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Khwarazmian Empire, the Glossary

The Khwarazmian Empire, also called the Empire of the Khwarazmshahs or simply Khwarazm, was a culturally Persianate, Sunni Muslim empire of Turkic mamluk origin.^[1]

166 relations: Abbasid Caliphate, Absolute monarchy, Abu'l-Harith Muhammad, Afghanistan, Afrighids, Ahlat, Ahmad Sanjar, Al-Jazira (caliphal province), Al-Nasir, Al-Salih Ismail, Emir of Damascus, Al-Taj Gümüshtegin, Ala al-Din Tekish, Alborz, Anushtegin dynasty, Anushtegin Gharchai, Arabic, Arabic name, Aral Sea, Armenia, As-Salih Ayyub, Atsiz, Autocracy, Ayyubid dynasty, Azerbaijan (Iran), Özgön, Balkh, Bashkirs, Battle of Forbie, Battle of Hattin, Battle of Jerusalem, Battle of Qatwan, Battle of the Indus, Battle of Yassıçemen, Begdili, British Empire, Bukhara, Cambridge University Press, Caspian Sea, Caucasus, Central Asia, Chigils, Clifford Edmund Bosworth, Crusades, Culture of Iran, Cuman language, Cumans, Delhi Sultanate, Diarchy, Dirham, Divan, ... Expand index (116 more) »
11th century in Iran
1231 disestablishments in Asia
12th century in Iran
13th century in Iran
Medieval Khorasan
Medieval history of Azerbaijan
States and territories established in 1077

Abbasid Caliphate

The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire (translit) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Abbasid Caliphate

Absolute monarchy

Absolute monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the sovereign is the sole source of political power, unconstrained by constitutions, legislatures or other checks on their authority.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Absolute monarchy

Abu'l-Harith Muhammad

Abu'l-Harith Muhammad was ruler of Khwarazm for a period in 1017.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Abu'l-Harith Muhammad

Afghanistan

Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Afghanistan

Afrighids

The Afrighids (Khwarazmian: ʾfryḡ) were a native Khwarezmian IranianClifford Edmund Bosworth, The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual, Columbia University, 1996.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Afrighids

Ahlat

Ahlat (Xelat) is a town in Turkey's Bitlis Province in Eastern Anatolia Region.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Ahlat

Ahmad Sanjar (احمد سنجر; full name: Muizz ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Adud ad-Dawlah Abul-Harith Ahmad Sanjar ibn Malik-Shah) (6 November 1086 – 8 May 1157) was the Seljuq ruler of Khorasan from 1097 until 1118, Encyclopædia Iranica when he became the Sultan of the Seljuq Empire, which he ruled until his death in 1157.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Ahmad Sanjar

Al-Jazira (caliphal province)

Al-Jazira (الجزيرة), also known as Jazirat Aqur or Iqlim Aqur, was a province of the Rashidun, Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates, spanning at minimum most of Upper Mesopotamia (al-Jazira proper), divided between the districts of Diyar Bakr, Diyar Rabi'a and Diyar Mudar, and at times including Mosul, Arminiya and Adharbayjan as sub-provinces.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Al-Jazira (caliphal province)

Al-Nasir

Abū al-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn al-Hasan al-Mustaḍīʾ (أبو العباس أحمد بن الحسن المستضيء), better known by his al-Nāṣir li-Dīn Allāh (label; 6 August 1158 – 5 October 1225) or simply as al-Nasir, was the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad from 1180 until his death.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Al-Nasir

Al-Salih Ismail, Emir of Damascus

Al-Malik al-Salih Imad al-Din Ismail bin Saif al-Din Ahmad better known as al-Salih Ismail (الصالح إسماعيل) was the Ayyubid sultan based in Damascus.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Al-Salih Ismail, Emir of Damascus

Al-Taj Gümüshtegin

Al-Taj Gümüshtegin, also known as Fakhr al-Dawla Gümüshtegin al-Tājī, eunuch governor of Baalbek through 1110, a freedman of Tutush I. Al-Taj briefly jailed Tutush’s son Irtash in 1104 before he was released by Toghtekin.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Al-Taj Gümüshtegin

Ala al-Din Tekish

Ala al-Din Tekish (Persian: علاء الدين تكش; full name: Ala ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Abul Muzaffar Tekish ibn Il-Arslan) or Tekesh or Takesh was the Shah of Khwarazmian Empire from 1172 to 1200.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Ala al-Din Tekish

