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KERNAL, the Glossary

Index KERNAL

KERNAL is Commodore's name for the ROM-resident operating system core in its 8-bit home computers; from the original PET of 1977, followed by the extended but related versions used in its successors: the VIC-20, Commodore 64, Plus/4, Commodore 16, and Commodore 128.[1]

Table of Contents

  1. 42 relations: Accumulator (computing), Adventure International, Assembly language, Backronym, Backward compatibility, Berkeley Softworks, BIOS, Branch table, Carriage return, Cc65, Commodore 128, Commodore 16, Commodore 64, Commodore BASIC, Commodore International, Commodore PET, Commodore Plus/4, Core dump, Device driver, Fast loader, Function (computer programming), GEOS (8-bit operating system), GPIB, Graphical user interface, Hexadecimal, Home computer, Index register, Ioctl, Jim Butterfield, Kernel (operating system), Kilobyte, MOS Technology 6502, Operating system, PETSCII, Plan 9 from Bell Labs, Read-only memory, ROM cartridge, RS-232, System call, Unix, VIC-20, 8-bit computing.

  2. 1977 software
  3. Nonstandard spelling
  4. Operating system kernels

Accumulator (computing)

In a computer's central processing unit (CPU), the accumulator is a register in which intermediate arithmetic logic unit results are stored.

See KERNAL and Accumulator (computing)

Adventure International

Adventure International was an American video game publishing company that existed from 1979 until 1986.

See KERNAL and Adventure International

Assembly language

In computer programming, assembly language (alternatively assembler language or symbolic machine code), often referred to simply as assembly and commonly abbreviated as ASM or asm, is any low-level programming language with a very strong correspondence between the instructions in the language and the architecture's machine code instructions.

See KERNAL and Assembly language

Backronym

A backronym is an acronym formed from an already existing word by expanding its letters into the words of a phrase.

See KERNAL and Backronym

Backward compatibility

In telecommunications and computing, backward compatibility (or backwards compatibility) is a property of an operating system, software, real-world product, or technology that allows for interoperability with an older legacy system, or with input designed for such a system.

See KERNAL and Backward compatibility

Berkeley Softworks

Berkeley Softworks, Inc., later GeoWorks Corporation, was an American software-development company founded by American computing engineer and former Mattel employee Brian P. Dougherty in 1983.

See KERNAL and Berkeley Softworks

BIOS

In computing, BIOS (Basic Input/Output System, also known as the System BIOS, ROM BIOS, BIOS ROM or PC BIOS) is firmware used to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs and to perform hardware initialization during the booting process (power-on startup).

See KERNAL and BIOS

Branch table

In computer programming, a branch table or jump table is a method of transferring program control (branching) to another part of a program (or a different program that may have been dynamically loaded) using a table of branch or jump instructions.

See KERNAL and Branch table

Carriage return

A carriage return, sometimes known as a cartridge return and often shortened to CR, or return, is a control character or mechanism used to reset a device's position to the beginning of a line of text.

See KERNAL and Carriage return

Cc65

cc65 is a cross development package for 6502 and 65C02 targets, including a macro assembler, a C cross compiler, linker, librarian and several other tools. KERNAL and Cc65 are Commodore 64.

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Commodore 128

The Commodore 128, also known as the C128, C-128, or C.

See KERNAL and Commodore 128

Commodore 16

The Commodore 16 is a home computer made by Commodore International with a 6502-compatible 7501 or 8501 CPU, released in 1984 and intended to be an entry-level computer to replace the VIC-20.

See KERNAL and Commodore 16

Commodore 64

The Commodore 64, also known as the C64, is an 8-bit home computer introduced in January 1982 by Commodore International (first shown at the Consumer Electronics Show, January 7–10, 1982, in Las Vegas).

See KERNAL and Commodore 64

Commodore BASIC

Commodore BASIC, also known as PET BASIC or CBM-BASIC, is the dialect of the BASIC programming language used in Commodore International's 8-bit home computer line, stretching from the PET (1977) to the Commodore 128 (1985).

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Commodore International

Commodore International Corporation (other names include Commodore International Limited) was a Bahamian home computer and electronics manufacturer with executive offices in the United States founded by Jack Tramiel and Irving Gould. Commodore International (CI), along with its subsidiary Commodore Business Machines (CBM), was a significant participant in the development of the home computer industry in the 1970s to early 1990s.

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Commodore PET

The Commodore PET is a line of personal computers produced starting in 1977 by Commodore International.

See KERNAL and Commodore PET

Commodore Plus/4

The Commodore Plus/4 is a home computer released by Commodore International in 1984.

