
- Jody Kollapen
- Johan Froneman
- Johann Kriegler
- Johann van der Westhuizen
- John Didcott
- Kate O'Regan
- Laurie Ackermann
- Leona Theron
- Mandisa Maya
- Mbuyiseli Madlanga
- Mogoeng Mogoeng
- Nonkosi Mhlantla
- Owen Rogers
- Pius Langa
- Rammaka Mathopo
- Raymond Zondo
- Richard Goldstone
- Sandile Ngcobo
- Sisi Khampepe
- Steven Majiedt
- Sydney Kentridge
- Thembile Skweyiya
- Tholie Madala
- Yvonne Mokgoro
- Zak Yacoob
- Zukisa Tshiqi
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Didcott
Also known as Didcott, John.
, Mail & Guardian, Mandatory sentencing, Matriculation in South Africa, Metal and Allied Workers' Union, Michael Corbett (judge), Mitigating factor, Natal (province), National Union of South African Students, Natural justice, Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa, Nelson Mandela, New York City, P. W. Botha, Parliamentary sovereignty, Pius Langa, Private property, Public law, Raymond Wacks, Restraint of trade, Rhodes Scholarship, Richard Goldstone, Right to counsel, Ronald Dworkin, Rule of law, S v Makwanyane, S v Vermaas, Sandile Ngcobo, Security Branch (South Africa), Senior counsel, Separation of powers, Sharpeville massacre, South African History Project, South African Institute of Race Relations, Southeast Asia, Southern Rhodesia, State of emergency, Student activism, Supreme Court of Appeal (South Africa), Supreme Court of South Africa, Terrorism Act, 1967, Textualism, Union of South Africa, United Democratic Front (South Africa), United States Bill of Rights, University of Cape Town, University of Cape Town Libraries, University of Durban-Westville, University of Natal, University of the Witwatersrand, Vaal uprising, Zach de Beer, 1994 South African general election.