Alborz

The Alborz (البرز) range, also spelled as Alburz, Elburz or Elborz, is a mountain range in northern Iran that stretches from the border of Azerbaijan along the western and entire southern coast of the Caspian Sea and finally runs northeast and merges into the smaller Aladagh Mountains and borders in the northeast on the parallel mountain ridge Kopet Dag in the northern parts of Khorasan.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Alborz

Anushtegin dynasty

The Anushtegin dynasty or Anushteginids (English:, خاندان انوشتکین), also known as the Khwarazmian dynasty (خوارزمشاهیان) was a PersianateC. E. Bosworth:. Khwarazmian Empire and Anushtegin dynasty are 11th century in Iran, 1231 disestablishments in Asia, 12th century in Iran, 13th century in Iran, former empires in Asia, medieval Khorasan, medieval history of Azerbaijan and states and territories established in 1077.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Anushtegin dynasty

Anushtegin Gharchai

Anushtegin Gharchai (also spelled Anush-Tegin; نوشتکین غرچه|Anūštigin Ḡaṛčaʾī; died 1097) was a Turkic slave commander (''ghulam'') of the Seljuks and the governor of Khwarazm from approximately 1077 until 1097.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Anushtegin Gharchai

Arabic

Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, or عَرَبِيّ, or) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Arabic

Arabic name

Arabic language names have historically been based on a long naming system.

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Aral Sea

The Aral Sea was an endorheic lake (that is, without an outlet) lying between Kazakhstan to its north and Uzbekistan to its south, which began shrinking in the 1960s and largely dried up by the 2010s.

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Armenia

Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Armenia

As-Salih Ayyub

Al-Malik as-Salih Najm al-Din Ayyub (5 November 1205 – 22 November 1249), nickname: Abu al-Futuh (أبو الفتوح), also known as al-Malik al-Salih, was the Ayyubid ruler of Egypt from 1240 to 1249.

See Khwarazmian Empire and As-Salih Ayyub

Atsiz

Ala al-Din wa-l-Dawla Abu'l-Muzaffar Atsiz ibn Muhammad ibn Anushtegin (علاءالدين و الدوله ابوالمظفر اتسز بن محمد بن انوشتگین; 1098 – 1156), better known as Atsiz (اتسز) was the second Khwarazmshah from 1127 to 1156.

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Autocracy

Autocracy is a system of government in which absolute power is held by the ruler, known as an autocrat.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Autocracy

Ayyubid dynasty

The Ayyubid dynasty (الأيوبيون; Eyûbiyan), also known as the Ayyubid Sultanate, was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Ayyubid dynasty

Azerbaijan (Iran)

Azerbaijan or Azarbaijan (italic), also known as Iranian Azerbaijan, is a historical region in northwestern Iran that borders Iraq and Turkey to the west, and the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Armenia, and the Republic of Azerbaijan proper to the north.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Azerbaijan (Iran)

Özgön

Özgön (Өзгөн) or Uzgen (Узген) (from Sogdian Uzkand ("city of the ''Uz'' ") is a town in Osh Region, Kyrgyzstan. It is a city of district significance and the seat of Özgön District. Its population was 62,802 in 2021.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Özgön

Balkh

Balkh is a town in the Balkh Province of Afghanistan, about northwest of the provincial capital, Mazar-e Sharif, and some south of the Amu Darya river and the Uzbekistan border.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Balkh

Bashkirs

The Bashkirs or Bashkurts (Başqorttar,; Башкиры) are a Kipchak-Bulgar Turkic ethnic group indigenous to Russia.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Bashkirs

Battle of Forbie

The Battle of Forbie, also known as the Battle of La Forbie or the Battle of Hiribya, was fought October 17, 1244 – October 18, 1244 between the allied armies (drawn from the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the crusading orders, the breakaway Ayyubids of Damascus, Homs, and Kerak) and the Egyptian army of the Ayyubid Sultan as-Salih Ayyub, reinforced with Khwarezmian mercenaries.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Battle of Forbie

Battle of Hattin

The Battle of Hattin took place on 4 July 1187, between the Crusader states of the Levant and the forces of the Ayyubid sultan Saladin.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Battle of Hattin

Battle of Jerusalem

The Battle of Jerusalem occurred during the British Empire's "Jerusalem Operations" against the Ottoman Empire, in World War I, when fighting for the city developed from 17 November, continuing after the surrender until 30 December 1917, to secure the final objective of the Southern Palestine Offensive during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Battle of Jerusalem

Battle of Qatwan

The Battle of Qatwan was fought in September 1141 between the Qara Khitai (Western Liao dynasty) and the Seljuk Empire and its vassal-state the Kara-Khanid Khanate.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Battle of Qatwan