See KERNAL and Commodore Plus/4

Core dump

In computing, a core dump, memory dump, crash dump, storage dump, system dump, or ABEND dump consists of the recorded state of the working memory of a computer program at a specific time, generally when the program has crashed or otherwise terminated abnormally.

See KERNAL and Core dump

Device driver

In the context of an operating system, a device driver is a computer program that operates or controls a particular type of device that is attached to a computer or automaton.

See KERNAL and Device driver

Fast loader

A fast loader is a software program for a home computer, such as the Commodore 64 or ZX Spectrum, that accelerates the speed of file loading from floppy disk or compact cassette.

See KERNAL and Fast loader

Function (computer programming)

In computer programming, a function, procedure, method, subroutine, routine, or subprogram is a callable unit of software logic that has a well-defined interface and behavior and can be invoked multiple times.

See KERNAL and Function (computer programming)

GEOS (8-bit operating system)

GEOS (Graphic Environment Operating System) is a discontinued operating system from Berkeley Softworks (later GeoWorks).

See KERNAL and GEOS (8-bit operating system)

GPIB

IEEE 488 cable with stacking connectors IEEE 488, also known as HP-IB (Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus) and generically as GPIB (General Purpose Interface Bus), is a short-range digital communications 8-bit parallel multi-master interface bus specification developed by Hewlett-Packard.

See KERNAL and GPIB

Graphical user interface

A graphical user interface, or GUI, is a form of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation.

See KERNAL and Graphical user interface

Hexadecimal

In mathematics and computing, the hexadecimal (also base-16 or simply hex) numeral system is a positional numeral system that represents numbers using a radix (base) of sixteen.

See KERNAL and Hexadecimal

Home computer

Home computers were a class of microcomputers that entered the market in 1977 and became common during the 1980s.

See KERNAL and Home computer

Index register

An index register in a computer's CPU is a processor register (or an assigned memory location) used for pointing to operand addresses during the run of a program.

See KERNAL and Index register

Ioctl

In computing, ioctl (an abbreviation of input/output control) is a system call for device-specific input/output operations and other operations which cannot be expressed by regular file semantics.

See KERNAL and Ioctl

Jim Butterfield

Frank James "Jim" Butterfield (14 February 1936 – 29 June 2007), was a Toronto-based computer programmer, author, and television personality known for his work with early microcomputers.

See KERNAL and Jim Butterfield

Kernel (operating system)

The kernel is a computer program at the core of a computer's operating system and generally has complete control over everything in the system. KERNAL and kernel (operating system) are operating system kernels.

See KERNAL and Kernel (operating system)

Kilobyte

The kilobyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information.

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MOS Technology 6502

The MOS Technology 6502 (typically pronounced "sixty-five-oh-two") William Mensch and the moderator both pronounce the 6502 microprocessor as "sixty-five-oh-two".

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Operating system

An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources, and provides common services for computer programs.

See KERNAL and Operating system

PETSCII

PETSCII (PET Standard Code of Information Interchange), also known as CBM ASCII, is the character set used in Commodore Business Machines' 8-bit home computers. KERNAL and PETSCII are Commodore 64.

See KERNAL and PETSCII

Plan 9 from Bell Labs

Plan 9 from Bell Labs is a distributed operating system which originated from the Computing Science Research Center (CSRC) at Bell Labs in the mid-1980s and built on UNIX concepts first developed there in the late 1960s.

See KERNAL and Plan 9 from Bell Labs

Read-only memory

Read-only memory (ROM) is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices.

See KERNAL and Read-only memory

ROM cartridge

A ROM cartridge, usually referred to in context simply as a cartridge, cart, or card, is a replaceable part designed to be connected to a consumer electronics device such as a home computer, video game console or, to a lesser extent, electronic musical instruments.

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RS-232

In telecommunications, RS-232 or Recommended Standard 232 is a standard originally introduced in 1960 for serial communication transmission of data.

See KERNAL and RS-232

System call

In computing, a system call (commonly abbreviated to syscall) is the programmatic way in which a computer program requests a service from the operating system on which it is executed.

See KERNAL and System call

Unix

Unix (trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multi-user computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, whose development started in 1969 at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others.

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VIC-20

The VIC-20 (known as the VC-20 in Germany and the VIC-1001 in Japan) is an 8-bit home computer that was sold by Commodore Business Machines.

See KERNAL and VIC-20

8-bit computing

In computer architecture, 8-bit integers or other data units are those that are 8 bits wide (1 octet).

See KERNAL and 8-bit computing

See also

1977 software

Nonstandard spelling

Operating system kernels

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KERNAL

Also known as Commodore Kernal.