Battle of the Indus

The Battle of the Indus was fought on the banks of the Indus River, on 24 November 1221, by two armies commanded by Shah Jalal al-Din Mingburnu of the Khwarazmian Empire, and Genghis Khan of the Mongol Empire.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Battle of the Indus

Battle of Yassıçemen

The Battle of Yassıçemen was fought in Anatolia, in what is now Erzincan Province, Turkey in 1230.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Battle of Yassıçemen

Begdili

Begdili (also spelled Bekdili or Bigdeli; Middle Turkic: بَكْتِلى Begtili; Begdili taýpasy; Turkish: Beğdili boyu; Azerbaijani: Bəydili boyu) were an Oghuz Turkic people and a sub-branch of the Bozok tribal federation.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Begdili

British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

See Khwarazmian Empire and British Empire

Bukhara

Bukhara (Uzbek; بخارا) is the seventh-largest city in Uzbekistan by population, with 280,187 residents.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Bukhara

Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Cambridge University Press

Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, often described as the world's largest lake and sometimes referred to as a full-fledged sea.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Caspian Sea

Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucasia, is a transcontinental region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Caucasus

Central Asia

Central Asia is a subregion of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the southwest and Eastern Europe in the northwest to Western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Central Asia

Chigils

The Chigil (Chihil, Cihil, or Chiyal) were a Turkic tribe known from the 7th century CE as living around Issyk Kul lake area.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Chigils

Clifford Edmund Bosworth

Clifford Edmund Bosworth FBA (29 December 1928 – 28 February 2015) was an English historian and Orientalist, specialising in Arabic and Iranian studies.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Clifford Edmund Bosworth

Crusades

The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period.

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Culture of Iran

The culture of Iran or culture of PersiaYarshater, Ehsan, Iranian Studies, vol.

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Cuman language

Cuman or Kuman (also called Kipchak, Qypchaq or Polovtsian, self referred to as Tatar (tatar til) in Codex Cumanicus) was a West Kipchak Turkic language spoken by the Cumans (Polovtsy, Folban, Vallany, Kun) and Kipchaks; the language was similar to today's various languages of the West Kipchak branch.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Cuman language

Cumans

The Cumans or Kumans (kumani; Kumanen;; Połowcy; cumani; polovtsy; polovtsi) were a Turkic nomadic people from Central Asia comprising the western branch of the Cuman–Kipchak confederation who spoke the Cuman language.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Cumans

Delhi Sultanate

The Delhi Sultanate or the Sultanate of Delhi was a late medieval empire primarily based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent, for 320 years (1206–1526).

See Khwarazmian Empire and Delhi Sultanate

Diarchy

Diarchy (from Greek δι-, di-, "double", and -αρχία, -arkhía, "ruled"),Occasionally misspelled dyarchy, as in the Encyclopaedia Britannica article on the colonial British institution duarchy, or duumvirate.

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Dirham

The dirham, dirhem or drahm (درهم) is a unit of currency and of mass.

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Divan

A divan or diwan (دیوان, dīvān; from Sumerian dub, clay tablet) was a high government ministry in various Islamic states, or its chief official (see dewan).

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Diyarbakır

Diyarbakır (local pronunciation: Dikranagerd), formerly Diyarbekir, is the largest Kurdish-majority city in Turkey.

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Ekinchi (Khwarazm Shah)

Ekinchi ibn Qochar (died 1097) was the Seljuk governor of Khwarazm briefly in 1097, bearing the traditional title of Khwarazmshah.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Ekinchi (Khwarazm Shah)

Empire

An empire is a political unit made up of several territories, military outposts, and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant center and subordinate peripheries".

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Encyclopædia Britannica

The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

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Encyclopædia Iranica

Encyclopædia Iranica is a project whose goal is to create a comprehensive and authoritative English-language encyclopedia about the history, culture, and civilization of Iranian peoples from prehistory to modern times.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Encyclopædia Iranica

Erzincan

Erzincan (script), historically Yerznka (Երզնկա), is the capital of Erzincan Province in eastern Turkey.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Erzincan

Euphrates

The Euphrates (see below) is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Euphrates

Expansionism

Expansionism refers to states obtaining greater territory through military empire-building or colonialism.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Expansionism

Gaza City

Gaza, also called Gaza City, is a Palestinian city in the Gaza Strip.

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Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan (born Temüjin; August 1227), also known as Chinggis Khan, was the founder and first khan of the Mongol Empire.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Genghis Khan

Georgia (country)

Georgia is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and West Asia.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Georgia (country)

Gharchistan

Gharchistan or Gharjistan (Gharjistān) was a medieval region on the north bank of the Murghab River, lying to the east of Herat and north of Hari River.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Gharchistan

Ghaznavids

The Ghaznavid dynasty (غزنویان Ġaznaviyān) or the Ghaznavid Empire was a Persianate Muslim dynasty and empire of Turkic mamluk origin, ruling at its greatest extent from the Oxus to the Indus Valley from 977 to 1186. Khwarazmian Empire and Ghaznavids are 11th century in Iran and medieval Khorasan.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Ghaznavids

Ghazni

Ghazni (غزنی, غزني), historically known as Ghaznayn (غزنين) or Ghazna (غزنه), also transliterated as Ghuznee, and anciently known as Alexandria in Opiana (Αλεξάνδρεια Ωπιανή), is a city in southeastern Afghanistan with a population of around 190,000 people.

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Ghurid dynasty

The Ghurid dynasty (also spelled Ghorids; translit; self-designation: شنسبانی, Šansabānī) was a Persianate dynasty of presumably eastern Iranian Tajik origin, which ruled from the 8th-century in the region of Ghor, and became an Empire from 1175 to 1215. Khwarazmian Empire and Ghurid dynasty are 12th century in Iran and medieval Khorasan.

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Great power

A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale.

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Greater Khorasan

Greater KhorāsānDabeersiaghi, Commentary on Safarnâma-e Nâsir Khusraw, 6th Ed.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Greater Khorasan

Hafiz-i Abru

Hafez-e AbruMaria Eva Subtelny and Charles Melville, (حافظ ابرو; died June 1430) was a Persian historian working at the courts of Timurid rulers of Central Asia.

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Hamadan

Hamedan (همدان) is a city in western Iran.

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Hazorasp

Hazorasp (Hazorasp, Ҳазорасп), also known as Khazarasp (Хазарасп), or by its more ancient name Hazarasp (هزار اسپ, meaning "thousand horses"), is an urban-type settlement in Uzbekistan, administrative centre of the Hazorasp District.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Hazorasp

Herat

Herāt (Pashto, هرات) is an oasis city and the third-largest city in Afghanistan.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Herat

Hiribya

Hirbiya (هربيا) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Gaza Subdistrict, located northeast of Gaza along the southern coastal plain of Palestine.

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Iltutmish

Shams ud-Din Iltutmish (شمس الدین ایلتتمش; (1192-died 30 April 1236) was the third of the Mamluk kings who ruled the former Ghurid territories in northern India. He was the first Muslim sovereign to rule from Delhi, and is thus considered the effective founder of the Delhi Sultanate. Sold into slavery as a young boy, Iltutmish spent his early life in Bukhara and Ghazni under multiple masters.

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Inalchuq

Inalchuq (or Inalchuk) (died 1219) was governor of Otrar in the Khwarezmian Empire in the early 13th century, known mainly for helping to provoke the successful and catastrophic invasion of Khwarezmia by Genghis Khan.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Inalchuq

India

India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia.

See Khwarazmian Empire and India

International Studies Quarterly

International Studies Quarterly is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal of international studies and an official journal of the International Studies Association.

See Khwarazmian Empire and International Studies Quarterly

Iran

Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Iran

Iranian peoples

The Iranian peoples or Iranic peoples are a diverse grouping of peoples who are identified by their usage of the Iranian languages (branch of the Indo-European languages) and other cultural similarities.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Iranian peoples

Iraq

Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia and a core country in the geopolitical region known as the Middle East.

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Isfahan

Isfahan or Esfahan (اصفهان) is a major city in the Central District of Isfahan County, Isfahan province, Iran.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Isfahan

Islam

Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.

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Isma'ilism

Isma'ilism (translit) is a branch or sect of Shia Islam.

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Jalal al-Din Mangburni

Jalal al-Din Mangburni (جلال الدین مِنکُبِرنی), also known as Jalal al-Din Khwarazmshah (جلال الدین خوارزمشاه), was the last Khwarazmshah of the Anushteginid dynasty.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Jalal al-Din Mangburni

Jand (Transoxania)

Jand (also Jend), was a medieval town on the right bank of the lower Jaxartes river in Transoxiana in modern-day Kazakhstan.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Jand (Transoxania)

Jerusalem

Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Jerusalem

Kangly

The Kangly (康曷利; pinyin: Kānghélì; Middle Chinese (ZS): /kʰɑŋ-ɦɑt̚-liɪH/ or 康里 pinyin: Kānglĭ X/;Kaγnï or قنكلى romanised: Kaŋlï, also spelled Qaŋlï, Qanglı, Kanly, Kangly, Qangli, Kangli or Kankali) were a Turkic people of Eurasia who were active from the Tang dynasty up to the Mongol Empire and Yuan dynasty.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Kangly

Kara-Khanid Khanate

The Kara-Khanid Khanate, also known as the Karakhanids, Qarakhanids, Ilek Khanids or the Afrasiabids, was a Karluk Turkic khanate that ruled Central Asia from the 9th to the early 13th century.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Kara-Khanid Khanate

Karluks

The Karluks (also Qarluqs, Qarluks, Karluqs, 𐰴𐰺𐰞𐰸, Qarluq, Para-Mongol: Harluut, t Géluólù; customary phonetic: Gelu, Khololo, Khorlo, خَلُّخ, Khallokh, قارلوق Qarluq) were a prominent nomadic Turkic tribal confederacy residing in the regions of Kara-Irtysh (Black Irtysh) and the Tarbagatai Mountains west of the Altay Mountains in Central Asia.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Karluks

Kashan

Kashan (کاشان) is a city in the Central District of Kashan County, in the northern part of Isfahan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Kashan

Kayqubad I

Alā ad-Dīn Kayqubād ibn Kaykhusraw (I.;, علاء الدين كيقباد بن كيخسرو 1190–1237), also known as Kayqubad I, was the Seljuq Sultan of Rûm who reigned from 1220 to 1237.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Kayqubad I

Khalaj people

The Khalaj (Xalass; Xalajhâ) are a Turkic ethnic group who mainly reside in Iran.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Khalaj people

Khwarazm

Khwarazm (Hwârazmiya; خوارزم, Xwârazm or Xârazm) or Chorasmia is a large oasis region on the Amu Darya river delta in western Central Asia, bordered on the north by the (former) Aral Sea, on the east by the Kyzylkum Desert, on the south by the Karakum Desert, and on the west by the Ustyurt Plateau.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Khwarazm

Khwarazmshah

Khwarazmshah was an ancient title used regularly by the rulers of the Central Asian region of Khwarazm starting from the Late Antiquity until the advent of the Mongols in the early 13th-century, after which it was used infrequently.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Khwarazmshah

Kimek–Kipchak confederation

The Kimek–Kipchak confederation was a medieval Turkic state formed by seven peoples, including the Yemeks and Kipchaks, in the area between the Ob and Irtysh rivers.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Kimek–Kipchak confederation

Kingdom of Georgia

The Kingdom of Georgia (Georgian: ⴑⴀⴕⴀⴐⴇⴅⴄⴊⴍⴑ ⴑⴀⴋⴄⴔⴍ), also known as the Georgian Empire, was a medieval Eurasian monarchy that was founded in AD. Khwarazmian Empire and Kingdom of Georgia are medieval history of Azerbaijan.

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Kipchaks

The Kipchaks or Qipchaqs, also known as Kipchak Turks or Polovtsians, were Turkic nomads and then a confederation that existed in the Middle Ages inhabiting parts of the Eurasian Steppe.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Kipchaks

Konye-Urgench

Konye-Urgench (Köneürgenç / کؤنه‌‌اۆرگنچ; کهنه گرگانج, Kuhna Gurgānj, literally "Old Gurgānj"), also known as Old Urgench or Urganj, is a city of about 30,000 inhabitants in north Turkmenistan, just south from its border with Uzbekistan.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Konye-Urgench

Kuchlug

Kuchlug (also spelled Küchlüg, Küçlüg, Güčülüg, Quqluq) (Хүчлүг;; d. 1218) was a member of the Naiman tribe who became the last emperor of the Western Liao dynasty (Qara Khitai).

See Khwarazmian Empire and Kuchlug

Kurds

Kurds or Kurdish people (rtl, Kurd) are an Iranic ethnic group native to the mountainous region of Kurdistan in Western Asia, which spans southeastern Turkey, northwestern Iran, northern Iraq, and northern Syria.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Kurds

Lake Van

Lake Van (Van Gölü; translit; Gola Wanê) is the largest lake in Turkey.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Lake Van

Lashkargah

Lashkargāh (لښکرګاه; لشکرگاه), historically called Bost or Boost (بست، بوست), is a city in southwestern Afghanistan and the capital of Helmand Province.

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List of Sunni dynasties

The following is a list of Sunni Muslim dynasties.

See Khwarazmian Empire and List of Sunni dynasties

Lustreware

Lustreware or lusterware (the respective spellings for British English and American English) is a type of pottery or porcelain with a metallic glaze that gives the effect of iridescence.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Lustreware

Ma'mun II

Abu'l-Abbas Ma'mun ibn Ma'mun (died March 1017) was the Ma'munid ruler of Khwarazm from 1009 until his death in 1017, having succeeded his brother Abu al-Hasan Ali in that post.

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Mahmud of Ghazni

Abu al-Qasim Mahmud ibn Sabuktigin (translit; 2 November 971 – 30 April 1030), usually known as Mahmud of Ghazni or Mahmud Ghaznavi (محمود غزنوی), was Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire, ruling from 998 to 1030.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Mahmud of Ghazni

Malik-Shah I

Malik-Shah I (ملک شاه) was the third sultan of the Seljuk Empire from 1072 to 1092, under whom the sultanate reached the zenith of its power and influence.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Malik-Shah I

Mamluk

Mamluk or Mamaluk (mamlūk (singular), مماليك, mamālīk (plural); translated as "one who is owned", meaning "slave") were non-Arab, ethnically diverse (mostly Turkic, Caucasian, Eastern and Southeastern European) enslaved mercenaries, slave-soldiers, and freed slaves who were assigned high-ranking military and administrative duties, serving the ruling Arab and Ottoman dynasties in the Muslim world.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Mamluk

Mangyshlak Peninsula

Mangyshlak or Mangghyshlaq Peninsula (translit; translit) is a large peninsula located in western Kazakhstan.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Mangyshlak Peninsula

Merriam-Webster

Merriam-Webster, Incorporated is an American company that publishes reference books and is mostly known for its dictionaries.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Merriam-Webster

Merv

Merv (Merw, Мерв, مرو; translit), also known as the Merve Oasis, was a major Iranian city in Central Asia, on the historical Silk Road, near today's Mary, Turkmenistan.

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Middle Ages

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.

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Middle East

The Middle East (term originally coined in English Translations of this term in some of the region's major languages include: translit; translit; translit; script; translit; اوْرتاشرق; Orta Doğu.) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq.

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Mina'i ware

Mina'i ware is a type of Persian pottery, or Islamic pottery developed in Kashan in the decades leading up to the Mongol invasion of Persia and Mesopotamia in 1219, after which production ceased. Khwarazmian Empire and Mina'i ware are 12th century in Iran and 13th century in Iran.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Mina'i ware

Mongol campaigns in Central Asia

Mongol campaigns in Central Asia occurred after the unification of the Mongol and Turkic tribes on the Mongolian plateau in 1206.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Mongol campaigns in Central Asia

Mongol conquest of the Qara Khitai

The Mongol Empire conquered the Qara Khitai (Western Liao Empire) in the year 1218 AD.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Mongol conquest of the Qara Khitai

Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries was the largest contiguous empire in history. Khwarazmian Empire and Mongol Empire are former empires in Asia.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Mongol Empire

Mongol invasion of Persia and Mesopotamia

The Mongol conquest of Persia comprised three Mongol campaigns against Islamic states in the Middle East and Central Asia between 1219 and 1258. Khwarazmian Empire and Mongol invasion of Persia and Mesopotamia are 13th century in Iran.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Mongol invasion of Persia and Mesopotamia

Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire

Between 1219 and 1221, the Mongol forces under Genghis Khan invaded the lands of the Khwarazmian Empire in Central Asia. Khwarazmian Empire and Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire are 13th century in Iran.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire

Mongolia

Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Mongolia

Muhammad I of Khwarazm

Qutb ad-Din Muhammad (قطب الدين محمد; full name: Qutb ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Abul-Fath Muhammad Arslantegin ibn Anushtegin) was the first Shah of Khwarezm from 1097 to 1127.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Muhammad I of Khwarazm

Muhammad II of Khwarazm

'Alā' al-Din Muhammad (Persian: علاءالدین محمد خوارزمشاه; full name: Ala ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Abul-Fath Muhammad Sanjar ibn Tekish) was the Shah of the Khwarazmian Empire from 1200 to 1220.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Muhammad II of Khwarazm

Muhammad of Ghor

Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad ibn Sam (translit; 15 March 1206), also known as Muhammad of Ghor or Muhammad Ghori, was a ruler from the Ghurid dynasty based in the Ghor region of what is today central Afghanistan who ruled from 1173 to 1206.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Muhammad of Ghor

Muslim world

The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah.

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Nishapur

Nishapur (نیشاپور, also help|italic.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Nishapur

Oghuz languages

The Oghuz languages are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family, spoken by approximately 108 million people.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Oghuz languages

Oghuz Turks

The Oghuz Turks (Middle Turkic: ٱغُز, Oγuz) were a western Turkic people who spoke the Oghuz branch of the Turkic language family.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Oghuz Turks

Otrar

Otrar or Utrar (Отырар, Otyrar, wotəˈɾɑɾ; Keŋü Tarman), also called Farab, is a Central Asian ghost town that was a city located along the Silk Road in Kazakhstan.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Otrar

Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries. Khwarazmian Empire and Ottoman Empire are former empires in Asia.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Ottoman Empire

Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

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Paganism

Paganism (from classical Latin pāgānus "rural", "rustic", later "civilian") is a term first used in the fourth century by early Christians for people in the Roman Empire who practiced polytheism, or ethnic religions other than Judaism.

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Peritonsillar abscess

Peritonsillar abscess (PTA), also known as quinsy, is an accumulation of pus due to an infection behind the tonsil.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Peritonsillar abscess

Persian language

Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (Fārsī|), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Persian language

Persianate society

A Persianate society is a society that is based on or strongly influenced by the Persian language, culture, literature, art and/or identity.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Persianate society

Punitive expedition

A punitive expedition is a military journey undertaken to punish a political entity or any group of people outside the borders of the punishing state or union.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Punitive expedition

Qara Khitai

The Qara Khitai, or Kara Khitai, also known as the Western Liao, officially the Great Liao, was a dynastic regime based in Central Asia ruled by the Yelü clan of the Khitan people.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Qara Khitai

Rashid al-Din Hamadani

Rashīd al-Dīn Ṭabīb (رشیدالدین طبیب;&lrm; 1247–1318; also known as Rashīd al-Dīn Faḍlullāh Hamadānī, رشیدالدین فضل‌الله همدانی) was a statesman, historian and physician in Ilkhanate Iran.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Rashid al-Din Hamadani

Ray, Iran

Shahre Ray, Shahr-e Ray, Shahre Rey, or Shahr-e Rey (Ŝahr-e Rey) or simply Ray or Rey (ری), is the capital of Rey County in Tehran Province, Iran.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Ray, Iran

Safavid dynasty

The Safavid dynasty (Dudmâne Safavi) was one of Iran's most significant ruling dynasties reigning from 1501 to 1736.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Safavid dynasty

Samarkand

Samarkand or Samarqand (Uzbek and Tajik: Самарқанд / Samarqand) is a city in southeastern Uzbekistan and among the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Central Asia.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Samarkand

Seljuk dynasty

The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids (سلجوقیان Saljuqian, alternatively spelled as Seljuqs or Saljuqs), Seljuqs, also known as Seljuk Turks, Seljuk Turkomans "The defeat in August 1071 of the Byzantine emperor Romanos Diogenes by the Turkomans at the battle of Malazgirt (Manzikert) is taken as a turning point in the history of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire." or the Saljuqids, was an Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually became Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persian culture in West Asia and Central Asia.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Seljuk dynasty

Seljuk Empire

The Seljuk Empire, or the Great Seljuk Empire, was a high medieval, culturally Turco-Persian, Sunni Muslim empire, established and ruled by the Qïnïq branch of Oghuz Turks. Khwarazmian Empire and Seljuk Empire are 11th century in Iran, 12th century in Iran, former empires in Asia and medieval history of Azerbaijan.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Seljuk Empire

Seuna (Yadava) dynasty

The Seuna, Sevuna, or Yadavas of Devagiri (IAST: Seuṇa, –1317) was a medieval Indian dynasty, which at its peak ruled a realm stretching from the Narmada river in the north to the Tungabhadra river in the south, in the western part of the Deccan region.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Seuna (Yadava) dynasty

Seventh Crusade

The Seventh Crusade (1248–1254) was the first of the two Crusades led by Louis IX of France.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Seventh Crusade

Shafi'i school

The Shafi'i school or Shafi'ism (translit) is one of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence within Sunni Islam.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Shafi'i school

Siege of Jerusalem (1244)

The Siege of Jerusalem of 1244 took place after the Sixth Crusade, when a Khwarazmian army conquered the city on July 15, 1244.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Siege of Jerusalem (1244)

Sultan Shah of Khwarezm

Jalal-ud-Din Sultan-Shah, known as Sultan-Shah (died 1193) was a claimant to the title of Khwarazmshah from 1172 until his death.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Sultan Shah of Khwarezm

Sultanate of Rum

The Sultanate of Rûm was a culturally Turco-Persian Sunni Muslim state, established over conquered Byzantine territories and peoples (Rûm) of Anatolia by the Seljuk Turks following their entry into Anatolia after the Battle of Manzikert (1071). Khwarazmian Empire and Sultanate of Rum are states and territories established in 1077.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Sultanate of Rum

Sunni Islam

Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims, and simultaneously the largest religious denomination in the world.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Sunni Islam

Syr Darya

The Syr Darya, historically known as the Jaxartes (Ἰαξάρτης), is a river in Central Asia.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Syr Darya

Syria

Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Syria

Tabriz

Tabriz (تبریز) is a city in the Central District of Tabriz County, in the East Azerbaijan province of northwestern Iran.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Tabriz

Tbilisi

Tbilisi (თბილისი), in some languages still known by its pre-1936 name Tiflis, (tr) is the capital and largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of around 1.2 million people.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Tbilisi

Terken Khatun (wife of Ala al-Din Tekish)

Terken Khatun (ترکان خاتون) was the Empress of the Khwarazmian Empire by marriage to Shah Ala al-Din Tekish, and the mother and de facto co-ruler of Muhammad II of the Khwarazmian Empire.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Terken Khatun (wife of Ala al-Din Tekish)

Tertius Chandler

Tertius Chandler (1915–2000) was an American historian and author from Berkeley, California.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Tertius Chandler

Toghrul III

Toghrul III (طغرل سوم) (died 1194) was the last sultan of the Great Seljuk Empire and the last Seljuk Sultan of Iraq.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Toghrul III

Tower of David

The Tower of David (Migdál Davíd), also known as the Citadel (al-Qala'a), is an ancient citadel and contemporary museum, located near the Jaffa Gate entrance to the Old City of Jerusalem.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Tower of David

Turkic peoples

The Turkic peoples are a collection of diverse ethnic groups of West, Central, East, and North Asia as well as parts of Europe, who speak Turkic languages.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Turkic peoples

Turkmens

Turkmens (Türkmenler, italic,,; historically "the Turkmen") are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, living mainly in Turkmenistan, northern and northeastern regions of Iran and north-western Afghanistan.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Turkmens

Uyghurs

The Uyghurs, alternatively spelled Uighurs, Uygurs or Uigurs, are a Turkic ethnic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the general region of Central and East Asia.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Uyghurs

Vassal state

A vassal state is any state that has a mutual obligation to a superior state or empire, in a status similar to that of a vassal in the feudal system in medieval Europe.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Vassal state

Vizier

A vizier (wazīr; vazīr) is a high-ranking political advisor or minister in the Near East.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Vizier

Yaqut al-Hamawi

Yāqūt Shihāb al-Dīn ibn-ʿAbdullāh al-Rūmī al-Ḥamawī (1179–1229) (ياقوت الحموي الرومي) was a Muslim scholar of Byzantine ancestry active during the late Abbasid period (12th–13th centuries).

See Khwarazmian Empire and Yaqut al-Hamawi

Yelü Dashi

Yelü Dashi (alternatively), courtesy name Zhongde (重德), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Dezong of Western Liao (西遼德宗), was the founder of the Western Liao dynasty (Qara Khitai).

See Khwarazmian Empire and Yelü Dashi

Zakariya al-Qazwini

Zakariyya' al-Qazwini (أبو يحيى زكرياء بن محمد بن محمود القزويني), also known as Qazvini (قزوینی), (born in Qazvin, Iran and died 1283), was a cosmographer and geographer.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Zakariya al-Qazwini

Zeki Velidi Togan

Zeki Velidi Togan (Əxmətzəki Əxmətşah ulı Wəlidi, translit, Ahmet Zeki Velidi Togan; 1890 – 1970 in Istanbul), was a Bashkir historian, Turkologist, and leader of the Bashkir revolutionary and liberation movement, doctor of philosophy (1935), professor, honorary doctor of the University of Manchester (1967).

See Khwarazmian Empire and Zeki Velidi Togan

Zengid dynasty

The Zengid or Zangid dynasty, Atabegs of Mosul (Arabic: الدولة الزنكية romanized: al-Dawla al-Zinkia) was an Atabegate of the Seljuk Empire created in 1127.

See Khwarazmian Empire and Zengid dynasty

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khwarazmian_Empire

Also known as Empire of the Khwarazmshahs, Harzemshah Sultanate, Harzemşah Sultanate, Khawarazm Empire, Khawarezm Empire, Khwarazmian Persia, Khwarazmian Sultanate, Khwarazmid Empire, Khwarezm Empire, Khwarezmian Empire, Khwarezmian State, Khwarezmid Empire, Khwarizmian Empire, Khwarizmim Empire, Khwārazm-Shāh Empire, Kwarizmian kingdom.

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Khwarazmian Empire, the Glossary

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